Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the physiology of the koala. | 1980 | 7455663 | |
| immunohistological staining of lymphoid tissue in four australian marsupial species using species cross-reactive antibodies. | antibodies raised against evolutionarily conserved intracytoplasmic peptide sequences of human t and b lymphocyte antigens and an antibody raised specifically against koala serum igg were assessed for their capacity for immunoperoxidase staining of formalin fixed lymphoid tissues of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), common brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula), common ringtail possums (pseudocheirus peregrinus) and tammar wallabies (macropus eugenii). utilizing microwave pretreatment and a st ... | 1995 | 7493768 |
| biochemical and antigenical characterization of tannin-protein complex degrading enterobacteria isolated from koalas, phascolarctos cinereus. | biochemical and antigenical characteristics of tannin-protein complex degrading enterobacteria (t-pcde) isolated from koalas, phascolarctos cinereus, were investigated. t-pcde had a specific profile of characteristics, and t-pcde was distinguished from those of 12 type strains of enterobacteriaceae used. | 1995 | 7548421 |
| the arrangement of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and lymph pathways in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | gut-associated lymphoid tissues are poorly developed in koalas. they comprise paired caecocolic lymphoid patches, and a few small mesenteric lymph nodes. the patches lie opposite one another in the lateral gut wall at the junction of the ileum, caecum and proximal colon. the lymphoid parenchyma of the patches consists of a layer of nodules and internodular parenchyma in the submucosa. apoptosis is common in the nodules. the mucosa and lymphoid tissue of each patch is continuous over a caecocolic ... | 1994 | 7559107 |
| variation in reproductive parameters in the captive male koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | plasma androgen concentration was measured in six mature male koalas over 23 months. during this time, four animals were housed isolated from females. androgen concentration showed a seasonal change, with a nadir about the middle of the year, and began to increase sometime before the start of the breeding season. the concentration was greater when males were housed with females, even when the females were not yet cycling themselves. changes in androgen concentration were not associated with chan ... | 1994 | 7624512 |
| some aspects of the immune response of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) and in vitro neutralization of chlamydia psittaci (koala strains). | western-blot analysis was used to study the reaction of koala antisera, two specific polyclonal antibodies and one monoclonal antibody, with chlamydial antigens in koalas infected with chlamydia psittaci. the koala sera recognized four c. psittaci surface antigens, corresponding to the major outer membrane protein (39.5 kda), 31 kda protein, 18 kda protein and lipopolysaccharide. the s25-23 lps specific monoclonal antibody inhibited chlamydial infection (55-67%) with both koala strains (type i a ... | 1993 | 7682465 |
| chronic vascular catheterisation of the koala and the rabbit. | vascular access ports were surgically placed, first in rabbits maintained under laboratory conditions, and then in koalas maintained in a wildlife park. the ports remained patent for 9 months in rabbits and for up to 13 months in the koalas and were removed successfully. they allowed collection of blood samples without assistance or disturbance in koalas, and without stress as reflected by plasma cortisol concentration. the use of retention rings on the cannula tubing is recommended. | 1995 | 7779033 |
| evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia. | as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ... | 1994 | 7813517 |
| the marsupial mhc: the tammar wallaby, macropus eugenii, contains an expressed dna-like gene on chromosome 1. | in the placental mammal major histocompatibility complex (mhc) three main families of class ii genes, dr, dq, and dp, have been recognized. each family contains genes that code for one or more a- and b-chains. recent evidence has indicated that a fourth family can be described, the dn/do family. these four families arose sometime early in mammalian evolution. our purpose was to deduce the mhc of an early mammalian ancestor of marsupials and eutherians. using primers designed to conserved regions ... | 1994 | 8028029 |
| further characterisation of the immune response of the koala. | sensitive enzyme immunoassays (eia) were developed to monitor antibody (ab) production in the koala, in response to both soluble and particulate antigens (ag). when compared with a eutherian mammal, the rabbit, both the dynamics and kinetics of ab production in the koala were found to be severely retarded. in vitro, ag specific lymphocyte proliferative responses were demonstrated for the first time in this animal by sensitising koalas in vivo with bacillus calmet-guerin (bcg), with the level and ... | 1994 | 8042284 |
| rate of digesta passage in the philippine flying lemur, cynocephalus volans. | the rate of digesta passage was measured in five captive philippine flying lemurs (cynocephalus volans). these animals were force fed capsules containing known quantities of either particulate or soluble markers. the volumes of the gastrointestinal tracts of three flying lemurs were determined based on the wet weight of the contents of each section of the gut. the mean rate of digesta passage was 14.37 +/- 3.31 h when determined using the particulate marker and 21.9 +/- 0.03 h when determined us ... | 1994 | 8089309 |
| dna fingerprint analysis of a free-range koala population. | thirty-six koalas in a free-range queensland population were fingerprinted using an m13 probe in combination with mspi digestion. the technique was found to be highly repeatable, with estimates of 0.1-1.6% within-gel error and 0.1-2.5% between-gel error. of the 43 different-size fingerprint bands produced in the population, only 2 bands were common to all 36 koalas. ten bands were quite rare, occurring at a frequency of 0.2 or less. all 36 koalas had unique dna fingerprints (probability of 1.88 ... | 1993 | 8122995 |
| remarkable sequence relatedness in the dna encoding the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia psittaci (koala type i) and chlamydia pneumoniae. | dna encoding the major outer membrane protein (momp) of the koala type-i strain of chlamydia psittaci (pathogen responsible for blindness and infertility in koalas) was cloned and sequenced. comparison with momp gene sequences from other chlamydial species revealed a remarkable degree of homology (> 97%) with that of the human pathogen, chlamydia pneumoniae. in comparison, the sequence only shared 75% dna sequence homology with other c. psittaci members and 69% homology with c. trachomatis. the ... | 1994 | 8125292 |
