Publications

a new approach in integrated control: insect juvenile hormone plus a hymenopteran parasite against the stable fly.	two insect juvenile hormone analogs, 4[(6,7-epoxy-3-ethyl-7-methyl-2-nonenyl)oxy] benzene and 6,7-epoxy-1-(p-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene, when applied topically to pupae of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), were morphogenetically effective against the metamorphosing pupae but did not affect oviposition and development of the hymenopteran parasite, muscidifurax raptor girault and sanders, in the treated pupae. also, reproductivity of the parent generation of parasites was not affe ...	1972	4640067
cutaneous lesions on cattle caused by stable fly.		1972	4664371
determination of the juvenile hormone-active compound altosid and its stability in stable fly medium.		1973	4710947
glycogen phosphorylase activity in pharate adults of the stable fly and the effects of a juvenile hormone analogue.		1973	4731650
persistence and leaching of juvenile hormone analogs in stable fly laboratory rearing medium.		1973	4755820
juvenile hormone activity of citronellylamine and citronellol derivatives against pupae of the stable fly and the house fly (diptera: muscidae).		1973	4760623
responses of the house fly, stable fly, and face fly to electromagnetic radiant energy.		1973	4770946
sticky traps for sampling population of stomoxys calcitrans.		1973	4770949
[experiences with dimethoate drugs in stable fly control].		1973	4790809
juvenile hormone activity of substituted aryl 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ethers in the stable fly and house fly.		1974	4815643
insect growth regulators: large plot field tests against the stable fly in cattle feedlots.		1974	4839230
utilization of injected glucose by the tsetse fly (glossina) and the stable fly (stomoxys).		1972	5009196
laboratory evaluation of compounds to determine juvenile hormone activity against the stable fly.		1972	5085792
ovarian maturation in stable flies: inhibition by 20-hydroxyecdysone.	the steroid 20-hydroxyeedysone when given by mouth inhibits ovarian maturation in the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). by preventing lipid synthesis flecessary foir vitellogenlesis in the developing oocyte.	1971	5103544
aerial ulv and lv applications of insecticides for control of the stable fly and the horn fly.		1971	5122334
[development of the causative agent of deer setariasis in the organism of the stable fly (haematobia simulans)].		1971	5166338
the probing response of stomoxys calcitrans to certain physical and olfactory stimuli.		1970	5417708
precipitin test identification of blood meals of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) caught on california poultry ranches, and observations of digestion rates of bovine and citrated human blood.		1970	5425687
hormones for control of livestock arthropods. development of an assay to select candidate compounds with juvenile hormone activity in the stable fly.		1970	5431682
cytology of gamma-irradiated gonads of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).		1970	5440495
interactions between stimuli in the induction of probing by stomoxys calcitrans.		1970	5449734
repellents for stomoxys calcitrans (l.), the stable fly: techniques and a comparative laboratory assessment of butyl methylcinchoninate.		1970	5450437
biological evaluation of juvenile hormone compounds against pupae of the stable fly.		1971	5546156
non-cyclical transmission of trypanosomiasis in uganda. ii. experimental assessment of the survival time of trypanosoma brucei in stomoxys calcitrans.		1971	5568557
color vision of the female stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans.		1968	5655801
activity of parasites from diptera: musca domestica, stomoxys calcitrans, and species of fannia, muscina, and ophyra. ii. at sites in the eastern hemisphere and pacific area.		1968	5758059
use of who tsetse fly kit for determining resistance in the stable fly.		1965	5826353
electron microscopy of the contact chemoreceptors of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).		1965	5836876
transmission of dermatophilus congolensis by stomoxys calcitrans and musca domestica.		1966	5959398
[possibilities of using polychlorpinene for control of house flies (musca domestica l.) and stomoxys calcitrans l. in cattle-breeding farms].		1966	6012364
fine structure of the tip of chemosensitive hairs in two blow flies and the stable fly.		1967	6062911
synergistic effect of two stimulants to induce probing in stomoxys calcitrans (l.).		1967	6074947
incorporation of [u-14c] palmitate into lipids by the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.).	the incorporation in vivo of [u-14c] palmitate into fat body lipids was studied in the blood feeding stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. palmitate was rapidly esterified into triacylglycerol and after one-half h, nearly one third of the total recovered label was in the triacylglycerol fraction with a concomitant loss of radioactivity in the free fatty acids. the fat body, from one day sugar-water-fed flies incorporated more label into triacylglycerol than those from flies fed on blood. the present ...	1982	6182855
mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by deer flies (chrysops flavidus) and stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans).		1983	6297339
effect of fluorescent dust color on the attractiveness of attractant self-marking devices to the stable fly (diptera: muscidae).		1984	6725745
