Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [relationship of sa, no and h2o2 signals in the reponses of arabidopsis to toxin of verticillium dahliae]. | the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in arabidopsis was induced by toxin of verticillium dahliae (vd-toxin), exogenous salicylic acid (sa) and nitric oxide donor (snp). the effect of snp was the most intense. h2o2 level was not increased in arabidopsis treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (nna). it was identified with the results of dab staining of h2o2 accumulates in the leaves of arabidopsis. h2o2 was cytochemically detected in the cells of epidermal hair and the cell wall of v ... | 2004 | 15511076 |
| diversity and antagonistic potential of bacteria associated with bryophytes from nutrient-poor habitats of the baltic sea coast. | very little is known about the interaction of bryophytes with bacteria. therefore, we analyzed bacteria associated with three bryophyte species, tortula ruralis, aulacomnium palustre, and sphagnum rubellum, which represent typical moss species of three nutrient-poor plant communities at the southern baltic sea coast in germany. by use of two cultivation-independent techniques, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the 16s ribosomal dna, a ... | 2004 | 15528520 |
| anti-fungal sesquiterpenoid from the root exudate of solanum abutiloides. | the solanum abutiloides plant is highly resistant to soil-borne pathogens such as fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, verticillium dahliae, and ralstonia solanacearum. this species is utilized as a mating source of resistant cultivars and is also used as a rootstock. the root exudate of solanum abutiloides was extracted from a soil system composed of charcoal and vermiculite. anti-fungal activity was found in the extract, and an active ingredient was isolated. the chemical structure of the act ... | 2004 | 15618642 |
| [induction, purification and antifungal activity of beta-1, 3-glucanase from wheat leaves]. | treatment with mercuric chloride (0.01%), salicylic acid (10.0 mg/ml) or riboflavin (1 mmol/l) induced the beta-1, 3-glucanase activity in all the three wheat varieties i.e. 331, kangdao 680 and lumai 23 tested, with the strongest inductive effect on variety 331 by treatment with mercuric chloride (0.01%) for 24 h. from leaves of variety 331 treated with mercuric chloride (0.01%) for 24 h, a kind of beta-1, 3-glucanase was purified by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate, phenyl-sepha ... | 2004 | 15627688 |
| ultrastructural changes and location of beta-1, 3-glucanase in resistant and susceptible cotton callus cells in response to treatment with toxin of verticillium dahliae and salicylic acid. | calli from two cotton cultivars susceptible and resistant to verticillium wilt, were treated with a crude toxin of verticillium dahliae (vd-toxin) plus salicylic acid (sa). cells treated with vd-toxin showed distinct ultrastructural changes. cells from the susceptible cultivar displayed damage to plasma membrane and cytoplasm. the deleterious effect on cells of the resistant cultivar, with an accumulation of electron-dense precipitate in the vacuoles, was less noticeable. exogenous sa protected ... | 2004 | 15658807 |
| mab 8d2 (anti-verticillium dahliae kleb.). | 2004 | 15684881 | |
| olive verticillium wilt or dieback of olive in iran. | during 2000--03, different areas in zanjan, golestan and khorasan provinces were surveyed for the presence of olive dieback. olive branches, leaves and roots showing typical symptoms and soil around the roots were collected for further study. samples were surface-sterilized with sodium hypochlorite or ethanol and then cultured on pda and czapek media. soil samples were diluted in ethanol-agar for fungal isolation and purification. morphological characteristics of the fungal mycelium particularly ... | 2004 | 15756823 |
| influence of inoculum density of verticillium dahliae, temperature and relative humidity on epidemics of verticillium wilt of cotton in northern iran. | during 1992--2003, frequency of verticillium dahliae propagules, disease incidence and severity of verticillium wilt of cotton were determined in several cotton growing fields in golestan province, northeastern iran. inoculum density varied among fields and different years ranging between 2-47 propagules/g of air-dried soil with an average of 18.96+/-0.73. in addition, the pattern of diseased plants varied with type of field and year. simple regression analysis showed a linear relationship betwe ... | 2004 | 15756835 |
| purification and partial characterization of two chitinases from the mycoparasitic fungus talaromyces flavus. | chitinases were produced by talaromyces flavus cgmcc 3.4301 when it was grown in the presence of chitin. two chitinases from the culture filtrate of t. flavus were purified to homogeneity by fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose and phenyl-sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography. by sds-page, the molecular weight of the two enzymes was estimated to be 41 and 32 kda, respectively. the 41 kda chitinase (chit41) had a 4.0 ph optimum; the ... | 2005 | 15770448 |
| electrophoretic karyotype and gene mapping of the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae. | the karyotype profile of verticillium dahliae was resolved by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. it revealed 6 chromosomal bands that corresponded to 7 chromosomes as shown by rflp analysis using as probe the telomeric consensus sequence (aaccct)(5). the number of chromosomes was further verified by the sensitivity of the hybridization signals to bal31 digestion and the exclusion of interfering mitochondrial dna signals. the corresponding sizes of the seven separated chromosomes were 6.7, 5.6, 4.1 ... | 2005 | 15837375 |
| antisense suppression of a (+)-delta-cadinene synthase gene in cotton prevents the induction of this defense response gene during bacterial blight infection but not its constitutive expression. | in cotton (gossypium hirsutum) the enzyme (+)-delta-cadinene synthase (cdns) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of cadinane-type sesquiterpenes, such as gossypol, that provide constitutive and inducible protection against pests and diseases. a cotton cdna clone encoding cdns (cdn1-c4) was isolated from developing embryos and functionally characterized. southern analysis showed that cdns genes belong to a large multigene family, of which five genomic clones were studied, inclu ... | 2005 | 15849309 |
