Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in bacillus pasteurii and related bacillus spp. | by using natural-abundance (13)c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis we have investigated the types of compatible solutes that are synthesized de novo in a variety of bacillus species under high-osmolality growth conditions. five different patterns of compatible solute production were found among the 13 bacillus species we studied. bacillus subtilis, b. licheniformis, and b. megaterium produced proline; b. cereus, b. circulans, b. th ... | 2002 | 11823218 |
| pah-degradation by paenibacillus spp. and description of paenibacillus naphthalenovorans sp. nov., a naphthalene-degrading bacterium from the rhizosphere of salt marsh plants. | bacteria belonging to the genus paenibacillus were isolated by enrichment from petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated sediment and salt marsh rhizosphere using either naphthalene or phenanthrene as the sole carbon source, and were characterized using phenotypic, morphological and molecular techniques. the isolates were grouped by their colony morphologies and polyaromatic hydrocarbon-degradation patterns. phenanthrene-degrading isolates produced mottled colonies on solid media and were identified as ... | 2002 | 11837295 |
| aerobic and facultatively anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria from the gut of the termite zootermopsis angusticollis. | to demonstrate the occurrence of cellulolytic bacteria in the termite zootermopsis angusticollis. | 2002 | 11849325 |
| biochemical and genetic properties of paenibacillus glycosyl hydrolase having chitosanase activity and discoidin domain. | cells of "paenibacillus fukuinensis" d2 produced chitosanase into surrounding medium, in the presence of colloidal chitosan or glucosamine. the gene of this enzyme was cloned, sequenced, and subjected to site-directed mutation and deletion analyses. the nucleotide sequence indicated that the chitosanase was composed of 797 amino acids and its molecular weight was 85,610. unlike conventional family 46 chitosanases, the enzyme has family 8 glycosyl hydrolase catalytic domain, at the amino-terminal ... | 2002 | 11854270 |
| cytometric monitoring of growth, sporogenesis and spore cell sorting in paenibacillus polymyxa (formerly bacillus polymyxa). | formation of bacterial endospores is a basic process in gram-positive bacteria and has implications for health, industry and the environment. flow cytometry offers a practical alternative for the rapid detection, enumeration and characterization of bacterial endospores. | 2002 | 11872123 |
| towards growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi independent of a plant host. | when surface-sterilized spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus intraradices sy167 were germinated on agar plates in the slightly modified minimum mineral medium described by g. bécard and j. a. fortin (new phytol. 108:211-218, 1988), slime-forming bacteria, identified as paenibacillus validus, frequently grew up. these bacteria were able to support growth of the fungus on the agar plates. in the presence of p. validus, hyphae branched profusely and formed coiled structures. the ... | 2002 | 11916713 |
| paenibacillus chinjuensis sp. nov., a novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium. | a novel exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium (wn9t) was isolated from chinju, korea, and was identified as a member of the genus paenibacillus on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference based on 16s rdna sequence. this organism is a facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming rod. the diamino acid found in the peptidoglycan is meso-diaminopimelic acid. the predominant menaquinone is mk-7. the major cellular fatty acid is anteiso-c15:0. the g+c content is 53 mol%. the p ... | 2002 | 11931150 |
| paenibacillus graminis sp. nov. and paenibacillus odorifer sp. nov., isolated from plant roots, soil and food. | sixteen gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria previously isolated from soil, plant rhizospheres, plant roots and pasteurized pureed vegetables were studied to determine their taxonomic positions. the isolates were formerly identified as bacillus circulans based on their biochemical characters using api galleries. two of these strains, rsa19t and tod45t, were recently assigned to the genus paenibacillus based on phylogenetic analysis of their 16s rrna (rrs) gene sequence. in the present work, ... | 2002 | 11931174 |
| paenibacillus polymyxa produces fusaricidin-type antifungal antibiotics active against leptosphaeria maculans, the causative agent of blackleg disease of canola. | a bacterial isolate capable of inhibiting the growth of leptosphaeria maculans (desmaz.) ces. & de not., the causative agent of blackleg disease of canola (brassica napus l. and brassica rapa l.), was identified as a potential biological control agent. this environmental isolate was determined to be paenibacillus polymyxa based on its (i) biochemical and growth characteristics and (ii) 16s rrna sequence similarity, and was given the strain designation pkb1. antifungal peptides were produced by p ... | 2002 | 11958569 |
| lubricating bacteria model for branching growth of bacterial colonies. | various bacterial strains (e.g., strains belonging to the genera bacillus, paenibacillus, serratia, and salmonella) exhibit colonial branching patterns during growth on poor semisolid substrates. these patterns reflect the bacterial cooperative self-organization. a central part of the cooperation is the collective formation of a lubricant on top of the agar which enables the bacteria to swim. hence it provides the colony means to advance towards the food. one method of modeling the colonial deve ... | 1999 | 11969691 |
| potential microbiological hazards in the production of refined paper products for food applications. | this study sought to investigate the significance of raw materials (starch-based glues, raw material papers) at different microbiologically critical stages in the manufacturing process of refined paper products. the study examined the occurrence of microorganisms in the process and in end-product samples. microbiological surveys verified that the production and use of pasteurized starch-based glue was the most important factor threatening the process hygiene and product safety. subsequently, the ... | 2002 | 11986924 |
| commensal relationship between a sheath-forming bacterium, sphaerotilus natans, and a sheath-degrading bacterium, paenibacillus sp. | paenibacillus sp. strain tb is capable of degrading the sheath prepared from a sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans. s. natans was able to grow alone on casamino acids but strain tb was not. cocultivation of strain tb and s. natans was examined in a medium supplemented with casamino acids as a growth substrate. the growth of strain tb was observed when the sheath was supplied to the medium or in cocultivation with s. natans. the phospholipid amount reached a maximum after 24 h of cocultivatio ... | 2002 | 11999428 |
| molecular cloning and expression in escherichia coli of an exo-levanase gene from the endophytic bacterium gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus srt4. | gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus produces levan from sucrose by a secreted levansucrase (lsda). a levanase-encoding gene ( lsdb), starting 51 bp downstream of the lsda gene, was cloned from strain srt4. the lsdb gene (1605 bp) encodes a protein (calculated molecular mass 58.4 kda) containing a putative 36-amino-acid signal peptide at the n-terminus. the deduced amino acid sequence shares 34%, 33%, 32%, and 29% identities with levanases from actinomyces naeslundii, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillu ... | 2002 | 12029520 |
