Publications

the role of the reticuloendothelial system in the immunopathology of marek's disease.	the role of macrophages in immunity against marek's disease (md) was studied. chickens of one group were subjected to depletion of macrophages using repeated doses of francil amorphous silica and those of another group were subjected to activation of macrophages using repeated doses of brewer's thioglycollate broth. chickens of a third group were vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys fc 126 vaccine followed by depletion of macrophages. chickens of these three groups, as well as groups of health ...	1989	2549684
identification of virus-specific polypeptides by monoclonal antibodies against serotype 2 marek's disease virus.	a total of 41 antibody-secreting hybridoma cells against the hprs24 strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) type 2 (mdv2) have been isolated. of these monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 24 were found by immunofluorescence tests to react specifically with mdv2-infected cells, but not mdv type 1 (mdv1)- or herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)-infected cells, while eight reacted with mdv1- or mdv2-infected cells and nine with mdv1-, mdv2- or hvt-infected cells. by using these mabs, seven classes of mdv type-speci ...	1989	2552003
studies on the pathology of marek's disease following challenge in chicks vaccinated with three different vaccines.	the pathology of marek's disease (md) was studied in chickens vaccinated separately with three different vaccines, namely herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), inactivated marek's disease virus (imdv) and a bivalent vaccine. the md-specific mortality following challenge was significantly lower (2.0 per cent) in bivalent vaccinated birds than in those vaccinated with either hvt (5.9 per cent) or imdv (13.7 per cent) alone. the occurrence, extent and severity of gross lymphomas and lymphoproliferative les ...	1989	2555401
a comparative analysis of the sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of a gammaherpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri.	we present the nucleotide sequence of a region from the genome of the a + t-rich gammaherpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri (hvs), which includes the coding sequences for the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene. the organization of genes in this region resembles the homologous region of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) genome and is very compact, using overlapping coding sequences and with nucleotides shared by initiation and termination codons of neighbouring reading frames. the hvs tk is predicted to cont ...	1989	2555434
nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus thymidine kinase genes; comparison with thymidine kinase genes of other herpesviruses.	in this paper we present the nucleotide sequences of the thymidine kinase (tk) genes of two avian herpesviruses: a highly oncogenic strain of marek's disease virus (mdv strain rb1b) and its serologically related vaccine virus, the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt strain fc-126). the predicted coding regions of the two genes are 1029 and 1050 nucleotides respectively, corresponding to polypeptides of 343 and 350 amino acids in length. putative nucleotide- and nucleoside-binding sites have been identif ...	1989	2555435
homologies between herpesvirus of turkey and marek's disease virus type-1 dnas within two co-linearly arranged open reading frames, one encoding glycoprotein a.	the genomes of two avian herpesviruses, marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) and herpesvirus of turkey (hvt), share close homology only within certain dna regions. one such homologous region of hvt dna was cloned and sequenced. two open reading frames (orfs) were found in the long unique region, orf1 encoding the glycoprotein a (ga), and orf2 encoding a still unidentified protein. these two hvt-orfs are located at almost the same positions as the homologous mdv1-orfs. the nucleotide sequence homo ...	1989	2558972
genomic difference of herpesvirus of turkeys at low and high passage levels in culture of o1 and fc126 strains.	serial passages in culture of herpesvirus of turkeys resulted in structural genomic changes at the regions common to two virus strains with loss of their protective ability against marek's disease.	1989	2615678
genetic and biochemical characterization of the thymidine kinase gene from herpesvirus of turkeys.	the thymidine kinase gene encoded by herpesvirus of turkeys has been identified and characterized. a viral mutant (atr0) resistant to 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine was isolated. this mutant was also resistant to 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-d-arabinofuronosyl)-5-methyluracil and was unable to incorporate [125i]deoxycytidine into dna. the mutant phenotype was rescued by a cloned region of the turkey herpesvirus genome whose dna sequence was found to contain an open reading frame similar to that fo ...	1989	2724415
