Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| the warm temperature acclimation protein (wap65) has an important role in the inflammatory response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | wap65 is a molecule similar to the mammalian hemopexin that is a serum glycoprotein produced mainly by the liver with high affinity to heme. its primary role is participating in iron metabolism scavenging heme that is released into the plasma and transporting it to the liver. it has been reported an important role of hemopexin in the inflammation as an acute-phase protein and its production is up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. there are also some evidences suggesting this immune-induct ... | 2014 | 24794581 |
| detection of variants of the pras3, pab5s9, and psn254 plasmids in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: multidrug resistance, interspecies exchanges, and plasmid reshaping. | the ubiquitous water-borne gram-negative bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a worldwide disease in fish farms. plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes have already been described for this bacterium. the aim of the present study was to identify and characterize additional multidrug resistance plasmids in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. we sequenced the plasmids present in two multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates using high-through ... | 2014 | 25267667 |
| adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ... | 2015 | 25281580 |
| aeromonas salmonicida binds differentially to mucins isolated from skin and intestinal regions of atlantic salmon in an n-acetylneuraminic acid-dependent manner. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection, also known as furunculosis disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality in salmonid aquaculture. the first line of defense the pathogen encounters is the mucus layer, which is predominantly comprised of secreted mucins. here we isolated and characterized mucins from the skin and intestinal tract of healthy atlantic salmon and studied how a. salmonicida bound to them. the mucins from the skin, pyloric ceca, and proximal and distal in ... | 2014 | 25287918 |
| triclosan resistance in a bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is mediated by an enoyl reductase, fabv. | triclosan, the widely used biocide, specifically targets enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (enr) in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis system. although the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida exhibits triclosan resistance, the nature of this resistance has not been elucidated. here, we aimed to characterize the triclosan resistance of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causing furunculosis. the fosmid library of triclosan-resistant a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was const ... | 2015 | 25370725 |
| variants of a genomic island in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida link isolates with their geographical origins. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen. analysis of its genomic characteristics is required to determine the worldwide distribution of the various populations of this bacterium. genomic alignments between the 01-b526 pathogenic strain and the a449 reference strain have revealed a 51-kb chromosomal insertion in 01-b526. this insertion (asagei1a) has been identified as a new genomic island (gei) bearing prophage genes. pcr assays were used to detect this gei in a collection of ... | 2015 | 25480167 |
| use of in vivo induced antigen technology to identify genes from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that are specifically expressed during infection of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida is a major fish pathogen associated with mass mortalities in salmonid fish. in the present study, we applied in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat), a technique that relies on antibodies adsorbed against in vitro cultures of the pathogen, to a clinical isolate of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | 2014 | 25495705 |
| effective qpcr methodology to quantify the expression of virulence genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | this study aimed to select and validate different methodological strategies to quantify the expression of the virulence genes ascc and ascv by qpcr in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (aer. salmonicida). | 2015 | 25619119 |
| marine lactobacillus pentosus h16 protects artemia franciscana from vibrio alginolyticus pathogenic effects. | vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen which may affect different aquatic organisms. the aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and the protective mode of action of lactobacillus pentosus h16 against v. alginolyticus 03/8525, through in vitro and in vivo studies using artemia franciscana (hereafter artemia). this strain showed antimicrobial activity against v. alginolyticus 03/8525 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc33658 possibly related to lactobacill ... | 2015 | 25667335 |
| bactericidal efficacy of elevated ph on fish pathogenic and environmental bacteria. | ship ballast water is a recognized medium for transfer and introductions of nonindigenous species. there is a need for new ballast water treatment methods that effectively and safely eliminate or greatly minimize movements of these species. the present study employed laboratory methods to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of increased ph (ph 10.0-12.0) for exposure durations of up to 72 h to kill a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including fish pathogens (aeromonas spp., yer ... | 2012 | 25685439 |
| draft genome sequences of two aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates harboring plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a widespread fish disease causing important economic losses to the fish farming industry. antibiotic treatments in fish farms may be challenging given the existence of multidrug-resistant isolates of this bacterium. here, we report the draft genome sequences of the 2004-05mf26 and 2009-144k3 isolates, which harbor plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance. both isolates also carry the large plasmid pasa5, which is know ... | 2015 | 25724776 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ... | 2015 | 25849251 |
