Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular analysis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates from south africa. | the presence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in south africa has been confirmed by several serological surveys. however, little is known about its biological properties. twenty five isolates obtained by isolation in tissue culture and detected by means of the antigen capture elisa from clinically sick cattle and from foetal calf serum in south africa were characterized on the basis of analysis of the 5' non-translated (ntr) region of the genome. a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction ... | 2003 | 14971730 |
| effect on hematopoietic tissue of experimental infection of calves with noncytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus. | to investigate the hematologic abnormalities observed with noncytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv-2), calves 6 to 8 mo old were inoculated with an isolate of either high virulence (hv24515) or low virulence (lv11q); control animals received the same volume of uninfected cell-culture supernatant. peripheral blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts decreased in all the virus-inoculated calves but were significantly lower and remained decreased longer in the calves given ... | 2004 | 14979434 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2-induced meningoencephalitis in a heifer. | the brain from a 15-month-old, black female angus, with a 48-hour history of central nervous system disease, was submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory. microscopic findings consisted of acute, multifocal meningoencephalitis, with neuronal degeneration and necrosis and gliosis. viral isolation yielded noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). virus genotyping classified the virus as bvdv type 2. immunohistochemical labeling for bvdv antigens with bvd mab 3.12f1 cl ... | 2004 | 15017036 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 is classified into different subgenotypes depending on the analyzed region within the viral genome. | phylogenetic analyses of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were performed based on the nucleotide sequences of the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) and e2-coding gene. thirty-six bvdv detected from naturally infected cattle in the northern region of japan were divided into three genotypes, bvdv1a, bvdv1b and bvdv2, in a 5'-utr phylogenetic tree. in a phylogenetic tree constructed from the e2-coding gene, bvdv1c was identified and the viruses classified in bvdv1c were included in bvdv1a in the 5' ... | 2004 | 15019104 |
| effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on fertility of dairy heifers. | a prospective field study in heifers from birth to first breeding was undertaken on two commercial dairies to assess the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) congenital and post-natal infection (pni) on fertility. a high bvdv type 2 antibody titer (1:4096) at 10 months of age was associated with 32 more days to conceive, compared with a low titer (1:128). conversely, infection with bvdv by 5-6 months of age and high bvdv type 2 titers 1 month before conception or breeding was associated ... | 2004 | 15036997 |
| genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: most slovenian isolates are of genotypes 1d and 1f. | a selection of 43 bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from mainly persistently infected cattle on 23 slovenian farms between 1997 and 2001 were characterised genetically. viral rna was extracted from infected cell cultures, reverse transcribed and amplified by pcr with primers targeting the 5'-utr and the n(pro) gene, followed by direct sequencing of purified pcr products obtained for both genomic regions. the n(pro) sequences provided the best genetic resolution, and gave also higher statis ... | 2004 | 15066720 |
| genetic variety of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 strains isolated from sheep. | bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains, isolated from sheep showing clinical symptoms of border disease, have been evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitution (pns) method at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of genomic rna. the characteristic two base-pairings common to the bvdv-2 species, a c-g pairing which was common to the v1 locus, and a g*u pairing common to the v2 locus, were observed in all tested strains. strains bd-78 and c413 ... | 2004 | 15107567 |
| attenuation of a virulent type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the purpose of this study was to produce an attenuated bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 2 strain as a tool for identifying potential virulence markers in the bvdv2 genome. the attenuation of the virulent strain, bvdv2-24515, was accomplished by in vivo and in vitro passage. the strain was initially used to infect an elk (cervus elaphus) [j. wildl. dis. 35 (1999) 671], re-isolated at 7 days post-inoculation from serum, and then subsequently passaged 56 times in cell culture. two groups of ... | 2004 | 15145494 |
| characterisation of a type 2 bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolated from cattle in the uk. | two genotypes of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) are recognised. type 2 was first recognised when virulent strains caused significant losses among cattle in north america. subsequently, bvdv type 2 has been found in many other countries, but recent studies have shown that only type 1 bvdv is circulating in the uk herds (sheep and cattle) with type 1a predominating. during routine genotyping of uk bvdv isolates, a type 2 isolate was identified. phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-untranslated reg ... | 2004 | 15288923 |
| genetic diversity of international bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates: identification of a new bvdv-1 genetic group. | in the last decade, several studies were performed to characterise bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates and define genetic groups by genotyping. much data is now available from genbank, predominantly sequences from the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr). in order to find out whether genetic grouping of isolates from different countries could be harmonised, 22 new isolates from five countries were analysed in combination with published sequences. eighteen of these isolates were typed as bvdv ... | 2004 | 15369663 |
| homologous recombination in bovine pestiviruses. phylogenetic and statistic evidence. | bovine pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrea virus 1 (bvdv 1) and bovine viral diarrea virus 2 (bvdv 2)) belong to the genus pestivirus (flaviviridae), which is composed of positive stranded rna viruses causing significant economic losses world-wide. we used phylogenetic and bootstrap analyses to systematically scan alignments of previously sequenced genomes in order to explore further the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for variation in the virus. previously published data suggested that homol ... | 2004 | 15374531 |