| [identification and characterization of differentially expressed ests of gossypium barbadense infected by verticillium dahliae with suppression subtractive hybridization]. | cotton wilt defense reaction is a complicated continuous process and involves a battery of genes. in this study, we adopted suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique to isolate differentially expressed ests from gossypium barbadense variety 7124 during verticillium wilt defense process. an array of 1165 clones from the subtractive library has been screened with reverse northern blotting, of which 131 ests were considered as over-expressed and 16 ests were down-regulated. sequence ana ... | 2005 | 15856944 |
| n-benzoyl-n'-dialkylthiourea derivatives and their co(iii) complexes: structure, and antifungal. | n-(morpholinothiocarbonyl) benzamide (c(12)h(14)n(2)o(2)s) and n-(piperidylthiocarbonyl) benzamide (c(13)h(16)n(2)os) and their co(iii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ftir and nmr methods. the complex co(c(12)h(14)n(2)o(2)s)(3), crystallizes in the triclinic space group p1, with z=2, and unit cell parameters, a=12.080(7)a, b=12.195(7)a, c=13.025(6)a, alpha=90.198(7) degrees, beta=95.721(7) degrees, gamma=106.426(9) degrees, v=1830.4(17)a(3). the antifung ... | 2005 | 15917085 |
| the use of natural bio-agents for the control of cotton phytopathogens. | the use of natural antagonists as means of pre-sowing seed treatment showed high biological efficacy by improving seed germination, growth and productivity of cotton plants, and by decreasing infection by major cotton pathogens: xanthomonas malvacearum, rhizoctonia solani, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, verticillium dahliae. studies of anti-microbial properties of antagonists revealed significant inhibitory activity of bacillus subtilis strains and their metabolites against cotton pathog ... | 2001 | 15954583 |
| [activity of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein of banana fruit tissues]. | the activity of polygalacturonase and the protein inhibiting this enzyme, which affected polygalacturonases of phytopathogenic fungi verticillium dahliae and gloesporium musarium, were detected in banana (musa acumthata l.) fruit of cultivars cavendish and korolevskii. the polygalacturonase from banana fruit was inhibited by the preparations of the protein inhibitor not only from bananas but also from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) tubers and pepper (capsicum annuum l.) fruit. | 2005 | 15977788 |
| induction of resistance to verticillium dahliae in arabidopsis thaliana by the biocontrol agent k-165 and pathogenesis-related proteins gene expression. | the biocontrol bacterium paenibacillus alvei k165 has the ability to protect arabidopsis thaliana against verticillium dahliae. a direct antagonistic action of strain k165 against v. dahliae was ruled out, making it likely that k165-mediated protection results from induced systemic resistance (isr) in the host. k165-mediated protection was tested in various arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants impaired in defense signaling pathways, including nahg (transgenic line degrading salicylic acid [ ... | 2005 | 15986925 |
| moderate drought influences the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biocontrol agents against verticillium-induced wilt in pepper. | previous studies have shown that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus deserticola (trappe, bloss and menge) can diminish the negative effect of verticillium dahliae kleb. on pepper yield. on the other hand, it is known that amf can be more beneficial for plant growth and physiology under dry conditions than when soil moisture is plentiful. therefore, our objective was to assess if a moderate water deficit imposed on pepper plants before their inoculation with v. dahliae could improve t ... | 2004 | 16001290 |
| mutations in vmk1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene, affect microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity in verticillium dahliae. | verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt diseases in a large variety of important crop plants. due to its persistence in the soil, control of verticillium wilt relies heavily on soil fumigation. the global ban on methyl bromide, a highly effective soil fumigant, poses an urgent need to develop alternative control measures against verticillium wilt; and these might be more forthcoming with a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechan ... | 2005 | 16003535 |
| [construction and analysis of ssh library of gossypium barbadense upon infection with verticillium dahliae]. | roots were collected from the seedlings inoculated with pathogen verticillium dahliae after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for total rna extraction. the cdnas from the inoculated seedlings were used as the tester and those from the control seedlings as the driver. ssh method was employed to find the differently expressed cdnas responding to the pathogen. t/a clone library was constructed containing 534 clones. the cdna inserts were amplified from the bacterial clones directly with m13 prim ... | 2005 | 16018265 |
| host response of tobacco to verticillium dahliae (tob.) kleb.--a cytological method of assaying resistance. | 1970 | 16056726 | |
| ghhb1: a nonsymbiotic hemoglobin gene of cotton responsive to infection by verticillium dahliae. | verticillium wilt of cotton is a widespread and destructive disease that is caused by the fungus pathogen verticillium dahliae. although no cotton cultivar is immune to the disease, some genotypes exhibit superior wilt tolerance. to gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for wilt tolerance, we employed the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) to isolate genes whose expression is up-regulated after inoculation of the pathogen in a wilt-tolerant cotton cultivar ... | 2005 | 16084605 |
| impact of plant species and site on rhizosphere-associated fungi antagonistic to verticillium dahliae kleb. | fungi with antagonistic activity toward plant pathogens play an essential role in plant growth and health. to analyze the effects of the plant species and the site on the abundance and composition of fungi with antagonistic activity toward verticillium dahliae, fungi were isolated from oilseed rape and strawberry rhizosphere and bulk soil from three different locations in germany over two growing seasons. a total of 4,320 microfungi screened for in vitro antagonism toward verticillium resulted i ... | 2005 | 16085804 |
| evidences for involvement of endogenous camp in arabidopsis defense responses to verticillium toxins. | although there were reports suggesting the involvement of endogenous camp in plant defense signaling cascades, there is no direct evidence supporting this notion yet and the detailed mechanism is unclear. in the present study, we have used pathogenic fungi verticillium dahliae and arabidopsis plants as a model system of plant-microb interaction to demonstrate the function of endogenous camp in arabidopsis defense responses. both v. dahliae inoculation and verticillium toxins injection induced ty ... | 2005 | 16117848 |