| antimicrobial activity of foodborne paenibacillus and bacillus spp. against clostridium botulinum. | the saprophytic paenibacillus and bacillus spp. found in cooked chilled foods may have an effect on the growth of clostridium botulinum, a major microbiological hazard, especially for pasteurized vacuum-packaged products. culture supernatants of 200 strains of paenibacillus and bacillus strains isolated from commercial cooked chilled foods containing vegetables were screened for activity against c. botulinum type a, proteolytic type b, and type e strains in a well diffusion assay. nineteen strai ... | 2002 | 12030292 |
| assessment of changes in biodiversity when a community of ultramicrobacteria isolated from groundwater is stimulated to form a biofilm. | the stimulation of groundwater bacteria to form biofilms, for the remediation of polluted aquifers, is subjected to environmental regulations that include measurement of effects on microbial biodiversity. groundwater microorganisms contain a proportion of unidentified and uncharacterized ultramicrobacteria (umb) that might play a major role in the bioclogging of geological materials. this study aimed to assess the changes in genetic and metabolic biodiversity when a community of umb, isolated fr ... | 2001 | 12035081 |
| evaluation of the diversity of paenibacillus polymyxa strains by using the dna of bacteriophage ipy1 as a probe in hybridization experiments. | to evaluate the genetic diversity within the species paenibacillus polymyxa. | 2002 | 12081550 |
| differentiation of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the cause of american foulbrood of honeybees, by using pcr and restriction fragment analysis of genes encoding 16s rrna. | a rapid procedure for the identification of paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood (afb) disease of honeybees (apis mellifera l.), based on pcr and restriction fragment analysis of the 16s rrna genes (rdna) is described. eighty-six bacterial strains belonging to 39 species of the genera paenibacillus, bacillus, brevibacillus, and virgibacillus were characterized. amplified rdna was digested with seven restriction endonucleases. the combined data from restricti ... | 2002 | 12089057 |
| biodesulfurization of benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene by a newly isolated rhodococcus strain. | rhodococcus sp. kt462, which can grow on either benzothiophene (bt) or dibenzothiophene (dbt) as the sole source of sulfur, was newly isolated and characterized. gc and gc-ms analyses revealed that strain kt462 has the same bt desulfurization pathway as that reported for paenibacillus sp. a11-2 and sinorhizobium sp. kt55. the desulfurized product of dbt produced by this strain, as well as other dbt-desulfurizing bacteria such as r. erythropolis ka2-5-1 and r. erythropolis igts8, was 2-hydroxybip ... | 2002 | 12111165 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel glucocerebrosidase of paenibacillus sp. ts12. | we report here the molecular cloning and characterization of a glucocerebrosidase [ec 3.2.1.45] from paenibacillus sp. ts12. the open reading frame of the glucocerebrosidase gene consisted of 2,493 bp nucleotides and encoded 831 amino acid residues. the enzyme exhibited no sequence similarity with a classical glucocerebrosidase belonging to glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 30, but rather showed significant similarity with gh family 3 beta-glucosidases from clostridium thermocellum, ruminococcus a ... | 2002 | 12153721 |
| diversity and functionality of bacillus and related genera isolated from spontaneously fermented soybeans (indian kinema) and locust beans (african soumbala). | a total of 126 isolates of bacillus and related genera from indigenous, spontaneously fermented soybeans (kinema) and locust beans (soumbala) were characterized with the purpose of defining interspecific, as well as intraspecific relationships among the components of their microflora. b. subtilis was the dominant species, and species diversity was more pronounced in soumbala than in kinema. while from kinema, six species were isolated (b. subtilis, b. licheniformis, b. cereus, b. circulans, b. t ... | 2002 | 12160077 |
| potential for misidentification of a spore-forming paenibacillus polymyxa isolate as an endophyte by using culture-based methods. | while paenibacillus polymyxa strain pw-2 has been identified as an endophyte of lodgepole pine (m. shishido, b. m. loeb, and c. p. chanway, can. j. microbiol. 41:707-713, 1995), p. polymyxa strain l6 has not, a distinction that could be explained by the differential abilities of these isolates to form spores, rather than the differential abilities to colonize the interior tissues of lodgepole pine. chemical disinfection was used to destroy bacteria on the root exterior, but bacterial endospores ... | 2002 | 12200326 |
| cultivation-dependent characterization of bacterial diversity from british columbia forest soils subjected to disturbance. | bacteria from forest surface organic matter and mineral soil horizons were cultivated using four methods and characterized by fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis. soil samples from a british columbia ministry of forests long-term soil productivity (ltsp) installation were collected during winter and summer from two disturbance treatments (whole-tree harvesting with no soil compaction (plot n) and whole-tree harvesting plus complete surface organic matter removal with heavy soil compaction (p ... | 2002 | 12224563 |
| flavin reductase coupling with two monooxygenases involved in dibenzothiophene desulfurization: purification and characterization from a non-desulfurizing bacterium, paenibacillus polymyxa a-1. | the dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulfurizing bacterium metabolizes dbt to form 2-hydroxybiphenyl without breaking the carbon skeleton. of the dbt desulfurization enzymes, dszc and dsza catalyze monooxygenation reactions, both requiring flavin reductase. we searched for non-dbt-desulfurizing microorganisms producing a flavin reductase that couples more efficiently with dszc than that produced by the dbt desulfurizing bacterium rhodococcus erythropolis d-1, and found paenibacillus polymyxa a-1 to be a ... | 2002 | 12226720 |
| paenibacillus koleovorans sp. nov., able to grow on the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | two bacterial strains that are able to grow specifically on the sheath of a sheathed filamentous bacterium, sphaerotilus natans, were isolated from soil samples. the sheath-degrading organisms, designated strains tb(t) and tk, are facultatively anaerobic and form endospores. the gram reaction was negative at all stages of cultivation. the optimum growth temperature and ph were 30 degrees c and ph 7. the dna g+c content was 54.0-55.8 mol%. mk-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-c15:0 wa ... | 2002 | 12361261 |
| paenibacillus glycanilyticus sp. nov., a novel species that degrades heteropolysaccharide produced by the cyanobacterium nostoc commune. | a novel bacterial strain, ds-1t, was isolated that degrades heteropolysaccharide produced by the cyanobacterium nostoc commune. the isolate was identified by a combination of phenotypic characterization, cellular fatty acid analysis, dna base composition, dna-dna hybridization and 165 rrna gene sequence analysis. phylogenetic analysis placed strain ds-1t within the paenibacillus cluster on a phylogenetic tree and the phenotypic characteristics of this strain appear to be similar to those of paen ... | 2002 | 12361272 |