| renal failure in a koala. | 1993 | 8216099 | |
| renal complications of cystitis in koalas. | 1993 | 8216100 | |
| immuno-dot blot as a rapid diagnostic method for detection of chlamydial infection in koalas (phasolarctos cinereus). | the sensitivity and specificity of an immunoscreening test for anti-chlamydial antibodies in koala (phasolarctos cinereus) serum were determined after the adsorption of non-specific antibodies. the results of the test were compared with complement fixation tests, tissue culture, gene probe analysis and dot blot immunoscreening for host-borne chlamydial antigen. the immunoscreening test was the most sensitive test for the identification of chlamydial infection in koala serum samples, furthermore ... | 1993 | 8236690 |
| secondary degenerative arthropathy (osteoarthrosis) of the hip joints in ageing, free-living koalas. | 1993 | 8257324 | |
| evidence for chlamydia pneumoniae of non-human origin. | this paper describes the characterization and taxonomic status of n16, a chlamydial isolate from the respiratory tract of a horse. n16 contains plasmid dna, has normal elementary body morphology and its inclusions do not stain with iodine. its major outer-membrane protein (momp) gene was completely sequenced and compared with the momp genes of chlamydia pneumoniae, c. psittaci, c. trachomatis and c. pecorum. this analysis revealed that n16 is closely related to the twar strain of c. pneumoniae ( ... | 1993 | 8277245 |
| preliminary investigations into the feasibility of freezing koala (phascolarctos cinereus) semen. | 1993 | 8280027 | |
| chlamydial infection in koalas under relatively little alienation pressure. | 1993 | 8280029 | |
| comparison of type i and type ii chlamydia psittaci strains infecting koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the native australian marsupial phascolarctos cinereus, otherwise known as the koala, is prone to infection by the obligate intracellular parasite chlamydia psittaci, which causes ocular 'pink eye' and urogenital 'dirty tail' diseases. several chlamydial dna probes to both chromosomal and plasmid sequences were used to type by southern blot analysis 51 samples taken from wild and captive koalas from habitats on the eastern seaboard of australia as far apart as queensland and victoria. two types ... | 1993 | 8296453 |
| structures of and allelic diversity and relationships among the major outer membrane protein (ompa) genes of the four chlamydial species. | dna sequences coding for 81% of the ompa gene from 24 chlamydial strains, representing all chlamydial species, were determined from dna amplified by polymerase chain reactions. chlamydial strains of serovars and strains with similar chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism had identical ompa dna sequences. the ompa sequences were segregated into 23 different ompa alleles and aligned with each other, and phylogenetic relationships among them were inferred by neighbor-joining and maxim ... | 1993 | 8419295 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a koala. | a 3-year-old male koala (phascolarctos cinereus) was evaluated because of severe acute respiratory distress. despite medical treatment, the koala died. gross and histologic lesions consistent with acute bacterial pneumonia were identified at necropsy and bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from pulmonary tissue. there are 2 prior reports from australia of fatal b bronchiseptica pneumonia in captive koalas. | 1993 | 8468231 |
| kangaroo care. | kangaroo care is the practice of holding a small, premature infant, naked except for a diaper and hat, against a parent's chest. this skin-to-skin contact resembles how marsupials such as kangaroos and koalas care for their young. initially established in overcrowded nurseries in developing countries as a substitute for incubators and monitors, kangaroo care is now practised in the neonatal intensive care units of developed countries. | 1993 | 8508434 |
| an investigation of gram-negative tannin-protein complex degrading bacteria in fecal flora of various mammals. | gram-negative tannin-protein complex degrading bacteria (t-pcdb) were first isolated from animals except for the koala. the occurrence of t-pcdb in feces of 15 species of mammals with different feeding habits was investigated. t-pcdb occurred in 7 of 54 horses but they could not be isolated from other mammals tested. these t-pcdb comprised less than 0.1% of the facultative anaerobic microflora in horse feces and it was much less than that previously reported in koala feces ( > 60%). a total of 7 ... | 1995 | 8593303 |
| the distribution of organised lymphoid tissue in the alimentary tracts of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) and possums (trichosurus vulpecula and pseudocheirus peregrinus). | the anatomical arrangement of organised lymphoid tissues of the alimentary tract for 3 australian marsupials, the koala (phascolarctos cinereus), the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula and the common ringtail possum (pseudocheirus peregrinus), was determined by gross dissection and acetic acid treatment. oropharyngeal tonsils were consistently found in the dorsolateral wall of the caudal oropharynx in all 3 species and additionally in the ventral soft palate of the koala. aggregated ... | 1996 | 8621325 |
| histological and immunohistological investigation of alimentary tract lymphoid tissue in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus), brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) and ringtail possum (pseudocheirus peregrinus). | the histological appearance and distribution of t cells, b cells and plasma cells were investigated for oropharyngeal tonsils, small intestinal lymphoid aggregations (peyer's patches), caecocolic lymphoid patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), common brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) and common ringtail possums (pseudocheirus peregrinus). the histological organisation and distribution of lymphoid cell subpopulations of these tissues were similar to those d ... | 1996 | 8621326 |
| low genetic variability of the koala phascolarctos cinereus in south-eastern australia following a severe population bottleneck. | genotyping of koalas at ca-repeat microsatellite loci has revealed significant differences in the levels of allelic diversity (a) and expected heterozygosity (h(e)) between populations from north-eastern and south-eastern australia. in the 10 populations studied, allelic diversity ranged from 8.0 in the nowendoc population to 1.7 in the kangaroo is. population, and values of h(e) ranged from 0.831 in the nowendoc population to 0.331 in the kangaroo is. population. data from pooled populations re ... | 1996 | 8673272 |
