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isolation and identification of alectrol as (+)-orobanchyl acetate, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants.alectrol, a germination stimulant for root parasitic plants, was purified from root exudates of red clover (trifolium pratense l.) and identified as a strigolactone, (+)-orobanchyl acetate [(3as,4s,8bs,e)-8,8-dimethyl-3-(((r)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yloxy)methylene)-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-2h-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-yl acetate], by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy and esi- and ei-ms spectrometry. orobanchyl acetate afforded an [m-42](+) ion in ei-ms and thus had been recognized as an ...200817822727
role of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and its secondary hosts in plum pox virus propagation.plum pox virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, ppv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of plants in the genus prunus, particularly prunus persica l. the role of the myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) as a vector of ppv-m, and its role in spreading ppv-m, was investigated. ppv-m-infected peach trees were used as inoculum sources, and transmission to 15 herbaceous species commonly present in and around peach orchards was evaluated. the presence of ppv-m in secondary hos ...200717849850
application of a green manure and green manure composted with beet vinasse on soil restoration: effects on soil properties.beet vinasse (bv), a green manure constituted by trifolium pratense l. uncomposted (tp) and composted with beet vinasse (at 1:1 rate, (tp+bv)1, and 2:1 rate, (tp+bv)2) at 10t organic matter ha(-1) rate were applied during a period of four years for purpose of restoration of a xelloric calciorthid located near seville (guadalquivir valley, andalusia, spain). the effect on the plant cover, soil physical (structural stability and bulk density), chemical (exchangeable sodium percentage), and biologi ...200817959380
effects of chronic genistein treatment in mammary gland, uterus, and vagina.the isoflavone genistein (gen) is found in soy (glycine max) and red clover (trifolium pratense). the estrogenic activity of gen is known, and it is widely advertised as a phytoestrogen useful in alleviating climacteric complaints and other postmenopausal disorders. knowledge of effects of long-term administration of gen in laboratory animals is scarce, and effects in the uterus and mammary gland after long-term administration have not been studied. the uterus and mammary gland are known to be n ...200718174952
the effects of tannery wastewater on the development of different plant species and chromium accumulation in phragmites australis.toxicity tests were performed to assess the effect of tannery wastewater with different treatment levels on two wetland plants, phragmites australis and typha latifolia, which are frequently used in constructed wetlands (cws) for water treatment, and thus deepen the knowledge on their capacity to withstand the application of industrial wastewater. trifolium pratense, a plant generally used as an indicator in toxicity tests, was included as a control. end points measured were germination percenta ...200818214580
impact of glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn production on herbicide losses in surface runoff.residual herbicides used in the production of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr] and corn (zea mays l.) are often detected in surface runoff at concentrations exceeding their maximum contaminant levels (mcl) or health advisory levels (hal). with the advent of transgenic, glyphosate-tolerant soybean and glufosinate-tolerant corn this concern might be reduced by replacing some of the residual herbicides with short half-life, strongly sorbed, contact herbicides. we applied both herbicide types to two ...201518268303
toxic effects of digested, composted and thermally-dried sewage sludge on three plants.in order to evaluate potential toxic effects of stabilized sewage sludge that are currently applied to agricultural soils, three types of municipal sewage sludge and one pig slurry were subjected to phytotoxicity assays using three plants (brassica rapa, lolium perenne and trifolium pratense). equivalent batches of aerobically and anaerobically-digested sludge (f) from two municipal wastewater treatment plants, were composted (c) or thermally dried (t). in addition, one anaerobically-digested an ...200818280152
impact of different green manures on the content of s-alk(en)yl-l-cysteine sulfoxides and l-ascorbic acid in leek (allium porrum).this field study investigated the impact of various fertilization strategies with red clover ( trifolium pratense l.) green manure on the levels of s-alk(en)yl- l-cysteine sulfoxides (acso) and l-ascorbic acid in leek. two of the 12 treatments were controls, one without fertilizers and the other with a commercial mineral fertilizer. the remaining 10 treatments were different forms and quantities of green manure prepared from red clover. one treatment consisted of direct incorporation into soil o ...200818298070
sub-lethal levels of electric current elicit the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites.many secondary metabolites that are normally undetectable or in low amounts in healthy plant tissue are synthesized in high amounts in response to microbial infection. various abiotic and biotic agents have been shown to mimic microorganisms and act as elicitors of the synthesis of these plant compounds. in the present study, sub-lethal levels of electric current are shown to elicit the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in transgenic and non-transgenic plant tissue. the production of the phy ...201518331050
the rhizobial adhesion protein rapa1 is involved in adsorption of rhizobia to plant roots but not in nodulation.the effect of the rhizobium adhesion protein rapa1 on rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii adsorption to trifolium pratense (red clover) roots was investigated. we altered rapa1 production by cloning its encoding gene under the plac promoter into the stable vector phc60. after introducing this plasmid in r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii, three to four times more rapa1 was produced, and two to five times higher adsorption to red clover roots was obtained, as compared with results for the empty vecto ...200818393991
influence of phosphate and ammonia on the growth, exopolysaccharide production and symbiosis of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1 with clover (trifolium pratense).the rhizobium-legume interaction is sensitive to a number of environmental factors, among which phosphate (pi) and ammonium availability are the most important. we investigated the effect of pi and ammonia concentration on exopolysaccharide production and symbiosis trifolium pratense with rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ta1 (rtta1). the optimal pi concentration in the bacterial growth medium for rtta1 growth and exopolysaccharide production was in the range from 0.9 mm to 8.1 mm. independen ...200818401950
ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography of isoflavones and phenolic acids on different stationary phases.complete separation of aglycones and glucosides of selected isoflavones (genistin, genistein, daidzin, daidzein, glycitin, glycitein, ononin, sissotrin, formononetin, and biochanin a) was possible in 1.5 min using an ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (u-hplc) on a different particular chemically modified stationary phases with a particle size under 2 microm. in addition, selected separation conditions for simultaneous determination of isoflavones together with a group of phenolic acids (g ...200818501366
high diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a boreal herb-rich coniferous forest.* here, the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi was determined in a boreal herb-rich coniferous forest in relation to environmental variables. * root samples of five plant species (fragaria vesca, galeobdolon luteum, hepatica nobilis, oxalis acetosella and trifolium pratense) were analysed from stands differing in age and forest management intensity. * thirty-four glomeromycota taxa (small-subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rdna) sequence groups) were detected from 90 root samples (911 c ...200818537886
the phytoestrogenic isoflavones from trifolium pratense l. (red clover) protects human cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity.the endogenous steroid estrogen has been shown to affect neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. genistein, daidzein and other isoflavones have been shown to mimic the pharmacological actions of the gonadal steroid estrogen with which they have structural similarities. several studies have looked at the effect of isoflavones in the brain. in the present study, human cortical cell line hcn 1-a maintained in culture was used to test the neuroprotective efficacy of a natural mixture of phyto ...200818539019
otospora bareai, a new fungal species in the glomeromycetes from a dolomitic shrub land in sierra de baza national park (granada, spain).a new fungal species of the glomeromycetes was isolated from the rhizosphere of pterocephalus spathulatus and thymus granatensis, two rare endemic plants growing on dolomite in the sierra de baza (granada, southern spain). the fungus was propagated in pot cultures of sorghum vulgare and trifolium pratense for 4 y and it is described here on the basis of the spores found in nature and formed in pot cultures. its brown spores (140-210 microm diam) form laterally on a persistent, brown stalk (=neck ...200818592903
in vivo estrogenic comparisons of trifolium pratense (red clover) humulus lupulus (hops), and the pure compounds isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin.the lack of a safe and reliable alternative to hormone therapy (ht) for treating menopausal symptoms underscores the need for alternative therapies. objective: the purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo estrogenic effects of the botanical dietary supplements trifolium pratense (red clover) and humulus lupulus (hops), and two compounds obtained from h. lupulus, isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn) using the ovariectomized uterotrophic adult rat model. a h. lupulus extract and a 3 ...200818619951
population differentiation and genetic variation in performance on eight hosts in the pea aphid complex.phytophagous insects frequently use multiple host-plant species leading to the evolution of specialized host-adapted populations and sometimes eventually to speciation. some insects are confronted with a large number of host-plant species, which may provide complex routes of gene flow between host-adapted populations. the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) attacks a broad range of plants in the fabaceae and it is known that populations on trifolium pratense and medicago sativa can be highly special ...200818647340
phytotoxic effects of sewage sludge extracts on the germination of three plant species.in order to evaluate the ability of three types of extracts to explain the ecotoxicological risk of treated municipal sewage sludges, the oecd 208a germination test was applied using three plants (lolium perenne l., brassica rapa l., and trifolium pratense l.). three equivalent batches of sludge, remained as dewatered sludge, composted with plant remains and thermally dried, from an anaerobic waste water treatment plant were separated. samples from these three batches were extracted in water, me ...200818651217
protective effect of isoflavones from trifolium pratense on dopaminergic neurons.in the present study, protective effect of five isoflavones (formononetin, daidzein, pratensein, calycosin and irilone) from trifolium pratense on lipopolysaccharide-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration was studied for the first time. the results showed that all five isoflavones attenuated lps-induced decrease in dopamine uptake and the number of dopaminergic neurons in a dose-dependent manner in rat mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures. moreover, they also significantly inhibited lps-induced ac ...200818675857
the isoflavones mixture from trifolium pratense l. protects hcn 1-a neurons from oxidative stress.oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death has been implicated in different neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease and parkinson's. using the alzheimer's disease-associated hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of a natural mixture of phytoestrogenic isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin a and formononetin) from trifolium pratense l. (red clover) against oxidative stress-induced cell death in human cortical c ...200918693301
research on antioxidant effects and estrogenic effect of formononetin from trifolium pratense (red clover).antioxidant and estrogenic effects of formononetin on ovariectomized mice have been investigated in the present study. the adult female kunming mice were divided into 5 groups: sham-operated group, ovariectomized group, stilbestrol replacement therapy group (0.20 mg/kg day), low-dose formononetin group (0.05 g/kg day) and high-dose formononetin group (0.5 g/kg day). the mice in the latter 4 groups were ovariectomized. the drug was given by oral administration for 6 months. estrogenic effect was ...200918757188
de-inking sludge and phosphorus effects on growth and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in forage legumes.the de-inking process produces a waste by-product, called de-inking paper sludge (ds), that contains paper fibers, clay particles and inks and high carbon (c) concentrations combined with low nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) concentrations. the use of high rates of ds to increase the soil organic matter thus requires provision of high rates of n and p for adequate plant growth. using dinitrogen (n2)-fixing forage legumes is an alternative to n fertilization under such circumstances. in a greenhou ...200719070161
effects of trifolium pratense and cimicifuga racemosa on the endometrium of wistar rats.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of trifolium pratense and cimicifuga racemosa upon the endometrium of castrated female wistar rats, comparing these results with a placebo and estradiol valerate.200819095386
trifolium l.--a review on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile.plants from the genus trifolium have been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. in turkish folk medicine, for example, some trifolium species are used for their expectorant, analgesic, antiseptic properties and also to treat rheumatic aches. some species are also grown as pasture crops for animals in the mediterranean. the high quercetin concentration and soyasaponin occurrence make the seeds of some trifolium species a potential source of health beneficial phytochemicals for use in hum ...200919107737