comparative study of hemocytes and associated cells of some medically important dipterans.	the aim of this work is to study, characterize, and compare different morphological types of hemocytes of glossina austeni, g. morsitans, calliphora erythrocephala, stomoxys calcitrans, lucilia sericata, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. this information is intended to provide a basis for future studies of the cellular defense mechanisms of these dipterans. seven morphological types of hemocytes were identified by phase-contrast optics: prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, thrombocytoids, granu ...	1982	6764649
epidemiological and immunological studies of sweet itch in horses in israel.	a survey of sweet itch in horses in israel based on a questionnaire to owners reported that 158 of 723 horses (21.8 per cent) had sweet itch lesions. the results indicated that the likelihood of a horse acquiring sweet itch decreased with increasing altitude but no definite association with rainfall zones was evident. variation in the density of the horse population, however, obscured these observations. in the population surveyed, stallions were more sensitive than mares and pale horses appeare ...	1983	6879963
purification and characterization of chitinase from the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans.		1982	7103511
flies associated with cattle in south west scotland during the summer months.	the sheep headfly, hydrotaea irritans, and morellia simplex were the species most frequently associated with cattle at pasture and comprised 69.01 per cent and 13.93 per cent, respectively, of the total fly collection made from grazing cattle. the most prevalent biting fly was haematobosca stimulans which comprised 4.46 per cent of the total catch. a few clegs, haematopota pluvialis, and horse flies, hybomitra distinguenda, were also recorded. a few of the headflies swarming around cattle entere ...	1981	7244374
reciprocal translocations and partial correlation of chromosomes in the stable fly.	an initial investigation of the genetics of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), is described. two recessive, autosomal mutants, carmine eye (ca) and rolled down wing (rd), were assigned to chromosomes 2 and 4, respectively. sex is apparently determined by a locus on chromosome 1. crossing over is restricted to females. six reciprocal translocations were induced with gamma radiation and used to assign ca and rd to their respective chromosomes.	1981	7276509
[horn fly (muscidae) fauna and ecology in the area of the baikal-amur mainline].	4 species of horn flies were recorded from the territory of the baikal-amur railway: stomoxys calcitrans, haematobia stimulans, lyperosia irritans and lyperosia titillans. the autumn horn fly was found to be most widespread and dangerous. it was especially abundant in priamurje, in the zone of the monsoon climate, where it behaves as a typical pasture species. the behaviour, daily and seasonal dynamics and flight duration (90 to 150 days) of horn flies changes noticeably depending on natural con ...	1981	7279439
attempts to transmit anaplasma marginale with hippobosca rufipes and stomoxys calcitrans.	three attempts to transmit anaplasmosis with field collections of hippobosca rufipes were unsuccessful, despite the fact that the flies had been fed initially on splenectomized cattle acutely infected with anaplasma marginale. however, 1 out of the 3 attempts, made concurrently with the others, to transmit this organism with stomoxys calcitrans was successful. the prepatent period was 27 days.	1981	7312304
control of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), on st. croix, u.s. virgin islands, using integrated pest management measures. i. feasibility of sterile male releases.		1981	7328605
control of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), on st. croix, u.s. virgin islands, using integrated pest management measures. ii. mass rearing and sterilization.		1981	7328606
control of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae), on st. croix, u.s. virgin islands, using integrated pest management measures. iii. field techniques and population control.		1981	7328607
physiological age determination in female stomoxys calcitrans linnaeus (diptera: muscidae).	the primary sex organs of female stomoxys calcitrans consist of a single pair of ovaries, each containing 80-100 polytrophic ovarioles. a natural population of these females can be grouped according to age into different reproductive categories. the technique described below defines these categories and enables one to distinguish between newly-emerged, nulliparous and uniparous females and females that have reproduced twice (biparous) or more (pauciparous).	1980	7413165
a field trial to determine the effect of fly control using permethrin on milk yields in dairy cattle in the uk.	permethrin, applied by knapsack sprayer or spray arch, was used to control flies on cattle in two dairy herds in the united kingdom. the spray washes were applied at nominal rates of 0.5 litre of 0.1 per cent permethrin per animal and 1.0 litre of 0.05 per cent permethrin per animal respectively. the individual milk yields of two groups of cows were recorded before and after treatment. in both cases there was a significant increase in milk yield after treatment. the mean yield per cow per day du ...	1980	7445328