characterization of a highly transcribed dna region of herpesvirus of turkeys.	a highly transcribed dna region of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) codes for multiple species of rna. although the rna is transcribed from both strands of dna, no overlapping complementary transcripts have been detected. the complete nucleotide sequence corresponding to the cdna of one of the hvt transcripts was determined. this sequence is highly homologous to the nucleotide sequence of marek's disease virus antigen gp57-65-coding gene and appears to represent the corresponding hvt-coding gene.	1989	2792768
marek's disease: a model for protection against herpesvirus-induced tumours.	marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by a herpesvirus (mdv). several effective vaccines have been developed and md is therefore often considered as a model for studying antitumour vaccines. key factors for the understanding of vaccine-induced immunity are discussed. three serotypes have been characterized: serotype 1 or oncogenic mdv, serotype 2 or non-oncogenic mdv and serotype 3 or herpesvirus of turkeys. the three serotypes have clearly different genomes an ...	1987	2825984
turkey herpesvirus. vii. the evolution of marek's disease in chickens vaccinated at one day of age and challenged at different periods of time after vaccination.	the single comb white leghorn, the cornell s strain chickens vaccinated at one day of age with cell free herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) 100 and 1000 focus forming-units (ffu) per bird were raised in isolatores. at different periods of time the vaccinated and control chickens were reared together with chickens with clinical symptoms of marek's disease previously inoculated with jm-strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) in a separate isolation room throughout the experiment. the specific protective ef ...	1988	2837003
gene sequence and mapping data from marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys: implications for herpesvirus classification.	purified dnas from marek's disease virus (mdv) and the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were randomly sheared and cloned into the m13 bacteriophage. two-hundred and ten mdv and 130 hvt clones were sequenced to give representative samples of the genome sequences. the predicted amino acid sequences from these gammaherpes-viruses were compared to known sequences from other herpesviruses using computer analysis. thirty-five mdv and 24 hvt genes were identified by comparison with varicella-zoster virus ( ...	1988	2841415
presence of natural suppressor cells in the chicken embryo spleen and the effect of virus infection of the embryo on suppressor cell activity.	spleen cells but not the thymus or the bursa cells of chicken embryos suppressed the in vitro mitogenesis of spleen cells of adult syngeneic or allogeneic chickens. the natural suppressor cell activity of embryo spleen was present at embryonation day 16, reached peak levels at embryonation day 18 and disappeared at hatch. the embryo spleen cells did not by themselves respond to phytohemagglutinin stimulation in vitro. the suppressive effect of embryonic spleen cells on adult spleen cells was pre ...	1988	2845637
the effect of substrate on the production of infectious virus by cells in culture.	herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) and turkey herpesvirus were examined for growth in cells cultured on three different substrates. the substrates were glass, deae-dextran and collagen gel. with two of the viruses, hsv-1 and ibr, there were no apparent differences in production as a function of substrate. in contrast, the amount of the turkey herpesvirus which was recovered varied greatly with the substrate. titers were highest on glass, followed b ...	1988	2848844
immune response of chicks inoculated with chicken anemia agent alone or in combination with marek's disease virus or turkey herpesvirus.		1988	2848964
virus-induced atherosclerosis. herpesvirus infection alters aortic cholesterol metabolism and accumulation.	infection of normocholesterolemic, specific-pathogen-free chickens with marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) has been shown histologically to lead to chronic atherosclerosis like that in humans. the development of herpesvirus-induced atherosclerosis in vivo and the presence of specific marek's antigen within aortic cells suggested that mdv infection may modify lipid metabolism and lead to significant lipid accumulation. experiments reported herein were designed to determine the types and quantity o ...	1986	2934987
map location of homologous regions between marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey and the absence of detectable homology in the putative tumor-inducing gene.	the dna region having homology between marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey was assigned to the restriction map of marek's disease virus by southern blot hybridization. under moderate conditions at the level of 15% mismatching, homology was found to be distributed throughout the marek's disease virus genome. the long inverted-repeat regions (trl and irl), which are considered to play a significant role in tumorigenicity, did not show any homology to herpesvirus of turkey dna.	1985	2983105