| quantitative assessment of phytopathogenic fungi in various substrates using a dna macroarray. | detection, identification and quantification of plant pathogens are the cornerstones of preventive plant disease management. to detect multiple pathogens in a single assay, dna array technology currently is the most suitable technique. however, for sensitive detection, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification before array hybridization is required. to evaluate whether dna array technology can be used to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple pathogens, a dna macroarray was designed and ... | 2005 | 16232285 |
| endophytic and ectophytic potato-associated bacterial communities differ in structure and antagonistic function against plant pathogenic fungi. | differences between endophytic and ectophytic bacterial communities with stress on antagonistic bacteria, were studied by comparing the composition of communities isolated from the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endorhiza and endosphere of field-grown potato plants using a multiphasic approach. terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s rdna of the bacterial communities revealed discrete microenvironment-specific patterns. to measure the antagonistic potential of potato-associ ... | 2005 | 16329870 |
| structural elucidation of fungal polysaccharides isolated from the cell wall of plectosphaerella cucumerina and verticillium spp. | the structure of acidic fungal polysaccharides isolated from the cell wall of plectosphaerella cucumerina, verticillium dahliae, and v. albo-atrum has been investigated by chemical analysis, methylation analysis, and 1d and 2d 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy. the polysaccharides have an idealized repeating block of the type: [carbohydrates: see text] linked to a small mannan core (<15%), where n=13, m=13, p=5, and q=8 for p. cucumerina, and n=16, m=16, p=6, and q <1 for both verticillium species. | 2006 | 16330005 |
| a hydrophobin gene, vdh1, is involved in microsclerotial development and spore viability in the plant pathogen verticillium dahliae. | the wilt fungus verticillium dahliae kleb. produces desiccation- and cold-tolerant resting structures, known as microsclerotia, which are the primary source of disease inoculum in the field. in an exploration of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of these important structures, we have identified in v. dahliae a differentially expressed, class ii hydrophobin gene (vdh1). vdh1 mutants generated through targeted gene disruption show a severe reduction in microsclerotia production, ... | 2006 | 16488633 |
| development of toxa and toxb promoter-driven fluorescent protein expression vectors for use in filamentous ascomycetes. | the green fluorescent protein (gfp) has been established as the premier in vivo reporter for investigations of gene expression, protein localization, and cell and organism dynamics. the fungal transformation vector pct74, with sgfp under the control of the toxa promoter from pyrenophora tritici-repentis, effectively expresses gfp in a diverse group of filamentous ascomycetes. due to the versatility of toxa promoter-driven expression of gfp, we constructed an additional set of fluorescent protein ... | 2005 | 16596965 |
| the rhizosphere effect on bacteria antagonistic towards the pathogenic fungus verticillium differs depending on plant species and site. | rhizobacteria with antagonistic activity towards plant pathogens play an essential role in root growth and plant health and are influenced by plant species in their abundance and composition. to determine the extent of the effect of the plant species and of the site on the abundance and composition of bacteria with antagonistic activity towards verticillium dahliae, bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of two verticillium host plants, oilseed rape and strawberry, and from bulk soil were analys ... | 2006 | 16629754 |
| vegetative compatibility and pathogenecity of verticillium dahliae kleb. isolates from olive in iran. | verticillium wilt caused by verticillium dahliae is a serious problem of olive trees leading to significant reduction in yield. verticillium wilt of olive trees was first recorded in iran 1996 and confirm as due to verticillium dahliae kleb. 101 isolates of v. dahliae from olive trees at deferent locations in north provinces of iran were assigned to vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs), using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. a higher frequency of nit 1/nit 3 mutants (93%) was obtained comp ... | 2005 | 16637195 |
| inhibition of elicitor-induced phytoalexin formation in cotton and soybean cells by citrate. | addition of an elicitor preparation from verticillium dahliae to soybean or cotton cell suspension cultures induces the formation of the phytoalexins, glycelollin or sesquiterpene aldehydes, respectively. recent work (ps low, pf heinstein 1986 arch biochem biophys 249: 472-479) has shown that the induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis in these cells is preceded by rapid changes in the plant cell membrane which can be conveniently monitored by membrane associated fluorescent probes. using this eli ... | 1987 | 16665597 |
| stimulation of sanguinarine production by combined fungal elicitation and hormonal deprivation in cell suspension cultures of papaver bracteatum. | fungal elicitor preparations from either homogenized mycelia of dendryphion penicillatum (cda.) fr., a specific pathogen of papaver species, or conidia of verticillium dahliae kleb., a general pathogen, were added to 14-day-old suspension cultures of papaver bracteatum. plant tissue cultures were grown either in the presence or absence of 0.1 milligram of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid per liter and 0.5 milligram of 6-benzylam-inopurine per liter. dendryphion extracts elicited an accumulation of ... | 1988 | 16665861 |
| mechanism of photosynthesis decrease by verticillium dahliae in potato. | young, visually symptomless leaves from potato (solanum tuberosum) plants infected with verticillium dahliae exhibited reduced carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular co(2), but no increase in dark respiration, no change in the relationship between carbon assimilation rate versus intercellular co(2), and no change in light use efficiency when intercellular co(2) was held constant. therefore, the initial decrease in photosynthesis caused by v. dahliae was caused by stoma ... | 1990 | 16667795 |