field trials to assess the efficacy of permethrin for the control of flies on cattle.	permethrin [3-phenoxybenzyl (+/-) cis, trans--2,2dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropane-1-carboxylate], a new synthetic pyrethroid, was applied to cattle on farms in the united kingdom to assess its efficacy in fly control under field conditions. when 250 ml 0.1 per cent permethrin was applied to the backs of cattle using a knapsack sprayer, adequate control of horn flies, haematobia irritans, was achieved for over three weeks. application of 500 ml 0.1 per cent all over each animal gave on ...	1980	7445329
the temperature preferences of the motile stages of stomoxys calcitrans linnaeus (diptera: muscidae).	when adult stomoxys calcitrans were exposed to a temperature gradient, 66% of them selected temperatures between 20, 1 and 32, 5 degrees c. the larval stages preferred temperatures between 19, 5 and 33, 2 degrees c. although the differences in the temperature preferences of the different larval stages were not significant, the fully-fed larvae appear to prefer slightly cooler conditions than the feeding stages. the temperature preferences of both the adults and the larvae are not influenced by t ...	1980	7454236
exposure to stable flies reduces spatial learning in mice: involvement of endogenous opioid systems.	biting flies influence both the physiology and behaviour of domestic and wild animals. this study demonstrates that relatively brief (60 min) exposure to stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), affects the spatial abilities of male mice. stable fly exposure resulted in poorer subsequent performance in a water maze task in which individual mice had to learn the spatial location of a submerged hidden platform using extramaze visual cues. determinations of spatial acquisition and retention were mad ...	1995	7548949
structural characterization of muscles and epithelial sheaths of the oviduct of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).	fine structure of both muscle and epithelial cells in the oviduct of stomoxys calcitrans (l.) was characterized. each tubular section of the oviduct consisted of an inner epithelial sheath enveloped by an outer network of muscle fibers that showed noticeable variation in cross-sectional thickness. some regions consisted of a single cellular layer, whereas others were composed of two or more layers of cells. moreover, a wide variation in muscle fiber orientation was observed, with some cells appe ...	1995	7616524
temperature and population density effects on feeding activity of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) on cattle.	the relationship of population density and temperature to feeding activity of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on cattle was studied by placing cattle in constant temperature chambers with controlled fly density and temperature. the number of flies per front leg declined within hours after release but increased with fly density and temperature. the time flies spent on the host during a 5.5-h exposure period ranged from < 2.5 min at temperature < 16 degrees c to > 34 min when temperature w ...	1995	7650712
biology and control of tabanids, stable flies and horn flies.	tabanids are among the most free-living adult flies which play a role as livestock pests. a single blood meal is used as a source of energy for egg production (100-1,000 eggs per meal), and females of certain species can oviposit before a blood meal is obtained (autogeny). therefore, the maintenance of annual populations requires successful oviposition by only 2% of females. wild animal blood sources are usually available to maintain annual tabanid populations. larval habitats are also independe ...	1994	7711307
[the absolute count of the housefly (musca domestica) and the stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans) in buildings for cattle].	the direct correlative dependence between indices of absolute and relative number of two fly species calculated by peterson's method is shown. the way of calculation of the absolute number of m. domestica and s. calcitrans and the receipt of the selection from subpopulations, which take in account peculiarities of adult fly distribution in different technological regimes of cattle keeping, peculiarities of daily activity and influence of temperature-photo factors on imago, are proposed. the atte ...	1994	7816502
the ability of stomoxys calcitrans and mechanical means to transmit trypanosoma (brucei) evansi from goats to camels in kenya.		1994	7831761
overwintering of the stable fly (diptera: muscidae) in southeastern nebraska.	adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), were monitored during three winters at two, four, and 13 locations with alsynite fiberglass traps and by examination of the interiors of buildings. no stable flies were found inside buildings during the winter. adult stable flies were consistently caught on alsynite traps at one location during two winters and at two other locations during one winter. distribution and physiological age of these flies indicate that they emerged from pupae that had dev ...	1994	7836614
isolation and characterization of a diuretic peptide common to the house fly and stable fly.	an identical crf-related diuretic peptide (musca-dp) was isolated and characterized from whole-body extracts of the house fly, musca domestica, and stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans. the peptide stimulates cyclic amp production in manduca sexta malpighian tubules and increases the rate of fluid secretion by isolated musca domestica tubules. the 44-residue peptide, with a mol.wt. of 5180, is amidated, and has the primary structure: nkpslsivnpldvlrqrllleiarrqmkentrqvelnrailknv-nh2. musca-dp has a hi ...	1994	7991460