| histological and immunohistological study of the developing and involuting superficial cervical thymus in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | the thymuses of 44 koalas, ranging from less than 30 d to more than 14 y of age, were examined histologically and immunohistologically. the thymuses from 17 of these koalas dying acutely through trauma were regarded as not being significantly affected by disease and formed the basis for study of the normal thymus. most other koalas had chronic illness and, consequently, disease affected (involuted) thymuses. histologically, thymuses showed obvious corticomedullary differentiation with small hass ... | 1996 | 8771407 |
| identification of koala t lymphocytes using an anti-human cd3 antibody. | previous attempts to identify t lymphocytes in the koala using cross reacting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against other species t cell antigens (ags) and classical t cell lectins have proved unsuccessful. recently a polyclonal rabbit ab preparation directed at the epsilon chain of the human cd3 complex (anti-cd3) has become commercially available and has been shown to have broad cross-species reactivity. we have demonstrated that this anti-cd3 is suitable for labelling t cells from peripheral b ... | 1995 | 8773202 |
| the use of isoflurane to anaesthetise koalas (phascolarctus cinereus). | 1995 | 8825317 | |
| paternity exclusion in koalas using hypervariable microsatellites. | koala microsatellite loci containing the dinucleotide motif (ca)n were isolated from a size-fractionated (250-500 bp) koala genomic library and sequenced. six locus-specific primer pairs were designed and synthesized for dna amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). microsatellite genotyping of 12 individuals generated unique "fingerprints" for each koala. all six microsatellite loci were polymorphic, with a mean of 6.5 +/- 0.6 alleles/locus. this level of allelic diversity is cap ... | 2006 | 8830092 |
| evolution of mhc class i loci in marsupials: characterization of sequences from koala (phascolarctos cinereus) | we demonstrate that koala (phascolarctos cinereus) mhc class i constitutes a variable multigene family. a total of nine partial exon 2 and 3 major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i sequences are presented, including six sequences from at least three loci from one koala. variation was detected by examination of sequences from a number of individuals and family groups. the koala is the second marsupial species characterized to date, and comparisons reveal approximately 80% similarity with s ... | 1996 | 8865665 |
| effect of cooling and cryopreservation on sperm motility and morphology of several species of marsupial. | the effects of long-term cooling and freezing on sperm motility are described for six marsupial species: the fat-tailed dunnart, koala, brushtail possum, long-footed potoroo, northern brown bandicoot and ring-tailed possum. the effects of up to eight days of cooling at 4 degrees c on the motility of dunnart spermatozoa and the effect of cryopreservation on spermatozoa of the other species were determined. the cryoprotectant used was a tris-citrate-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol diluent. the percenta ... | 1996 | 8870089 |
| concentrations of thyroid hormones and iodothyronine binding proteins in serum of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | to examine circulating total and free thyroid hormone (t3 and t4) concentrations, determine serum iodothyronine binding characteristics and estimate thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) activity in sera of coastal and inland koalas. | 1996 | 8894007 |
| proctitis associated with chlamydial infection in a koala. | to describe proctitis associated with chlamydial infection in a koala. | 1996 | 8894023 |
| thymic lymphosarcoma of t cell lineage in a koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | to diagnose and characterise thymic lymphosarcoma in a koala. | 1996 | 8894024 |
| a latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test for diagnosis and monitoring of therapy for cryptococcosis. | a latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test (lcat) was performed on sera obtained during the first 14 days of treatment from 58 animals (46 cats, 9 dogs, 2 koalas and 1 long billed corella) with cryptococcosis. the same commercial kit was used for all samples, and most serum samples were treated with pronase before testing. sera from all 58 cases tested positive with the qualitative lcat protocol (using undiluted sera), while sera from all 26 cats without cryptococcosis tested negative. titr ... | 1996 | 8941415 |
| perioperative nursing--a course for the future. | australia is home to a number of endangered species--the koala perhaps being the most well known. i will discuss another familiar species which is nonetheless in danger of extinction--the perioperative registered nurse. my paper will propose a strategy to increase their numbers within their normal habitat of the operating suite. | 1996 | 8974520 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the genus chlamydia based on 16s rrna gene sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships among chlamydia spp. were investigated by comparing 16s rrna gene sequences. in this analysis we used 14 strains of chlamydia psittaci, including seven feline isolates, two avian isolates, two human isolates, one bovine isolates, one ovine isolate, and one koala isolate; and nine strains of chlamydia trachomatis, including six human isolates, two swine isolates, and one mouse isolate. a phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequences of these organisms and sev ... | 1997 | 9103632 |
| energy budget in free-living animals: a novel approach based on the doubly labeled water method. | we provide a theoretical and practical model for the calculation of energy balance of free-living animals using the doubly labeled water method. energy expenditure, metabolizable energy intake, and body energy balance (energy retention, negative or positive) of animals are estimated using co2 production, water influx, and dietary habits. this model accounts for co2 produced from the 1) oxidation of dietary substrates, 2) catabolism of body tissue, and 3) deposition of body energy. we examined th ... | 1997 | 9140038 |
| histopathological and immunohistochemical investigation of naturally occurring chlamydial conjunctivitis and urogenital inflammation in koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | formalin-fixed conjunctival and urogenital (urinary bladder, urogenital sinus and prostate or penis, or both) samples obtained from 29 free-living koalas were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for the presence and character of inflammation and for evidence of chlamydiae. five koalas had no inflammation at any site examined and were chlamydia-negative. twenty-four koalas had inflammation at one or more sites and 18 were positive for chlamydiae by serology or antigen detection ... | 1997 | 9147246 |