| asagei2b: a new variant of a genomic island identified in the aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida jf3224 strain isolated from a wild fish in switzerland. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causal agent of furunculosis in salmonids. we recently identified a group of genomic islands (asagei) in this bacterium. asagei2a, one of these genomic islands, has almost exclusively been identified in isolates from north america. to date, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida jf3224, a strain isolated from a wild brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in switzerland, was the only european isolate that appeared to bear asagei2a. we analyzed the geno ... | 2015 | 26048417 |
| aeromonas salmonicida infection only moderately regulates expression of factors contributing to toll-like receptor signaling but massively activates the cellular and humoral branches of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. however, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. we measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tissues of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida induced highly increased levels of cytokine mrnas du ... | 2015 | 26266270 |
| two catechol siderophores, acinetobactin and amonabactin, are simultaneously produced by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida sharing part of the biosynthetic pathway. | the iron uptake mechanisms based on siderophore synthesis used by the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida are still not completely understood, and the precise structure of the siderophore(s) is unknown. the analysis of genome sequences revealed that this bacterium possesses two gene clusters putatively involved in the synthesis of siderophores. one cluster is a candidate to encode the synthesis of acinetobactin, the siderophore of the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii, wh ... | 2015 | 26463084 |
| diversity and homogeneity among small plasmids of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida linked with geographical origin. | furunculosis, which is caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is a major salmonid disease in fish farms worldwide. several plasmids found in this bacterium confer phenotypes such drug resistance and virulence. small plasmids (pasa1, pasa2, pasa3, and pasal1) related to cole1- and cole2-type replicons are usually present in its normal plasmidome. in the present study, with the objective to investigate if these plasmids display particularities related to the origin of the isolates bea ... | 2015 | 26635745 |
| antigens of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specifically induced in vivo in oncorhynchus mykiss. | 2016 | 26661507 | |
| characterization of gp21 and gp12: two potential probiotic bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic cod. | this study evaluated the probiotic potential of gp21 (pseudomonas sp.) and gp12 (psychrobacter sp.), two bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of a cold-water fish, atlantic cod. the antagonistic activity of the two intestinal bacteria against two fish pathogens (vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) was studied under different physical conditions. further, their resistance to physiological barriers and their ability to form biofilms were examined. in addition, a ... | 2010 | 26781122 |
| investigations on the role of the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis (caligidae), as a vector in the transmission of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | a bacteria-parasite challenge model was used to study the role of sea lice, lepeophtheirus salmonis (copepoda), as a vector of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. three hypotheses were tested: (i) l. salmonis can acquire a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida via water bath exposure; (ii) l. salmonis can acquire the bacteria via parasitizing infected atlantic salmon, salmo salar; and (iii) l. salmonis can transmit the bacteria to naïve atlantic salmon via parasitism. adult l. salmonis exposed t ... | 2016 | 26851068 |
| development of similar broth microdilution methods to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of flavobacterium columnare and f. psychrophilum. | flavobacterium columnare and f. psychrophilum are major fish pathogens that cause diseases that may require antimicrobial therapy. choice of appropriate treatment is dependent upon determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. therefore we optimized methods for broth microdilution testing of f. columnare and f. psychrophilum to facilitate standardizing an antimicrobial susceptibility test. we developed adaptations to make reproducible broth inoculums and confirmed the proper incubati ... | 2016 | 26949840 |
| antibiotic resistance due to an unusual cole1-type replicon plasmid in aeromonas salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen known to have a rich plasmidome. in the present study, we discovered an isolate of this bacterium bearing an additional unidentified small plasmid. after having sequenced the dna of that isolate by next-generation sequencing, it appeared that the new small plasmid is a cole1-type replicon plasmid, named here pasa7. this plasmid bears a functional chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase-encoding gene (cat-pasa7) previously unknown in a. salmon ... | 2016 | 27028891 |
| detection and quantification of aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real-time pcr. | furunculosis, a septicaemic infection caused by the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, currently causes problems in danish seawater rainbow trout production. detection has mainly been achieved by bacterial culture, but more rapid and sensitive methods are needed. a previously developed real-time pcr assay targeting the plasmid encoded aopp gene of a. salmonicida was, in parallel with culturing, used for the examination of five organs of 40 fish from danish freshwater and seawate ... | 2017 | 27193829 |
| immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) experimentally infected with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida represents one of the major threats in aquaculture, especially in salmonid fish and turbot farming. in order to fight bacterial infections, fish have an immune system composed by innate and specific cellular and humoral elements analogous to those present in mammals. however, innate immunity plays a primordial role against bacterial infections in teleost fish. among these non-specific mechanisms, the production of nitric oxide (no) by inducible nitric oxi ... | 2016 | 27431586 |
| aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains isolated from chinese freshwater fish contain a novel genomic island and possible regional-specific mobile genetic elements profiles. | two strains of aeromonas salmonicida, yk and bg, were isolated from largemouth bronze gudgeon and northern whitefish in china, and identified as a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida based on phylogenetic analysis of vapa and 16s rrna gene sequences. yk and bg originated from freshwater fish, one of which belonged to the cyprinid family, and the strains showed a difference in virulence. subsequently, we performed whole genome sequencing of the strains, and comparison of their genomic sequences to th ... | 2016 | 27493011 |
