Publications

synanthropic trichinella infection in finland.	the first three human trichinellosis cases in finland were recorded around 1890, and altogether eight cases were registered until 2008. the first infected finnish swine was found in 1954. from the early 1980s, an increasing trend in the number of infected swine was seen, with the highest number registered in 1996, after which a decrease has been observed. infected pigs were found yearly until 2004. since 1954, all slaughtered pigs have been tested for trichinella, regardless of subsequent export ...	2009	19054618
trichinella pseudospiralis in pig from croatia.	trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi are species that are frequently found in domestic pigs and various sylvatic animals in croatia. during routine trichinoscopy, non-encapsulated larvae were detected in the muscle tissue of a domestic pig. artificial digestion revealed a larvae burden of 602 muscle larvae per gram of tissue. tissue section analysis confirmed the presence of non-encapsulated larvae. multiplex pcr identified the larvae as t. pseudospiralis. this observation is consistent ...	2009	19054619
trichinella species circulating among wild and domestic animals in romania.	trichinellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in romania. even though the disease is a serious public health concern, only a limited number of trichinella isolates have been identified at the species level; in the past, all larvae were assumed to be trichinella spiralis. the present study was conducted to identify trichinella spp. circulating among wild and domestic animals in romania, using pcr-based methods. trichinella spp. larvae originating from 54 wild and 23 domestic mamma ...	2009	19059726
trichinellosis in wolves from croatia.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of trichinella infection in wolves (canis lupus) in a 17,468 km(2) area in croatia. muscle samples were collected from 67 wolves between 1996 and 2007 and analyzed by artificial digestion. muscle larvae were detected in 21 wolves (31%) and genotyped by multiplex pcr. trichinella britovi was the predominant species confirmed in 90% (19 wolves) while trichinella spiralis was detected in 9% (2 wolves). the presence of the so called "dom ...	2009	19081193
prevalence of trichinella spp. in north spain wild fauna and new variety of trichinella britovi identification.	trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi live in apparent sympatry among wild fauna of the iberian peninsula. in the present study 105 trichinella isolates from wild mammals were typed by inter-sequence simple repeat pcr (issr-pcr). all isolates identified as t. spiralis were indistinguishable from the iss48 reference strain. among those belonging to t. britovi, four variations were clearly distinguishable; two of them, iss11 c-76 and iss86 mon, had been previously detected while the iss2 re ...	2009	19084339
trichinella britovi and trichinella spiralis mixed infection in a horse from poland.	trichinella infections in horses continue to represent a health problem and, despite the rarity of infection, it is necessary to continue to control properly horse meat. in 2008, a 10-year-old horse imported from poland to italy for consumption found to have been positive at the digestion test. both trichinella britovi and trichinella spiralis larvae in a proportion of 4:1 were detected in the horse muscles. this is the first report of a mixed trichinella species infection in a horse. the epidem ...	2009	19217211
trichinella britovi in a leopard (panthera pardus saxicolor) in iran.	nematodes of the genus trichinella are zoonotic parasites with a cosmopolitan distribution. in iran, these parasites have mainly been detected in carnivorous mammals, yet information on the trichinella taxa circulating in this country date back to a time when biochemical and molecular tests were not available. we describe the first detection of trichinella larvae in a leopard (panthera pardus saxicolor) in asia and its identification at the species level. the larvae recovered from the leopard mu ...	2009	19497675
[occurrence of trichinella spp. in wild boar in switzerland].	trichinellosis is a worldwide occurring zoonosis caused by the intracellular nematode trichinella spp. one of the main infection sources in europe is raw or undercooked meat from wild boar. trichinella britovi is prevalent in wild carnivores in switzerland, thus a possible inclusion of wild boar in this wildlife cycle cannot be excluded. in order to assess the prevalence of trichinella infection in wild boar, we tested 1,458 animals with both parasitological and serological methods. in none of t ...	2009	19780009