vector control by removal trapping.	the classic approach to vector control where large tracts of land are treated with an insecticide has many shortcomings. these include high cost, chemical resistance of target species to many of the widely used insecticides, a lack of public acceptance, and the detrimental effect of sprays on nontarget species. removal trapping, the use of visual, auditory, and olfactory attractants to lure target species into small areas where they are killed, has recently received well-deserved attention as a ...	1994	8024078
inundative releases of pteromalid parasitoids (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) for the control of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) at confined cattle installations in west central nebraska.	fly pupal parasitoids, primarily muscidifurax raptor girault and sanders and spalangia nigroaenea curtis, purchased from commercial insectaries, failed to reduce numbers of stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), significantly despite weekly releases of high numbers at one feedlot and one dairy during 1990 and a different feedlot and dairy in 1991. parasitoid emergence from stable fly puparia were not significantly greater in the confinements where releases were made compared with confinements whe ...	1994	8027475
retention and attempted mechanical transmission of ehrlichia risticii by stomoxys calcitrans.	the ability of adult stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) to retain viable ehrlichia risticii (rickettsiaceae), the aetiologic agent of potomac horse fever (phf), and mechanically transmit the pathogen from citrated bovine blood artificially infected with e. risticii to susceptible mice was studied. viable e. risticii were found in the digestive tract of s. calcitrans 3 h after the flies had engorged to repletion on infected blood; however, no e. risticii were detected in flies > or = 2 ...	1994	8161843
solar-powered electrocuting trap for controlling house flies and stable flies (diptera: muscidae).	a portable trap was constructed that was visually attractive to house flies, musca domestica l., and stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), outdoors. the trap was made of a white and yellow pyramid placed on top of a white vertical base that had large cutouts in each side. attracted flies were killed by means of solar-powered electrocuting grids. three traps killed an average of 1,360 house flies and 1,190 stable flies per day at a manure dump and were effective in attracting flies under both c ...	1993	8254633
seasonal abundance of stable flies and house flies (diptera: muscidae) in dairies in alberta, canada.	seasonal abundance of stable flies and house flies was studied at four dairies in southern alberta, canada, from may to october in 1989, 1990, and 1991. stable flies were active from may to october in all years and showed population peaks in august and september. the weekly rate of change of stable fly populations was influenced by temperature and accumulated degree-days above 10 degrees c. the weekly rate of change of stable fly populations showed four peaks which were attributed to the emergen ...	1993	8254636
allozyme variation in stable flies (diptera: muscidae).	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to resolve allozymes in the cosmopolitan blood-feeding stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). nineteen of 38 loci were polymorphic (53%). mean heterozygosities among all loci and among only polymorphic loci were 0.096 and 0.182, respectively. these gene diversity measures are about half those among other muscid diptera. variation in gene frequencies was examined in 10 natural stable fly populations from iowa and minnesota. gene frequencies were homogene ...	1993	8259926
description and biology of trichopria painteri n.sp. (hymenoptera: diapriidae), a solitary parasitoid of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae) from harare, zimbabwe.	taxonomic description and life history are given of trichopria painteri n.sp. (hymenoptera: diapriidae), a solitary endoparasitoid that emerged from stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae) pupae collected at an agricultural installation near harare, zimbabwe, africa. although its low level of parasitism. high immature mortality and short adult life span would require augmentative releases of t.painteri, this parasitoid could reduce isolated field populations of s.calcitrans to an acceptable ...	1993	8268491
on the transmissibility of eperythrozoon suis by stomoxys calcitrans and aedes aegypti.	the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeus), and the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (linnaeus), were utilized to determine their capability to transmit eperythrozoon suis splitter between swine. three groups of each insect in each trial were allowed to feed on a pig previously infected with e. suis and then transferred to susceptible splenectomized pigs. as a control, one group of each insect was fed on a non-infected pig and then transferred to a susceptible pig. stable flies were tran ...	1993	8291187