biodiversity effects on yield and unsown species invasion in a temperate forage ecosystem.current agricultural practices are based on growing monocultures or binary mixtures over large areas, with a resultant impoverishing effect on biodiversity at several trophic levels. the effects of increasing the biodiversity of a sward mixture on dry matter yield and unsown species invasion were studied.200919168861
modulatory influence of prepubertal biochanin a exposure on mammary gland differentiation and expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and apoptotic proteins.the modulatory influence of the phytoestrogen biochanin a, an isoflavinoid found in red clover (trifolium pratense), on the differentiation and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (er-alpha) in female prepubertal sprague-dawley rat mammary glands was examined, for which there have been no reports to date. biochanin a (500 microg/g bw) was injected subcutaneously on days 16, 18 and 20 post-partum. the mammary gland was dissected out and terminal ...200919170158
assessment of dietary ratios of red clover and grass silages on milk production and milk quality in dairy cows.twenty-four multiparous holstein-friesian dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 x 4 latin square changeover design experiment to test the effects of changing from ryegrass (lolium perenne) silage to red clover (trifolium pratense) silage in graded proportions on feed intakes, milk production, milk organoleptic qualities, and whole-body nitrogen partitioning. four dietary treatments, comprising ad libitum access to 1 of 4 forage mixtures plus a standard allowance of 4 kg/d dairy concentrates, we ...200919233807
host-specific races in the holoparasitic angiosperm orobanche minor: implications for speciation in parasitic plants.orobanche minor is a root-holoparasitic angiosperm that attacks a wide range of host species, including a number of commonly cultivated crops. the extent to which genetic divergence among natural populations of o. minor is influenced by host specificity has not been determined previously. here, the host specificity of natural populations of o. minor is quantified for the first time, and evidence that this species may comprise distinct physiological races is provided.200919251714
phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil.the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ...200819260228
heterodera glycines infectivity and egg viability following nonhost crops and during overwintering.the most effective management program for soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, is a crop rotation that uses nonhost crops and resistant soybean cultivars. however, little is known about the effects of rotation crops and overwintering on h. glycines biology. these experiments were initiated to determine the effects of seven alternative crops on h. glycines' ability to infect and mature on subsequent soybean crops, and to assess the viability of eggs during the overwintering months. rotatio ...200519262870
the effect of marigolds (tagetes spp.) and other cover crops on pratylenchus penetrans and on following potato crops.root-lesion nematodes (primarily pratylenchus penetrans) were monitored in two marigold cultivars (tagetes tenuifolia cv. nemakill and cv. nemanon), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum cv. lemtal), red clover (trifolium pratense cv. florex), and soybean (glycine max cv. proteus), and in the following potato (solanum tuberosum cv. superior) crop during three growth sequences. meadow fescue (festuca elatior cv. miner) and bee plant (phacelia tanacetifolia cv. gipha) were added to the trial in the ...200019271006
distribution in the western united states on alfalfa and cultivar reaction to mixed populations of ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi.ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi were extracted from 29 of 40 plant samples (72.5%) collected from arizona, california, colorado, idaho, montana, oregon, south dakota, utah, washington, and wyoming. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in tissue of the 29 samples ranged from 1.77 to 67.82%. only ditylenchus dipsaci was recovered from the remaining 11 samples. all of the 16 fields sampled in wyoming contained both nematodes. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in the wyoming samples ranged f ...199419279952
technical note: effects of forage protein-binding polyphenols on chemistry of dairy excreta.forage chemistry can affect intake, digestion, milk production, and manure excretion. although information is available on the effects of forage protein-binding polyphenols on small ruminant production and manure excretion, little information is available for dairy cattle. the objective of this study was to compare fecal and urinary n excretion of diets formulated with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage versus condensed tannin-containing birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus) or o-quinone-conta ...200919307659
effect of meloidogyne incognita on reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans in red clover and alfalfa.roots of seedlings of red clover and alfalfa growing on 10(1) hoagland and arnon solution agar were inoculated with various combinations of meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus penetrans. egg-laying by p. penetrans decreased as the number of nematodes, the ratio of entrant m. incognita to entrant p. penetrans, and the priority of invasion of roots by m. incognita increased. embryogeny and hatching of eggs of p. penetrans, and development of larvae of m. incognita, were not affected. in red clo ...197519308128
effects of potassium fertilization and pratylenchus penetrans on yield and potassium content of red clover and alfalfa.red clover and alfalfa were inoculated with pratylenchus penetrans and grown in an alberry sandy loam soil to which potassium (k) was added at seeding at 0, 41.5, 83, and 166 microg/g. in one experiment with alfalfa, additional k was added after each forage cut to replace that which was removed. nematode populations were not consistently affected by k fertilization. nematode infection stunted red clover and alfalfa and resulted in lower yields at all k levels, except for alfalfa at the lowest k ...197619308208
pretreatment of clover seeds with nod factors improves growth and nodulation of trifolium pratense.the increase in legume production in sustainable agriculture depends not only on the effectiveness of the selected nitrogen-fixing inoculants but also on their competitiveness in a soil environment containing an indigenous rhizobial population. in this study, we investigated the effect of pretreatment of red clover seeds with specific nod factor (lcos) on germination, growth, and nodulation of clover growing under sterile conditions and in the soil. we demonstrated that, although the symbiotic a ...200919370375
host-driven divergence in the parasitic plant orobanche minor sm. (orobanchaceae).many parasitic angiosperms have a broad host range and are therefore considered to be host generalists. orobanche minor is a nonphotosynthetic root parasite that attacks a range of hosts from taxonomically disparate families. in the present study, we show that o. minor sensu lato may comprise distinct, genetically divergent races isolated by the different ecologies of their hosts. using a three-pronged approach, we tested the hypothesis that intraspecific taxa o. minor var. minor and o. minor ss ...200819378406