| effect of elicitation and changes in extracellular ph on the cytoplasmic and vacuolar ph of suspension-cultured soybean cells. | we have employed both (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and two intracellular fluorescent ph indicator dyes to monitor the ph of the vacuole and cytoplasm of suspension-cultured soybean cells (glycine max merr cv kent). for the (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance studies, a flow cell was constructed that allowed perfusion of the cells in oxygenated growth medium throughout the experiment. when the perfusion medium was transiently adjusted to a ph higher than that of the ambient growth m ... | 1992 | 16668695 |
| [screening of mixed crop disease-resistant bacterial inoculants from n2-fixing and p-solubilzing bacterial isolates]. | in this paper, a total of 22 bacterial isolates capable of fixing nitrogen and/or solubilizing phosphorus were inoculated, and mixed incubated in 15 liquid media. the isolates were obtained from soil with selective media, and not purified. after grown for 48 hours, the mixed cultures were continuously inoculated to the same media, and then incubated under the same conditions. the procedures were repeated for 12 times, and 15 stable bacterial mixtures (sbm) were obtained. each sbm was purified, w ... | 2006 | 16724743 |
| screening and identification of endomannanase-producing microfungi from hypersaline environments. | a culture-dependent enrichment technique was used to isolate endo-1,4-beta-mannanase-producing fungi from a hypersaline environment. galactomannan was used as carbon source and resulted in isolation of strains of scopulariopsis brevicaulis, s. candida, and verticillium dahliae. the scopulariopsis isolates were found to be more dominant and could be isolated from consecutive evaporation ponds, whereas verticillium was only isolated from one pond. the scopulariopsis strains exhibited only endomann ... | 2006 | 16732459 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae: a novel gene order for verticillium and a diagnostic tool for species identification. | the complete sequence (27,184 bp) of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of the phytopathogenic fungus verticillium dahliae has been determined. it contains 14 protein-coding genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, two rrna genes and a set of 25 trna genes. a single intron, that harbors an intronic orf coding for a putative ribosomal protein (rps), is located within the large rrna gene (rnl). gene order comparisons of v. dahliae mtdna and complete mt genomes of pezizomycotina revealed four units o ... | 2006 | 16733756 |
| serine proteases and metalloproteases associated with pathogenesis but not host specificity in the entomophthoralean fungus zoophthora radicans. | the protease activity of a zoophthora radicans strain that was highly infective toward pieris brassicae (cabbage butterfly) larvae was compared with that of isogenic strains that were adapted to plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) larvae through serial passage. all strains produced three distinct serine proteases ranging in size from 25 to 37 kda; however, the original strain from p. brassicae also produced large amounts of an approximately 46 kda metalloprotease. subsequently, a cdna encodin ... | 2006 | 16788723 |
| oxygen consumption-based evaluation of fungal activity. | a novel oxygen-based microplate assay for studying fungal activity is described. fungal activity results in a change of oxygen concentration in cvc-96 plates and thus produces a signal that enables continuous monitoring of fungal activity. in this study the oxygen consumption was different for three tested fungi, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, verticillium dahliae and trichoderma longibrachiatum. the assay described is a highly sensitive and reliable method for monitoring fungal activity ... | 2006 | 16876696 |
| malvone a, a phytoalexin found in malva sylvestris (family malvaceae). | the isolation and structure of a phytoalexin, malvone a (2-methyl-3-methoxy-5,6-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) is reported. malvone a formation is induced in malva sylvestris l. by the plant pathogen verticillium dahliae. in a turbimetric assay for toxicity to v. dahliae, it had an ed50 value of 24 microg/ml. the structure of malvone a was determined by ms and nmr spectroscopy, and by x-ray crystallographic analysis. the x-ray analysis showed water molecules were located in channels that run alon ... | 2006 | 16996095 |
| verticillium dahliae toxin induced alterations of cytoskeletons and nucleoli in arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. | in plant cells, cytoskeletons play important roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. however, little is known about the dynamics of cytoskeletons when cells are attacked by unphysical stress factors such as elicitors and toxins. we report here that the toxin of verticillium dahliae (vd toxin) induced changes of microfilaments (mfs) and microtubules (mts) in arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells. when cells were treated with a low concentration of vd toxin, mfs were disrupted o ... | 2006 | 17019529 |
| cultivation-independent analysis of pseudomonas species in soil and in the rhizosphere of field-grown verticillium dahliae host plants. | despite their importance for rhizosphere functioning, rhizobacterial pseudomonas spp. have been mainly studied in a cultivation-based manner. in this study a cultivation-independent method was used to determine to what extent the factors plant species, sampling site and year-to-year variation influence pseudomonas community structure in bulk soil and in the rhizosphere of two verticillium dahliae host plants, oilseed rape and strawberry. community dna was extracted from bulk and rhizosphere soil ... | 2006 | 17107555 |
| characterization of the glyoxalase i gene from the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae. | a glyoxalase i gene homologue (vdglo1) was identified in the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae by sequence tag analysis of genes expressed during resting structure development. the results of the current study show that the gene encodes a putative 345 amino acid protein with high similarity to glyoxalase i, which produces s-d-lactoylglutathione from the toxic metabolic by-product methylglyoxal (mg). disruption of the v. dahliae gene by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation re ... | 2006 | 17110973 |
| fungal endophytes in potato roots studied by traditional isolation and cultivation-independent dna-based methods. | the composition and relative abundance of endophytic fungi in roots of field-grown transgenic t4-lysozyme producing potatoes and the parental line were assessed by classical isolation from root segments and cultivation-independent techniques to test the hypothesis that endophytic fungi are affected by t4-lysozyme. fungi were isolated from the majority of root segments of both lines and at least 63 morphological groups were obtained with verticillium dahliae, cylindrocarpon destructans, colletotr ... | 2006 | 17117985 |
| disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants. | fertile, transgenic cotton plants expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide, d4e1, were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pcr products and southern blots confirmed integration of the d4e1 gene, while rt-pcr of cotton rna confirmed the presence of d4e1 transcripts. in vitro assays with crude leaf protein extracts from t0 and t1 plants confirmed that d4e1 was expressed at sufficient levels to inhibit the growth of fusarium verticillioides and verticillium dahliae compare ... | 2005 | 17147626 |
| the mechanism of heterokaryotic growth in verticillium dahliae. | heterokaryons of verticillium dahliae, forced between complementary auxotrophs, were stable at 21 degrees and resembled the wild type morphologically. in such heterokaryons the hyphal cells were predominantly uninucleate, and no nuclear migration from cell to cell was observed. heterokaryosis was apparently confined to binucleate, interhyphal, anastomosed cells that arose 1-2 mm behind the colony front. such anastomosed cells thereby fed and maintained large homokaryotic areas including the colo ... | 1974 | 17248647 |
| gene suppression in a tolerant tomato-vascular pathogen interaction. | a plant can respond to the threat of a pathogen through resistance defenses or through tolerance. resistance has been widely studied in many host pathogen systems but little is known about genetic changes which underlie a tolerant interaction. a recently developed model system for a tolerant tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) interaction with a fungal wilt pathogen, verticillium dahliae kleb, is examined with respect to changes in gene expression and compared to a susceptible infection. the r ... | 2007 | 17308929 |
| isolation and characterization of resistance and defense gene analogs in cotton (gossypium barbadense l.). | plant disease resistance gene (r gene) and defense response gene encode some conserved motifs. in the present work, a pcr strategy was used to clone resistance gene analogs (rgas) and defense gene analogs (dgas) from sea-island cotton variety hai7124 using oligonucleotide primers based on the nucleotide-binding site (nbs) and serine/threonine kinase (stk) in the r-gene and pathogenesis-related proteins of class 2 (pr2) of defense response gene. 79 nbs sequences, 21 stk sequences and 11 dgas were ... | 2006 | 17312991 |
| over-expression gberf2 transcription factor in tobacco enhances brown spots disease resistance by activating expression of downstream genes. | erf transcription factors can bind gcc boxes or non-gcc cis elements to regulate biotic and abiotic stress responses. here, we report that an erf transcription factor gene (gberf2) was cloned by suppression subtraction hybridization from sea-island cotton after verticillium dahliae attack. the gberf2 cdna has a total length of 1143 bp with an open reading frame of 597 bp. the genomic sequence of gberf2 contains an intron of 515 bp. the gene encodes a predicated polypeptide of 198 amino acids wit ... | 2007 | 17321073 |
| resistance to verticillium dahliae (kleb.) in the strawberry breeding lines. | verticillium species are soil-borne fungi with worldwide distribution, causing vascular disease that results in severe yield and quality losses in fruit and nut crops, legumes, vegetables, forest trees, and woody and herbaceous ornamentals. most crop diseases are caused by the two species verticillium dahliae klebahn and v. albo-atrum reinke and berthier, which differ in morphology, host range, and growth characteristics. the control of verticillium spp. is especially difficult because they can ... | 2006 | 17390855 |
| verticillium wilt of olive branches in iran and its control managements with soil solarization method. | wilting of mostly one branch in nurseries and newly established orchards of olive was studied in eastern north of iran including zanjan, golestan and khorassan provinces during 2002-2004. different infected plants were visited and samples showing symptoms including wilting or death of branches collected from various areas and transferred to laboratory. samples were cultured in common media (pda) and different fungi were identified. the most frequently isolated pathogen was verticillium dahliae w ... | 2006 | 17390877 |
| dysfunctionality of the xylem in olea europaea l. plants associated with the infection process by verticillium dahliae kleb. role of phenolic compounds in plant defense mechanism. | xylem ultrastructural modification and the possible participation of phenolic compounds in the natural defense or resistance mechanisms of olive plants infected with verticillium dahliae kleb. were studied. microscopic study showed that the mycelium propagated and passed from one element to another through the pit. the formation of tyloses and aggregates contributed to obstruction of the xylem lumen. in vivo changes in the levels of these phenolic compounds in infected olive plants and their ant ... | 2007 | 17394331 |
| pseudomonas community structure and antagonistic potential in the rhizosphere: insights gained by combining phylogenetic and functional gene-based analyses. | the pseudomonas community structure and antagonistic potential in the rhizospheres of strawberry and oilseed rape (host plants of the fungal phytopathogen verticillium dahliae) were assessed. the use of a new pcr-dgge system, designed to target pseudomonas-specific gaca gene fragments in environmental dna, circumvented common biases of 16s rrna gene-based dgge analyses and proved to be a reliable tool to unravel the diversity of uncultured pseudomonas in bulk and rhizosphere soils. pseudomonas-s ... | 2007 | 17686023 |
| antifungal effects of volatile compounds from black zira (bunium persicum) and other spices and herbs. | the dish pack method, which measures growth inhibition or promotion effects of volatile compounds on germinating seeds, was applied to measure the antifungal effects of 52 dried samples of spices and herbs against a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus, fusarium oxysporum. black zira showed the strongest effect, followed by cumin and cardamom. headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of black zira identified seven volatile compounds, gamma-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, ... | 2007 | 17932718 |
| [characteristics and identification of an antagonistic xjul-6 against cotton verticillium wilt]. | in order to probe into the antagonistic mechanism of bacteria against verticillium dahliae kleb., twelve endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from the urtica cannabina l. in xinjiang. through antagonistic experiments, the antagonistic charts of the twelve endophytic bacterial strains against eleven crop diseases have been obtained, respectively, and the xjul-6 which has higher antagonistic activity against verticillium dahliae kleb. was screened from the endophytes with the joan-board diff ... | 2007 | 18271269 |