diethylphenylacetamide: a new insect repellent against stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans.	this paper reports the results of a laboratory study showing effectiveness of a new insect repellent n,n-diethylphenylacetamide (depa) against stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, and compared to n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and dimethyl-phthalate (dmp). depa gave maximum protection time of more than 6 h at 3% concentration followed by deet and dmp.	1993	8369560
average daily gains of brahman-crossbred and english x exotic feeder heifers exposed to low, medium, and high levels of stable flies (diptera: muscidae).	brahman-crossbred and english x exotic feeder heifers were exposed to low (5 per leg), medium (12 per leg), and high (30 per leg) stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), population levels to test relative tolerance of these cattle breeds to stable flies. the brahman-crossbred heifers were tolerant to stable flies only when they were 12-13 mo old. at the same age, the english x exotic heifers sustained reductions in average daily gain (adg) at all three stable fly population levels of 0.22 kg/d (11 ...	1993	8376651
effects of two blood-feeding regimes on mortality and female reproduction in a laboratory colony of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans.	stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans l.) deprived of a bloodmeal until 3 days post-emergence had higher mortality rates than control flies fed from the day of emergence. fat bodies of deprived females required one more bloodmeal to reach maximum size, and maximum size was smaller, than fat bodies of control females. ovarian development did not commence prior to feeding in deprived flies, and proceeded more slowly thereafter, resulting in a one blood-meal delay in egg maturation in deprived flies. d ...	1993	8481526
population dynamics of some synanthropic fly species in different habitats in buraydah, saudi arabia.	the population dynamics of five synanthropic fly species, chrysomyia rufifacies, musca d. domestica muscina stabulans f. sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, and stomoxys calcitrans, were studied at three different habitats in buraydah, saudi arabia. the chosen habitats were the slaughter house, the cattle market and the rubbish dumps. the number of flies caught per twenty sticky bands was taken monthly, for a whole year, as an index to the fly population at that habitat during that month. m. d. domestic ...	1993	8482859
spread of lumpy skin disease in israeli dairy herds.	fourteen of the 17 dairy herds in peduyim, an israeli village, became infected with lumpy skin disease during a period of 37 days in august and september 1989. one cow in one neighbouring village and four cows in another neighbouring village also became infected, probably through being treated by a veterinarian who treated cows in peduyim. circumstantial evidence suggests that the original infection was brought to peduyim and spread by stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans) carried by the wind from ...	1995	8533249
urine delivery of cyromazine for suppressing house and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) in outdoor dairy calf hutches.	in a series of 4 trials, dairy calves housed in outdoor hutches were administered technical cyromazine daily at rates of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg body weight. cyromazine was excreted primarily in the urine. the 2 highest rates prevented the development of immature stages of both the house fly, musca domestica l., and the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). analysis of calf body tissues for cyromazine and its metabolite, melamine, indicated that highest combined residues ( < or = 0.35 ppm) we ...	1996	8642111
population genetics and gene variation of stable fly populations (diptera:muscidae) in nebraska.	genetic variation in stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations from nebraska, canada, and texas was sampled. four of 12 allozyme loci were polymorphic, with an average of 1.7 alleles per locus. observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.086 and 0.070, respectively. nei's genetic distance between populations averaged 0.001 and ranged from 0.000 to 0.005. wright's f statistics revealed greater variation within than among populations. allele frequencies were homogeneous among temporal sa ...	1996	8667389
localization of myosuppressinlike peptides in the hypocerebral ganglion of two blood-feeding flies: horn fly and stable fly (diptera:muscidae).	the insect peptides leucomyosuppressin (pedvdhvflrfamide) and dromyosuppressin (tdvdhvflrfamide) have identical chemical sequences with the exception of the n-terminal amino acid; both inhibit spontaneous contraction of insect visceral muscles. neurons in the hypocerebral ganglion of horn fly, hematobia irritans (l.), and stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), were found to contain material immunoreactive to antiserum produced against the c-terminal of leucomyosuppressin, but not to the n-termina ...	1996	8667397
structural characterization of peripheral nerve cells and nerve-muscle junctions of the oviduct of stable fly (diptera:muscidae).	fine structure of both peripheral nerve cells and neuromuscular junctions associated with the oviduct of stable fly. stomoxys calcitrans (l.), was described. twelve or more multipolar peripheral neurons were found along major branch nerves that enter the ovipositor. several were suspended in the haemacoel and others were in close proximity to the surface of the oviduct. some peripheral neurons contained an abundance of neurosecretory granules that ranged in size from 32 to 180 nm in diameter. no ...	1996	8667400