influence of red clover (trifolium pratense) isoflavones on gene and protein expression profiles in liver of ovariectomized rats.isoflavones such as genistein, biochanin a, formononetin, and glycetin are fairly abundant in red clover (trifolium pratense, fabaceae) and show estrogenic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. to explore these effects mediated by red clover extract at the gene and protein levels, female ovariectomized rats were treated with an isoflavone rich extract of t. pratense. the experimental rats were divided into 2 groups of five animals each: a) control b) experimental group (red clover extract t ...200919409770
a novel red clover hydroxycinnamoyl transferase has enzymatic activities consistent with a role in phaselic acid biosynthesis.red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mumol g(-1) fresh weight of phaselic acid [2-o-(caffeoyl)-l-malate]. postharvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. forage crops like alfalfa (medicago sativa) lack both polyphenol oxidase and o-diphenols, and breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the environment. unde ...200919525325
in vivo metabolic tracking of 14c-radiolabelled isoflavones in kudzu (pueraria lobata) and red clover (trifolium pratense) extracts.absorption, distribution and elimination of 14c-labelled isoflavone-containing extracts from kudzu (pueraria lobata) root culture and red clover (trifolium pratense) cell culture were investigated in an in vivo rat model. the predominant isoflavones in the kudzu extract were the glycosides puerarin, daidzin and malonyl daidzin, while in the red clover extract, the major isoflavones were formononetin and its derivatives, genistein and biochanin a, with radioactivities of 3.770 and 7.256 mbq/g, re ...200919586574
characterisation of phenolics in flor-essence--a compound herbal product and its contributing herbs.commercially available herbal mixture fe, a proprietary natural health product manufactured by flora manufacturing and distributing ltd (flora), is a unique north american traditional herbal product. fe is a chemically complex mixture of eight herbs and has not been subjected to phytochemical analysis.200919609882
effect of supplementation of grazing dairy ewes with a cereal concentrate on animal performance and milk fatty acid profile.this work was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing grazing ewes on pasture with a cereal concentrate on the milk fatty acid (fa) profile. ninety assaf ewes in mid lactation were distributed in 9 lots of 10 animals each and allocated to 3 feeding regimens: 1) pasture--ewes were only allowed to graze pasture (an irrigated sward of lolium perenne, trifolium pratense, and dactylis glomerata); 2) ps--grazing ewes were supplemented with oat grain (700 g/animal and day); and 3) tmr--ewe ...200919620680
using complementary and alternative medicines to target the host response during severe influenza.it is now accepted that an overwhelming inflammatory response is the cause of human deaths from avian h5n1 influenza infection. with this in mind we sought to examine the literature for examples of complementary and alternative medicines that reduce inflammation, and to place the results of this search in the context of our own work in a mouse model of influenza disease, using a pharmaceutical agent with anti-inflammatory properties. two chinese herbs, angelica sinensis (dang gui) and salvia mil ...201019779008
red clover coumarate 3'-hydroxylase (cyp98a44) is capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-shikimate but not p-coumaroyl-malate: implications for the biosynthesis of phaselic acid.red clover (trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mumol of phaselic acid [2-o-caffeoyl-l-malate] per gram fresh weight. post-harvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases (ppo) prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. forages like alfalfa (medicago sativa) lack both foliar ppo activity and o-diphenols. consequently, breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the env ...201019921248
specific developmental pathways underlie host specificity in the parasitic plant orobanche.parasitic angiosperms are an ecologically and economically important group of plants. however our understanding of the basis for host specificity in these plants is embryonic. recently we investigated host specificity in the parasitic angiosperm orobanche minor, and demonstrated that this host generalist parasite comprises genetically defined races that are physiologically adapted to specific hosts. populations occurring naturally on red clover (trifolium pratense) and sea carrot (daucus carota ...201020081361
mapping candidate qtls related to plant persistency in red clover.red clover (trifolium pratense l.) is a diploid (2n = 14), self-incompatible legume that is widely cultivated as a forage legume in cold geographical regions. because it is a short-lived perennial species, improvement of plant persistency is the most important objective for red clover breeding. to develop a marker-assisted selection (mas) approach for red clover, we identified candidate qtls related to plant persistency. two full-sib mapping populations, 272 x wf1680 and hr x r130, were used for ...201020087570
antimicrobial effect of red clover (trifolium pratense) phenolic extract on the ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacterium, clostridium sticklandii.ruminal proteolysis and subsequent amino acid degradation represent considerable economic loss in ruminant production. the hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (hab) are largely responsible for amino acid deamination in the rumen. hab can be controlled with ionophores, but they are also susceptible to antimicrobial plant secondary metabolites. red clover (trifolium pratense) is rich in soluble phenolics, and it is also more resistant to proteolysis than other legumes. the goal of this study was to i ...201020087740
red clover (trifolium pratense l.) isoflavones: root phenolic compounds affected by biotic and abiotic stress factors.phenolic compounds have recently received considerable attention for their ability to protect plant and human cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. red clover (trifolium pratense l.) is a rich source of isoflavonoids with multiple potential protective functions. the aim of this study was to identify and characterise phenolic compounds in red clover roots by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry and to study the effects of stress factors and growth stage on root pheno ...201020355062
red clover trifolium pratense (linn.) isoflavones extract on the pain threshold of normal and ovariectomized rats--a long-term study.depletion of estrogens occurs in women during menopause, while in experimental animals, oophorectomy is a common method to deplete the animals of their gonadal hormones. recently, phytoestrogens derived from plants have been tried as estrogen substitutes during menopause. in the present study an isoflavones methanol extract from red clover trifolium pratense (linn.) was administered orally (500 mg/kg of body weight) to ovariectomized (ovx) and normal (controls) rats for 90 and 180 days. their pa ...201120623592
isoflavones isolated from red clover (trifolium pratense) inhibit smooth muscle contraction of the isolated rat prostate gland.this study investigated whether red clover contains any bioactive constituents which may affect contractility of rat prostatic smooth muscle in an attempt to determine whether its medicinal use in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is supported by pharmacological effects. a commercially available red clover extract was chemically fractionated and various isoflavones (genistein, formononetin and biochanin a) were isolated from these fractions and their effects on contractility were exa ...201020638256