| verticillium dahliae toxins-induced nitric oxide production in arabidopsis is major dependent on nitrate reductase. | the source of nitric oxide (no) in plants is unclear and it has been reported no can be produced by nitric oxide synthase (nos) like enzymes and by nitrate reductase (nr). here we used wild-type, atnos1 mutant and nia1, nia2 nr-deficient mutant plants of arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the potential source of no production in response to verticillium dahliae toxins (vd-toxins). the results revealed that no production is much higher in wild-type and atnos1 mutant than in nia1, nia2 nr-deficie ... | 2008 | 18304455 |
| study of interaction between plant nutrition (n,p,k and ca) and verticillios wilt disease (verticillium dahliae) in cucumber. | cucumber wilt disease caused by verticillium dahliae is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. disease severity can to be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium levels. for this purpose, interaction between plant nutrition and cucumber verticillios disease in cucumber was studied. different levels of n, p, k and ca on one current cultivar of cucumber were investigated at the presence and absence of fungus, using a factorial analys ... | 2007 | 18396844 |
| characterization of a new isolate of pseudomonas fluorescens strain psd as a potential biocontrol agent. | evaluation of a new isolate of pseudomonas fluorescens for its biocontrol properties. | 2008 | 18565138 |
| vv-amp1, a ripening induced peptide from vitis vinifera shows strong antifungal activity. | latest research shows that small antimicrobial peptides play a role in the innate defense system of plants. these peptides typically contribute to preformed defense by developing protective barriers around germinating seeds or between different tissue layers within plant organs. the encoding genes could also be upregulated by abiotic and biotic stimuli during active defense processes. the peptides display a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. their potent anti-pathogenic characteristics ... | 2008 | 18611251 |
| the cladosporium fulvum virulence protein avr2 inhibits host proteases required for basal defense. | cladosporium fulvum (syn. passalora fulva) is a biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes leaf mold of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). during growth in the apoplast, the fungus establishes disease by secreting effector proteins, 10 of which have been characterized. we have previously shown that the avr2 effector interacts with the apoplastic tomato cys protease rcr3, which is required for cf-2-mediated immunity. we now show that avr2 is a genuine virulence factor of c. fulvum. heterologous expressio ... | 2008 | 18660430 |
| cloning and characterization of a tau glutathione s-transferase subunit encoding gene in gossypium hirsutum. | a predicted tau glutathione s-transferase (gst) subunit encoding gene, named ghgst, was isolated from gossypium hirsutum with race method from ssh library based on verticillium dahliae stress. the data revealed an open reading frame of 678 bp encoding a protein of 225 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25.821 kda. semi-quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed that the mrna of ghgst was expressed in root, stem and leaf. and the content of ghgst expression increased under verticillium dahliae stres ... | 2008 | 18670133 |
| [molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a new xylanase gene from verticillium dahliae]. | fungus verticillium dahliae caused greensickness of cotton and xylanase is necessary in this pathogenesis. cloning xylanase gene from v. dahliae and heterologous expression might obtain new xylanase. | 2008 | 18720841 |
| interactive effects of two soilborne pathogens, phytophthora capsici and verticillium dahliae, on chile pepper. | abstract phytophthora capsici and verticillium dahliae are two mycelial microorganisms associated with wilt symptoms on chile pepper (capsicum annuum). both pathogens occur in the same field and can infect a single plant. this study examined the nature of the co-occurrence of p. capsici and v. dahliae. chile pepper plants were inoculated with each pathogen separately or with both pathogens concomitantly or sequentially. in concomitant inoculations, plants were inoculated with a mixture of zoospo ... | 2007 | 18942934 |
| volatile fatty acids in liquid swine manure can kill microsclerotia of verticillium dahliae. | abstract liquid swine manure added to acidic soils killed microsclerotia of the wilt fungus verticillium dahliae. we investigated whether volatile fatty acids (vfas) in the manure were responsible for this toxicity. the survival of microsclerotia was determined after exposure to various dilutions of manure or its vfa components. acetic, propionic, and isobutyric acids constituted the major vfas in the manure, while n-butyric, n-valeric, iso-valeric, and n-caproic acids were present in lesser amo ... | 2002 | 18943030 |
| phylogenetic analyses of phytopathogenic isolates of verticillium spp. | abstract to better understand the genetic relationships between verticillium dahliae isolates from lettuce and other phytopathogenic verticillium spp. isolates from various hosts and geographic locations, the complete intergenic spacer (igs) region of the nuclear ribosomal rna gene (rdna) and the beta-tubulin gene were amplified and sequenced. the sequences of the complete igs region and the beta-tubulin gene were used alone and in combination to infer genetic relationships among different isola ... | 2006 | 18943175 |
| spatiotemporal analysis of spread of infections by verticillium dahliae pathotypes within a high tree density olive orchard in southern spain. | the development of verticillium wilt epidemics in olive cv. arbequina was studied from november 1999 to may 2003 in a drip-irrigated, nontillage orchard established in a soil without a history of the disease at córdoba, southern spain. disease incidence measured at 1-month-intervals increased from 0.2 to 7.8% during this period. verticillium dahliae infecting the trees was characterized as defoliating (d) or nondefoliating (nd) pathotypes by a specific, multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2008 | 18943193 |
| colonization of resistant and susceptible lettuce cultivars by a green fluorescent protein-tagged isolate of verticillium dahliae. | interactions between lettuce and a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-expressing, race 1 isolate of verticillium dahliae, were studied to determine infection and colonization of lettuce cultivars resistant and susceptible to verticillium wilt. the roots of lettuce seedlings were inoculated with a conidial suspension of the gfp-expressing isolate. colonization was studied with the aid of laser scanning confocal and epi-fluorescence microscopes. few differences in the initial infection and colonizati ... | 2008 | 18943205 |