| positive correlation between aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (as) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin-killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under danish mariculture conditions. we elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin-killed bacteria) in the vaccine. rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intra ... | 2017 | 27593619 |
| diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes in canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: dominance of psn254b and discovery of pasa8. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a common pathogen in fish farms worldwide. since the antibiotic resistance of this bacterial species is on the increase, it is important to have a broader view on this issue. in the present study, we tested the presence of known plasmids conferring multi-drug resistance as well as antibiotic resistance genes by a pcr approach in 100 canadian a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. our study highlighted the dominance of the conjugative ... | 2016 | 27752114 |
| the mosaic architecture of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida pasa4 plasmid and its consequences on antibiotic resistance. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids, is an issue especially because many isolates of this bacterium display antibiotic resistances, which limit treatments against the disease. recent results suggested the possible existence of alternative forms of pasa4, a large plasmid found in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and bearing multiple antibiotic resistance genes. the present study reveals the existence of two newly detected pasa4 variants, pas ... | 2016 | 27812409 |
| preliminary study on the in vitro and in vivo effects of asparagopsis taxiformis bioactive phycoderivates on teleosts. | several compounds from marine organisms have been studied for their potential use in aquaculture. among the red algae, asparagopsis taxiformis is considered one of the most promising species for the production of bioactive metabolites with numerous proposed applications. here, the in vitro antibacterial activity, the easy handling and the absence of adverse effects on marine fish species are reported. depending on the seasonal period of sampling, ethanol extracts of a. taxiformis exhibited signi ... | 2016 | 27826246 |
| development of a sybr green i real-time pcr assay for specific identification of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida. | a sybr green i real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol for specific detection of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was developed and validated for rapid diagnosis of typical furunculosis. the sequence of the aopo gene of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, which encodes for a serine/threonine protein kinase linked to virulence, was chosen for primer design. the selected primers amplified a 119-bp internal fragment of the aopo gene. the specificity test proved that 10 ... | 2016 | 27838837 |
| aeromonas salmonicida type iii secretion system-effectors-mediated immune suppression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiologic agent of furunculosis, is a major pathogen in aquaculture. together with other pathogens, it is characterized by the presence of a type 3 secretion system (t3ss). the t3ss is the main virulence mechanism of a. salmonicida. it is used by the bacterium to secrete and translocate several toxins and effector proteins into the host cell. some of these factors have a detrimental impact on the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton, likely contributin ... | 2017 | 27923746 |
| identification of the ferric-acinetobactin outer membrane receptor in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and structure-activity relationships of synthetic acinetobactin analogues. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in several fish species, produces acinetobactin and amonabactin as siderophores. in a previous study, we chemically characterized these siderophores and proposed a biosynthetic pathway based on genetic analysis. however, the internalization mechanisms of ferric-acinetobactin and ferric-amonabactin remain largely unknown. in the present study, we demonstrate that the outer membrane protein fstb is the ferric-acinetobact ... | 2017 | 27936588 |
| subunit vaccine candidates against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis and a major fish health problem in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. injection vaccination with commercial mineral oil-adjuvanted bacterin vaccines has been partly successful in preventing the disease but in danish rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) aquaculture furunculosis outbreaks still occur. in this study we tested the efficacy of experimental subunit vaccines against a. salmonicida infection in rainbo ... | 2017 | 28182704 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas fluorescens ml11a, an endogenous strain from brook charr with antagonistic properties against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | pseudomonas fluorescens ml11a, isolated from brook charr, showed a strong in vitro inhibitory effect against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a bacterial fish pathogen. its genome harbors gene clusters for siderophore and bacteriocin biosynthesis and shares 99% whole-genome identity with p. fluorescens a506, a biological control strain used in agriculture. | 2017 | 28254983 |
| antimicrobial effect of the biotronic® top3 supplement and efficacy in protecting rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from infection by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | demand for more environmentally friendly practices have led to the adoption of several feed supplements by the fish farming industry. in the present study, we investigated a commercially available formula that includes a mixture of three compounds: organic acids, a phytochemical and biomin® permeabilizing complex. this mixture demonstrated antimicrobial properties in vitro and was able to inhibit growth of multiple species of aquatic bacterial pathogens, including aeromonas salmonicida. bacteria ... | 2017 | 28343146 |