incorrect sequencing and taxon misidentification: an example in the trichinella genus.	molecular analyses such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing are very useful for taxon identification, especially when morphological characters useful for identifying taxa are lacking. however, the use of molecular tools can be the source of taxon misidentification if they are not correctly applied and the results are not critically evaluated and compared with the literature and genbank data. we describe a case of misidentification of a taxon of the genus trichinella due to sequenci ...	2010	20230655
[serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and leptin in patients with acute trichinellosis].	the aim of this study was to examine the serum levels of mif and leptin in patients infected with trichinella britovi. thirtysix patients with acute trichinellosis and 20 healthy control subjects were included in the study. serum high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-crp), mif and leptin levels were studied. assessments were performed in the patients group during acute infection and after the treatment periods and we also compared these values with healthy controls. in the patients, hs-crp, leuk ...	2010	20954115
development of cellular immune response of mice to infection with low doses of trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi and trichinella pseudospiralis larvae.	the murine cellular immune response to the infection with ten larvae of encapsulating (trichinella spiralis, trichinella britovi) and non-encapsulating species (trichinella pseudospiralis) was studied. both t. spiralis and t. britovi stimulated the proliferation of splenic t and b lymphocytes during the intestinal phase of infection, but t. spiralis activated the proliferative response also at the muscle phase, particularly in b cells. non-encapsulating t. pseudospiralis stimulated the prolifera ...	2010	20967464
trichinella sp. in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from catalonia, ne spain.	european legislation allows the official recognition of trichinella-free pig holdings, provided trichinella sp. infection is absent from humans and prevalence of trichinella sp. infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) is below 0.1% in the area, region or country. tibialis anterior muscle samples from 1,319 red foxes captured in catalonia (ne spain) between 1998 and 2007 were analyzed for trichinella sp. using the digestion method. four foxes resulted positive (one in 1999, one in 2002 and two in ...	2011	21327993
investigation on a focus of human trichinellosis revealed by an atypical clinical case: after wild-boar (sus scrofa) pork consumption in northern italy.	trichinellosis is one of the most serious foodborne parasitic zoonoses in europe. wild carnivorous and omnivorous hosts are the main reservoirs of trichinella spp. nematodes in nature. in the winter of 2008-2009, an atypical clinical case of trichinellosis occurred for the consumption of pork from a wild boar (sus scrofa) hunted in southwestern alps in italy. the symptomatic individual showed delayed development of oedemas in the lower limbs and eosinophilia, which appeared three months after in ...	2011	21395210
Spatial distribution of Trichinella britovi, T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis of domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary.	Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of raw meat and raw meat-derived products from swine, horse and some game animals infected with nematode worms of the genus Trichinella. Between June 2006 and February 2011, 16 million domestic pigs and 0.22 million wild boars (Sus scrofa) were tested for Trichinella sp. in Hungary. Trichinella infection was not found in any pigs slaughtered for public consumption. Nevertheless, Trichinella spiralis was detected in four backyard pig ...	2012	21852037
strayed dogs sentinels of trichinella britovi infection in kosovo.		2011	21904703
screening for trichinella britovi infection in red fox (vulpes vulpes) and wild boar (sus scrofa) in southeastern france.	from 2006 to 2009 we screened 108 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 894 wild boars (sus scrofa) in haut-var, france for trichinella britovi infection. prevalences were 2.7 and 0% respectively. the fox may be considered a predictive sentinel for trichinella in the haut-var ecosystem.	2012	22247397
comparative analysis of excretory-secretory antigens of trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi muscle larvae by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting.	trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease in humans caused by trichinella spp. the present study was undertaken to discover excretory-secretory (e-s) proteins from t. spiralis and t. britovi muscle larvae (ml) that hold promise for species-specific diagnostics. to that end, the purified e-s proteins were analyzed by fluorescent two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-d dige) coupled with protein identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). to search for immun ...	2012	22325190