predicting molybdenum toxicity to higher plants: estimation of toxicity threshold values.four plant species (oilseed rape, brassica napus l.; red clover, trifolium pratense l.; ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; and tomato, lycopersicon esculentum l.) were tested on ten soils varying widely in soil properties to assess molybdenum (mo) toxicity. a larger range (66-fold-609-fold) of added mo concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of yield (ed50) was found among soils than among plant species (2-fold-38-fold), which illustrated that the soils differed widely in the expression of mo toxic ...201020656390
medicinal plants as alternative treatments for female sexual dysfunction: utopian vision or possible treatment in climacteric women?female sexual dysfunction (fsd) is a complex and multifactorial condition. an increased incidence of fsd is especially associated with the decline of estrogen. thus, menopause is a critical phase for fsd complaints. in this context, medicinal plants may be a therapeutic option.201020722793
plants growing on contaminated and brownfield sites appropriate for use in organisation for economic co-operation and development terrestrial plant growth test.the organisation for economic co-operation and development (oecd) terrestrial plant test is often used for the ecological risk assessment of contaminated land. however, its origins in plant protection product testing mean that the species recommended in the oecd guidelines are unlikely to occur on contaminated land. six alternative species were tested on contaminated soils from a former zn smelter and a metal fragmentizer with elevated concentrations of cd, cu, pb, and zn. the response of the al ...201120853450
ambispora granatensis, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, associated with asparagus officinalis in andalucia (spain).a new dimorphic fungal species in the arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming glomeromycota, ambispora granatensis, was isolated from an agricultural site in the province of granada (andalucía, spain) growing in the rhizosphere of asparagus officinalis. it was propagated in pot cultures with trifolium pratense and sorghum vulgare. the fungus also colonized ri t-dna transformed daucus carota roots but did not form spores in these root organ cultures. the spores of the acaulosporoid morph are 90-150 μm diam ...201120952800
effects of trifolium pratense on the climacteric and sexual symptoms in postmenopause women.to evaluate the effects of treatment with trifolium pratense on climacteric symptoms and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women.201621152828
glucuronidation of the red clover isoflavone irilone by liver microsomes from different species and human udp-glucuronosyltransferases.red clover (trifolium pratense l.) is used as a source for isoflavone (if) dietary supplements. in this study, we focused on the red clover if irilone (iri), because of its reported comparatively high bioavailability. because the conjugative metabolism plays a key role in the elimination of if, we investigated the species-specific differences and glucuronidation kinetics of iri using different liver microsomes as well as the recombinant udp-glucuronosyltransferases (ugts) 1a1, 1a7, 1a8, 1a9, 1a1 ...201021177485
hplc/dad/ms and antioxidant activity of isoflavone-based food supplements.isoflavones are polyphenolic compounds found mainly in legumes the benefits of which have been widely studied and attributed in particular to their phytoestrogenic activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quali-quantitative composition of food supplements based on soy isoflavones (glycine max l.) and red clover (trifolium pratense). six commercial food supplements (five soy-based and one red clover-based) were analyzed by hplc/dad/ms. genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin a and fo ...201021213978
diversity study on sclerotinia trifoliorum erikks., the causal agent of clover rot in red clover crops (trifolium pratense l.).since the 16th century, red clover has been an important crop in europe. since the 1940s, the european areal of red clover has been severely reduced, due to the availability of chemical fertilizers and the growing interest in maize. nowadays there is a growing interest in red clover again, although some setbacks still remain. an important setback is the low persistence of red clover crops. clover rot, caused by the ascomycete fungus sclerotinia trifoliorum erikss., is a major disease in europe a ...201021534473
enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of p-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.this study evaluated the synergism between several p-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of araxá apatite. clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. the substrate was fertilized with 3 g l-1 of araxá apatite. a completely randomized design, in 8×2 factorial scheme (eight p-s ...201021562704
evaluation of the estrogenic effects of dietary perinatal trifolium pratense.this study was designed to investigate the potential estrogenic effects of perinatal dietary phytoestrogens on the rat uterus. pregnant rats were divided to three groups provided the following diets: (1) rat chow, (2) rat chow with 7.5% trifolium (t.) pratense, or (3) rat chow supplemented with 17β-estradiol (0.5 mg/kg). the dams in each group were kept on the same diet during pregnancy and lactation. female offspring were euthanized on day 21 at which time body and organ weights were recorded a ...201121586870
in vitro and in vivo melanogenesis inhibition by biochanin a from trifolium pratense.our previous study showed that a methanol extract from trifolium pratense exerted potent inhibitory activity on melanogenesis in mouse b16 melanoma cells. in the present study, the active compound in this chinese herb extract was isolated and identified as biochanin a by mass spectrum, (1)h-nmr, and (13)c-nmr analysis. the inhibitory effects of biochanin a on melanogenesis were investigated in vitro in cultured melanoma cells and in vivo in zebrafish and mice. biochanin a dose-dependently inhibi ...201121597196
competitiveness of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains in mixed inoculation of clover (trifolium pratense).rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii (rlt) establishes beneficial root nodule symbiosis with clover. twenty rlt strains differentially marked with antibiotic-resistance markers were investigated in terms of their competitiveness and plant growth promotion in mixed inoculation of clover in laboratory experiments. the results showed that the studied strains essentially differed in competition ability. these differences seem not to be dependent on bacterial multiplication in the vicinity of roots, ...201121630573
isolation and characterization of two strains of fusarium oxysporum causing potato dry rot in solanum tuberosum in colombia.background: fusarium oxysporum has worldwide distribution and causes severe vascular wilt or root rot in many plants. strains are classified into formae speciales based on their high degree of host specificity, of which multilocus sequence typing provides a fairly good estimate. aims: the main aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of an infected potato tuber in colombia. methodology and results: two f. oxysporum isolates were recovered from a potato tuber showing symptoms of dry rot ...201121635960