| characteristics of koala (phascolarctos cinereus adustus) semen collected by artificial vagina. | collection of semen using a modified ovine artificial vagina was attempted on 90 occasions from 25 queensland koalas (phascolarctos cinereus adustus). complete ejaculates consisting of a copulatory plug and sperm fraction were collected on 36 occasions (40%) from 19 animals. seventeen of the males produced a complete ejaculate on their first or second service. failure to collect semen (38%) and the collection of partial ejaculates (14.5%) was attributed to lack of sexual interest, aggressive beh ... | 1997 | 9155742 |
| conservation genetics of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus): low mitochondrial dna variation amongst southern australian populations. | koala (phascolarctos cinereus) populations in southern australia have a history of bottlenecks-earlier this century the species became extinct in south australia, and almost so in victoria. subsequently large numbers of animals from island populations (founded from very few animals) have been translocated back to mainland sites and to other islands in the region. as part of a larger study of the genetic structure of koala populations in southern australia, we have undertaken a survey of mitochon ... | 1997 | 9164173 |
| evolutionary relationships among members of the genus chlamydia based on 16s ribosomal dna analysis. | nucleotide sequences from strains of the four species currently in the genus chlamydia, c. pecorum, c. pneumoniae, c. psittaci, and c. trachomatis were investigated. in vitro-amplified rna genes of the ribosomal small subunit from 30 strains of c. pneumoniae and c. pecorum were subjected to solid-phase dna sequencing of both strands. the human isolates of c. pneumoniae differed in only one position in the 16s rrna gene, indicating genetic homogeneity among these strains. interestingly, horse iso ... | 1997 | 9209033 |
| nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis. | naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. concurrent cryptococcal ... | 1997 | 9258419 |
| evaluating a new intrauterine pressure catheter. | to evaluate the performance and verify the safety of the koala intrauterine pressure catheter (iupc) in clinical use. | 1997 | 9284013 |
| comparison of the omp i gene of chlamydia psittaci between isolates in victorian koalas and other animal species. | the objective of this study is to compare the strain of chlamydia causing genital infection in koalas from victoria with isolates from other animal species. | 1997 | 9293340 |
| informative enzyme/probe combinations for the multilocus dna fingerprinting of marsupials. | dna fingerprinting has become an invaluable tool in the study of population genetics, paternity success, and individual identification; however, the species specificity of some methods has made the wide-range screening of many different species very time-consuming. in this study we describe the development and application of reliable and informative dna fingerprinting techniques in a range of marsupial species using three different restriction enzyme and two oligonucleotide probe combinations. s ... | 1997 | 9378146 |
| differentiation between human and animal isolates of cryptosporidium parvum using rdna sequencing and direct pcr analysis. | sequence analysis of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified 298-bp region of the cryptosporidium parvum 18s rrna gene was carried out on 10 human and 9 animal isolates. eight of the 9 animal isolates and 3 human isolates displayed the recognition sequence tatattt, whereas 7/10 human isolates exhibited the recognition sequence ttttttttttt. sequence analysis of the ninth animal isolate, which was recovered from a koala, revealed this isolate to be different from both human and animal isolates ... | 1997 | 9379285 |
| production of milk and nutrition of the dependent young of free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | the production of milk by lactating females, and energy expenditure and foliage intake of their dependent young, were investigated in free-ranging koalas. koalas had the lowest mass-specific daily milk-energy production at peak lactation so far recorded in a mammal, but the duration of reproduction was 58% longer than the combined marsupial and eutherian average. as a consequence, the total energy input to reproduction in koalas was similar to that in other mammals. we propose that the prolonged ... | 2017 | 9472812 |
| apicoectomy on an incisor tooth of a victorian koala (phascolarctos cinereus victor). | an eight-year-old victorian koala was presented with a discharging mandibular sinus of at least one month duration. on examination, a dental abscess of the right mandibular incisor tooth was found. during the course of endodontic treatment, a size 2 gates glidden bur separated from the shank and was lodged in the canal. due to the anatomy of the tooth the bur could not be removed and an apicoectomy was performed. following the apicoectomy (follow-up period two years), the periapical pathology re ... | 1996 | 9520792 |
| development of the male urogenital system of the koala phascolarctos cinereus. | this paper described several developmental stages of the male urogenital system in the koala phascolarctos cinereus, employing both light and scanning electron microscopy. there are few studies of the development of the urogenital system in male marsupials. findings by white and timms (1994) that male koalas can be infected with chlamydia psittaci emphasise the importance of studies on male animals and in particular their reproductive system. specimens in our study ranged in age from 15 days pos ... | 1998 | 9543340 |
| diabetes mellitus in a koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | to describe a case of diabetes mellitus in a koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | 1998 | 9578758 |
| morphology of the thyroid in coastal and noncoastal populations of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) in queensland. | the gross morphology, histology, and ultrastructure of the thyroid gland of the koala, phascolarctos cinereus, is described. generally, the glands were found to contain large-diameter follicles in association with an epithelium of low height. morphometric analysis demonstrated a high relative thyroid weight (0.3 +/- 0.2 g/kg) for koalas compared with the 0.07-0.24 g/kg typical of eutherian mammals and 0.03-0.1 g/kg found in other marsupials. the relative thyroid weight of glands (0.33 +/- 0.21 g ... | 1998 | 9593650 |
| antibiotics for the preservation of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) semen. | to determine the normal microbial flora of the koala ejaculate and prepuce in order to select appropriate antibiotics for addition into diluents designed for the preservation of semen. | 1998 | 9631702 |
| lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes in koala type i chlamydia: cloning and characterization. | we showed in 1988 that there are two strains of chlamydia psittaci which infect the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). in order to further investigate the role of these chlamydial strains in pathogenesis, we have attempted to identify genes of koala type i strain chlamydia which are involved in the immunogenic response. transformation of escherichia coli with a plasmid containing a 6.3-kb fragment (pkoc-10) of c. psittaci dna caused the appearance of a specific chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) e ... | 1997 | 9765820 |
| genetic variation in captive koalas (phascolarctos cinereus): parentage determination and individual identification. | highly repeatable randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were developed for parentage studies in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). of the 25 rapd primers screened, 5 (20.0%) produced 32 repeatable polymorphic rapd bands (average/primer = 6.4 +/- 4.2). a high level of polymorphism was observed for each group of koalas (featherdale, 71.9%; lone pine, 84.4%). all 25 koalas could be uniquely identified using either rapd or microsatellite markers. of the 32 rapd markers generated in koal ... | 1998 | 9775351 |
| the effect of oestrus and the presence of pouch young on aerobic bacteria isolated from the pouch of the tammar wallaby, macropus eugenii. | qualitative changes in the culturable, aerobic bacterial flora isolated from the tammar pouch have been documented over the period leading up to oestrus, at the time of anticipated birth and in absence and presence of pouch young of varying ages. in a group of 12 animals studied thirty species of aerobic bacteria were isolated. twenty five species were found in pouches with no pouch young, 9 in pouches with young less than 3 weeks of age and 9 in pouches containing older animals. gram positive o ... | 1998 | 9775355 |
| genetic variation of mitochondrial cytochrome b genes among the subspecies of koala, phascolarctos cinereus. | a conserved dna region among the subspecies of koala, of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, was employed to analyze the genetic variation among 3 available subspecies of koala. this conserved sequence, 307 bp dna, was sequenced using polymerase chain reaction and direct dna sequencing technique. substitutions in the nucleotide sequences were observed, with which koalas can be divided into 3 dna haplotypes subspecies, but the molecular data provided inconsistency with current classification of the ... | 1998 | 9819775 |
| species and strain-specific typing of cryptosporidium parasites in clinical and environmental samples. | cryptosporidiosis has recently attracted attention as an emerging waterborne and foodborne disease as well as an opportunistic infection in hiv infected individuals. the lack of genetic information, however, has resulted in confusion in the taxonomy of cryptosporidium parasites and in the development of molecular tools for the identification and typing of oocysts in environmental samples. phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene has shown that the genus cryptospor ... | 1998 | 9830539 |
| lymphoid neoplasia in the koala. | correlation of immunophenotype with history, anatomical and morphological features of lymphoid neoplasia in the koala. | 1998 | 9972434 |
| sequence and pcr-rflp analysis of the internal transcribed spacers of the rdna repeat unit in isolates of cryptosporidium from different hosts. | the cryptosporidium its1, 5.8s and its2 rdna regions from a number of cryptosporidium isolates from different hosts and geographical areas were cloned and sequenced in order to investigate the extent of sequence heterogeneity between human and cattle-derived isolates from different geographical locations and also between isolates of cryptosporidium from different hosts such as cats, pigs, mice and a koala. calf-derived isolates from different continents were virtually identical as were human-der ... | 1999 | 10070661 |
| characterization of the koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae at four gene loci--ompavd4, ompb, 16s rrna, groesl spacer region. | koalas are infected with two species of chlamydia, c. pecorum and c. pneumoniae. while it is known that significant genetic diversity occurs in the c. pecorum strains infecting koalas, very little is known about the c. pneumoniae strains that infect this host. in the current study, 10 isolates of koala c. pneumoniae were analysed at four gene loci and found to be different to both the human and horse c. pneumoniae strains at all loci (biovar differences ranging from 0.3% at groesl up to 9.0% at ... | 1999 | 10188275 |
| serum antibody response to cryptococcus neoformans in cats, dogs and koalas with and without active infection. | anti-cryptococcal antibodies were measured in normal cats, dogs, horses and koalas, and cats, dogs and koalas with cryptococcosis using an enzyme immunoassay. antibody levels were expressed as absorbance readings. over 80% of cats and dogs with cryptococcal infection had elevated antibody levels at the time of diagnosis, during or after successful therapy. antibody levels in these patients either remained elevated or declined slowly after treatment. for cats, anti-cryptococcal antibody levels we ... | 1999 | 10200933 |
| epizootiology of chlamydia infections in two free-range koala populations. | the prevalence of chlamydia pecorum and chlamydia pneumoniae infections in two free-range koala populations was assessed using genus-specific pcr combined with species-specific dna probe hybridisation. population a had a very high overall level of chlamydial infection (85%) with significantly more of these infections being due to c. pecorum (73%) compared to c. pneumoniae (24%). the second population had a much lower prevalence of infection (10%) with equal levels of both species. an important f ... | 1999 | 10223324 |
| randomly amplified polymorphic dna variation in populations of eastern australian koalas, phascolarctos cinereus. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) variation in populations of the koala, phascolarctos cinereus, was investigated, revealing significant differences in the level of diversity between southern and northern regions of eastern australia. of the 20 polymorphic rapd markers identified in koalas, 4-7 were polymorphic in southern populations, while 12-17 were polymorphic in northern populations. analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant difference in the estimated variance between k ... | 1998 | 10230519 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae in a free-ranging giant barred frog (mixophyes iteratus) from australia. | the koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae was identified in lung tissue from a sick, free-ranging giant barred frog (mixophyes iteratus) by using electron microscopy, c. pneumoniae-specific fluorescent-antibody staining, cell culture, and sequencing of the ompa, ompb and 16s rrna genes. this is the first report of a chlamydial strain infecting both a homeotherm and a poikilotherm and only the fourth host (in addition to humans, koalas, and horses) to be naturally infected with this species of chl ... | 1999 | 10364623 |
| hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in the koala and tammar wallaby: high 17beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity in koala liver microsomes. | we have studied the hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolising capacity of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii). total cytochrome p450 content in hepatic microsomes from koala (0.87 +/- 0.18 nmol/mg protein, n = 4, mean (s.d.) and rat were comparable while tammar wallaby displayed reduced p450 content (0.24 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein). associated microsomal activities (nadph cytochrome p450 reductase, aminopyrine n-demethylation, aniline hydroxylation, and androsten ... | 1999 | 10390058 |
| phylogeographic differentiation in the mitochondrial control region in the koala, phascolarctos cinereus (goldfuss 1817). | the koala, phascolarctos cinereus, is a geographically widespread species endemic to australia, with three currently recognized subspecies: p.c. adustus, p.c. cinereus, and p.c. victor. intraspecific variation in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region was examined in over 200 animals from 16 representative populations throughout the species' range. eighteen different haplotypes were defined in the approximately 860 bp mtdna control region, as determined by heteroduplex analysis/temperature ... | 1999 | 10434420 |
| isolation and characterization of marsupial il5 genes. | the genomic nucleotide sequence and chromosomal position of the interleukin 5 (il5) gene has been described for the model marsupial macropus eugenii (tammar wallaby). a 272 base pair genomic il5 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) product spanning exon 3, intron 3, and exon 4 was generated using stripe-faced dunnart (sminthopsis macroura) dna. this pcr product was used to isolate a genomic lambda clone containing the complete il5 gene from a tammar wallaby embl3 lambda library. sequencing revealed t ... | 1999 | 10501836 |
| asymptomatic carriage of cryptococcus neoformans in the nasal cavity of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | over a 22-month period, sequential nasal and skin swabs were obtained from 52 healthy captive koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) from the sydney region. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in 17 koalas from 64 of 262 (24%) nasal swabs and from nine of 262 (3%) skin swabs. prevalence of nasal colonization varied seasonally from 12% (3/25) to 38% (10/26). cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii alone was cultured from 37, var. neoformans alone from 22 and both varieties from five nasal swabs. of 33 koal ... | 1999 | 10520157 |
| genetic diversity and gene flow among southeastern queensland koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | habitat fragmentation and destruction associated with the rapid urban and rural development of southeast queensland presents an immediate threat to the survival of koala populations within this region. a sensitive method combining heteroduplex analysis (hda) with temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (tgge) was optimized to detect within-species variation in a mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control-region fragment, approximately 670 bp in length, from the koala. eight different haplotypes were cha ... | 2000 | 10672159 |
| ultrastructural observations on in vivo fertilisation in the brushtail possum, trichosurus vulpecula, following pmsg/lh superovulation and artificial insemination. | information on the dynamics of gamete interaction in marsupials is very limited and not available for any species from the major australian order diprotodontia which includes most of the more familiar animals such as kangaroos, possums and the koala. this study addressed this deficiency by examining the ultrastructure of in vivo fertilised eggs from common brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula). females were superovulated by treatment with 15 iu pmsg and then 4 mg porcine lh 3 days later, and ... | 1999 | 10717949 |
| the nucleotide sequence of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) retrovirus: a novel type c endogenous virus related to gibbon ape leukemia virus. | a novel retrovirus, morphologically consistent with mammalian c-type retroviruses, was detected by electron microscopy in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 163 koalas and in lymphoma tissue from 3 koalas. pcr amplified provirus from the blood and tissues of 17 wild and captive koalas, and reverse transcriptase-pcr demonstrated viral mrna, viral genomic rna, and reverse transcriptase activity in koala serum and cell culture supernatants. comparison of viral sequen ... | 2000 | 10756041 |
| detection of chlamydia pneumoniae dna and antigen in the circulating mononuclear cell fractions of humans and koalas. | chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen of humans which, in addition to causing disease at the respiratory site, has recently been linked to disease at other body sites. if c. pneumoniae does contribute to disease at nonrespiratory sites, then it must have a mechanism by which it reaches these sites. we analyzed the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) fractions from 60 healthy human blood donors for the presence of c. pneumoniae dna (by ompa pcr) and chlamydial antigens (by ge ... | 2000 | 10768968 |
| the roles of histology and immunohistology in the investigation of marsupial disease and normal lymphoid tissue. | this review acquaints scientists with current information related to the application of histology and immunohistology to the studies of normal lymphoid tissues and specific diseases in marsupials. histological examination of tissue is a necessary prerequisite for immunohistological examination because it establishes tissue structure and detects specific areas of disease which allow the selection of smaller areas for immunohistological examination. information is provided on the basic techniques ... | 2000 | 10785271 |
| an internet-based learning portfolio in resident education: the koala multicentre programme. | to describe the computerized obstetrics and gynecology automated learning anaalysis (koalatrade mark), a multicentre, internet-based learning portfolio and to determine its effects on residents' perception of their self-directed learning abilities. | 2000 | 10792690 |