| distribution of viral antigen and tissue lesions in persistent and acute infection with the homologous strain of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | viral distribution and lesions were compared between calves born with persistent infection (pi) and calves acutely infected with the same bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate. two pi calves from 1 dairy herd were necropsied. the pi viruses from these calves were isolated, characterized by sequencing, and found to be identical. this virus strain, designated bvdv2-rs886, was characterized as a noncytopathic (ncp) type 2 bvdv. to establish acute infections, bvdv2-rs886 was used to inoculate c ... | 2004 | 15460320 |
| retrospective genome analysis of a live vaccine strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a live bovine viral diarrhea (bvdv) vaccine, marketed as a derivate of the oregon c24v strain, was used between the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1990s in central europe. since laboratory investigations of mucosal disease cases in vaccinated animals suggested recombinations between the vaccine and wild type variants of bvdv, and recombinational nucleotide sequences seemed distinct from bvdv oregon c24v, the aim of the present retrospective study was to analyze the genomes of pre-regi ... | 2005 | 15610726 |
| in vitro and in vivo translational efficiencies of the 5' untranslated region from eight genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus field isolates. | we determined the in vitro and in vivo translational efficiency mediated by the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) from eight bvdv2 field isolates varying in virulence using a bicistronic reporter vector in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (rrl), and in primate and bovine cell lines. using a t7-promoter system, the high virulence isolates had greater translational efficiencies in bovine lymphocytes (bl-3 cells), than did the low virulence isolates. the low virulence isolates translated with greater ... | 2005 | 15629777 |
| evaluation of fetal protection against experimental infection with type 1 and type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus after vaccination of the dam with a bivalent modified-live virus vaccine. | to evaluate the efficacy of a modified-live virus (mlv) combination vaccine containing type 1 and type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in providing fetal protection against challenge with heterologous type 1 and type 2 bvdv. | 2004 | 15643841 |
| genetic and clinical analyses of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from dairy operations in the united states of america. | to assess the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) on the basis of the genotype and clinical signs, isolates from 16 dairy herds (bulk milk samples) and 37 bvdv-infected cattle were examined. isolates for this study were selected from submissions that contained an adequate clinical history. a part of the e2 gene of bvdv from these isolates was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. from the nucleotide sequence of the amplified products, phylogenetic analyses we ... | 2005 | 15690945 |
| bvd virus type 2 in british cattle. | 2005 | 15751574 | |
| viral antigen distribution in the respiratory tract of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 2a. | tissues were obtained at necropsy from the nasal vestibule, turbinates, nasopharynx, trachea, tracheobronchial bifurcation, and lung from each of 10 clinically healthy calves persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) serotype 2a. tissues from the nasal vestibule were obtained by biopsy from five additional pi calves. formalin-fixed tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry to localize the distribution of bvdv throughout the respiratory tract. antigen distribution a ... | 2005 | 15753473 |
| cytopathogenicity markers in the genome of hungarian cytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | since genetic recombination is a major factor in the evolution of the cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) biotypes, in this study the cytopathogenicity markers were investigated in the genomes of two cp bvdv strains recently isolated from mucosal disease (md) cases in hungary. in the genome of strain h4956, a jiv-like insertion was found similar to those described in reference strain nadl and in other bvdv 1, bvdv 2 and border disease virus (bdv) strains. the 133 amino acid j ... | 2005 | 15782665 |
| serological status for n. caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus at pregnancy testing and reproductive performance in beef herds. | neospora caninum, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are important differentials for the diagnosis of infectious reproductive loss in beef herds. the objective of this study was to describe the serological status of both pregnant and non-pregnant beef cows from herds with varying levels of reproductive success. the study provided an opportunity to examine whether there were any associations between serological status for bvdv, ibr, and n. caninum and ... | 2005 | 15893892 |
| immunogenicity of a bovine viral diarrhea virus e2-c3d fusion protein containing a bovine homolog of c3d. | recently we demonstrated that attachment of three copies of murine c3d (muc3d) to the e2 envelope protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus results in a 10,000-fold increase in the immunogenicity of e2. here we describe the cloning of the bovine homolog of c3d (boc3d), construction of an e2-boc3d expression cassette and expression and purification of the e2-boc3d fusion protein. we then show that e2, when coupled to boc3d, exhibits greatly enhanced immunogenicity. thus, boc3d represents the second ... | 2005 | 15978284 |
| point mutations in an infectious bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2 cdna transcript that yields an attenuated and protective viral progeny. | an infectious cdna clone of the hypervirulent bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain 890 (isolate 256) was produced by a streamlined pcr procedure. as compared to the published sequence of strain 890, the nucleotide sequencing of cloned cdna corresponding to isolate 256 revealed several mutations seven of which were attributed to the cloning procedure. the infectious transcript was transfected into permissive cells and led to viral multiplication (avrii+ strain). in vitro, viral titres reach ... | 2005 | 16005739 |
| genetic typing of pestiviruses from new zealand. | to investigate the genetic type of 20 pestiviruses collected from new zealand over the period 1967-97. | 1998 | 16032008 |
| genetic characterization of a caprine pestivirus as the first member of a putative novel pestivirus subgroup. | currently, the genus pestivirus comprises four approved species, namely bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus and border disease virus (bdv). recently, three major genotypes have been identified within the species bdv and termed as subgroups bdv-1, bdv-2 and bdv-3. here, an isolate from animals in a herd showing bd-like syndromes, which occurred in central italy was analysed. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed using prim ... | 2005 | 16115092 |
| immunization with plasmid dna encoding a truncated, secreted form of the bovine viral diarrhea virus e2 protein elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses. | the major protective antigen of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the e2 protein, is cell-associated and not expressed on the cell surface. in this study we evaluated a dna vaccine encoding various secreted versions of e2. in vitro analysis demonstrated that deletion of the transmembrane anchor and addition of the signal sequence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (gdsdeltae2) resulted in efficient secretion of e2 into the culture medium. in contrast, full-length e2, either without or with gds (g ... | 2005 | 16154245 |