within-population genetic diversity of taraxacum officinale (asteraceae): differential genotype response and effect on interspecific competition.clonal offspring of five morphologically distinct individuals of taraxacum officinale were planted in a greenhouse experiment with each of three competitors, plantago major, poa pratensis and trifolium pratense. the competitors were chosen to represent a series of competitive environments experienced by a natural population of t. officinale through the year. differences in size, morphology, and response to the competitive environments were found among clones and support classification of the fiv ...199821684978
grazing management and supplementation effects on forage and dairy cow performance on cool-season pastures in the southeastern united states.cool-season annual forages provide high-quality herbage for up to 5 mo in the us gulf coast states, but their management in pasture-based dairy systems has received little attention. objectives of this study were to evaluate pasture and animal responses when lactating holstein cows (n=32, mean dim=184±21) grazed either n-fertilized rye (secale cereale l.)-annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) mixed pastures or rye-annual ryegrass-crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.)-red clover (trifolium ...201121787931
agricultural reuse of the digestate from low-cost tubular digesters in rural andean communities.this research aimed at assessing the properties of guinea pig manure digestate from low-cost tubular digesters for crops fertilization in rural andean communities. to this end, field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of the digestate on two common andean crops: potato (solanum tuberosum) and forage (lolium multiflorum and trifolium pratense l.). the potato yield (20-25 tha(-1)) increased by 27.5% with digestate, by 15.1% with pre-compost and by 10.3% with the mixture, compared to th ...201121903373
terrestrial microcosms in a feasibility study on the remediation of diesel-contaminated soils.phytoremediation and bioremediation are site-specific processes, and feasibility studies should be performed as an initial step in scaling-up these processes. soil microcosms can be a useful tool for investigating the efficiency of remediation alternatives under realistic conditions. in the present study, the degradation of diesel fuel in soil was studied in artificially assembled microcosms during a 180-day experiment. microcosms consisted of soil columns seeded with a mix of festuca arundinace ...201121907410
methylated arsenic species in plants originate from soil microorganisms.• inorganic arsenic (ias) is a ubiquitous human carcinogen, and rice (oryza sativa) is the main contributor to ias in the diet. methylated pentavalent as species are less toxic and are routinely found in plants; however, it is currently unknown whether plants are able to methylate as. • rice, tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and red clover (trifolium pratense) were exposed to ias, monomethylarsonic acid (mma(v)), or dimethylarsinic acid (dma(v)), under axenic conditions. rice seedlings were also gr ...201122098145
ecotoxicity of siloxane d5 in soil.decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (d5) is a cyclic volatile methyl siloxane (cvms) commonly found in commercially available products. d5 is expected to enter the terrestrial environment through the deposit of biosolids from sewage treatment plants onto agricultural fields for nutrient enrichment. little to no information currently exists as to the risks of d5 to the terrestrial environment. in order to evaluate the potential risk to terrestrial organisms, the toxicity of a d5 contaminated biosolid in ...201222197313
survival of three commercially available natural enemies exposed to michigan wildflowers.flowering plants are often used in habitat management programs to conserve the arthropod natural enemies of insect pests. in this study, nine species of flowering plants representing six families commonly found in north america east of the rocky mountains were evaluated based on how much they extended the lifespans of three commercially available natural enemy species in cages with cut flower stems compared with cages containing water only. the natural enemies used in the experiments were a lady ...201122251728
the effect of n-fertilisation rate or inclusion of red clover to timothy leys on fatty acid composition in milk of dairy cows fed a commercial silage: concentrate ratio.the aim of this experiment was to, under typical swedish production conditions, evaluate the effects of grass silages subjected to different n-fertilisation regimes fed to dairy cows on the fatty acid (fa) composition of their milk, and to compare the grass silages in this respect to red clover-dominated silage. grass silages made from first year phleum pratense l. leys subjected to three n-fertilisation regimes (30, 90 and 120 kg n/ha, designated g-30, g-90 and g-120, respectively) and a mixed ...201223031480
effect of silage botanical composition on ruminal biohydrogenation and transfer of fatty acids to milk in dairy cows.ruminal biohydrogenation and transfer of fatty acids (fa) to milk were determined for 4 silages with different botanical compositions using 4 multiparous norwegian red dairy cows [(mean ± sd) 118 ± 40.9 d in milk, 22.5 ± 2.72 kg of milk/d, 631 ± 3.3 kg of body weight, 3.3 ± 0.40 points on body condition score at the start of the experiment] fitted with rumen cannulas. treatments consisted of 4 experimental silages: a mix of the first and third cut of organically managed short-term grassland with ...201323200474
ecotoxicity of xanthene dyes and a non-chlorinated bisphenol in soil.soil eco-toxicity testing was conducted in support of canada's chemical management plan (cmp) to fill data gaps for organic chemicals known to primarily partition to soil, and of which the persistence and inherent toxicity are uncertain. two compounds representative of specific classes of chemicals: non-chlorinated bisphenols containing an -oh group (4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (binox)) and xanthene dyes (2',4',5',7'-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-, disodium salt (p ...201323211322
isolation and structural identification of the trihydroxamate siderophore vicibactin and its degradative products from rhizobium leguminosarum atcc 14479 bv. trifolii.the rhizobia are a group of free-living soil bacteria known for their ability to symbiotically infect the roots of specific host plants as well as to produce siderophores in order to compete with other microorganisms for the limited availability of iron in the rhizosphere. in this study, rhizobium leguminosarum atcc 14479, which preferentially infects the red clover trifolium pratense, was found to produce the trihydroxamate siderophore vicibactin (c33h55n6o15) under iron restricted conditions. ...201323361163
neuroprotective effects of formononetin against nmda-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons.formononetin (fmnt) is an isoflavone found in many herbs including trifolium pratense l., spatholobus suberectus dunn., and astragalus mongholicus bunge. the purpose of this study is to investigate pharmacological properties of fmnt on neurotoxicity induced by n-methyl-d-asparate (nmda) in primary-cultured cortical neurons. the cell viability was significantly decreased after exposure to nmda (200 μm) for 40 min. pretreatment of fmnt (10 μm) for 12 h significantly attenuated the cell loss induce ...201323362211
factors affecting the separation and bioactivity of red clover (trifolium pratense) extracts assayed against clostridium sticklandii, a ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacterium.red clover (trifolium pratense) is rich in phenolic compounds. both the crude phenolic extract and biochanin a, an isoflavonoid component of the extract, suppress growth of clostridium sticklandii, a bovine, gram-positive, ruminal hyper-ammonia producing bacterium (hab). the purpose of this study was to determine if other components of red clover extract contributed to its anti-hab activity. extracts of the kenland cultivar of red clover, collected 0 h and 24 h after cutting, were separated by n ...201223413564
adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews.this overview of systematic reviews (srs) aims to evaluate critically the evidence regarding the adverse effects of herbal medicines (hms). five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant srs, with 50 srs of 50 different hms meeting our inclusion criteria. most had only minor weaknesses in methods. serious adverse effects were noted only for four hms: herbae pulvis standardisatus, larrea tridentate, piper methysticum and cassia senna. the most severe adverse effects were liver o ...201323472485
plants suppress their emission of volatiles when growing with conspecifics.plant volatiles mediate interactions with herbivores, herbivore enemies, and abiotic stresses, but these interactions mostly have been studied with individual isolated plants. it is not yet known how intra- and interspecific plant competition influence volatile emission. in a greenhouse experiment, we investigated the volatile emission by red clover (trifolium pratense) growing alone, with a conspecific, or with an individual of the naturally co-occurring orchard grass, dactylis glomerata. the i ...201323525954
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce growth and infect roots of the non-host plant arabidopsis thaliana.the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis is widespread throughout the plant kingdom and important for plant nutrition and ecosystem functioning. nonetheless, most terrestrial ecosystems also contain a considerable number of non-mycorrhizal plants. the interaction of such non-host plants with am fungi (amf) is still poorly understood. here, in three complementary experiments, we investigated whether the non-mycorrhizal plant arabidopsis thaliana, the model organism for plant molecular biology an ...201323527688
jumping-ship can have its costs: implications of predation and host plant species for the maintenance of pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum harris) colour polymorphism.the interplay between the host plant of an insect herbivore and an insect predator (here two-spot ladybird beetles; adalia bipunctata (l).; coleoptera: coccinellidae), feeding upon such a herbivore was examined in the laboratory as factors possibly determining the differential abundance and success of green and red host races of pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris. the experiment comprised three treatments: two host plants (bean and clover), two treatment levels (control and predation) and thr ...201323601915
the acceptability of meadow plants to the slug deroceras reticulatum and implications for grassland restoration.despite the selective pressure slugs may exert on seedling recruitment there is a lack of information in this context within grassland restoration studies. selective grazing is influenced by interspecific differences in acceptability. as part of a larger study of how slug-seedling interactions may influence upland hay meadow restoration, an assessment of relative acceptability is made for seedlings of meadow plants to the slug, deroceras reticulatum.201323632124
a review of metal (pb and zn) sensitive and ph tolerant bioassay organisms for risk screening of metal-contaminated acidic soils.to improve risk estimates at the screening stage of ecological risk assessment (era), short duration bioassays tailored to undisturbed soil cores from the contaminated site could be useful. however, existing standardized bioassays use disturbed soil samples and often ph sensitive organisms. this is a problem as naturally acidic soils are widespread. changing soil properties to suit the test organism may change metal bioavailability, leading to erroneous risk estimates. for bioassays in undisturb ...201323688951
indirect effects on mutualisms: parasitism of bumble bees and pollination service to plants.researchers increasingly recognize the important role of mutualisms in structuring communities and view positive interactions in a community context rather than as simple pairwise interactions. indirect effects, such as those that predators have on lower trophic levels, are a key process in community ecology. however, such top-down indirect effects have rarely been extended to mutualisms. antagonists of one mutualist have the potential to negatively affect the second mutualist through negative e ...201323691664
phytotoxic allelochemicals from roots and root exudates of trifolium pratense.trifolium pratense, a widespread legume forage plant, is reported to exhibit phytotoxic activity on other plants, but the active metabolites have not been clarified so far. a bioassay-guided fractionation of the root extracts led to the isolation of five isoflavonoids, which were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. all of the purified compounds observably showed phytotoxic activities against arabidopsis thaliana . moreover, the inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent. the furan ring li ...201323738849
effect of formononetin on mechanical properties and chemical composition of bones in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.formononetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which can be found in low concentrations in many dietary products, but the greatest sources of this substance are astragalus membranaceus, trifolium pratense, glycyrrhiza glabra, and pueraria lobata, which all belong to fabaceae family. due to its structural similarity to 17 β -estradiol, it can mimic estradiol's effect and therefore is considered as a "phytoestrogen." the aim of this study was to examine the effect of formononetin on mechanical ...201323762138
antioxidant and photosystem ii responses contribute to explain the drought-heat contrasting tolerance of two forage legumes.identification of metabolic targets of environmental stress factors is critical to improve the stress tolerance of plants. studying the biochemical and physiological responses of plants with different capacities to deal with stress is a valid approach to reach this objective. lotus corniculatus (lotus) and trifolium pratense (clover) are legumes with contrasting summer stress tolerances. in stress conditions, which are defined as drought, heat or a combination of both, we found that differential ...201323792824
the diversity of rhizobia, sinorhizobia and novel non-rhizobial paenibacillus nodulating wild herbaceous legumes.the objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize nodulating bacteria associated with wild legumes. for this purpose, we recovered twenty isolates from root nodules of five wild legume species: melilotus alles, melilotus officinalis, trifolium pratense, trifolium repens and medicago sp. most of the isolates were morphologically analogous with only few exceptions in colony shape, appearance and incubation time. all isolates were gram negative except t.p2-4. random amplification o ...201323896976
design and application of an in vivo reporter assay for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) is an important enzyme that links primary metabolism to secondary metabolism. its efficiency is often a critical factor that affects the overall flux of a related metabolic pathway, the titer of the final products, and the efficacy of pal-based therapies. thus, pal is a common target for metabolic engineering, and it is of significant interest to screen efficient pals for industrial and medical applications. in this study, a novel and efficient visible reporter ...201323907258