| the frequency of extramembranous placement of intrauterine pressure catheters. | objective: to determine, and confirm, the frequency of extramembranous placement of intrauterine pressure catheters.methods: it is estimated that 15% of all deliveries in the united states (600,000 deliveries/year) receive intrauterine pressure catheters (iupcs). this study quantifies the frequency of inadvertently placing iupcs between the chorioamnionic membranes and the myometrium. an attempt was made to aspirate amniotic fluid during placement. if amniotic fluid was obtained, the catheter wa ... | 1998 | 10838348 |
| optimal physicochemical conditions for the manipulation and short-term preservation of koala (phascolarctos cinereus) spermatozoa. | protocols for the successful manipulation and preservation of semen in a given species depend upon a fundamental knowledge of how spermatozoa respond to the physicochemical conditions of the extension media; methods developed for the preservation of eutherian spermatozoa may not necessarily be suitable for marsupial semen. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects on koala sperm motility of serial dilution, changes in temperature, diluent ph and osmolality to establish the optimal phy ... | 2000 | 10864791 |
| interspecific variation of zona pellucida glycoconjugates in several species of marsupial. | the zona pellucida glycoconjugate content of several marsupial species was investigated using differential lectin histochemistry. ovaries from fat-tailed dunnarts, a southern brown bandicoot, grey short-tailed opossums, brushtail possums, ringtail possums, koalas and eastern grey kangaroos were fixed, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned and stained with ten fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins. sections were also incubated with either neuraminidase or saponified, respectively, before in ... | 2000 | 10864820 |
| protein microanalysis of animal tears. | sub-microlitre volumes of normal koala, mouse, dog, rat and cat tears were fractionated using size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography (se - hplc), giving reproducible profiles which were different for each species. microlitre volumes of tears were also fractionated using sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds - page), resulting in good separation of individual tear proteins with a species specific distribution. tears from koalas with conjunctivitis and mice ... | 2000 | 10877964 |
| an undescribed demodex sp. and demodicosis in a captive koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | a 12-yr-old male koala (phascolarctos cinereus) in a zoo collection developed bilateral, noninflammatory, periocular alopecia. deep periocular skin scrapings yielded multiple adult, nymphal, and larval mites of a previously undescribed demodex species. skin biopsies from affected areas revealed multiple mites in superficial keratin and within hair follicles, associated with a mild intramural lymphocytic folliculitis. treatment with daily oral ivermectin was safe and effective. although demodex s ... | 2000 | 10884134 |
| studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | as an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. the oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. the mean (+/- sem) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) a ... | 2000 | 11006145 |
| natural and artificial methods for inducing the luteal phase in the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | an experiment was conducted in which female koalas were mated for different durations of intromission and ejaculation to confirm that the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in koalas is induced by the physical act of mating. results showed that induction of a luteal phase in the koala usually required a complete duration of penile thrusting behaviour from the male. it is proposed that induction of a luteal phase in koalas may involve a copuloceptive reflex, triggered by the thrusting of the male ... | 2000 | 11006146 |
| the olfactory receptor gene superfamily: data mining, classification, and nomenclature. | the vertebrate olfactory receptor (or) subgenome harbors the largest known gene family, which has been expanded by the need to provide recognition capacity for millions of potential odorants. we implemented an automated procedure to identify all or coding regions from published sequences. this led us to the identification of 831 or coding regions (including pseudogenes) from 24 vertebrate species. the resulting dataset was subjected to neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis and classified into 3 ... | 2000 | 11063259 |
| the corneal surface of aquatic vertebrates: microstructures with optical and nutritional function? | the anterior surface of the mammalian cornea plays an important role in maintaining a smooth optical interface and consequently a sharp retinal image. the smooth surface is produced by a tear film, which adheres to a variety of microprojections, which increase the cell surface area, improve the absorbance of oxygen and nutrients and aid in the movement of metabolic products across the outer cell membrane. however, little is known of the structural adaptations and tear film support provided in ot ... | 2000 | 11079392 |
| cholesterol metabolsim defect associated with conradi-hunerman-happle syndrome. | we present a 6-week-old black girl with conradi-hunerman-happle syndrome (chs). the mother had no past medical history of illness, and the pregnancy progressed normally to a spontaneous vaginal delivery at 36 weeks. there was no known significant family history. a diagnosis of chondrodysplasia punctata was made at birth from physical examination and x-ray findings. on physical examination at 6 weeks, a koala face, a saddle nose, and a right-sided cataract were noted (fig. 1a,b). there was unilat ... | 2000 | 11123447 |
| the structural organisation of sperm head components of the wombat and koala (suborder: vombatiformes): an enigma amongst marsupials. | the sperm head structural organisation of the koala and hairy-nosed wombat, and the effects of varying concentrations of the ionic detergent, triton x-100, on its component parts, were determined by electron microscopy. although alike in form between the 2 species, the sperm nucleus of the former, but not the latter, had nuclear vacuoles and appeared to be more easily dispersed by the triton x-100. the structure of the acrosome of the spermatozoon was similar between the 2 species and, in both, ... | 2001 | 11215768 |