| implementation of two-step vaccination in the control of bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd). | bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) control/eradication programmes based on the test and removal of persistently infected cattle without use of vaccination were first introduced by the scandinavian countries in the early 1990s. within the last 10 years the programmes have proven to be very successful and have served as a blueprint for several other european regions. however, in areas with high cattle densities, intense animal trade and high bvd prevalence this control approach is risky, because there i ... | 2005 | 16169620 |
| practical significance of heterogeneity among bvdv strains: impact of biotype and genotype on u.s. control programs. | in the early 1990s research groups in north america noted that a newly recognized severe acute form of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection, referred to as hemorrhagic syndrome or severe acute bvdv (sa bvdv), was associated with a genetically distinct subgroup of bvdv strains. this new subgroup was named bvdv genotype 2 or bvdv2. all bvdv strains previously characterized in the literature belonged to a separate genotype, bvdv1. however, not all strains identified as bvdv2 were associated with s ... | 2005 | 16183156 |
| transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b to susceptible and vaccinated calves by exposure to persistently infected calves. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) persistently infected (pi) calves represent significant sources of infection to susceptible cattle. the objectives of this study were to determine if pi calves transmitted infection to vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, to determine if bvdv vaccine strains could be differentiated from the pi field strains by subtyping molecular techniques, and if there were different rates of recovery from peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) versus serums for acutely infected ca ... | 2005 | 16187545 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) subgenotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: distribution of bvdv1a, 1b, and 2a subgenotypes. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) biotypes and subgenotypes was determined from 131 bvdv positive samples from a diagnostic laboratory. the majority of the isolates were from oklahoma; however, other states including kansas, texas, and arkansas were represented. these bvdv samples were from submissions of 76 live animals and 55 necropsy samples. there were 131 bvdv samples represented by 117 noncytopathic (ncp), 11 cytopathic (cp) and 3 cases with mixed ncp and cp biotypes. t ... | 2005 | 16263224 |
| platelet function and association of bovine viral diarrhea virus with platelets of persistently infected cattle. | to determine whether viral involvement with platelets obtained from cattle persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is associated with altered platelet function or decreased platelet counts. | 2005 | 16273905 |
| fifth outbreak of disease associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 2. | 2005 | 16284327 | |
| development of a real time rt-pcr to detect and type ovine pestiviruses. | a real time one-step rt-pcr was designed to detect and type border disease virus (bdv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 and bvdv type 2 in ovine samples. the real time rt-pcr was shown to behave in a linear manner and had limits of detection of 100-1000 copies of viral rna as judged by in vitro transcribed rna. the real time rt-pcr was validated on 50 clinical samples from uk flocks and was more sensitive than a virus isolation and a classical nested rt-pcr (nrt-pcr). the results of re ... | 2006 | 16309752 |
| effects of delayed or prolonged fixation on immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus type i in skin of two persistently infected calves. | the effects of delayed or prolonged fixation on immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antigen were evaluated in skin. ear-notch specimens from 2 calves persistently infected with bvdv type 1 were handled in 1 of 3 ways: 1) fixed in formalin promptly and processed for immunohistochemistry (ihc) after 3-176 days; 2) held at 3-4degreesc in plastic bags up to 10 days, then fixed in formalin for 2-5 days before processing; or 3) exposed to room air and temperature for 1- ... | 2005 | 16312238 |
| lymphocytopathogenic activity in vitro correlates with high virulence in vivo for bvdv type 2 strains: criteria for a third biotype of bvdv. | two biotypes of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv), cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp), are recognized based on their activity in cultured epithelial cells. biotype does not correlate to virulence in acute infections as bvdv strains associated with severe acute bvd outbreaks are all noncytopathic based on their growth characteristics in cultured epithelial cells. previous studies have shown that acute infections with highly virulent bvdv result in depletion of cells in lymphoid tissues. i ... | 2006 | 16384618 |
| multiple outbreaks of severe acute bvdv in north america occurring between 1993 and 1995 linked to the same bvdv2 strain. | the first reported outbreak of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) in 1946 described a transmissible acute disease characterized by severe leukopenia, high fever, gastrointestinal erosions and hemorrhages. however, in the ensuing years, the most commonly observed acute form of bvd was clinically mild. there was limited viral shed and spread following these acute infections. this led to the assumptions that acute infections with bvd viruses (bvdv) were clinically unimportant, spread of the virus within a ... | 2006 | 16384664 |
| phylogenetic analysis of portuguese bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in dairy and beef cattle. to date, little is know about bvdv genotypes circulating in portugal. for this purpose, a fragment within the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) from 34 portuguese field strains of bvdv was amplified by rt-pcr, cloned and sequenced. a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of viruses, originated from cattle from different regions of the country, b ... | 2006 | 16443302 |
| oesophagoscopy and detection of viral nucleic acids in oesophageal biopsies--a contribution to bvdv diagnosis. | the endoscopic appearance of the oesophagus of animals infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) but without signs of acute mucosal disease (md) was investigated for any common or 'early warning' lesions. thirty-seven bvdv-infected animals [36 persistently infected (pi) and one transiently infected] were examined clinically and endoscopically for typical erosions of the oronasal and oesophageal mucosa, respectively. during oesophagoscopy, mucosal biopsies were taken and tested for pestiv ... | 2006 | 16460350 |
| prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses in goats in austria. | serological investigations were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in goats in austria, and to investigate the possible relations to herd management practices. the prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated in 549 goats in 80 flocks from four regions of austria. the examination for antibodies was performed using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting antibodies to the border disease virus (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). ... | 2006 | 16460357 |
| evaluation of diagnostic tests used for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus and prevalence of subtypes 1a, 1b, and 2a in persistently infected cattle entering a feedlot. | to evaluate diagnostic tests used for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and determine the prevalence of bvdv subtypes 1a, 1b, and 2a in persistently infected (pi) cattle entering a feedlot. | 2006 | 16478438 |
| effects of noncytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus on the proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isolates of noncytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpbvdv-2) of high and low virulence on the proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells. holstein calves 6 to 7 mo old and bvdv-naïve were inoculated intranasally with a bvdv isolate of high virulence (hv24515), a bvdv isolate of low virulence (lv11q), or uninfected cell culture medium. serial bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected before and after inoculat ... | 2006 | 16548328 |
| [seroprevalence of antibodies to ruminant pestiviruses in sheep and goats in tyrol (austria)]. | in this study 2058 blood samples from sheep of 150 flocks from the province of tyrol were tested by elisa and serum neutralisation tests for antibodies to ruminant pestiviruses. in the elisa, positive results were obtained with 34.9% of individual sheep sera and in 89.3% of the sheep flocks. the prevalence in sheep and sheep flocks varied according to areas. seroprevalence of pestiviruses was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in small ruminants pastured during summertime on the alps. comparative n ... | 2006 | 16555484 |
| molecular characterization of pestiviruses isolated from bovines in chile. | thirty-three pestiviruses isolated from bovines on different farms in chile were characterized at the molecular level. the 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) of the isolates was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and subsequently digested with restriction enzymes (re) bgl i, xho i and pst i. furthermore, the isolates were amplified by differential rt-pcr, which selectively amplified bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (bvdv-2) but not bovine viral diarrhea virus typ ... | 2006 | 16563664 |
| function of bovine cd46 as a cellular receptor for bovine viral diarrhea virus is determined by complement control protein 1. | the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was shown to bind to the bovine cd46 molecule, which subsequently promotes entry of the virus. to assess the receptor usage of bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1) and bvdv-2, 30 bvdv isolates including clinical samples were assayed for their sensitivity to anti-cd46 antibodies. with a single exception the infectivity of all tested strains of bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 was inhibited by anti-cd46 antibodies, which indicates the general usage of cd46 as a bvdv receptor. mo ... | 2006 | 16571808 |
| protection against fetal infection with either bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 or type 2 using a noncytopathic type 1 modified-live virus vaccine. | two bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) fetal protection studies were done using a monovalent noncytopathic (ncp) bvdv vaccine containing type 1 bvdv. in study 1, thirty-two fetuses (23 vaccinates and nine controls) were recovered following fetal challenge with the type 1a bj strain. twenty of twenty-three fetuses from the vaccinates were negative for bvdv type 1 while all of the controls (nine of nine) were infected. in study 2, twenty-two animals (14 vaccinates and eight controls) were challeng ... | 2006 | 16598681 |
| challenge with bovine viral diarrhea virus by exposure to persistently infected calves: protection by vaccination and negative results of antigen testing in nonvaccinated acutely infected calves. | calves persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) represent an important source of infection for susceptible cattle. we evaluated vaccine efficacy using calves pi with noncytopathic bvdv2a for the challenge and compared tests to detect bvdv in acutely or transiently infected calves versus pi calves. vaccination with 2 doses of modified live virus vaccine containing bvdv1a and bvdv2a protected the calves exposed to the pi calves: neither viremia nor nasal shedding occurred ... | 2006 | 16639944 |
| effects of modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines containing either type 1 or types 1 and 2 bvdv on heifers and their offspring after challenge with noncytopathic type 2 bvdv during gestation. | to compare the efficacy of modified-live virus (mlv) vaccines containing either type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) or types 1 and 2 bvdv in protecting heifers and their offspring against infection associated with heterologous noncytopathic type 2 bvdv challenge during gestation. | 2006 | 16677126 |
| a one-step multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detection and typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | a one-step multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using smartcycler technology and taqman probes was developed for detection and typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv). common primers and type-specific (bvdv1 and bvdv2) taqman probes were designed in the 5'-untranslated region of the viral genome. the real-time assay was able to detect 10-100 tcid50 of virus, with correlation coefficient (r2) values of 0.998 and 0.999 for bvdv1 and bvdv2, respectivel ... | 2006 | 16687219 |
| a multiplex dna suspension microarray for simultaneous detection and differentiation of classical swine fever virus and other pestiviruses. | an oligonucleotide suspension microarray (luminex microsphere system) was developed for detection and differentiation of animal pestiviruses: classical swine fever virus (csfv), bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2), and border disease virus (bdv). species-specific and pestivirus-common oligonucleotide probes were designed to the 5' utr region and conjugated to individual color-coded luminex carboxy beads (probe beads). target pestivirus sequences were amplified by asymmetr ... | 2006 | 16690139 |
| [seroepidemiological survey of sheep in carinthia for the dissemination of ruminant pestiviruses]. | in this study serological investigations were performed to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in sheep in one federal state of austria, namely carinthia. 1527 blood samples from sheep in 147 flocks were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus-neutralisation tests for antibodies to ruminant pestiviruses. the estimated flock prevalence was 47.6%, the individual prevalence 16.3%. significant geographical variations in the flock as well in the individual pr ... | 2006 | 16729466 |