detection and zoonotic potential of trichinella spp. from free-range pig farming in greece.	trichinellosis is a serious parasitic zoonosis, which is widely distributed around the world. pork meat is still the predominant source of outbreaks of human trichinellosis in many countries. the aim of this study is to examine the impact of trichinella spp. as an important risk factor on the free-range pig farming sector in greece. in 2009, during routine testing for the detection of trichinella larvae at slaughterhouses and the national reference laboratory for parasites (nrl), a total of 826, ...	2012	22545958
trichinella patagoniensis n. sp. (nematoda), a new encapsulated species infecting carnivorous mammals in south america.	until a few years ago, trichinella spiralis was the only taxon of the genus trichinella detected in both domestic and wild animals of south america. recently, a new genotype, named trichinella t12, was identified in cougars (puma concolor) from argentina, on the basis of molecular studies using mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal markers. in the present study, cross-breeding experiments indicated that trichinella t12 is reproductively isolated from all other encapsulated trichinella spp. and sug ...	2012	22921601
[evaluation of trichinella cross-reactions in the serological diagnosis of toxocariasis].	toxocariasis caused by the nematode larvae of the toxocara genus is a worldwide parasitic zoonosis. diagnosis of human toxocariasis commonly relies on serological tests since the symptoms and signs of toxocara infection are not pathognomonic. however toxocara larval excretory-secretory (tes) antigen used in serological tests may exhibit low specificity due to the cross-reactions between related helminth infections such as ascariasis, anisakiasis, strongyloidosis and filariasis. in this study, we ...	2012	22951657
trichinella infections in animals and humans in sub-saharan africa: a review.	the aim of this review is to provide information on trichinella infection in humans, livestock and wildlife in sub-saharan africa mainly focusing on geographical distribution of species/genotypes, biology, host range, life cycles and to identify research gaps. trichinella britovi, trichinella nelsoni and trichinella zimbabwensis and one genotype (trichinella t8) are known to occur in sub-saharan africa. distinct geographic ranges with overlapping of some taxa in some areas have been observed. ge ...	2013	23041114
molecular identification of trichinella britovi in martens (martes martes) and badgers (meles meles); new host records in poland.	trichinella larvae were detected in a marten (martes martes) and a badger (meles meles) in poland. the animals were found dead following car accidents. all examined animals derived from the mazurian lake district, north-east poland, near the village kosewo górne where trichinella infection were earlier confirmed in wildlife; red foxes and wild boars. the muscle samples were examined by artificial pepsin-hcl digestion method. the parasites were identified as trichinella britovi by multiplex polym ...	2012	23129201
trichinella infection in wildlife of northeast of iran.	the objective of this investigation was to detect the presence of trichinella in some carnivores of mashhad in northeast of iran and to identify trichinella species circulating in this area.	2012	23323092
trichinella infections in different host species of an endemic district of serbia.	trichinella infections are endemic in the balkan region of europe. though trichinellosis and agents thereof are serious problems for human health and animal husbandry, only a limited number of trichinella isolates from serbia have been identified at the species level so far. the aim of the present study was the surveillance and monitoring of trichinella in domestic pigs and wild animals from the endemic district of branicevo. investigations performed during the 2009-2010 period revealed trichine ...	2013	23453823
freeze-tolerance of trichinella muscle larvae in experimentally infected wild boars.	freeze-tolerance of encapsulated trichinella muscle larvae (ml) is mainly determined by trichinella species, but is also influenced by host species, the age of the infection and the storage time and temperature of the infected meat. moreover, the freeze-tolerance of the encapsulated species appears to be correlated to the development of thick capsule walls which increases with age. an extended infection period and the muscle composition in some hosts (e.g. herbivores) may provide freeze-avoiding ...	2013	23465440