| purification and characterization of the monooxygenase catalyzing sulfur-atom specific oxidation of dibenzothiophene and benzothiophene from the thermophilic bacterium paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2. | a benzothiophene (bt) and dibenzothiophene (dbt) monooxygenase (tdsc), which catalyzes the oxidation of the sulfur atoms in bt and dbt molecules, was purified from paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme and its subunit were determined to be 200 kda and 43 kda by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, indicating a tetrameric structure. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified tdsc completely matched ... | 2002 | 12382053 |
| utilization of ganglioside-degrading paenibacillus sp. strain ts12 for production of glucosylceramide. | gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, are membrane constituents of vertebrates and are known to have important roles in cellular differentiation, adhesion, and recognition. we report here the isolation of a bacterium capable of degrading gangliotetraose-series gangliosides and a new method for the production of glucosylceramide with this bacterium. gm1a ganglioside was found to be sequentially degraded by paenibacillus sp. strain ts12, which was isolated from soil, as follows: ... | 2002 | 12406710 |
| an investigation into the microflora of heroin. | in 2000, an unusual increase of morbidity and mortality among illegal injecting drug users in the uk and ireland was reported and clostridium novyi was identified as the likely source of the serious infection, although infections due to c. botulinum and bacillus cereus were also reported. because heroin was a possibile source of infection, this study investigated the microflora of heroin samples seized in england during 2000 and 2002. two methods were developed for the examination of the microfl ... | 2002 | 12448685 |
| a single phylogenetic analysis of bacillus thuringiensis strains and bacilli species inferred from 16s rrna gene restriction fragment length polymorphism is congruent with two independent phylogenetic analyses. | to assess the congruence between two earlier independent phylogenetic studies on bacillus thuringiensis strains and on bacillus-related species and the single, all-encompassing, phylogenetic tree presented here inferred from the combination of the two earlier datasets. | 2002 | 12452965 |
| rapid detection of paenibacillus larvae from honey and hive samples with a novel nested pcr protocol. | the bacterial pathogen paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of american foulbrood disease in honeybees (apis mellifera). a touchdown nested pcr protocol was developed to detect the presence of p. larvae spores directly in honey and hive samples. this approach allows early discovery of the bacteria even at concentrations below pathogenic levels, opening the door to new prophylactic approaches against american foulbrood and real-time epidemiological studies. | 2003 | 12485745 |
| identification of aerobic mesophilic bacilli isolated from board and paper products containing recycled fibres. | to identify aerobic mesophilic bacteria isolated from coreboard, kitchen roll paper and food packaging boards containing recycled fibres and to create a rapid fingerprint-based database for their identification. | 2003 | 12492920 |
| molecular characterization of the operon comprising the spoiv gene of bacillus megaterium dsm319 and generation of a deletion mutant. | according to sequence analysis, the spoiv-locus of bacillus megaterium dsm 319 is 1,185 bp long; it is the second gene of a sporulation operon, which altogether contains three open reading frames. the orf preceding spoiv encodes a putative polypeptide with 94 amino acids; the 3rd orf of the operon has 972 bp corresponding to 324 amino acids. the operon is flanked on both sides by palindromic sequences, probably representing rho-independent terminators. a primer extension analysis revealed that m ... | 1998 | 12501411 |
| evaluation of the hypervariable region in the 16s rdna sequence as an index for rapid species identification in the genus paenibacillus. | 2002 | 12501438 | |
| paenibacillus daejeonensis sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic bacterium from soil. | the taxonomy of soil isolates ap-20(t) and ap-37 was examined. these alkaliphilic organisms grew over a wide ph range (ph 7.0-13.0). the growth rate was higher at ph 8.0-12.0 than at ph 7.0. the g+c composition of these strains averaged 53 mol%. these strains contained mk-7 as the main respiratory quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. the major cellular fatty acid of the isolates was 12-methyltetradecanoic acid. levels of 16s rdna similarity between strain ap-20(t) ... | 2002 | 12508876 |
| paenibacillus brasilensis sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the maize rhizosphere in brazil. | sixteen nitrogen-fixing strains isolated from the rhizosphere of maize planted in cerrado soil, brazil, which showed morphological and biochemical characteristics similar to the gas-forming paenibacillus spp., were phenotypically and genetically characterized. their identification as members of the genus paenibacillus was confirmed by using specific primers based on the 16s rrna gene. sds-page of whole-cell proteins, api 50ch, morphological and biochemical tests, amplified rdna-restriction analy ... | 2002 | 12508882 |
| paenibacillus turicensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium harbouring heterogeneities between 16s rrna genes. | a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium (strain mol722(t)) was characterized using phenotypic and molecular methods. fatty acid analysis and biochemical examination indicated that the isolate belongs to the gram-positive bacteria with low dna g+c content, probably to the genus paenibacillus. direct sequencing of the 16s rrna gene showed ambiguities, suggesting heterogeneity. cloned 16s rdna yielded seven different sequences varying at 15 positions, with ... | 2002 | 12508893 |
| method of application of tylosin, an antibiotic for american foulbrood control, with effects on small hive beetle (coleoptera: nitidulidae) populations. | the method of application of the antibiotic tylosin (tylan) for control of oxytetracycline-resistant american foulbrood (paenibacillus larvae white) was tested in honeybee (apis mellifera l.) colonies. a powdered sugar mixture with tylosin, applied as a dust, was efficacious in eliminating american foulbrood symptoms at a rate of 200-mg tylan per 20 g of powdered sugar, applied at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. a second method of treatment consisting of tylan mixed with granulated sugar and veget ... | 2002 | 12539820 |
| effect of fusaric acid and phytoanticipins on growth of rhizobacteria and fusarium oxysporum. | suppression of soilborne diseases by biocontrol agents involves complex interactions among biocontrol agents and the pathogen and between these microorganisms and the plant. in general, these interactions are not well characterized. in this work, we studied (i) the diversity among strains of fluorescent pseudomonas spp., bacillus spp., and paenibacillus sp. for their sensitivity to fusaric acid (fac) and phytoanticipins from different host plants, (ii) the diversity of pathogenic and nonpathogen ... | 2002 | 12556125 |
| pseudobacteraemia in a patient with neutropenic fever caused by a novel paenibacillus species: paenibacillus hongkongensis sp. nov. | to characterise a strain of gram negative aerobic straight or slightly curved rods (hku3) isolated from the blood culture of a 9 year old chinese boy with neutropenic fever and pseudobacteraemia. | 2003 | 12560460 |