| characterization of race-specific interactions among isolates of verticillium dahliae pathogenic on lettuce. | abstract verticillium wilt, caused by verticillium dahliae, poses a major threat to lettuce (lactuca sativa) production in california. incorporation of resistance into commercial lettuce cultivars offers the least expensive technique of sustaining production in infested areas. to test the breadth of the resistance identified in field experiments, a pair of susceptible ('salinas' and 'sniper') and resistant ('la brillante' and 'little gem') lettuce cultivars were used as differentials and individ ... | 2006 | 18943671 |
| phylogenetic analysis of verticillium dahliae vegetative compatibility groups. | the evolutionary relationships among verticillium dahliae vegetative compatibility (vcg) subgroups vcg1a, vcg1b, vcg2a, vcg2b, vcg4a, vcg4b, and vcg6 were investigated by parsimony analysis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprints and sequences of six dna regions (actin, beta-tubulin, calmodulin, and histone 3 genes, the its 1 and 2 regions of the rdna, and a v. dahliae-specific sequence), using 101 isolates of diverse host and geographic origin. polymorphisms in gene sequen ... | 2008 | 18943740 |
| liquid swine manure can kill verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil by volatile fatty acid, nitrous acid, and ammonia toxicity. | abstract in previous studies, liquid swine manure (lsm) was sometimes shown to reduce verticillium wilt of potato caused by verticillium dahliae. we also observed that microsclerotia of this fungus died within 1 day, or between 3 and 6 weeks, after addition of lsm to some acid soils and within 1 week in some alkaline soils. in this study, we demonstrated that a volatile fatty acid (vfa) mixture with an identical concentration of vfas as that found in an effective lsm reduced germination in an ac ... | 2005 | 18943833 |
| biological approaches for control of root pathogens of strawberry. | abstract soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. in california, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as pythium, rhizoctonia, or cylindrocarpon spp. in addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and ... | 2002 | 18943893 |
| multiplex real-time quantitative pcr to detect and quantify verticillium dahliae colonization in potato lines that differ in response to verticillium wilt. | abstract potato early dying (ped), also known as verticillium wilt, caused by verticillium dahliae, is a seasonal yield-limiting disease of potato worldwide, and ped-resistant cultivars currently represent only a small percentage of potato production. in this study, we developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr) approach to detect and quantify v. dahliae. the efficiency of the designed primer pair vertbt-f/vertbt-r, derived from the sequence of the beta-tubulin gene, was ... | 2007 | 18943936 |
| ammonia and nitrous acid from nitrogenous amendments kill the microsclerotia of verticillium dahliae. | abstract this study examined the mechanisms by which nitrogenous amendments such as meat and bone meal kill the soilborne plant pathogen verticillium dahliae. the effect of nitrogen products from the amendments on the survival of microsclerotia of v. dahliae was examined by solution bioassay and soil microcosm experiments. ammonia and nitrous acid but not their ionized counterparts, ammonium and nitrite, were toxic to microsclerotia in bioassays. in microcosms, addition of meat and bone meal (2. ... | 2002 | 18943996 |
| rootstock effects on pistachio trees grown in verticillium dahliae-infested soil. | abstract in a field trial in soil infested with verticillium dahliae, we compared the yield, growth, incidence of symptoms of verticillium wilt, and mortality of two interspecific hybrid pistachio tree rootstocks (ucbi and pgii) with the standard rootstocks: the v. dahliae-resistant and susceptible pistacia integerrima and p. atlantica, respectively. after 10 years, the trees were destructively sampled for v. dahliae in the xylem at the graft union. the results indicate that trees on the (p. atl ... | 2004 | 18944115 |
| molecular variability within and among verticillium dahliae vegetative compatibility groups determined by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction markers. | abstract a degree of genetic diversity may exist among verticillium dahliae isolates within vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs) that bears phytopathological significance and is worth investigating using molecular tools of a higher resolution than vcg characterization. the molecular variability within and among v. dahliae vcgs was studied using 53 artichoke isolates from eastern-central spain, 96 isolates from cotton, 7 from cotton soil, and 45 from olive trees in countries of the mediterranea ... | 2006 | 18944308 |
| isolates of verticillium dahliae pathogenic to crucifers are of at least three distinct molecular types. | abstract diverse isolates of the soilborne wilt fungi verticillium dahliae and v. albo-atrum were studied to understand the nature and origins of those infecting cruciferous hosts. all isolates from cruciferous crops produced microsclerotia, and the majority produced long conidia with a high nuclear dna content; these isolates were divided into two groups by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis. one group could be subdivided by other criteria such as rrna sequences and mitochon ... | 2003 | 18944348 |
| genetic and virulence diversity in verticillium dahliae populations infecting artichoke in eastern-central spain. | abstract severe verticillium dahliae attacks have occurred in artichoke crops in the comunidad valenciana region of eastern-central spain since the late 1990s. knowledge of genetic and virulence diversity in the pathogen population is a key factor for the management of the disease through disease risk assessment as well as development and use of resistant cultivars. v. dahliae isolates from artichoke (109 isolates) and cotton (three isolates) in that region were characterized by vegetative compa ... | 2006 | 18944444 |
| effects of irrigation and verticillium dahliae on cauliflower root and shoot growth dynamics. | abstract cauliflower root and plant growth and verticillium wilt development were evaluated under different moisture regimes in the presence or absence of v. dahliae. treatments included two main plots (v. dahliae-infested and fumigated), two subplots (furrow and subsurface drip irrigation), and three sub-subplots (deficit, moderate, and excessive regimes) that were arranged in a split-split-plot design in the field. soil cores with roots were periodically sampled at 5 and 25 cm distance from pl ... | 2000 | 18944525 |