trichinella britovi in the jackal canis aureus from south-west iran.	trichinellosis is an important helminthic food-borne zoonosis, which is caused by nematodes of the genus trichinella. although, trichinella spp. has been detected frequently in iranian wildlife, this parasitic infection is not considered a major public health problem. this is largely because islamic codes forbid consumption of pork meat in this country. however, knowledge about this zoonotic pathogen is important because human trichinellosis has been documented in countries where most of the pop ...	2014	23656910
trichinella nativa in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) of germany and poland: possible different origins.	in germany and poland, the high population density of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is considered a public health risk since this wild canid is one of the main reservoirs of trichinella spp. in 2010 in poland, a program to monitor the prevalence of trichinella spp. in the red fox population was launched. after two years, trichinella spp. larvae were detected in 44 (2.7%) out of 1634 foxes tested. in germany in the period 2002-2011, trichinella spp. larvae were in 27 foxes. the trichinella species ...	2013	24011650
emerging trichinella britovi infections in free ranging pigs of greece.	trichinella infections in humans and pigs have been documented in greece since 1945 and a high prevalence of infection in pigs occurred in the 1950s. up to 1984 only sporadic infections in humans were documented, and this zoonosis was not considered as a public health problem until 2009 when a human outbreak caused by the consumption of pork from an organic pig farm occurred. in the present study, we describe the re-emergence of trichinella spp. infections in free-ranging pigs from organic farms ...	2014	24268582
trichinella species circulating in wild boar (sus scrofa) populations in poland.	hunting in poland has a long tradition and became more popular after 1990. each year over 60,000 wild boar are hunted. some of them may act as trichinella carriers thus all carcasses of wild boar are systematically sampled in game-handling establishments as part of the post-mortem examination. the aim of the study was to determine the species of trichinella and to evaluate the year to year differences in the occurrence of those species in the populations of wild boar in poland. samples for the s ...	2013	24533337
polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for the differentiation of trichinella nativa and trichinella britovi.	recently, trichinella nativa was identified in foxes in germany and poland, indicating that the geographical distribution of t. nativa is not restricted to areas north of the isotherm -4°c in january. in the european union, legislation requires that a regular monitoring of the occurrence of trichinella spp. in indicator animals such as foxes or raccoon dogs be carried out. the trichinella isolates must also be identified on a species level. the multiplex pcr recommended by the community referenc ...	2014	24572044
indirect versus direct detection methods of trichinella spp. infection in wild boar (sus scrofa).	trichinella spp. infections in wild boar (sus scrofa), one of the main sources of human trichinellosis, continue to represent a public health problem. the detection of trichinella spp. larvae in muscles of wild boar by digestion can prevent the occurrence of clinical trichinellosis in humans. however, the analytical sensitivity of digestion in the detection process is dependent on the quantity of tested muscle. consequently, large quantities of muscle have to be digested to warrant surveillance ...	2014	24708795
environmental determinants of the spatial distribution of trichinella britovi and trichinella spiralis in hungary.	trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi are the two most common species of the genus trichinella persisting in the european wildlife. to investigate the spatial distribution of these trichinella spp. and the factors influencing their circulation in hungary, 3304 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 0.29 million wild boars (sus scrofa) were tested for trichinella sp. infection in hungary from 2006 to 2013. trichinella spp. larvae from 68 (2.06%) foxes and 44 (0.015%) wild boars were identified by a ...	2014	24867274
trichinellosis outbreak caused by meat from a wild boar hunted in an italian region considered to be at negligible risk for trichinella.	the wild boar is an important source of trichinellosis for people in european countries as a large number of hunted animals escape veterinary control. in november 2012, uncooked sausages made with meat from wild boar were consumed by 38 persons in a village of the lucca province (tuscany region, italy). of them, 34 were serologically positive, 32 developed clinical signs and symptoms of trichinellosis, and two were asymptomatic. trichinella britovi larvae were detected in vacuum-packed sausages ...	2015	25103623