| purification and properties of an enzyme capable of degrading the polysaccharide of the cyanobacterium, nostoc commune. | a novel nostoc commune-polysaccharide (nps)-degrading enzyme with a molecular mass of 128.5 kda was purified from paenibacillus glycanilyticus ds-1. the optimum ph and temperature of the enzyme activity were 5.5 and 35 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme completely degraded nps to oligosaccharides, ranging from tetra to hexasaccharides and could degrade the xylan weakly whereas xanthan, gellan, cellulose, curdlan and p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside were not degraded. homology analysis of the ... | 2002 | 12562091 |
| isolation, structural characterization, and properties of mattacin (polymyxin m), a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by paenibacillus kobensis m. | mattacin is a nonribosomally synthesized, decapeptide antibiotic produced by paenibacillus kobensis m. the producing strain was isolated from a soil/manure sample and identified using 16 s rrna sequence homology along with chemical and morphological characterization. an efficient production and isolation procedure was developed to afford pure mattacin. structure elucidation using a combination of chemical degradation, multidimensional nmr studies (cosy, hmbc, hmqc, roesy), and mass spectrometric ... | 2003 | 12569104 |
| study of the bacterial load in a gelatine production process focussed on bacillus and related endosporeforming genera. | gelatine is an animal protein with many industrial applications. previous studies pointed out that endosporeforming bacteria, belonging to the genus bacillus or related genera, might contaminate and survive the production process of gelatine, leading to products of low quality and safety. the aim of this study is to determine the bacterial diversity of contaminants isolated from a gelatine production chain with emphasis on aerobic endosporeforming bacteria. contaminants were isolated from sample ... | 2002 | 12583722 |
| development and evaluation of pcr assays for the detection of paenibacillus larvae in honey samples: comparison with isolation and biochemical characterization. | pcr assays were developed for the direct detection of paenibacillus larvae in honey samples and compared with isolation and biochemical characterization procedures. different primer pairs, designed from the 16s rrna and the metalloproteinase precursor gene regions, and different dna extraction methods were tested and compared. the sensitivity of the reactions was evaluated by serial dilutions of dna extracts obtained from p. larvae cultures. the specificity of the primers was assessed by analyzi ... | 2003 | 12620836 |
| predominant bacillus spp. in agricultural soil under different management regimes detected via pcr-dgge. | a pcr system for studying the diversity of species of bacillus and related taxa directly from soil was developed. for this purpose, a specific 24-bp forward primer located around position 110 of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was designed and combined with a reverse bacterial primer located at the end of the gene. the specificity of this pcr system for bacilli and related taxons was confirmed on the basis of tests with diverse strains as well as with soil dna. analysis of a soil dna derived clone li ... | 2003 | 12632212 |
| novel pyrazine metabolites found in polymyxin biosynthesis by paenibacillus polymyxa. | a complex mixture of methyl-branched alkyl-substituted pyrazines was found in the growth medium of the polymyxin-producing bacterium paenibacillus polymyxa, and of these, seven are new natural compounds. a total of 19 pyrazine metabolites were identified. the dominant metabolite was 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine as identified using a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry, (1)h- and (13)c-nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as co-elution with an authentic ... | 2003 | 12644229 |
| paenibacillus kribbensis sp. nov. and paenibacillus terrae sp. nov., bioflocculants for efficient harvesting of algal cells. | two strains of gram-variable, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, peritrichously flagellated, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from a soil sample collected in taejon city, korea. the two strains (am49t and am141t) were found to be members of the genus paenibacillus, on the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. strains am49t and am141t were found to have a cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, mk-7 as their predominant menaquinone and anteiso-c15:0 as thei ... | 2003 | 12656187 |
| characterization of a paenibacillus cell-associated xylanase with high activity on aryl-xylosides: a new subclass of family 10 xylanases. | the sequence of gene xynb encoding xylanase b from paenibacillus sp. bp-23 was determined. it revealed an open reading frame of 999 nucleotides encoding a protein of 38,561 da. the deduced amino acid sequence of xylanase b shows that the n-terminal region of the enzyme lacks the features of a signal peptide. when the xylan-degrading system of paenibacillus sp. bp-23 was analysed in zymograms, it revealed that xylanase b was not secreted to the extracellular medium but instead remained cell-assoc ... | 2003 | 12698280 |
| characterization of endospore-forming bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes, heterorhabditis spp., and description of paenibacillus nematophilus sp. nov. | endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from insect-pathogenic nematodes, heterorhabditis spp., from three diverse geographical locations. spindle-shaped sporangia of these bacteria adhere to the free-living infective stage of the nematode, which carries them to new insect hosts, where the bacterium reproduces. these isolates were characterized based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties and 16s rrna gene sequences. analysis of the 16s rrna gene placed the isolates within the genus paenib ... | 2003 | 12710609 |
| culture conditions for flocculant production by paenibacillus polymyxa by-28. | a new flocculant-producing bacterium paenibacillus polymyxa by-28 was isolated from soil. the optimal culture media for flocculant production were 2% glucose, 0.3% kh2po4, 0.1% bean cake powder, 0.05% cac12 and 0.05% (w/v) mgso4.7h2o. optimal culture temperature was 30 degrees c and ph was 6-8. flocculants produced under optimal conditions efficiently aggregated various organic and inorganic suspensions in simulated water as well as in wastewater by addition of bivalent and trivalent cations ca2 ... | 2003 | 12716071 |
| diverse origins of tetracycline resistance in the honey bee bacterial pathogen paenibacillus larvae. | paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the important honey bee larval disease american foulbrood (afb). this pathogen has been treated in bee colonies by a single registered antibiotic, oxytetracycline (otc), for fifty years. recently, widespread resistance to otc has been reported. in this study, the degree of antibiotic resistance was contrasted with dna sequence variation for 125 p. larvae isolates collected in north america. resistance was uncorrelated with bacterial haplotype, sugge ... | 2003 | 12725811 |
| isolation of paenibacillus illinoisensis that produces cyclodextrin glucanotransferase resistant to organic solvents. | a bacterium that secreted cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (cgtase) in a medium overlaid with n-hexane was isolated and identified as paenibacillus illinoisensis strain st-12 k. the cgtase of the strain was purified from the culture supernatant. the molecular mass was 70 kda. the enzyme was stable at ph 6 to 10 and active at ph 5.0 to 8.0. the optimum temperature at ph 7.0 was 65 degrees c in the presence of 5 mm cacl2. the enzyme produced mainly beta-cyclodextrin. the total yield of alpha-, beta ... | 2003 | 12728995 |