investigation of the use of honey bees and honey bee products to assess heavy metals contamination.experiment was carried out using 12 colonies of honey bees bred in hives located near an extraurban crossroad. we analyzed the pb, cd and zn deposited on the bee's surfaces and the heavy metal accumulation in the foragers, dead bees, honey products and some environmental markers during nine weeks of the experiment. results showed a large amount of zn and cd on the bee's surface as a consequence of atmospheric fallout, whereas pb seems to be either water-extractable and/or likely accumulated in t ...199624193729
in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance in red clover.in vitro, selection is a viable method of selecting herbicide-tolerant crops. this research was to evaluate in vitro selection techniques for enhancing 2,4-d [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] tolerance in red clover (trifolium pratense l.). in vivo and in vitro responses to 2,4-d of eight diverse red clover populations were correlated (r=0.77), justifying in vitro selection for 2,4-d tolerance. suspension cultures of a red clover genotype capable of regeneration were plated onto agar-based nut ...198924227154
clonal propagation of trifolium pratense, t. resupinatum and t. subterraneum by direct somatic embryogenesis on cultured immature embryos.direct somatic embryogenesis on immature zygotic embryos in vitro has been confirmed for trifolium pratense and extended to t. resupinatum and t. subterraneum. for all species direct embryo cloning can be achieved on an appropriate basal medium supplemented with 1gl(-1) yeast extract and 0.05 mgl(-1) bap. basal medium/sucrose formulation, level of yeast extract and level of bap affected the nature of in vitro responses. in particular, for t. pratense and t. subterraneum lowering of the yeast ext ...198624248123
rhizobium leguminosarum genes required for expression and transfer of host specific nodulation.the contributions of various nod genes from rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae to host-specific nodulation have been assessed by transferring specific genes and groups of genes to r. leguminosarum bv. trifolii and testing the levels of nodulation on pisum sativum (peas) and vicia hirsuta. many of the nod genes are important in determination of host-specificity; the node gene plays a key (but not essential) role and the efficiency of transfer of host specific nodulation increased with addition ...198924272714
trifolium pratense l. as a potential natural antioxidant.the essential oils of three different growth stages of trifolium pratense l. (tp1, tp2 and tp3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. the highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample tp1, where terpenes such as β-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. the antioxidant activity was determined by f ...201424402202
allelopathic properties of α-terthienyl and phenylheptatriyne, naturally occurring compounds from species of asteraceae.alpha-terthienyl (α-t), a naturally occurring polyacetylene derivative from roots oftagetes erecta l., and phenylheptatriyne (pht), from leaves ofbidens pilosa l., were tested as possible allelopathic agents against four seedling species (asclepias syriaca l.,chenopodium album l.,phleum pratense l.,trifolium pratense l.).asclepias was the most sensitive of the species. allelopathic activity was enhanced in the presence of sunlight or sources of near-uv, with lc50s fora. syriaca of 0.15 ppm and 0 ...198224415251
volatile constituents of trifolium pratense spp. nivale quantified at different growth stages, and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity.the composition of the volatile fraction of trifolium pratense l. ssp. nivale (sieber) asch. et gr. from the southwestern alps was investigated. fresh aerial parts were collected in the summer at three different growth stages, namely vegetative, flowering and fruiting. the oils obtained by steam-distillation accounted for 0.006 to 0.011% of the fresh plant material and their composition was determined by gc/fid and gc/ms. several classes of compounds were found, with a predominance of alcohols i ...201324427957
forage fiber effects on particle size reduction, ruminal stratification, and selective retention in heifers fed highly digestible grass/clover silages.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ndf content in highly digestible grass/clover silage on particle size reduction, ruminal stratification, and selective retention in dairy heifers. the reduction in particle size from feed to feces was evaluated and related to feed intake, chewing activity, and apparent digestibility. four grass/clover harvests (mixtures of lolium perenne, trifolium pratense, and trifolium repens) were performed from early may to late august at differen ...201424671592
thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) separations and bioassays of plant extracts to identify antimicrobial compounds.a common screen for plant antimicrobial compounds consists of separating plant extracts by paper or thin-layer chromatography (pc or tlc), exposing the chromatograms to microbial suspensions (e.g. fungi or bacteria in broth or agar), allowing time for the microbes to grow in a humid environment, and visualizing zones with no microbial growth. the effectiveness of this screening method, known as bioautography, depends on both the quality of the chromatographic separation and the care taken with m ...201424747583
the impact of using alternative forages on the nutrient value within slurry and its implications for forage productivity in agricultural systems.alternative forages can be used to provide valuable home-grown feed for ruminant livestock. utilising these different forages could affect the manure value and the implications of incorporating these forages into farming systems, needs to be better understood. an experiment tested the hypothesis that applying slurries from ruminants, fed ensiled red clover (trifolium pratense), lucerne (medicago sativa) or kale (brassica oleracea) would improve the yield of hybrid ryegrass (lolium hybridicum), c ...201424830777
isolation, plant colonization potential, and phenanthrene degradation performance of the endophytic bacterium pseudomonas sp. ph6-gfp.this investigation provides a novel method of endophyte-aided removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from plant bodies. a phenanthrene-degrading endophytic bacterium pseudomonas sp. ph6 was isolated from clover (trifolium pratense l.) grown in a pah-contaminated site. after being marked with the gfp gene, the colonization and distribution of strain ph6-gfp was directly visualized in plant roots, stems, and leaves for the first time. after ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) roots inoc ...201424964867
formononetin inhibits migration and invasion of mda-mb-231 and 4t1 breast cancer cells by suppressing mmp-2 and mmp-9 through pi3k/akt signaling pathways.formononetin is a naturally existing isoflavone, which can be found in the roots of astragalus membranaceus, trifolium pratense, glycyrrhiza glabra, and pueraria lobata. it was found to be associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, as well as induction of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. however, the effect of formononetin on breast cancer cell metastasis remains unclear. in this study, we examined the effect of formononetin on the migration and invasion ...201424977660
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