are stable flies (diptera: stomoxyinae) vectors of trypanosoma vivax in the central african republic?	the epidemiology of trypanosoma vivax infections was studied at a riverside site in the ouro-djafoun livestock area situated in the central african republic during the period between july 1991 and july 1992. this paper examines the possibility that stable flies (diptera: stomoxyinae) were also vectors of this trypanosome species in a non-cyclic way. previous studies have revealed that the usual cyclic transmission by the tsetse fly glossina fuscipes fuscipes was probably not the only transmissio ...	1996	8721295
skin lesions in dogs, horses and calves caused by the stable fly stomoxys calcitrans (l.) (diptera: muscidae).	specific skin lesions caused by stomoxys calcitrans on the feeding sites of different species are described. skin lesions appeared on dogs, horses and calves following bites of stable flies. necrotic dermatitis was observed in 32 dogs of various breeds at the tip of the ears. exudative dermatitis appeared on the legs of 45 adult horses and dermatitis was diagnosed in the "hair whirlpools" on the backs of 18 white calves.	1995	8734229
toxic effect of ethanolic extract of nerium oleander (apocynaceae) leaves against different developmental stages of muscina stabulans (diptera-muscidae).	nerium oleander (apocynaceae) is evergreen shrubs widely used for ornamental purpose in mediterranean region. the present investigation, revealed for the first time the insecticidal effect of ethanolic extract from leaves of this plant against 2nd instar larvae of the medically important false stable fly muscina stabulans (diptera: muscidae). lc50 of the extract was 113.66 ppm. this dose delayed larval and pupal duration suppressed oviposition and decreased adult longevity of the survivors. morp ...	1996	8754654
an immunocytochemical investigation of trypsin secretion in the midgut of the stablefly, stomoxys calcitrans.	musca domestica trypsin antibody cross-reacts with polypeptide bands of m(r) 25,000 and 30,000 showing proteolytic activity from stomoxys calcitrans midgut extracts. secretory granules from the main enzyme-secreting region, the opaque zone, stained heavily with the trypsin antibody in both unfed and blood-fed flies. heterogeneous staining of granules suggests the unequal distribution of trypsin in secretory granules. this is also consistent with the occurrence of non-parallel secretion, which is ...	1996	8763163
stability of equine infectious anemia virus in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), stomoxys calcitrans (diptera:muscidae), and tabanus fuscicostatus (diptera:tabanidae) stored at -70 degrees c.	equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) was injected intrathoracically into aedes aegypti, stomoxys calcitrans, and tabanus fuscicostatus, and fed to ae. aegypti in suspensions of either artificial blood of eagle's minimum essential medium. insects were stored at -70 degrees c for up to 9 months before testing for the presence of eiav. the viral tissue culture titers detected from stored insects were similar to those from insects tested at time 0.	1996	8827617
phenylpropanoids as attractants for adult stomoxys calcitrans (diptera:muscidae).	rate of capture of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on phenylpropanoid-baited and unbaited sticky traps was determined in tests conducted in a corn field and in grasses adjacent to a dairy farm. phenylpropanoid compounds significantly increased capture in 2 of 4 tests in corn. captures were highest with 3-phenyl-1-propanol, followed closely by hydrocinnamaldehyde (3-phenyl-1-propanal), and more distantly by cinnamyl alcohol. both sexes were trapped, although males predominated approximate ...	1996	8840698
scheduled sanitation to reduce stable fly (diptera: muscidae) populations in beef cattle feedlots.	sanitation has been long recommended as a means of reducing stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), populations at cattle feedlots, but there is little published research to support this recommendation. in each of the 2 yr of this study, 4 feedlots received complete sanitation and 4 feedlots received no cleaning. the objective was to have the initial cleaning done before 1 june and then to reclean as needed every 2 wk thereafter. the feedlots that were cleaned had significantly fewer flies than th ...	1996	8934824
comparison of core sampling and pupal traps for monitoring immature stable flies and house flies (diptera: muscidae) in beef feedlot pens.	core samples and cylindrical pupal traps were used to monitor immature stages of the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), and house fly, musca domestica l., from 5 sample areas in beef feedlot pens: the feed apron-soil interface, the back fence, the side (pen dividing) fence, the mound, and the general lot. one feedlot was sampled during 1986, two feedlots were sampled in 1987, and three samples were taken at random from each sample area on each sample date. core samples showed that both popula ...	1996	8934827