| cloning and sequencing of a poly(dl-lactic acid) depolymerase gene from paenibacillus amylolyticus strain tb-13 and its functional expression in escherichia coli. | the gene encoding a poly(dl-lactic acid) (pla) depolymerase from paenibacillus amylolyticus strain tb-13 was cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant pla depolymerase, plaa, exhibited degradation activities toward various biodegradable polyesters, such as poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate), poly(ethylene succinate), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone), as well as pla. the monomeric lactic acid was detected as the degradation product of pla. the ... | 2003 | 12732514 |
| 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzene sulfinate desulfinase from the thermophilic desulfurizing bacterium paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2: purification and characterization. | 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzene sulfinate (hpbsi) desulfinase (tdsb), which catalyzes the final step of desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (dbt), was purified from a thermophilic dbt- and benzothiophene (bt)-desulfurizing bacterium: paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was 31 kda and 39 kda by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, suggesting a monomeric structure. the optimal temperature and ph for the reacti ... | 2003 | 12743754 |
| biochemical characterization and antifungal activity of an endo-1,3-beta-glucanase of paenibacillus sp. isolated from garden soil. | a 44-kda 1,3-beta-glucanase was purified from the culture medium of a paenibacillus strain with a 28-fold increase in specific activity with 31% recovery. the purified enzyme preferentially catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucans with 1,3-beta-linkage and has an endolytic mode of action. the enzyme also showed binding activity to various insoluble polysaccharides including unhydrolyzable substrates such as xylan and cellulose. the antifungal activity of this paenibacillus enzyme and a previously pur ... | 2003 | 12764561 |
| characterization of nitrogen-fixing paenibacillus species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of part of genes encoding 16s rrna and 23s rrna and by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. | forty-two strains representing the eight recognized nitrogen-fixing paenibacillus species and 12 non-identified strains were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of part of 16s and 23s rrna genes amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). eleven different 16s rdna genotypes were obtained from the combined data of rflp analysis with four endonucleases and they were in agreement with the established taxonomic classification. only one group of unclassified strains ... | 2003 | 12770714 |
| application of a novel paenibacillus-specific pcr-dgge method and sequence analysis to assess the diversity of paenibacillus spp. in the maize rhizosphere. | in this study, a paenibacillus-specific pcr system, based on the specific primer paen515f in combination with bacterial primer r1401, was tested and used to amplify specific fragments of the 16s rrna gene from rhizosphere dna. the amplicons were used in a second (semi-nested) pcr for dgge, in which bacterial primers f968gc and r1401 were used. the resulting products were separated into community fingerprints by dgge. to assess the reliability of the method, the diversity of paenibacillus species ... | 2003 | 12782377 |
| phylogeny and characterization of three nifh-homologous genes from paenibacillus azotofixans. | in this paper, we report the cloning and characterization of three paenibacillus azotofixans dna regions containing genes involved in nitrogen fixation. sequencing analysis revealed the presence of nifb1h1d1k1 gene organization in the 4,607-bp saci dna fragment. this is the first report of linkage of a nifb open reading frame upstream of the structural nif genes. the second (nifb2h2) and third (nifh3) nif homologues are confined within the 6,350-bp hindiii and 2,840-bp ecori dna fragments, respe ... | 2003 | 12788777 |
| the possible role of varroa destructor in the spreading of american foulbrood among apiaries. | the aim of this investigation was to establish whether varroa destructor can play a role in the transmission of paenibacillus larvae larvae spores from infected to healthy bee colonies. mites, collected from an apis mellifera carnica colony heavily infected with american foulbrood and treated with apistan, were suspended in distilled water and treated in three different ways:homogenizing, shaking and stirring, or sonication. the resulting fluid samples were transferred onto selective agar medium ... | 2002 | 12797406 |
| antimicrobial properties of commercial annatto extracts against selected pathogenic, lactic acid, and spoilage microorganisms. | annatto preparations are used to impart distinctive flavor and color to foods and are a primary colorant in dairy foods such as cheese and butter. there are several reports indicating that certain fractions of the annatto plant have biological activities against microorganisms of significance in food fermentation, food preservation, and human health. however, little is reported describing the nature of the antimicrobial compound(s) or their potential presence in commercial annatto colorant prepa ... | 2003 | 12801012 |
| phylogenetic relationships between bacillus species and related genera inferred from comparison of 3' end 16s rdna and 5' end 16s-23s its nucleotide sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the 16s rdna and the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its) of 40 bacillaceae species were determined. these included 21 bacillus, 9 paenibacillus, 6 brevibacillus, 2 geobacillus, 1 marinibacillus and 1 virgibacillus species. comparative sequence analysis of a 220 bp region covering a highly conserved 150 bp sequence located at the 3' end of the 16s rrna coding region and a conserved 70 bp sequence located at the 5' end of the 16s-23s its of the 40 sp ... | 2003 | 12807189 |
| paenibacillus durus (collins et al. 1994, formerly clostridium durum smith and cato 1974) has priority over paenibacillus azotofixans (seldin et al. 1984). opinion 73. | the judicial commission of the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes decided that the name paenibacillus durus has priority over paenibacillus azotofixans, and that the latter is a later synonym of the former. the type strain is therefore strain atcc 27763 (= dsm 1735). | 2003 | 12807223 |
| exo-mode of action of cellobiohydrolase cel48c from paenibacillus sp. bp-23. a unique type of cellulase among bacillales. | sequence analysis of a paenibacillus sp. bp-23 recombinant clone coding for a previously described endoglucanase revealed the presence of an additional truncated orf with homology to family 48 glycosyl hydrolases. the corresponding 3509-bp dna fragment was isolated after gene walking and cloned in escherichia coli xl1-blue for expression and purification. the encoded enzyme, a cellulase of 1091 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 118 kda and a pi of 4.85, displayed a multidomain organiz ... | 2003 | 12823562 |
| bacterial degradation of arsenobetaine via dimethylarsinoylacetate. | microorganisms from mytilus edulis (marine mussel) degraded arsenobetaine, with the formation of trimethylarsine oxide, dimethylarsinate and methylarsonate. four bacterial isolates from these mixed-cultures were shown by hplc/hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (hplc/hg-afs) analysis to degrade arsenobetaine to dimethylarsinate in pure culture; there was no evidence of trimethylarsine oxide formation. two of the isolates ( paenibacillussp. strain 13943 and pseudomonas sp. strain ... | 2003 | 12827219 |