| evaluation of protection against virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in calves that had maternal antibodies and were vaccinated with a modified-live vaccine. | to evaluate the efficacy of an adjuvanted modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccine against challenge with a virulent type 2 bvdv strain in calves with or without maternal antibodies against the virus. | 2006 | 16740078 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in korean native goat (capra hircus). | in the genus pestivirus, four genetically distinct viral species are currently recognized: bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). bvdv-1 and bdv infections have been described in goat species. since 1998, border disease (bd) like symptoms in goats have been reported repeatedly in two southern-most provinces of korea, which until then had been regarded as being free from bd. as a result of retrospective inves ... | 2006 | 16766076 |
| induction of antigen-specific t-cell subset activation to bovine respiratory disease viruses by a modified-live virus vaccine. | to determine the efficacy of a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), parainfluenza virus 3, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2 to induce neutralizing antibodies and cell-mediated immunity in naïve cattle and protect against bhv-1 challenge. | 2006 | 16817740 |
| genetic variability of bovine viral diarrhoea virus subtypes at 3'-nontranslated region. | ten isolates belonging to different bvdv-1 subtypes and three bvdv-2 isolates were studied in 3'-nontranslated region (3'-ntr) by sequencing of pcr products and comparative computer-assisted nucleotide sequence analysis. the alignment of nucleotide sequences revealed that all bvdv-1 isolates except bvdv-1a isolates represented by nadl strain were characterised with a deletion of 38 nucleotides in the variable region located after the stop codon. for all bvdv-1 subtypes, a constant region at the ... | 2007 | 16917738 |
| incidence of bvdv1 and bvdv2 infections in cattle submitted for necropsy in northern germany. | the incidence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) 1 and 2 infections was determined in calves, young cattle and older cattle with signs of mucosal disease (md) submitted for necropsy to three laboratories in northern germany between june 2000 and may 2001. at necropsy, tonsils, retropharyngeal lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph nodes, ileal peyer's patch and spleen were collected and examined by immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. from 311 animals examined, 30 (9.6%) were positive for bvdv. ... | 2006 | 17010039 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a modified-live combination vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 challenge exposures in a one-year duration-of-immunity fetal protection study. | this study demonstrated that the modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 and 2 fractions of a multivalent vaccine protected pregnant heifers and their fetuses against virulent bvdv types 1 and 2 challenge exposures at 370 days after vaccination. all bvdv vaccinated heifers inoculated with either bvdv type 1 or 2 at approximately 62 to 94 days of gestation delivered fetuses or calves that were negative for bvdv by ear-notch immunohistochemistry and virus isolation and serum neutra ... | 2006 | 17039451 |
| fetal protection following exposure to calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 sixteen months after primary vaccination of the dams. | this study demonstrated that the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv; types 1 and 2) fractions of a multivalent vaccine protected pregnant heifers and their fetuses at 149 to 217 days of gestation against exposure to calves persistently infected with bvdv type 2a. eighty percent (eight of 10) of the control heifers were viremic at least 1 day following challenge, whereas all (20 of 20) bvdv-vaccinated heifers were virus isolation-negative on all postchallenge assessment days. ninety percent (nine ... | 2006 | 17039452 |
| use of a modified-live vaccine to prevent persistent testicular infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a commercial vaccine containing modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv; types 1 and 2) was administered to one group of 22 peripubertal bulls 28 days before intranasal inoculation with a type 1 strain of bvdv. a second group of 23 peripubertal bulls did not receive the modified-live bvdv vaccine before intranasal inoculation. ten of 23 unvaccinated bulls--but none of the vaccinated bulls--developed a persistent testicular infection as determined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase ch ... | 2006 | 17039453 |
| seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, neospora caninum, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection among dairy cattle and herds in alberta and agroecological risk factors associated with seropositivity. | a province-wide, cross-sectional seroprevalence and agroecological risk factor study of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), neospora caninum (nc), bovine leukemia virus (blv), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genotypes 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2) infection in dairy cattle herds in alberta was conducted. among adults, the seroprevalence of map, nc, and blv was 9.1%, 18.5%, and 26.9%, respectively. for map, based on a herd test cutpoint of 2 or more seropositive cows, 58.8% ... | 2006 | 17078247 |
| the prevalent genotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus in japan, germany and the united states of america. | genotypes and subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) field isolates from japan, germany and the united states of america (usa) were identified, and the prevalent pattern of bvdv in individual countries was estimated genetically. subgenotypes were determined based on phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences of a part of the e2-coding gene of bvdv. forty-five, 61 and 56 bvdv strains were isolated from naturally infected cattle in japan, germany and usa, respectively, between 1980 ... | 2006 | 17201198 |
| impairment of innate immune responses of airway epithelium by infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection is an important risk factor for development of shipping fever pneumonia in feedlot cattle, and infects but does not cause morphologic evidence of damage to airway epithelial cells. we hypothesized that bvdv predisposes to bacterial pneumonia by impairing innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. primary cultures of bovine tracheal epithelial cells were infected with bvdv for 48 h, then stimulated with lps for 16 h. expression of tracheal ant ... | 2007 | 17306889 |
| experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections cause substantial economic losses to the cattle industries. persistently infected (pi) cattle are the most important reservoir for bvdv. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are the most abundant species of wild ruminants in the united states and contact between cattle and deer is common. if the outcome of fetal infection of white-tailed deer is similar to cattle, pi white-tailed deer may pose a threat to bvdv control programs. the objective of ... | 2007 | 17353103 |
| antiviral profiles of novel iminocyclitol compounds against bovine viral diarrhea virus, west nile virus, dengue virus and hepatitis b virus. | the antiviral activity of iminocyclitol compounds with a deoxynojirimycin (dnj) head group and either a straight chain alkyl or alkylcycloalkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom have been tested in vitro against multiple-enveloped viruses. several of these analogues were superior to previously reported dnj compounds. iminocyclitols that inhibit the glycan-processing enzyme endoplasmic-reticular glucosidase have been shown to inhibit the morphogenesis of viruses that bud from the endoplasmic re ... | 2007 | 17354651 |