calculating economic injury levels for stable flies (diptera:muscidae) on feeder heifers.	a procedure for calculating the economic injury levels for stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), on feeder heifers was developed from reduction of average daily weight gain-stable fly population level data in 8 independent replicated experiments over 17 yr. a negative exponential was fitted to the data using nonlinear regression. regression coefficients were then used to derive a simple predictive equation for calculating the economic injury level in relation to cost of controlling stable flie ...	1997	9071886
pupal parasitoids (hymenoptera:pteromalidae) of filth flies (diptera:muscidae, calliphoridae) breeding in refuse and poultry and livestock manure in south korea.	five species of hymenopterous parasitoids were found parasitizing pupae of house flies, musca domestica l., in poultry and livestock facilities, refuse dump sites, and garbage dumpsters: spalangia nigroaenea curtis, s. nigra (latrielle), muscidifurax raptor girault & sanders, pachycrepoideus vindemiae (rondani), and nasonia vitripennis (walker). four hymenopterous parasitoids (s. nigroaenea, s. nigra, m. raptor and p. vindemiae) were recovered from the pupae of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans ...	1997	9086716
transcriptional expression of a putative tachykinin-like peptide receptor gene from stable fly.	stkr is a 4118 bp clone from a stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, cdna library which encodes a protein with significant amino acid identity to tachykinin-like peptide receptors. ribonuclease protection assays and rt-pcr were utilized to examine the transcriptional expression of stkr from various life stages of the stable fly. stkr expression was detectable in all stages, but was most abundant in isolated adult fly gut and lowest in developing embryos.	1997	9114446
susceptibility of stable flies (diptera:muscidae) from southeastern nebraska beef cattle feedlots to selected insecticides and comparison of 3 bioassay techniques.	insecticide susceptibility of field populations of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), was assayed using 3 exposure techniques: treated filter papers, treated glass petri dishes, and topical applications. both topical applications and residual exposure to treated glass surfaces were suitable for testing susceptibility of stable flies to permethrin, stirofos, or methoxychlor. residues on filter papers yielded inconsistent results with stirofos and methoxychlor. significant concentration-morta ...	1997	9145029
cloning of a cdna from stable fly which encodes a protein with homology to a drosophila receptor for tachykinin-like peptides.		1997	9160983
importance of supercooling points in the overwintering of the horn fly and stable fly (diptera:muscidae).	supercooling points were determined for eggs, 3rd instars, pupae, newly emerged unfed adults and 3-d-old engorged laboratory reared adults of haematobia irritans (l.) and stomoxys calcitrans (l.). wild nondiapausing and diapausing pupae of h. irritans also were tested. mean supercooling points ranged from -28.0 degrees c for h. irritans eggs to -6.8 degrees c for h. irritans larvae. mean supercooling points of all h. irritans developmental stages were lower than those of comparable s. calcitrans ...	1997	9220676
observations on the mite fauna associated with adult stomoxys calcitrans in the u.k.	adult females of the blood-sucking muscid stomoxys calcitrans sampled between june and september 1993 from a cattle farm (n = 839) and from a pig farm (n = 542) in north-west england were examined for mites. twelve species of mites from ten families and three orders were identified as follows. in the prostigmata, eryenetes sp., family ereynetidae and pediculaster mesembrinae, family pygmephoridae. in the astigmata, procalvolia zacheri family saproglyphidae, acarus farris, family acaridae, bonomo ...	1997	9226646
some morphological aspects of the mouthparts of italian blood-sucking muscids (diptera, stomoxyinae).	scanning electron microscopy (sem) observations on the mouthparts of four species of blood-sucking muscid symbovine flies (stomoxys calcitrans linnaeus, haematobia irritans linnaeus, h. titillans bezzi, and haematobosca stimulans meigen) are described. the morphology of some structures (haustellum, prestomal teeth and petiolate blades) is compared in order to draw attention to those features involved in the feeding process on the hosts.	1996	9257341
midgut-specific immune molecules are produced by the blood-sucking insect stomoxys calcitrans.	we have cloned and sequenced two defensins, smd1 and smd2, from anterior midgut tissue of the blood-sucking fly stomoxys calcitrans. the dna and n-terminal protein sequences suggest both are produced as prepropeptides. smd1 differs from the classic defensin pattern in having an unusual six-amino acid-long n-terminal sequence. both smd1 and smd2 have lower pi points and charge than insect defensins derived from fat body/hemocytes. northern analysis shows both of these defensin molecules are tissu ...	1997	9326639
stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans, mouthpart removal influences stress and anticipatory responses in mice.	biting fly attack induces a variety of stress and anxiety related changes in the physiology and behaviour of the target animals. significant reductions in pain, or more appropriately, nociceptive sensitivity (latency of a foot-lifting response to an aversive thermal stimulus), are evident in laboratory mice after a 1 h exposure to stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans. the role of the various components of biting fly attack in the development of this stress-induced reduction in pain sensitivity (ana ...	1997	9430107