| the protective effect of humic-rich substances on atypical aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). | when challenged with atypical aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, exposure of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to different humic-rich compounds resulted in a significant reduction in infection rates. specifically, in fish exposed to (i) humic-rich water and sludge from a recirculating system, (ii) a synthetic humic acid, and (iii) a leonardite-derived humic-rich extract, infection rates were reduced to 14.9%, 17.0% and 18.8%, respectively, as compared to a 46.8% infection rate in the ... | 2017 | 28493490 |
| differential effects of exposure to parasites and bacteria on stress response in turbot scophthalmus maximus simultaneously stressed by low water depth. | the stress response of turbot scophthalmus maximus was evaluated in fish maintained 8 days under different water depths, normal (nwd, 30 cm depth, total water volume 40 l) or low (lwd, 5 cm depth, total water volume 10 l), in the additional presence of infection-infestation of two pathogens of this species. this was caused by intraperitoneal injection of sublethal doses of the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida or the parasite philasterides dicentrarchi (ciliophora:scuticociliati ... | 2017 | 28516502 |
| analysis of the genome and mobilome of a dissimilatory arsenate reducing aeromonas sp. o23a reveals multiple mechanisms for heavy metal resistance and metabolism. | aeromonas spp. are among the most ubiquitous microorganisms, as they have been isolated from different environmental niches including waters, soil, as well as wounds and digestive tracts of poikilothermic animals and humans. although much attention has been paid to the pathogenicity of aeromonads, the role of these bacteria in environmentally important processes, such as transformation of heavy metals, remains to be discovered. therefore, the aim of this study was a detailed genomic characteriza ... | 2017 | 28611742 |
| plasmid composition in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida 01-b526 unravels unsuspected type three secretion system loss patterns. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a ubiquitous psychrophilic waterborne bacterium and a fish pathogen. the numerous mobile elements, especially insertion sequences (is), in its genome promote rearrangements that impact its phenotype. one of the main virulence factors of this bacterium, its type three secretion system (ttss), is affected by these rearrangements. in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida most of the ttss genes are encoded in a single locus on a large plasmid called pas ... | 2017 | 28701230 |
| alternatives to mineral oil adjuvants in vaccines against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in rainbow trout offer reductions in adverse effects. | in an effort to reduce the frequency and severity of adverse reactions seen from the use of mineral oil adjuvants in salmonid fish, the effects of two alternative adjuvants were assessed, focusing on the induction of adverse effects as well as protection. using rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as recipients, injection vaccines based on formalin-inactivated aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida were formulated with cpg oligodeoxynucleotides, the liposomal cationic adjuvant formulation 0 ... | 2017 | 28724973 |
| in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against fish pathogens. | antibiotic resistance is a global issue that threatens public health. the excessive use of antibiotics contributes to this problem as the genes of antibiotic resistance can be transferred between the bacteria in humans, animals and aquatic organisms. metallic nanoparticles could serve as future substitutes for some conventional antibiotics because of their antimicrobial activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against major ... | 2017 | 28732514 |
| characterization and diversity of phages infecting aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | phages infecting aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of the fish disease furunculosis, have been isolated for decades but very few of them have been characterized. here, the host range of 12 virulent phages, including three isolated in the present study, was evaluated against a panel of 65 a. salmonicida isolates, including representatives of the psychrophilic subspecies salmonicida, smithia, masoucida, and the mesophilic subspecies pectinolytica. this bacterial set als ... | 2017 | 28765570 |
| draft genome sequence of the type strain aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658. | here, we report the draft genome sequence of the type strain aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 isolated from salmo salar the size of the genome is 4,728,143 bp with a g+c content of 58.5%. the a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc 33658 genome lacks essential virulence genes that were likely lost during genomic rearrangements. | 2017 | 28982999 |
| interplay between daily rhythmic serum-mediated bacterial killing activity and immune defence factors in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | circadian rhythm is emerging as an important regulator of immune functions. however, there is a paucity of information on the influence of this biological phenomenon in the antimicrobial factors in teleost fish. this study investigated the dynamics and interplay of serum-mediated bacterial killing activity and immune defence factors throughout the light:dark (ld) cycle in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the juvenile fish came from two different emergence time fractions (i.e., late and early ... | 2018 | 29146445 |
| epidemiology of danish aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in fish farms using whole genome sequencing. | furunculosis, a serious infection caused by the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is common in sea-reared rainbow trout production in denmark. developing an effective control strategy requires knowledge of the epidemiology, as well as the genomic and virulent variability of the danish a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. to obtain this, the genomes of 101 a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, including 99 danish isolates, one scottish strain and the type strain ncimb 1102, w ... | 2017 | 29259599 |
| the role for the small cryptic plasmids as moldable vectors for genetic innovation in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a bacterium that causes fish disease, there are two types of small plasmids (<15 kbp): plasmids without known function, called cryptic plasmids, and plasmids that bear beneficial genes for the bacterium. four among them are frequently detected in strains of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: pasa1, pasa2, pasa3, and pasal1. the latter harbors a gene which codes for an effector of the type three secretion system, while the three others are cryptic. it ... | 2017 | 29326751 |