| isolation and characterization of agar-degrading paenibacillus spp. associated with the rhizosphere of spinach. | agar-degrading bacteria in spinach plant roots cultivated in five soils were screened, and four strains of paenibacillus sp. were isolated from roots cultivated in three soils. the agar-degrading bacteria accounted for 1.3% to 2.5% of the total bacteria on the roots. in contrast, no agar-degrading colony was detected in any soil (non-rhizosphere soil samples) by the plate dilution method, and thus these agar-degrading bacteria may specifically inhabit plant roots. all isolates produced extracell ... | 2003 | 12834282 |
| evidence for intra-colonial genetic variance in resistance to american foulbrood of honey bees ( apis mellifera): further support for the parasite/pathogen hypothesis for the evolution of polyandry. | explanations for the evolution of multiple mating by social insect (particularly honey bee) queens have been frequently sought. an important hypothesis is that multiple mating is adaptive because it increases intracolonial genetic diversity and thereby reduces the likelihood that parasites or pathogens will catastrophically infect a colony. we tested one assumption of this model: that honey bee worker patrilines should differ in disease resistance. we used american foulbrood (caused by the bacte ... | 2003 | 12835837 |
| in situ identification of intracellular bacteria related to paenibacillus spp. in the mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor s238n. | bacterial proliferations have recurrently been observed for the past 15 years in fermentor cultures of the ectomycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor s238n, suggesting the presence of cryptic bacteria in the collection culture of this fungus. in this study, intracellular bacteria were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy in several collection subcultures of l. bicolor s238n. they were small (0.5 micro m in diameter), rare, and heterog ... | 2003 | 12839806 |
| how the use of chlorothalonil on golf courses impacts paenibacillus sp., a pathogen of ataenius spretulus (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | one of the most frequently used fungicides on golf courses, chlorothalonil, was applied to field plots at four different golf courses to determine how ataenius spretulus haldeman, aphodius granarius l., carabids, staphylinids, formicids and paenibacillus sp. were affected. chlorothalonil had no influence on the incidence of paenibacillus sp. infection of a. spretulus larvae in golf course fairways. the incidence of paenibacillus sp. infection of a. spretulus larvae was much greater in the rough ... | 2003 | 12852618 |
| isolation and characterization of a bacterium that degrades various polyester-based biodegradable plastics. | microorganisms isolated from soil samples were screened for their ability to degrade various biodegradable polyester-based plastics. the most active strain, designated as strain tb-13, was selected as the best strain for degrading these plastics. from its phenotypic and genetic characteristics, strain tb-13 was closely related to paenibacillus amyloyticus. it could degrade poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate), poly(caprolactone) and poly(ethylene succi ... | 2003 | 12882301 |
| gene cloning, expression, and crystallization of a thermostable exo-inulinase from geobacillus stearothermophilus kp1289. | the gene ( inua) encoding exo-inulinase (ec 3.2.1.80) was cloned from the thermophilic geobacillus stearothermophilus ( bacillus stearothermophilus) kp 1289 growing at between 41 degrees c and 69 degrees c. the inua gene consisted of 1,482 bp encoding a protein of 493 amino acids. the deduced polypeptide of molecular mass ( m) 56,744 da showed strong sequence similarity to pseudomonas mucidolens exo-inulinase, bacillus subtilis levanase, paenibacillus polymyxa ( bacillus polymyxa) fructosyltrans ... | 2003 | 12883863 |
| paenibacillus agarexedens sp. nov., nom. rev., and paenibacillus agaridevorans sp. nov. | twenty-two agarolytic, aerobic, spore-forming strains were characterized taxonomically by dna-dna reassociation experiments, riboprint analyses, 16s rdna sequencing and phenetic similarity analyses. based on riboprint analyses, the strains formed eight ribogroups, six of which contained 2-6 strains and two encompassed single strains. within the multi-strain ribogroups, similarities ranged from 91-99%. phylogenetic analyses of representatives of the eight groups by 16s rdna sequence analysis show ... | 2003 | 12892125 |
| identification of essential histidines in cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase isoform 1 from paenibacillus sp. a11. | the isoform 1 of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase, ec 2.4.1.19) from paenibacillus sp. a11 was purified by a preparative gel electrophoresis. the importance of histidine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and carboxylic amino acids for isoform 1 activity is suggested by the modification of the isoform 1 with various group-specific reagents. activity loss, when incubated with diethylpyrocarbonate (dep), a histidine modifying reagent, could be protected by adding 25 mm methyl-beta-cyclodextrin substra ... | 2003 | 12895301 |
| [the bactericidal activity of lectins from nitrogen-fixing bacilli]. | lectins i and ii isolated from the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium paenibacillus polymyxa 1460 were found to be able to suppress the growth of rhizobium leguminosarum 252 and bacillus subtilis 36 at nearly all the concentrations tested (from 1 to 10 micrograms/ml). lectin i was also inhibitory to azospirillum brasilense 245 and erwinia carotovora subsp. citrulis 603, while lectin ii exerted bactericidal activity against xanthomonas campestris b-610 and b-611 and a. brasilense 245. the bacillar le ... | 2003 | 12901008 |
| starch-binding domain shuffling in aspergillus niger glucoamylase. | aspergillus niger glucoamylase (ga) consists mainly of two forms, gai [from the n-terminus, catalytic domain + linker + starch-binding domain (sbd)] and gaii (catalytic domain + linker). these domains were shuffled to make rgai (sbd + linker + catalytic domain), rgaideltal (sbd + catalytic domain) and rgaii (linker + catalytic domain), with domains defined by function rather than by tertiary structure. in addition, paenibacillus macerans cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase sbd replaced the clos ... | 2003 | 12915730 |
| characterization of bacterial pectinolytic strains involved in the water retting process. | pectinolytic microorganisms involved in the water retting process were characterized. cultivable mesophilic anaerobic and aerobic bacteria were isolated from unretted and water-retted material. a total of 104 anaerobic and 23 aerobic pectinolytic strains were identified. polygalacturonase activity was measured in the supernatant of cell cultures; 24 anaerobic and nine aerobic isolates showed an enzymatic activity higher than the reference strains clostridium felsineum and bacillus subtilis respe ... | 2003 | 12919408 |
| nature of polymorphisms in 16s-23s rrna gene intergenic transcribed spacer fingerprinting of bacillus and related genera. | the intergenic transcribed spacers (its) between the 16s and 23s rrna genetic loci are frequently used in pcr fingerprinting to discriminate bacterial strains at the species and intraspecies levels. we investigated the molecular nature of polymorphisms in its-pcr fingerprinting of low-g+c-content spore-forming bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus, brevibacillus, geobacillus, and paenibacillus: we found that besides the polymorphisms in the homoduplex fragments amplified by pcr, heteroduplex ... | 2003 | 12957895 |