| activation of cell signaling pathways is dependant on the biotype of bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 2. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. besides the segregation into two distinct species (bvdv1/bvdv2) two different biotypes, a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype, are distinguished based on their behavior in epithelial cell cultures. one of the most serious forms of bvdv infection affecting immunocompetent animals of all ages is severe acute bvd (sa bvd) which is cau ... | 2007 | 17376555 |
| onset of protection from experimental infection with type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus following vaccination with a modified-live vaccine. | the onset of protection after the administration of a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccine was determined. protection was determined following experimental infection with a virulent type-2 bvdv (strain 1373) in cattle vaccinated 3, 5, or 7 days before bvdv infection. protection, as measured by reduced virus shedding, lack of leukopenia, reduction in viremia, and reduced mortality, was present as early as 3 days after vaccination with a single dose of modified-live bvdv vaccin ... | 2007 | 17447228 |
| failure to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus in necropsied farm-raised white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in pennsylvania. | between january 1 and december 31, 2005 gross and histologic examinations were performed on carcasses of 61 farm-raised white-tailed deer originating from pennsylvania. single-tube real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time rt-pcr) for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) and type 2 (bvdv-2) was performed on each animal. virus isolation was performed on tissue samples from 25 of 61 animals. immunohistochemical (ihc) staining of ear-notch skin to ... | 2007 | 17459862 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 isolated from indian goats (capra hircus). | recent studies have shown that bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 is widely prevalent in indian cattle. in a surveillance of randomly collected 562 blood samples from seven states during 2004-2006, bvdv type 2 was detected in two native indian goats by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr). the virus isolated from them was classified antigenically as bvdv 2 on the basis of virus neutralization test and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. phylogenetic analysis ... | 2007 | 17509780 |
| bvd virus type 2 infection and severe clinical disease in a dairy herd. | 2007 | 17513840 | |
| serological survey for antibodies against pestiviruses in sheep in austria. | the prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated in 4931 sheep, in 377 flocks, in four federal states of austria, by means of an indirect elisa that detected antibodies to border disease virus (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the mean flock prevalence was 62.9 per cent and the mean individual prevalence was 29.4 per cent. comparative neutralisation studies on the elisa-positive samples with bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1), bvdv type 2 (bvdv-2) and bdv recorded 336 samples with hi ... | 2007 | 17526894 |
| genetic and pathobiological characterization of bovine viral diarrhea viruses recently isolated from cattle in japan. | the 475 strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolated from cattle in 12 prefectures of japan in the last 7 years were phylogenetically classified as bvdv-1 or bvdv-2 on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-untranslated region. bvdv-1 strains were further subtyped as 1a (101 strains), 1b (163), 1c (128), 1j (3), and so cp/75-like (1), and all of the 79 bvdv-2 strains belonged to subtype 2a. these 2a bvdvs contain two isolates that had high nucleotide identities with those of hi ... | 2007 | 17551225 |
| occurrence of a second strain of bvdv-2 in the uk. | 2007 | 17558034 | |
| evidence for positive selection on the e2 gene of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1. | despite the growing interest in the molecular epidemiology of pestivirus, there have been few attempts to determine which regions of the pestivirus genome are subject to positive selection, although this may be a key indicator of the nature of the interaction between host and virus. by using likelihood-based methods for phylogenetic inference, the positive selection pressure of bvdv-1 e2 gene were assessed and a site-by-site analysis of the dn/ds ratio was performed, to identify specific codons ... | 2007 | 17566858 |
| compatibility of plasmids encoding bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 e2 in a single dna vaccine formulation. | type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, and currently the ratio of type 2 to type 1 strains in the usa approaches 50%. although there is cross-reactivity between bvdv type 1 and type 2 strains, bvdv1 vaccine strains poorly protect from type 2 infection, so vaccines against bvdv should contain antigens from both bvdv types. previously we demonstrated efficacy of a bvdv1 e2 dna vaccine, and in this study we optimized a bvdv2 e2 dna vaccine. furthermor ... | 2007 | 17597267 |
| characterization of protection against systemic infection and disease from experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 infection by use of a modified-live noncytopathic type 1 vaccine in calves. | to evaluate protection resulting from use of a modified-live noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 vaccine against systemic infection and clinical disease in calves challenged with type 2 bvdv. | 2007 | 17605616 |
| numerical taxonomy of the genus pestivirus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna have been considered for taxonomical segregation of species, through the evaluation of 430 genomic sequences. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, six species have been identified: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease ... | 2007 | 17719098 |
| sequence-optimised e2 constructs from bvdv-1b and bvdv-2 for dna immunisation in cattle. | we report dna immunisation experiments in cattle using plasmid constructs that encoded glycoprotein e2 from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-1 (e2.1) and bvdv-2 (e2.2). the coding sequences were optimised for efficient expression in mammalian cells. a modified leader peptide sequence from protein gd of bohv1 was inserted upstream of the e2 coding sequences for efficient membrane export of the proteins. recombinant e2 were efficiently expressed in cos7 cells and they presented the native viral ... | 2007 | 17727807 |
| genomic analyses of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated from cattle imported into japan between 1991 and 2005. | thirty-one isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolated within the past 15 years from imported cattle by the japanese animal quarantine service (aqs) were used in this study in which a 5'-untranslated region of each isolate was genetically analyzed. twenty-six of the 31 isolates were classified as bvdv1 and the remainder as bvdv2. phylogenetic analysis of the rt-pcr fragments amplified from the isolates showed the presence of viruses belonging to the bvdv1a, bvdv1b, bvdv1c, unclassifi ... | 2008 | 17881158 |