simultaneous application of live turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease vaccines against marek's disease and infectious bursal disease.	the efficacy of cell-associated (ca) and cell-free (cf) infectious bursal disease (ibd) vaccines in maternal antibody (mab)-bearing broiler chickens was compared. compatibility and potency of a mixed vaccine combining live ca turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and ca ibd vaccine viruses were also tested against gross lesions induced by marek's disease (md) or ibd in specific-pathogen-free chickens. both ca and cf ibd vaccines provided significant protection against gross bursal lesions of ibd in the prese ...	1985	2983300
gel electrophoretic analysis of polypeptides from nucleocapsids of marek's disease virus strains and herpesvirus of turkey.	the polypeptides of nucleocapsids of marek's disease virus (mdv) strains with different biological properties and of antigenically related herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) strains were analysed by one- and two-dimensional (1d and 2d, respectively) gel electrophoresis. based on small differences in migration behaviour (size and charge) of a number of corresponding nucleocapsid polypeptides, the virus strains could be differentiated into three groups. the polypeptide pattern of group i, comprising the ...	1985	2986577
differences in the processing of secreted glycoprotein a induced by marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.	the steps from the precursor to the processed forms of a secreted glycoprotein (ga) of marek's disease virus (mdv) and of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates from the cell lysate and medium of infected cultures with monoclonal antibodies. differences between mdv- and hvt-ga were particularly observed in isoelectric points of the glycosylated or unglycosylated precursor forms.	1985	2987399
vaccination against marek's disease and infectious bursal disease iii. growth rate of both turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease virus in coinfected cell cultures.	titers of the turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in coinfected cell cultures, used to produce a live bivalent hvt/ibdv vaccine, were determined daily. based on the daily titers, cells harvested either 2 or 3 days after inoculating the second virus (ibdv) into hvt infected cell cultures yielded the maximum titers for both viruses. harvesting coinfected cell cultures on either day provided the most suitable source of the live hvt/ibdv vaccine against marek's diseas ...	1985	2987896
production of herpesvirus of turkeys in microcarrier culturing system--a new method for production of vaccine against marek's disease.	a microcarrier (mc) culturing system for production of a vaccine against marek's disease virus is presented. cytodex-3 beads (pharmacia) and de-53 microgranular (whatman) are the recommended microcarriers. primary cells from chick embryo as well as cells from a quail cell line (qt-6, established from a japanese quail) were found to be good hosts for growth of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). hvt, the vaccine strain against marek's disease, was successfully grown and harvested on the above mentioned ...	1985	2995176
herpesviruses provide helper functions for avian adeno-associated parvovirus.	the avian herpesviruses infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt), as well as the mammalian herpesvirus pseudorabies virus (prv) were able to provide complete helper activity for the production of infectious avian adeno-associated virus (aaav) in chicken cells. the presence of aaav in the infected chicken cell reduced the multiplication of hvt. iltv or prv, however, were not affected if used as helper viruses. infectious aaav was determined by an indirect immunof ...	1986	3003233
chicken embryonal vaccination with avian infectious bronchitis virus.	a commercial infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) vaccine of the massachusetts 41 strain was injected in embryonating chicken eggs on embryonation day (ed) 18. the ibv vaccine was pathogenic for embryos, and it was passaged in chicken kidney tissue culture to reduce the pathogenicity. at the 40th tissue culture passage (p40-ibv), the virus became apathogenic for the embryos. maternal antibody-positive or -negative chicks hatching from eggs injected with p40-ibv developed antibody to ibv and were pr ...	1986	3008613
herpesvirus infection prevents activation of cytoplasmic cholesteryl esterase in arterial smooth muscle cells.	herpesvirus infection has been shown to alter the cholesteryl ester cycle in avian arterial smooth muscle cells, resulting in cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester accumulation (hajjar, d. p., falcone, d. j., fabricant, c. g., and fabricant, j. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 6124-6128). in this study, we attempted to define some of the regulatory mechanisms associated with the control of cytoplasmic cholesteryl esterase in marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv)-infected cells. we found that cholesteryl esterase ...	1986	3011790
a comparison of the biological properties of type 2 plaque-producing agent derived from the cal-1 strain of marek's disease virus with other related viruses.	the serological and biological properties of the type 2 plaque-producing agent (ppa) derived from the cal-1 strain of marek's disease virus (mdv) were compared with those of reference strains of the three serotypes of mdv and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) groups; namely jm, hprs-24 strains of mdv and the fc-126 strain of hvt for serotype 1, 2, and 3, respectively. by agar gel precipitation (agp), indirect fluorescent antibody and virus neutralization tests, type 2 ppa was related but not identica ...	1986	3013131