| plasmid transfer from pseudomonas putida to the indigenous bacteria on alfalfa sprouts: characterization, direct quantification, and in situ location of transconjugant cells. | the transfer of the plasmids pjkj5 and tol (pwwo) from pseudomonas putida to the indigenous bacterial community on alfalfa sprouts was studied. tagging with fluorescent protein markers allowed direct quantification of the introduced donor bacteria and of indigenous bacteria that had received the plasmids. the sprouts were observed for 9 days; during this time alfalfa seeds, inoculated with donor bacteria, developed to edible and subsequently decaying sprouts. the first transconjugants were detec ... | 2003 | 12957943 |
| paenibacillus stellifer sp. nov., a cyclodextrin-producing species isolated from paperboard. | the microflora isolated from food-packaging board is dominated by paenibacilli; a number of these micro-organisms have been characterized using a polyphasic approach. the highest 16s rrna gene similarity was found between these isolates and paenibacillus azotofixans atcc 35681(t) (97.7 %). the main fatty acid of the paperboard isolates was c(16 : 0) (34-45 %); straight-chain fatty acids made up 41-60 % of the total cellular fatty acids, thus distinguishing these strains from other paenibacillus ... | 2003 | 13130020 |
| multiplex pcr screening of soil isolates for novel bacillus-related lineages. | a16s rdna multiplex pcr-based high-throughput protocol is presented to screen bacterial isolates in large amounts for the appearance of novel lineages of bacteria, especially hitherto unknown bacillus relatives. the 16s rdnas of 4224 isolates from a comprehensive cultivation campaign were screened for similarity to predominant uncultured soil bacteria. soil suspensions were plated in serial dilutions on various media. after 2, 4 and 6 weeks, colonies were collected with toothpicks and transferre ... | 2003 | 14529967 |
| metabolic analysis of acetate accumulation during xylose consumption by paenibacillus polymyxa. | paenibacillus polymyxa atcc 12321 produced more acetic acid and less butanediol from xylose than from glucose. the product yields from xylose were ethanol (0.72 mol/mol sugar), (r,r)-2,3-butanediol (0.31 mol/mol sugar), and acetate (0.38 mol/mol sugar) while those from glucose were ethanol (0.74 mol/mol sugar), (r,r)-2,3-butanediol (0.46 mol/mol sugar), and acetate (0.05 mol/mol sugar). higher acetate kinase activity and lower acetate uptake ability were found in xylose-grown cells than in gluco ... | 2004 | 14556038 |
| paenibacillus sp. ts12 glucosylceramidase: kinetic studies of a novel sub-family of family 3 glycosidases and identification of the catalytic residues. | gcase (glucosylceramidase) from paenibacillus sp. ts12, a family 3 glycosidase, hydrolyses the beta-glycosidic linkage of glucosylceramide with retention of anomeric configuration via a two-step, double-displacement mechanism. two carboxyl residues are essential for catalysis, one functioning as a nucleophile and the other as a general acid/base catalyst. p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranoside [k(m)=0.27+/-0.02 mm and kcat/k(m)=(2.1+/-0.2)x10(6) m(-1) x s(-1)] and 2,4-dinitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyr ... | 2004 | 14561218 |
| purification and properties of extracellular dextranase from a bacillus sp. | bacterial strains in the genus bacillus were isolated from natural soil samples and screened for production of extracellular dextranases (e.c.3.2.1.11). one strain, determined by 16srna analysis as paenibacillus illinoisensis exhibiting stable dextranase activity, was chosen for further analysis, and the dextranase from it was purified 733-fold using salt and peg precipitations, two-phase extraction and deae-sepharose chromatography with a total yield of 19%. the purified enzyme had three isofor ... | 2003 | 14581071 |
| a novel gene encoding an enzyme that degrades a polysaccharide from the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | a gene encoding an enzyme that is able to depolymerize the basic polysaccharide prepared from the sheath of sphaerotilus natans was identified in a sheath-degrading bacterium, paenibacillus koleovorans. the gene was constructed from 2217 bp coding for 738 amino acids, including the signal sequence of 34 amino acids. no closely related protein or gene was indicated by a homology search. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. the fusion protein de ... | 2003 | 14586129 |
| structure of the polysaccharide isolated from the sheath of sphaerotilus natans. | a polysaccharide was isolated from the sheath of a sheathed bacterium, sphaerotilus natans. the sheath polysaccharide (sps) was composed of d-glucose and d-(n-acetyl)galactosamine in molar ratios of 1:4. methylation linkage analysis revealed the presence of the residues of 4-linked glucose, 4-linked (n-acetyl)galactosamine, and 3-linked (n-acetyl)galactosamine in molar ratios of 1:3:1. the oligomer of sps was prepared with an sps-specific degrading enzyme from a sheath-degrading bacterium, paeni ... | 2003 | 14607370 |
| a simple method for semi-preparative-scale production and recovery of enterocin as-48 derived from enterococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens a-48-32. | production of enterocin as-48 by enterococcus faecalis a-48-32 was compared between standard and high-cell density batch fermentations. in high-cell density cultures, bacteriocin production was 2.47-fold higher, provided that the ph was controlled during the fermentation. a two-step procedure for recovery of milligram quantities of purified bacteriocin was developed, based on adsorption of the bacteriocin on carboxymethyl sephadex cm-25 followed by reversed-phase chromatography on a semi-prepara ... | 2003 | 14607403 |
| endophytic nifh gene diversity in african sweet potato. | a cultivation-independent approach was used to identify potentially nitrogen-fixing endophytes in seven sweet potato varieties collected in uganda and kenya. nitrogenase reductase genes (nifh) were amplified by pcr, and amplicons were cloned in escherichia coli. clones were grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and representative nifh genes were sequenced. the resulting sequences had high homologies to nitrogenase reductases from alpha-, beta-, and gamma-proteobacteria an ... | 2003 | 14608421 |
| [a case of paenibacillus polymyxa bacteremia in a patient with cerebral infarction]. | we report a case of paenibacillus polymyxa bacteremia in a patient with cerebral infarction. the patient was a 93-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital. on the 4 day after admitted, she had a fever 38.2 degrees c. the result of the blood culture showed a gram positive spore bacillus in the blood culture bottle. as a result of performing 16srdna sequence analysis (500bp), it was a close relationship most by 99.26% p. polymlxa of coincidence was found. with a result using api 20e and ap ... | 2003 | 14608918 |
| antimicrobial activity of paenibacillus peoriae strain nrrl bd-62 against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. | to investigate the potential antagonistic activity of paenibacillus peoriae strain nrrl bd-62 against phytopathogenic micro-organisms and to determine the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the antimicrobial compound produced by this strain. | 2003 | 14633044 |
| 16s rdna targeted pcr for the detection of paenibacillus macerans. | to develop a pcr detection method, which could be used for the detection of paenibacillus macerans in environmental samples or to help the identification of strains suspected to belong to this species. | 2003 | 14633114 |