the wolf (canis lupus) as an indicator species for the sylvatic trichinella cycle in the central balkans.	wildlife is the most important reservoir of trichinella spp. worldwide. although the balkans are a recognized european endemic region for trichinella infections, data on wildlife are scarce. to monitor the circulation of these zoonotic parasites in the central balkan region, the wolf (canis lupus) was selected because of its abundance (>2,000 individuals) and because it is at the top of the food chain. a total of 116 carcasses of wolves were collected in serbia and in the neighboring areas of ma ...	2014	25105811
trend analysis of trichinella in a red fox population from a low endemic area using a validated artificial digestion and sequential sieving technique.	freezing of fox carcasses to minimize professional hazard of infection with echinococcus multilocularis is recommended in endemic areas, but this could influence the detection of trichinella larvae in the same host species. a method based on artificial digestion of frozen fox muscle, combined with larva isolation by a sequential sieving method (ssm), was validated using naturally infected foxes from latvia. the validated ssm was used to detect dead trichinella muscle larvae (ml) in frozen muscle ...	2014	25431178
first report of a mixed infection of trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 in a leopard (panthera pardus) from the greater kruger national park, south africa.	at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ...	2014	25686214
wildlife reservoirs for vector-borne canine, feline and zoonotic infections in austria.	austria's mammalian wildlife comprises a large variety of species, acting and interacting in different ways as reservoir and intermediate and definitive hosts for different pathogens that can be transmitted to pets and/or humans. foxes and other wild canids are responsible for maintaining zoonotic agents, e.g. echinococcus multilocularis, as well as pet-relevant pathogens, e.g. hepatozoon canis. together with the canids, and less commonly felids, rodents play a major role as intermediate and par ...	2014	25830102
a 38-year study on trichinella spp. in wild boar (sus scrofa) of latvia shows a stable incidence with an increased parasite biomass in the last decade.	trichinella spp. are zoonotic parasites transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked meat of different animal species. the most common source of infection for humans is meat from pigs and wild boar (sus scrofa). the aim of the present work was to evaluate the incidence of trichinella spp. infections in wild boar hunted in latvia over a 38 year interval (1976 to 2013).	2015	25886306
trichinella pseudospiralis in the iberian peninsula.	nematode worms of the genus trichinella are zoonotic parasites circulating in most continents, including europe. in spain, trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi are highly prevalent in wildlife but seldom in domestic pigs. in portugal, only t. britovi was documented in wild carnivores. in the period 2006-2013 in spain, 384 (0.0001%) pigs and 1399 (0.20%) wild boars (sus scrofa) were positive for trichinella spp. larvae, which were identified as t. spiralis or t. britovi. in 2014, trichine ...	2015	25913596
trichinella britovi in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) from portugal.	trichinellosis is one of the most important foodborne parasitic zoonoses, caused by nematodes of the genus trichinella. pigs and other domestic and wild animals, including red foxes (vulpes vulpes), are sources of trichinella infection for human beings. trichinella britovi is the major agent of infection in sylvatic animals and the most important species circulating in the european wildlife. the present study aimed at assessing trichinella spp. infection in red foxes from the north of portugal. ...	2015	25934252
new finding of trichinella britovi in a european beaver (castor fiber) in latvia.	we report the first finding of trichinella britovi in a european beaver. in latvia, beaver is a common game animal and frequently used in human diet. a high prevalence of trichinella infections in latvia is present in the most common hosts-carnivores and omnivores. in total, 182 european beaver muscle samples were tested for trichinella larvae accordingly to the reference method of european communities commission regulation (ec) no. 2075/2005 (2005). trichinella britovi larvae were detected in o ...	2015	26122989