pathogenicity studies with plaque-purified preparations of marek's disease virus strain cvi-988.	the pathogenicity of marek's disease (md) strain cvi-988 vaccine, eight plaque-purified preparations originating from this strain, and the vaccine hvt fc126 (based on herpesvirus of turkeys) was determined by intramuscular administration of high virus doses to day-old specific-pathogen-free rhode island red (rir) chickens, which are extremely md-susceptible. paralysis and neuritis were observed in 88% of rir chickens inoculated with mdv cvi-988 at the cell-passage level of the commercial vaccine ...	1986	3015112
protective efficacy of marek's disease virus (mdv) cvi-988 cef65 clone c against challenge infection with three very virulent mdv strains.	comparative 50% protective dose (pd50) assays were performed using a plaque-purified preparation of marek's disease virus (mdv) strain cvi-988 at the 65th chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) passage level (mdv cvi-988 cef65 clone c) and three commercial md vaccines: herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) fc126, mdv cvi-988 cef35, and a bivalent vaccine composed of hvt fc126 and mdv sb-1. in addition, comparative pd50 assays were performed in groups of chickens with maternal antibody to each of the three vacci ...	1986	3015113
chronological observations of marek's disease-associated feather-pulp lesions in field chickens.	fourteen test groups consisting of a total of 541 field chickens in six rearing farms, all of which were vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus at one day old, were investigated for chronological changes in marek's disease (md)-associated feather-pulp lesions (fpl) and their association with nuclear-inclusion (ni) formation in the feather-follicle epithelium (ffe) and with incidence of md. the fpl observed were categorized into r1-type (non-tumorous lymphoid lesion), r2-type (inflammatory lesion con ...	1986	3015114
use of lectins to detect and differentiate subtypes of marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus glycoproteins in tissue culture.	biotinylated lectins in conjunction with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex were used for the first time to reveal glycoproteins in chicken and duck embryo fibroblasts infected with three prototype members of the avian herpesvirus group, marek's disease virus serotypes 1 and 2 and turkey herpesvirus. by using a panel of 10 lectins, a pattern of reactivity emerged which was both group- and type-specific. morphological details of the lectin-stained cells include cytoplasmic granulation, capping a ...	1986	3016013
molecular characterization of marek's disease herpesvirus b antigen.	the marek's disease herpesvirus (mdhv) b antigen (mdhv-b) was identified and molecularly characterized as a set of three glycoproteins of 100,000, 60,000, and 49,000 apparent molecular weight (gp100, gp60, and gp49, respectively) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) after immunoprecipitation from [35s]methionine-labeled infected cells by specific rabbit antiserum directed against mdhv-b (r alpha b), as previously determined by immunodiffusion. further identific ...	1986	3016305
isolation of very virulent pathotypes of marek's disease virus from vaccinated chickens in europe.	two very virulent strains of marek's disease virus were isolated from two separate farms in northern italy that had experienced outbreaks of marek's disease in vaccinated flocks. the isolates were similar to very virulent strains reported in the usa in terms of their enhanced pathogenicity, both for chickens vaccinated with the herpesvirus of turkeys, and for genetically resistant chickens. this first description of very virulent strains of marek's disease virus from outside the usa suggests tha ...	1986	3016970
preparation of monoclonal antibodies against marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.		1986	3029494
restriction enzyme map of herpesvirus of turkey dna and its collinear relationship with marek's disease virus dna.	the genome of herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) was shown to consist of long and short unique regions flanked by inverted repeats (j. cebrian, kaschka-dietrich, c., berthelot, n., and sheldrick, p., 1982, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 79, 555-558). in this paper we report the construction of the linkage map of hvt dna for bamhi, hindiii, and psti restriction endonucleases. the maps were constructed by hybridization of 19 cloned bamhi fragments of hvt dna to electrophoretically separated digests of genomi ...	1987	3029976
efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against marek's disease.	a bivalent vaccine was prepared by combining inactivated marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus. the efficacy of this vaccine, compared to turkey herpesvirus and inactivated marek's disease virus separately, was studied in unsexed white leghorn chicks which were vaccinated at one day old and then challenged at 21 days old with fowl blood infected with virulent marek's disease virus. the bivalent vaccine appreciably delayed mortality resulting from marek's disease and elicited the highest p ...	1987	3035660