| epidemiological study of border disease virus infection in southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) after an outbreak of disease in the pyrenees (ne spain). | in 2001 and 2002, an outbreak of a previously unreported disease, associated with a border disease virus (bdv), caused high mortality in the southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) population in the alt pallars-aran national hunting reserve in the catalan pyrenees (ne spain). between 2002 and 2006, sera and/or tissue samples taken from 116 healthy chamois shot during the hunting season, plus 42 from chamois affected by different diseases, were studied. a blocking enzyme-immunosorbent assay (elisa ... | 2008 | 17881162 |
| reproductive safety of vaccination with vista 5 l5 sq near breeding time as determined by the effect on conception rates. | replacement heifers (n=799; 10 to 13 months of age) were vaccinated with vista 5 l5 sq (intervet; a reconstituted vaccine-bacterin product containing modified-live cultures of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [ibr] virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus [bvdv; types 1 and 2], parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus and inactivated cultures of leptospira serovars canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona with a proprietary adjuvant) at either 40 plus/minu ... | 2007 | 17926303 |
| effects of feeding heat-treated colostrum on passive transfer of immune and nutritional parameters in neonatal dairy calves. | the first objective of this study was to describe the effect of on-farm heat treatment of colostrum on colostral bacteria counts and igg concentrations. the second objective was to describe the effect of feeding heat-treated (vs. raw) colostrum on passive transfer of colostral immune and nutritional parameters in neonatal calves. pooled batches of colostrum were mixed and divided equally: one half was fed raw whereas the other half was fed after heat treatment at 60 degrees c for 60 min using a ... | 2007 | 17954759 |
| febrile response and decrease in circulating lymphocytes following acute infection of white-tailed deer fawns with either a bvdv1 or a bvdv2 strain. | although commonly associated with infection in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) also replicate in many domestic and wildlife species, including cervids. bovine viral diarrhea viruses have been isolated from a number of cervids, including mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), european roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and mouse deer (tragulus javanicus), but little information is available regarding clinical presentation ... | 2007 | 17984260 |
| acute non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus infection induces pronounced type i interferon response in pregnant cows and fetuses. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection occurs in the cattle population worldwide. non-cytopathic (ncp) bvdv strains cause transient infection (ti) or persistent infection (pi) depending on the host's immune status. immunocompetent adult animals and fetuses in late gestation resolve the infection. fetal infection in early gestation results in pi with chronic viremia and life-long viral shedding, ensuring virus perpetuation in the population. eighteen pregnant heifers, divided into three gro ... | 2008 | 18053605 |
| humoral and t cell-mediated immune responses to bivalent killed bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in beef cattle. | the objective of this research project was to evaluate the antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to a multivalent vaccine containing killed bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) types 1 and 2. twenty castrated male crossbred beef cattle (350-420kg body weight) seronegative to bvdv were randomly divided into two groups of 10 each. group 1 served as negative mock-vaccinated control. group 2 was vaccinated subcutaneously twice, 3 weeks apart, with modified live bovine herpesvirus 1, parainfluenz ... | 2008 | 18190971 |
| dna prime protein boost strategies protect cattle from bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 challenge. | at present, infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 2 occur nearly as frequently as those with bvdv type 1, so development of vaccines that protect cattle from both type 1 and type 2 bvdv has become critical. in this study, we compared various dna prime-protein boost vaccination strategies to protect cattle from challenge with bvdv-2 using the major protective antigen of bvdv, glycoprotein e2. calves were immunized with a plasmid encoding either type 1 e2 (e2.1) or type 2 e2 (e2. ... | 2008 | 18198376 |
| transplacental infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus types 1b and 2: viral spread and molecular neuropathology. | infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) represents a reproducible natural animal model in which to study mechanisms of transplacental viral infection. in the present study, bvdv-seronegative heifers were challenged intranasally with non-cytopathic bvdv of genotype 1b or 2. fetuses were retrieved by caesarean section 7-114 days post-challenge of the dam and subjected to virological, histopathological and immunohistochemistry(ihc) studies. gross and histopathological changes were only s ... | 2008 | 18295788 |
| outbreak of acute bovine viral diarrhea in brazilian beef cattle: clinicopathological findings and molecular characterization of a wild-type bvdv strain subtype 1b. | when first described in 1946, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) was characterized as an acute transmissible disease associated with severe leucopenia, high fever, depression, diarrhea, gastrointestinal erosions, and hemorrhages. recently the severe acute form has been related only to some hypervirulent bvdv-2 strains. this article reports the detection of bvdv-1b associated with an acute and fatal outbreak of bvd in a brazilian beef cattle herd. depression, anorexia, watery diarrhea, sialorrhea, and w ... | 2008 | 18295808 |
| molecular characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 isolate originating from a native indian sheep (ovies aries). | the wide spread prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) in cattle and recent identification of bvdv-2 in goats in india warranted pestivirus surveillance in sheep. nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to detect bvdv-2 in one of 1561 blood samples collected randomly from 78 sheep flocks in 11 states of india. antigenic characterization of the isolated pestivirus using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies typed the isolate as bvdv-2. when analy ... | 2008 | 18308487 |
| the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections on health and performance of feedlot cattle. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections (unapparent acute infections and persistent infections) on the overall health and performance of feedlot cattle. calves from 25 pens (7132 calves) were enrolled in the study. overall and infectious disease mortality rates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in pens categorized at arrival as positive for type i bvdv and lower in pens that were positive for type ii bvdv than in negative pens. mort ... | 2008 | 18390097 |