| isolation and 16s dna characterization of soil microorganisms from tropical soils capable of utilizing the herbicides hexazinone and tebuthiuron. | six non-fermentative bacteria were isolated from colombian (south america) and hawaiian (usa) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (hex) and tebuthiuron (teb). microscopic examination and physiological tests were followed by partial 16s dna sequence analysis, using the first 527 bp of the 16s rrna gene for bacterial identification. the isolated microorganisms (and in brackets, the herbicide that each degraded) were identified as: from colombia. ... | 2003 | 14649709 |
| biological control agents for white grubs (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) in anticipation of the establishment of the japanese beetle in california. | we tested biological control agents for the control of 3rd-instar scarab turfgrass pests, both for the masked chafer cyclocephala hirta leconte and the japanese beetle, popillia japonica newman. the former species is endemic in california whereas the latter, although not yet established, constitutes a permanent serious threat to agriculture and horticulture in california. we conducted experiments using c. hirta in california and p. japonica in new jersey. a field trial conducted in 2 different c ... | 2000 | 14658514 |
| cloning, expression, and cell surface localization of paenibacillus sp. strain w-61 xylanase 5, a multidomain xylanase. | we have shown that a xylan-degrading bacterium, w-61, excretes multiple xylanases, including xylanase 5 with a molecular mass of 140 kda. here, we emend the previously used classification of the bacterium (i.e., aeromonas caviae w-61) to paenibacillus sp. strain w-61 on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna gene, and we clone and express the xyn5 gene encoding xylanase 5 (xyn5) in escherichia coli and study the subcellular localization of xyn5. xyn5 encodes 1,326 amino acid residu ... | 2003 | 14660338 |
| enumeration and characterization of iron(iii)-reducing microbial communities from acidic subsurface sediments contaminated with uranium(vi). | iron(iii)-reducing bacteria have been demonstrated to rapidly catalyze the reduction and immobilization of uranium(vi) from contaminated subsurface sediments. thus, these organisms may aid in the development of bioremediation strategies for uranium contamination, which is prevalent in acidic subsurface sediments at u.s. government facilities. iron(iii)-reducing enrichment cultures were initiated from pristine and contaminated (high in uranium, nitrate; low ph) subsurface sediments at ph 7 and ph ... | 2003 | 14660400 |
| improved catalytic efficiency and active site modification of 1,4-beta-d-glucan glucohydrolase a from thermotoga neapolitana by directed evolution. | thermotoga neapolitana 1,4-beta-d-glucan glucohydrolase a preferentially hydrolyzes cello-oligomers, such as cellotetraose, releasing single glucose moieties from the reducing end of the cello-oligosaccharide chain. using directed evolution techniques of error-prone pcr and mutant library screening, a variant glucan glucohydrolase has been isolated that hydrolyzes the disaccharide, cellobiose, at a 31% greater rate than its wild type (wt) predecessor. the mutant library, expressed in escherichia ... | 2004 | 14660638 |
| biological role of lectins from the nitrogen-fixing paenibacillus polymyxa strain 1460 during bacterial-plant-root interactions. | enzyme-lectins li and lii from paenibacillus polymyxa 1460, when incubated with the carbohydrate moiety of the wheat-root exocomponent fraction, showed an increase in their proteolytic activity. this increase may be associated with the presence of lectin-specific carbohydrates in the root fraction. the lectins of the nitrogen-fixing paenibacilli enhance cellulose degradation in the plant cell, thus increasing the activity of beta-glucosidase in the wheat-root cell wall. | 2003 | 14669912 |
| identification of novel eubacteria from spent mushroom compost (smc) waste by dna sequence typing: ecological considerations of disposal on agricultural land. | a small study was undertaken to examine the microbiological characteristics of spent mushroom compost (smc), which is the major waste by-product of the mushroom industry and which is regularly disposed off by application to agricultural land. the primary aim of this study was to examine smc for the presence of faecal bacterial pathogens, including campylobacter spp., salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes. secondly it was desirable to quantify bacterial and fungal populations within smc, and ... | 2004 | 14672727 |
| paenibacillus favisporus sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from cow faeces. | during a search for xylan-degrading micro-organisms, a sporulated bacterium was recovered from recent and old cow dung and rectal samples. the isolates were identified as members of a novel species of the genus paenibacillus, based on 16s rrna gene sequences. according to the results of phylogenetic analysis, the most closely related species was paenibacillus azoreducens. phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses and dna-dna hybridization experiments also showed that the isolates belonged to a nove ... | 2004 | 14742459 |
| american foulbrood and african honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae). | we have taken samples of honey from individual beekeepers (n = 64), and of domestic (n = 35) and imported honey (n = 15) retailed in supermarkets in several sub-saharan countries and cultivated these samples for paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae heyndrickx et al. causing american foulbrood in honey bee colonies. the results are compared with samples of similar backgrounds and treated the same way but collected in sweden (n = 35). no p. larvae subsp. larvae spores were found in any honey produce ... | 2003 | 14977098 |
| microbial degradation of chlorobenzene under oxygen-limited conditions leads to accumulation of 3-chlorocatechol. | five bacterial strains (acidovorax facilis b517, cellulomonas turbata b529, pseudomonas veronii b547, pseudomonas veronii b549, and paenibacillus polymyxa b550) isolated on chlorobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy were screened for the accumulation of the putative metabolic intermediate 3-chlorocatechol during growth on chlorobenzene under oxygen-limited conditions in the presence and absence of nitrate (1 mm). 3-chlorocatechol accumulated in the growth media of all five strains, bu ... | 2004 | 14982371 |
| novel cry gene from paenibacillus lentimorbus strain semadara inhibits ingestion and promotes insecticidal activity in anomala cuprea larvae. | a positive clone was selected from a library of total cell dna of paenibacillus lentimorbus strain semadara that reacted with an antiserum that was raised against parasporal crystal proteins produced by this strain. the positive clone had a dna insert containing two whole cry genes (cry43aa1, cry43ba1), one partial cry gene (cry43-like), and three smaller genes located upstream. eight blocks that are conserved in the cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis [microbiol. mol. biol. rev. 62 (1998) 77 ... | 2004 | 14992857 |
| transcriptional immune responses by honey bee larvae during invasion by the bacterial pathogen, paenibacillus larvae. | honey bee larvae are highly susceptible to the bacterial pathogen paenibacillus larvae only during the first instar of larval development. transcript levels were measured for genes encoding two antimicrobial peptides, abaecin and defensin, as well as for two candidates in the immune response cascade (pgrp-ld and masquerade) in control larvae and larvae exposed to the pathogen. transcripts for all four are present throughout development. this suggests that other physiological or dietary factors m ... | 2004 | 15050840 |