effect of acyclovir on the replication of turkey herpesvirus and marek's disease virus.	the toxicity of acyclovir for chick embryo fibroblasts and its effect on the replication of turkey herpesvirus (strain fc 126) and marek's disease virus (strain hprs 16) multiplied on fibroblast culture was studied. the influence of using acyclovir on the development of the tumour process in birds infected with a virulent marek's disease virus was also determined. acyclovir used in doses below 12.5 micrograms ml-1 proved to be nontoxic for chick embryo fibroblast culture. it inhibited in vitro r ...	1987	3039621
antigen a gene of marek's disease virus (mdv) detects two mrna species (3.7 and 2.1 kb) in mdv- and hvt-infected cells.	the gene of glycoprotein a of marek's disease virus (mdv) detected to mrna species (3.7 and 2.1 kb) by northern blot hybridization. these two mrna species were also detected in rna extracted from herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)-infected chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) and from the msb-1 cell line.	1988	3245131
acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with marek's disease after vaccination with three different vaccines.	the average percentage of acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase reacting lymphocytes (aparl) was enumerated in the peripheral blood of chickens challenged with marek's disease after vaccination with either turkey herpesvirus (hvt), inactivated marek's disease virus (imdv) or a mixture of the two (bivalent vaccine). a gradual increase in aparl value was noticed in the vaccinated chickens from day 7 to 70 after challenge with a virulent marek's disease virus. the increase was consistent and signifi ...	1987	3628992
characterization of herpesvirus of turkeys. replication using recombinant dna.	dna has been isolated from herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) virions and used to construct a partial gene library in pbr-322. the recombinants have been characterized and shown to contain hvt dna inserts. a representative recombinant containing a 5.9-kilobase hindiii fragment was used as a probe to quantitate the yields of hvt dna in vitro and to follow the kinetics of viral dna replication. the data shown that in chicken fibroblasts, viral dna synthesis initiates by about 12-14 hr postinfection and ...	1986	3729874
establishment of a variant type of turkey herpesvirus which releases cell-free virus into the culture medium in large quantities. brief report.	a variant turkey herpesvirus (hvt/vt) which releases 10(5.0) plaque-forming units per 0.1 ml of cell-free virus into the culture medium was established from the prototype hvt fc 126 strain (hvt/wt). many enveloped and naked virions of hvt/vt but only naked virions of hvt/wt were found in the culture medium. by the hindiii restriction cleavage patterns, the hvt/vt dnas were almost identical to those of hvt/wt. the hvt/vt was replication-defective in chickens.	1986	3753201
a study of marek's disease in japanese quails vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys.	in a study of outbreaks of marek's disease in quails, 220 adult quails vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) were examined pathologically and serologically for marek's disease (md). forty-three of the 220 quails exhibited microscopic lesions similar to those of chickens with md. md-virus-specific antigen was found in feather tips of 44 of the 220 birds, and the hvt-specific antibody was found in sera of 56 of the 220 birds by agar gel precipitation. there was a positive correlation betwee ...	1986	3814019
partial protection against marek's disease in chickens immunized with glycoproteins gb purified from turkey-herpesvirus-infected cells by affinity chromatography coupled with monoclonal antibodies.	glycoproteins gb of marek's disease virus (mdv) and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) related to virus neutralization were purified from hvt-infected cells by affinity chromatography. immunization of chickens with purified glycoproteins gb resulted in partial protection against md. neutralizing antibodies were detected in chickens immunized with hvt-gb.	1985	3896223
field trials to test the efficacy of polyvalent marek's disease vaccines in layer and broiler breeder chickens.	as a follow-up to earlier trials to evaluate the efficacy of polyvalent marek's disease (md) vaccines in broilers, four trials were conducted with layer or broiler breeder flocks. chickens caccinated with trivalent (md11/75c plus sb-1 plus hvt) and bivalent (sb-1 plus hvt) vaccines were compared with those vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (hvt) alone. data from three of the four trials indicated polyvalent vaccines were more efficacious than hvt. however, critical interpretations were confound ...	1985	3912753
inhibition of turkey herpesvirus replication by anti-cellular serum.	quail embryo fibroblasts were used to investigate how rabbit and chicken antisera against chicken erythrocytes carrying different b alleles of the major histocompatibility antigens affect the neutralization of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). although the neutralizing activities of these antisera were rather low, the hvt propagated in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) from certain genotypic embryos was neutralized more by the antisera to the corresponding erythrocytes. after absorption of these anti ...	1985	3985879