population profile of stable flies (diptera: muscidae) caught on alsynite traps in various feedlot habitats.	cylindrical traps made from alsynite fiberglass were placed in 4 habitats in a confined cattle feedlot environment from 2 may to 30 october 1996 to evaluate abundance, sex ratio, physiological age structure, and blood-fed status of trapped adult stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). significantly more stable flies were caught on the trap located between host cattle and trees. the abundance of stable flies decreased geometrically with increasing distance from the host cattle in the open area. t ...	1998	9495090
relationships between temperature and life-history parameters of stomoxys calcitrans (diptera: muscidae).	relationships between temperature and life history parameters were determined for the stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.). median immature developmental times ranged from > 60 d at 15 degrees c to < 12 d at 30 degrees c, with minimum time at 30.6 degrees c. egg survival decreased from 0.98 at 15 degrees c to 0.91 at 20 degrees c, then increased to 0.98 at 35 degrees c. larval survival ranged from 0.83 at 20 degrees c to 0.65 at 35 degrees c, and pupal survival ranged from 0.93 at 20 degrees c t ...	1998	9538570
synthesis and endectocidal activity of novel 1-(arylsulfonyl)-1-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]methane derivatives.	we have recently synthesized a series of novel disulfonylmethane compounds that have shown anthelmintic and insecticidal (endectocidal) activity. several analogues have shown activity against the internal nematode haemonchus contortus. in sheep studies, these analogues have shown 100% control of this internal parasite at a 10 mg/kg rate. in vitro activity against the biting flies, stomoxys calcitrans and haematobia irritans, has been observed at rates as low as 25 and 2.3 ppm, respectively. only ...	1998	9544209
pruritus and dermal response to insect antigens in sheep infested with bovicola ovis.	this study examined the relationships among louse density, pruritus and dermal response to insect antigens in sheep infested with bovicola ovis. polypay and columbia ewes were allocated to two groups, infested and naive, and louse densities and pruritus were monitored for 15 months. ten months after the initial infestation, all sheep were tested for hypersensitivity on the midside and ears by intradermal injection of soluble extracts of b. ovis, stomoxys calcitrans and musca autumnalis. the area ...	1998	9559360
cloning, sequencing, temporal expression and tissue-specificity of two serine proteases from the midgut of the blood-feeding fly stomoxys calcitrans.	using highly degenerate, serine-protease-specific pcr primers on a midgut-specific cdna library it was estimated that a minimum of 24 independent serine proteases were expressed in the midgut of stomoxys calcitrans. the relative abundance of these 24 independent serine proteases has been estimated by restriction analysis of pcr products, showing that 69% fall into six almost equally abundant groups. two highly abundant serine protease cdnas (ssp1 and ssp2) were isolated and sequenced. they encod ...	1998	9660182
serum and skin surface antibodies and their associations with sheep biting lice, bovicola ovis, on experimentally infested sheep.	the sheep biting louse (bovicola ovis) feeds superficially on the skin of sheep but appears to stimulate an immune response. in this study we examined the association between louse infestation and serum and skin surface antibodies. louse numbers were monitored on experimentally infested polypay and columbia ewes for two years and on their lambs in the second year. serum and skin wash samples were tested for antibodies to soluble extracts of b. ovis, stomoxys calcitrans and musca autumnalis by en ...	1998	9737599
sex differences in opioid and n-methyl-d-aspartate mediated non-opioid biting fly exposure induced analgesia in deer mice.	there is evidence for sex differences in responses to noxious stimuli and in the expression and mediation of analgesia. in particular, results of investigations with swim stress and the more ethologically appropriate stress of predator odor exposure have suggested sex differences in n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor system involvement in the mediation of analgesia. whether or not this sex difference generalizes to other environmental stressors is, however, not clear. biting flies are a natura ...	1998	9766834
releases of spalangia nigroaenea and muscidifurax zaraptor (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) increase rates of parasitism and total mortality of stable fly and house fly (diptera: muscidae) pupae in illinois cattle feedlots.	weekly releases of spalangia nigroaenea curtis and muscidifurax zaraptor kogan & legner from may through august of 1991-1993 at small, owner-operated cattle feedlots in illinois provided weekly emergence of 100-300 parasitoids of each species per feedlot animal. in assessments based on fly and parasitoid emergence from > 47,000 stable fly and house fly puparia collected during the 3-yr period, total stable fly mortality was greater in lots where releases were made (60.7%) than in paired, untreat ...	1998	9805499