new insights into the molecular epidemiology of trichinella infection in domestic pigs, wild boars, and bears in romania.	trichinellosis is a food-borne zoonosis caused by the parasitic nematode trichinella, characterized by an extremely wide host range and geographical distribution. in romania, it is recognized as one of the most serious zoonotic diseases. a cross-sectional study, covering all regions of romania, was conducted in 2014 to investigate and update the prevalence of trichinella infection among domestic pigs, wild boars, and bears. additional, molecular identification of trichinella species circulating ...	2015	26238657
a large-scale study of the trichinella genus in the golden jackal (canis aureus) population in serbia.	over the last decades the golden jackal (canis aureus) has significantly expanded its range throughout southeast and central europe, and the balkan peninsula is considered to be a core area of the species distribution in this part of the range. due to its increasing number, ability of long distance movement through a wide range of landscapes and opportunistic feeding habits, the golden jackal may represent an important reservoir and transmitter of a variety of zoonotic agents, including parasite ...	2015	26260409
trichinella britovi from domestic to wild animals of sardinia, italy.	the zoonotic nematode trichinella britovi has been documented in animals and/or humans of the mediterranean islands of corsica and sardinia since 2004. from 2005 to 2007 in the sardinia island, several surveys had shown that t. britovi was circulating among backyard and free-ranging pigs reared in the orgosolo municipality but all attempts had failed to detect this parasite in wild susceptible animals. the aim of the present work was to investigate the circulation of t. britovi in pigs and wildl ...	2015	26264251
genetic evidence of interspecies introgression of mitochondrial genomes between trichinella spiralis and trichinella britovi under natural conditions.	trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by trichinella muscle larvae (ml) through ingestion of raw or undercooked meat. to date, 12 taxa are recognized in this genus, of which four are circulating in europe (trichinella spiralis, trichinella nativa, trichinella britovi and trichinella pseudospiralis). t. spiralis and t. britovi circulate in european wildlife and occur simultaneously in the same host species. the possibility of hybrid formation between t. britovi and t. spiralis has hardly be ...	2015	26458526
hunting dogs as sentinel animals for monitoring infections with trichinella spp. in wildlife.	nematode parasites of the genus trichinella are important foodborne pathogens transmitted by ingestion of striated muscles harbouring infective larvae. wild carnivorous and omnivorous animals are the most important reservoirs of these parasites. hunting activities play an important role in trichinella spp.	2016	26984402
the dynamics of trichinella spiralis epidemiology: out to pasture?	the great public health success in prevention of human trichinellosis has resulted in a decades-long decline in the incidence and health impact of this zoonosis. the important elements of this achievement include improvement in animal husbandry practices, meat inspection, consumer education, and medical care. most outbreaks now involve consumption of infected game. however, domestic pork still accounts for many outbreaks, mostly in eastern europe and argentina, where traditional small, "backyard ...	2016	27061788
high prevalence of trichinella spp. in sylvatic carnivore mammals of latvia.	trichinella spp. are zoonotic parasites transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked meat of different animal species. carnivore mammals are important reservoir hosts of these nematodes. the aims of this work were to establish the prevalence of trichinella spp. and infection intensity in sylvatic carnivore mammals of latvia, to identify the etiological agents at the species level and their circulation in the latvian regions. from 2010 to 2014, muscle samples were coll ...	2016	27091108
the occurrence of nematodes of the genus trichinella in wolves (canis lupus) from the bieszczady mountains and augustowska forest in poland.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of trichinella infection in wolves (canis lupus) in two regions in poland. muscle samples were collected from 21 wolves between 1999 and 2015 and processed by artificial digestion. in two cases, the muscle larvae (ml) were obtained and stored in alcohol. ml were detected in 12 wolves and genotyped by multiplex pcr. trichinella britovi was confirmed in 12 wolves (54.5%). the larval burdens in infected animals ranged from 0.009 to 27 l ...	2016	27103397
matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9: a realiable marker for inflammation in early human trichinellosis.	matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. as regards parasitic infections, the role of these proteins has been particularly studied in malaria, neurocysticercosis and angiostrongyloidosis. recently, we evaluated serum levels of mmp-9 and -2 (gelatinases) in mice experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis or trichinella pseudospiralis, which cause different degrees of myositis and we found their significant increase in the former and, a ...	2016	27117947
study on the occurrence of trichinella spp. in raccoon dogs in brandenburg, germany.	in recent years the raccoon dog population in germany has risen dramatically and a steady westward expansion can still be seen. in addition to the highest trichinella prevalence in wild boar and the most reported trichinella cases in domestic swine from backyard farms, the north-eastern part of germany also has the highest raccoon dog density in the country. due to their distinct scavenging behavior, raccoon dogs play a significant role as trichinella reservoir. therefore, to increase the knowle ...	2016	27133501
trichinella britovi biomass in naturally infected pine martens (martes martes) of latvia.	parasites of the genus trichinella are cosmopolitan nematodes infecting primarily wild animals, which represent the main reservoirs of these zoonotic pathogens. to investigate the transmission patterns of trichinella spp. from wild to domestic animals and to humans and for the risk assessment of these parasites in a geographical area, it is important to know the number of possible transmission events deriving from carcasses of infected hosts. for this purpose, the evaluation of the larval biomas ...	2016	27265552
inadequate labeling of pork sausages prepared in corsica causing a trichinellosis outbreak in france.	three cases of human trichinellosis due to trichinella britovi were reported in 2015 in the southeast of france resulting from consumption of raw pork sausages (figatelli) prepared in corsica. fourteen other people ate figatelli from the same batch but were not infected due to the figatelli being well cooked. this is the first reported human trichinellosis outbreak due to consumption of corsican sausages prepared from uncontrolled pork. consumption of raw figatelli is a common tradition in corsi ...	2016	27317463
the role of the wolf in endemic sylvatic trichinella britovi infection in the abruzzi region of central italy.	during the period 2004-2014 in the abruzzi region (central italy), muscle samples gathered from hunted wild boars (n=16,323) and retrieved from carcasses of other susceptible wild mammals (n=838) and birds (n=438) were tested for trichinella larvae according to european union regulations. although no positive samples were found from wild birds, 91 wild mammals tested positive. six species were found to harbor trichinella spp. infections, namely wolf (canis lupus, 59 positive samples out of 218), ...	2016	27522469
t-cell clones in human trichinellosis: evidence for a mixed th1/th2 response.	in humans, studies on the cellular immune response against trichinella are scarce. aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine profile of t cells specific for trichinella britovi in trichinellosis patients. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were obtained from five patients involved in a trichinellosis outbreak caused by t. britovi, which occurred in 2013 in tuscany (italy). all the patients resulted positive for trichinella-specific igg, ige and presented eosinophilia. t cells wer ...	2017	28106258
population expansion and individual age affect endoparasite richness and diversity in a recolonising large carnivore population.	the recent recolonisation of the central european lowland (cel) by the grey wolf (canis lupus) provides an excellent opportunity to study the effect of founder events on endoparasite diversity. which role do prey and predator populations play in the re-establishment of endoparasite life cycles? which intrinsic and extrinsic factors control individual endoparasite diversity in an expanding host population? in 53 individually known cel wolves sampled in germany, we revealed a community of four ces ...	2017	28128348
first report of a mixed infection of <i>trichinella nelsoni</i> and <i>trichinella</i> t8 in a leopard (<i>panthera pardus</i>) from the greater kruger national park, south africa.	at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ...	2014	28235280
trichinellosis outbreak due to wild boar meat consumption in southern italy.	we report a trichinella britovi outbreak investigated during february-march 2016 in southern italy. the source of infection was meat from infected wild boars that were illegally hunted and, hence, not submitted to post-mortem veterinary inspection. thirty persons reported having eaten raw dried homemade sausages; five cases of trichinellosis were confirmed. wild game meat consumers need to be educated about the risk for trichinellosis.	2017	28241860