| simple procedures to obtain exogenous internal controls for use in rt-pcr detection of bovine pestiviruses. | pestiviruses are ubiquitous pathogens of cattle and frequent adventitious viruses in biologicals. furthermore, it has been suggested that these agents might be related to infantile gastroenteritis and microencephaly. since the virus is highly prevalent in fetal bovine serum, the risk of contamination is high in most laboratories. thus, the implementation of detection methods in all laboratories is of worth. despite continuous surveillance, these agents have been detected in cell lines, fetal bov ... | 2008 | 18395415 |
| genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates from turkey: identification of a new subgroup in bvdv-1. | genetic heterogeneity of turkish ruminant pestiviruses was investigated by phylogenetic analysis of complete n(pro) encoding nucleotide sequences. a total of 30 virus isolates obtained from 15 provinces around the country between 1997 and 2005 were included in the phylogenetic analysis. virus isolates mostly originated from cattle with one isolate from sheep. the bovine isolates all belonged to bvdv-1, the sheep isolate to bvdv-2. fifteen isolates formed a new subgroup within bvdv-1, tentatively ... | 2008 | 18395998 |
| co-existence of genetically and antigenically diverse bovine viral diarrhoea viruses in an endemic situation. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an important cattle pathogen that causes acute or persistent infections. these are associated with immunotolerance to the viral strain persisting in animals that became infected early in their intrauterine development. to this date, the epidemiology of bvd in switzerland runs virtually undisturbed by control measures such as restrictions on animal traffic or vaccination. here, we analysed the viral genetics of 169 swiss isolates and carried out crossed seru ... | 2008 | 18424020 |
| increase in proto-oncogene mrna transcript levels in bovine lymphoid cells infected with a cytopathic type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus. | infection of susceptible animals with bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) can result in an array of disease symptoms that are dependent in part on the strain of infecting virus and the physiological status of the host. bvdv are lymphotrophic and exist as two biotypes. cytopathic bvdv kill cells outright while noncytopathic strains can readily establish persistent infections. the molecular mechanisms behind these different affects are unknown. to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of ... | 2008 | 18440085 |
| histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in two white-tailed deer fawns persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of domestic cattle. serologic, experimental, and individual case studies explored the presence and pathogenesis of the virus in wild ungulates; however, there remain large gaps in knowledge regarding bvdv infection in nonbovine species. live twins were born from a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) doe infected with noncytopathic bvdv during its first trimester of pregnancy. the twins died at 1 day of age from trauma unrelated t ... | 2008 | 18460614 |
| development of a magnetic bead microarray for simultaneous and simple detection of four pestiviruses. | this study reports a novel method for the rapid detection and identification of the four recognized species in the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, i.e. classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease virus (bdv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (bvdv1) and type 2 (bvdv2). the analysis of pestivirus pcr products was performed on microarrays by means of magnetic bead detection. the process utilizes an oligonucleotide array, onto which 5' biotinylated pcr products were hybridize ... | 2009 | 18514335 |
| associations between health and productivity in cow-calf beef herds and persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus, antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus, or antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in calves. | to measure associations between health and productivity in cow-calf beef herds and persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), antibodies against bvdv, or antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus in calves. | 2008 | 18593246 |
| effect of age at the time of vaccination on antibody titers and feedlot performance in beef calves. | to compare antibody responses, feedlot morbidity and mortality rates, feedlot performance, and carcass value for calves vaccinated with 1 of 2 vaccination strategies and for unvaccinated control calves. | 2008 | 18593324 |
| genoepidemiological evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 species based on secondary structures in the 5' untranslated region. | bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains demonstrated in cattle, sheep, and adventitious contaminants of biological products have been evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr), to determine their taxonomical status. variation in conserved genomic sequences was used as parameter for epidemiological evaluation of the species in relation with geographical distribution, animal host and viru ... | 2008 | 18628597 |
| the use of sscp analysis [corrected] to evidence genetic variability in the gene coding for immunodominant protein e2 of the bvdv. | 2008 | 18683063 | |
| serological evaluation of precolostral serum samples to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in large commercial dairy herds. | the authors propose that screening newborn calves for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antibody prior to colostrum feeding is a useful strategy to detect herds with endemic bvdv infection. in the current study, precolostral serum samples of newborn calves in 2 minnesota and 2 california dairy farms were examined. precolostral bvdv antibodies were detected by serum neutralization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 7.4% (33/446) and 6.2% (32/515) of newborn calves in the california and min ... | 2008 | 18776097 |
| evidence for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a captive mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viruses are pestiviruses that have been isolated from domestic and wild ruminants. there is serologic evidence of pestiviral infection in more than 40 species of free-range and captive mammals. vertical transmission can produce persistently infected animals that are immunotolerant to the infecting strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and shed virus throughout their lives. seven species (white-tailed deer, mouse deer, eland, domestic cattle, alpaca, sheep, and ... | 2008 | 18987224 |
| genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1: italian isolates clustered in at least seven subgenotypes. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle. two approved species are recognized, namely bvdv-1 and bvdv-2. to date, only 4 subgenotypes of bvdv-2 are known, and at least 11 distinct subgenotypes have been detected for bvdv-1. in a previous study, the genetic characteristics of 38 field isolates of bvdv from northern italy were investigated, and all 38 isolates were classified as bvdv-1 and could be assigned to 5 different subgenotypes, namely bvdv-1b, bvdv ... | 2008 | 18987229 |