| marsupial, insectivore, and chiropteran anesthesia. | this article covers the manual restraint and anesthesia of marsupials, insectivores, and chiroptera. marsupials commonly kept as pets in the u.s. [e.g., eastern gray kangaroos (macropus giganteus), bennett's wallabies (macropus rufogriseus), and sugar gliders (petaurus breviceps)] are covered in detail. marsupial species kept in zoological parks [e.g., tasmanian devils, koalas (phascolarctos cinereus), and common wombats (vombatus ursinus)] are covered in less detail. of the insectivores, only t ... | 2001 | 11217462 |
| cytochrome p450 4a, peroxisomal enzymes and nicotinamide cofactors in koala liver. | we have examined hepatic levels of microsomal lauric acid hydroxylase activity and cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl coenzyme a oxidative activity in koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii) and compared our results to those determined in rat. microsomal lauric acid hydroxylation was significantly higher in koala than in tammar wallaby or rat. however, cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl-coa oxidation was absent in the koala. we have also determined the hepatic nicotinamide cof ... | 2000 | 11246504 |
| characterisation of tolbutamide hydroxylase activity in the common brushtail possum, (trichosurus vulpecula) and koala (phascolarctos cinereus): inhibition by the eucalyptus terpene 1,8-cineole. | plant constituents such as terpenes are major constituents of the essential oil in eucalyptus sp. 1,8-cineole and p-cymene (terpenes present in high amounts in eucalyptus leaves) are potential substrates for the cyp family of enzymes. we have investigated tolbutamide hydroxylase as a probe substrate reaction in both koala and terpene pretreated and control brushtail possum liver microsomes and examined inhibition of this reaction by eucalyptus terpenes. the specific activity determined for tolbu ... | 2000 | 11246507 |
| xenobiotic metabolism in australian marsupials. | the australian marsupials are significant and unique australian fauna. xenobiotic metabolism is the process of enzymatic modification of xenobiotics, which include the chemicals, such as agricultural chemicals and natural dietary toxins, that these animals may be exposed to. very little is known about the enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism in this unique group of animals. folivore marsupials such as the koala (phascolarctos cinereus and the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) represe ... | 2001 | 11255110 |
| mycobacterium ulcerans in wild animals. | mycobacterium ulcerans infection, or buruli ulcer, is the third most frequent mycobacterial disease in humans, often causing serious deformities and disability. the disease is most closely associated with tropical wetlands, especially in west and central africa. most investigators believe that the aetiological agent proliferates in mud beneath stagnant waters. modes of transmission may involve direct contact with the contaminated environment, aerosols from water surfaces, and water-dwelling faun ... | 2001 | 11288515 |
| anatomy and development of the koala, phascolarctos cinereus: an evolutionary perspective on the superfamily vombatoidea. | fifteen koalas (phascolarctos cinereus)--5 pouched young from 4 to 6.5 months and 10 adults from 5 to 16.5 years--were analyzed for functional parameters (body composition, limb segment and muscle mass, post-cranial skeletal characters) and developmental expressions (growth of body, brain, musculature). these data were compared with a convergent eutherian, the three-toed sloth, bradypus infuscatus, and with the koala's distant (macropodid; wallabies) and proximate (vombatid; wombats) marsupial r ... | 2001 | 11303907 |
| genetic characterization of a chlamydophila pneumoniae isolate from an african frog and comparison to currently accepted biovars. | the amphibian isolate de177 identified as chlamydophila (c.) pneumoniae was sequenced in five genomic regions: 16s ribosomal rna gene, 16-23s intergenic spacer, ompa, ompb, and groesl genes. comparison with corresponding sequences of the currently accepted equine, human and koala biovars of c. pneumoniae revealed that koala strains represented the most closely related taxon, although sequence dissimilarities in the ompa (vd4) and ompb gene regions were noted. in this respect, the present isolate ... | 2001 | 11403400 |
| microsomal metabolism of the terpene 1,8-cineole in the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula), koala (phascolarctos cinereus), rat and human. | 1. this study reports on the pathways of metabolism and enzyme kinetics of the eucalyptus terpene, 1,8-cineole, by liver microsomes from the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula) and koala (phascolarctos cinereus) (animals that normally include this terpene in their diet), rat and human. 2. the rank order of the ability to metabolize 1,8-cineole with respect to overall 1,8-cineole intrinsic clearance (cl'int = vmax/kmax in microl mg protein(-1) min(-1)) was koala (188) > possum (181)>> rat (2 ... | 2001 | 11465406 |
| metabolites of dietary 1,8-cineole in the male koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | the in vivo metabolic fate of 1,8-cineole was investigated in six male koalas. koalas were fed ad lib a diet of eucalyptus cephalocarpa leaf with a 1,8-cineole concentration of 2.53+/-0.70% dry mass of leaf, corresponding to a 1,8-cineole intake of 2.4+/-1.1 mmol/kg (3.1+/-1.3 g). urine and faeces were collected for 24 h and metabolites identified by gc-ms and lc-ms. metabolites were quantified before and after hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase to give free and total levels, respectively. fract ... | 2001 | 11489436 |
| koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae infects human and koala monocytes and induces increased uptake of lipids in vitro. | we examined the ability of the koala biovar of chlamydia pneumoniae to infect both hep-2 cells and human monocytes and the effect of infection on the formation of foam cells. the koala biovar produced large inclusions in both human and koala monocytes and in hep-2 cells. koala c. pneumoniae induced foam cell formation with and without added low-density lipoprotein, in contrast to tw183, which produced increased foam cell formation only in the presence of low-density lipoprotein. | 2001 | 11705973 |
| the connection between cognitive development and specific fears and worries in normal children and children with below-average intellectual abilities: a preliminary study. | the present study explored the relationship between cognitive development and anxiety phenomena in 4-12-year-old children. fears and worries of normal children (n=176) were compared to those of children with below-average intellectual abilities (children with baia; n=105). we evaluated to what extent level of cognitive development as indexed by a piagetian conservation task was associated with the presence of fears and worries. while normal children and children with baia did not differ with reg ... | 2002 | 11762426 |