altered cholesteryl ester cycle is associated with lipid accumulation in herpesvirus-infected arterial smooth muscle cells.	we describe herein the effects of marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) on cholesterol and cholesteryl ester metabolism in cultured chicken arterial smooth muscle cells. infection of arterial smooth muscle cells from specific pathogen-free chickens with mdv, but not a virus control, herpesvirus of turkeys led to a 7-10-fold increase in the accumulation of free and esterified cholesterol and a 2-fold increase in phospholipids. the cellular lipid changes observed in the mdv-infected arterial smooth mu ...	1985	3997816
monoclonal antibodies against virus-specific antigens in culture cells infected with herpesvirus of turkeys.		1985	4068446
responses of cell cultures from various avian species to marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.		1971	4107762
serological relationships among herpesviruses: cross-reaction between marek's disease virus and pseudorabies virus as detected by immunogluorescence.	marek's disease virus (mdv) and pseudorabies virus (prv) cross-reacted by fluorescent antibody test but not by gel diffusion, virus neutralization, or cross-protection tests. herpesvirus of turkeys cross-reacted with mdv but not with prv. other herpesviruses tested did not have cross-reactions.	1972	4117951
effect of antibiotics on turkey herpesvirus vaccine.		1973	4122718
a comparison of the prophylactic efficacy of lyophilized and cell-associated turkey herpesvirus against marek's disease.		1974	4205347
lyophilization of cell-free marek's disease herpesvirus and a herpesvirus from turkeys.	cell extracts of the jm and ga strains of marek's disease herpesvirus and the fc 126 strain of turkey herpesvirus were lyophilized with various stabilizers. much higher virus titers were obtained with stabilizer than without stabilizer. titers increased even further in the case of the marek's disease virus strains by the addition of a chelating agent, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.	1970	4320863
ultrastructural studies of a herpesvirus of turkeys antigenically related to marek's disease virus.		1971	4322626
isolation of turkey herpesvirus in cell culture.		1971	4325202
effect of vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) on horizontal spread of marek's disease herpesvirus.		1971	4325826
horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 1. preliminary observation.		1971	4328146
marek's disease: resistance of turkey herpesvirus-infected chicks against lethal jm-v agent.		1971	4329922
interferon production and host resistance to type ii avian (marek's) leukosis virus (jm strain).	interferon production in both susceptible s- and resistant k-line chickens infected with type ii leukosis virus of jm strain and turkey herpesvirus was studied. the resistant line of chickens produced higher levels of interferon than did the susceptible with jm virus infection during the experimental period. when both susceptible s-and resistant k-line chicks were vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus, the interferon production was quantitatively similar in the two lines.	1971	4332041
the temporal relationship between vaccination with the herpesvirus of turkeys and challenge with virulent marek's disease virus.		1971	4334075
production of interferon by the cal-1 and turkey herpesvirus strains associated with marek's disease.		1972	4335398
production of circulating and cell-bound interferon in chickens by type 1 and type 2 plaque-producing agents of the cal-1 strain of marek's disease herpesvirus and herpesvirus of turkeys.		1972	4335399
preliminary observations on egg transmission of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) in turkeys.		1972	4337315
experimental infection of turkeys and chickens with a herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt).		1972	4337317
long-term field trials with the herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine against marek's disease.		1972	4337318
susceptibility of mammalian (hamster) cell culture to infection with herpesvirus of turkeys.	herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) infected and replicated in hamster kidney cells as evidenced by cytopathic effects, intranuclear inclusions, and by the presence of herpesvirus particles as seen by electron microscopy. additional evidence for the presence of hvt in cell cultures was determined by the serum neutralization, complement fixation, and the fluorescent-antibody tests.	1972	4341969
epidemiology of a herpesvirus of turkeys: possible sources and spread of infection in turkey flocks.	parameters of turkey herpesvirus (hvt) infection were followed sequentially from hatching through 20 weeks in two commercial turkey flocks. maternal antibody was uniformly present at hatching but decreased below detectable levels by the 3rd week. virus was first isolated at the 5th and 6th weeks and thereafter spread rapidly within the flocks. development of active antibody followed that of viremia by 1 week. both virus and antibody were present in virtually all turkeys after the 7th or 10th wee ...	1971	4343407
studies on the in vivo replication of turkey herpesvirus.		1972	4343472
lack of pathogenicity of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys in marmoset monkeys.		1972	4343475
the fine structure of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkey in cell culture.		1972	4347435
cell surface antigen on quail cells infected with herpesvirus of turkey or marek's disease virus.		1972	4349460
the in vitro assay of the herpesvirus of turkeys.		1972	4349817
vaccination against marek's disease: possible causes of failure of herpesvirus of turkeys (strain fc126) to protect chickens against marek's disease.		1973	4350544
horizontal transmission of turkey herpesvirus to chickens. 2. some factors affecting transmission.		1973	4350858
viraemia and antibody development in chicks following the administration of turkey herpesvirus.		1973	4352992
properties of the common antigen associated with marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus infections.		1974	4363692
antibody response of susceptible and resistant chickens (type-ii leukosis) infected with jm and jm-v leukosis strains and herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt).		1974	4368422
marek's disease virus and the herpesvirus of turkeys.		1974	4371178
vaccination of chickens against marek's disease with cell-free herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine.		1974	4429246
electron microscopic autoradiography in the development of herpesvirus of turkey.		1974	4441257
[electron microscopic study of the genesis, fine structure and relationship between virus and host cell of a turkey herpesvirus in cell culture].		1974	4460929
quantitative assay of turkey herpesvirus in vaccines against marek's disease of chickens.		1974	4462110
vaccination against marek's disease with the turkey herpesvirus vaccine.		1974	4462113
[studies on herpesvirus of turkeys. i. isolation of herpesvirus from turkeys and its virological characteristics (author's transl)].		1974	4474560
[titration of turkey herpesvirus in marek's disease vaccines].		1972	4562834
a multilayer cell-culture technique to improve yields of a herpesvirus of turkeys.		1972	4565460
effects of passive antibody on early pathogenesis of marek's disease.	the effects of passive marek's disease virus (mdv) antibody were characterized in three experiments in which 1- or 2-day-old pdrc chickens were inoculated with cell-associated mdv. antibody acquired naturally from the dam, or injected prior to, or at the time of, virus inoculation, failed to prevent infection, but the incidence and severity of the acute necrotizing disease were reduced. also, the number of tissues with viral antigen (fluorescent antibody test) and the amount of antigen in positi ...	1972	4569917
susceptibility of guinea pig cell cultures to infection with cell-bound and cell-free herpesvirus of turkeys.	cell-bound and cell-free herpesvirus of turkeys infected and replicated in guinea pig cell cultures as evidenced by cytopathic effects, intranuclear inclusions, and the presence of herpesvirus particles as seen by electron microscopy were studied in this investigation. further evidence for the replication of herpesvirus of turkeys in cell cultures was determined by serum neutralization, complement fixation, and the fluorescent antibody tests.	1973	4581013
[effect of homologous maternal antibodies on the vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt)].		1974	4598094
transient infectivity and heterokaryon formation in hamster cell cultures inoculated with cell-associated stocks of marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys.		1974	4612166
vaccination with lyophilized turkey herpesvirus (hvt): minimum infective and protective doses.		1972	4623703
marek's disease vaccine: prophylactic efficacy of a lyophilized turkey herpesvirus of chick cell-culture origin.		1973	4633273
course of infection in tissues of susceptible chickens after exposure to strains of marek's disease virus and turkey herpesvirus.		1972	4650200
long-term experiences with the herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) as a vaccine against marek's disease.		1972	4660528
immunization of one-day-old chicks against marek's disease with turkey herpesvirus.		1972	4660529
vaccination experiments against marek's disease by application of an attenuated marek herpesvirus and a turkey herpesvirus.		1972	4660530
growth characteristics of a herpesvirus of turkeys.	the herpesvirus of turkeys remains associated with cells attached to the culture vessel throughout its growth cycle. the level of infectious centers is essentially constant between 24 and 48 hr when the culture medium is unchanged. thereafter, the number of infectious centers decreases. the cessation of virus synthesis is not due to insufficient numbers of uninfected cells or interferon production. herpesvirus of turkeys does not replicate at 22 c and is similar to other herpesviruses in its sen ...	1972	4675446
[isolation of turkey herpesvirus in france].		1972	4676686
stability of the apathogenic nononcogenic character of a turkey herpesvirus used to immunise fowls against marek's disease.		1973	4718146
efficacy of cellfree and cell-associated herpesvirus of turkeys vaccines in progeny from vaccinated parental flocks.		1973	4720673
plaque assay of turkey herpesvirus and attenuated marek's disease virus.		1973	4722361
replication of herpesvirus of turkeys in hamster urogenital cell cultures.		1973	4734889