| influences of cropping practices on verticillium dahliae populations in commercial processing tomato fields in ontario. | abstract the abundance of verticillium dahliae in the soil and the incidence of v. dahliae-infected plants were determined for 12 commercial processing tomato fields in kent county, ontario. comparison of the data with those from a previous survey of fields in adjacent essex county showed that soil inoculum levels and incidence of infection were generally lower in kent county fields and that race 2 v. dahliae was not common in kent county. from the two counties, 128 isolates were characterized b ... | 2000 | 18944527 |
| vegetative compatibility groups of verticillium dahliae in israel: their distribution and association with pathogenicity. | a collection of 565 isolates of verticillium dahliae, recovered between 1992 and 1997 from 13 host plant species and soil at 47 sites in israel, was tested for vegetative compatibility using nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants. three vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs) were found and identified as vcg2a (28 isolates), vcg2b (158 isolates), and vcg4b (378 isolates) by using international reference strains. one isolate was heterokaryon self-incompatible. of the vcg2b isolates, 92% were recovered ... | 2000 | 18944560 |
| control of soilborne plant pathogens by incorporating fresh organic amendments followed by tarping. | abstract a new method for the control of soilborne plant pathogens was tested for its efficacy in two field experiments during two years. plots were amended with fresh broccoli or grass (3.4 to 4.0 kg fresh weight m(-2)) or left nonamended, and covered with an airtight plastic cover (0.135 mm thick) or left noncovered. in plots amended with broccoli or grass and covered with plastic sheeting, anaerobic and strongly reducing soil conditions developed quickly, as indicated by rapid depletion of ox ... | 2000 | 18944617 |
| mechanism of broccoli-mediated verticillium wilt reduction in cauliflower. | abstract broccoli is resistant to verticillium dahliae infection and does not express wilt symptoms. incorporation of broccoli residues reduces soil populations of v. dahliae. the effects of broccoli residue were tested on the colonization of roots by v. dahliae, plant growth response, and disease incidence of both broccoli and cauliflower in soils with different levels of v. dahliae inoculum and with or without fresh broccoli residue amendments. the three soils included a low-verticillium soil, ... | 2000 | 18944624 |
| host range specificity in verticillium dahliae. | abstract verticillium dahliae isolates from artichoke, bell pepper, cabbage, cauliflower, chili pepper, cotton, eggplant, lettuce, mint, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon and v. albo-atrum from alfalfa were evaluated for their pathogenicity on all 14 hosts. one-month-old seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of about 10(7) conidia per ml using a root-dip technique and incubated in the greenhouse. disease incidence and severity, plant height, and root and shoot dry weights we ... | 1999 | 18944648 |
| response of six potato cultivars to amount of applied water and verticillium dahliae. | abstract six potato cultivars were grown with or without the addition of verticillium dahliae inoculum and were watered at 50, 75, or 100% estimated consumptive use. the applied water x cultivar interaction was significant (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001 for 1996 and 1997, respectively) for the relative area under the senescence progress curve (rauspc). with a decrease in water, there was an increase in rauspc. a significant interaction of inoculum density x cultivar also was found, based on rauspc (p ... | 1999 | 18944706 |
| effects of crop rotation and irrigation on verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in soil and wilt in cauliflower. | abstract experiments were conducted in field plots to evaluate the effects of broccoli residue on population dynamics of verticillium dahliae in soil and on verticillium wilt development on cauliflower under furrow and subsurface-drip irrigation and three irrigation regimes in 1994 and 1995. treatments were a factorial combination of three main plots (broccoli crop grown, harvested, and residue incorporated in v.dahliae-infested plots; no broccoli crop or residue in infested plots; and fumigated ... | 1998 | 18944816 |
| relationships between verticillium dahliae inoculum density and wilt incidence, severity, and growth of cauliflower. | abstract microplot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculum density on verticillium wilt and cauliflower growth. soil containing verticillium dahliae microsclerotia was mixed with various proportions of fumigated soil to establish different inoculum densities (fumigated soil was used as the noninfested control). seven inoculum density treatments replicated four times were established, and the treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. soil was ... | 1998 | 18944824 |
| fungal sensitivity to and enzymatic degradation of the phytoanticipin alpha-tomatine. | abstract alpha-tomatine, synthesized by lycopersicon and some solanum species, is toxic to a broad range of fungi, presumably because it binds to 3beta-hydroxy sterols in fungal membranes. several fungal pathogens of tomato have previously been shown to be tolerant of this glycoalkaloid and to possess enzymes thought to be involved in its detoxification. in the current study, 23 fungal strains were examined for their ability to degrade alpha-tomatine and for their sensitivity to this compound an ... | 1998 | 18944982 |
| biological control of sclerotium rolfsii and verticillium dahliae by talaromyces flavus is mediated by different mechanisms. | abstract ten wild-type strains and two benomyl-resistant mutants of talaromyces flavus were examined for their ability to secrete the cell wall-degrading enzymes chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and cellulase, to parasitize sclerotia of sclerotium rolfsii, to reduce bean stem rot caused by s. rolfsii, and to secrete antifungal substance(s) active against verticillium dahliae. the benomyl-resistant mutant ben(r)tf1-r6 overproduced extracellular enzymes and exhibited enhanced antagonistic activity a ... | 1997 | 18945040 |
| improved medium for selecting nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of verticillium dahliae. | abstract nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants are commonly used to determine vegetative compatibility between isolates of verticillium dahliae by complementation (heterokaryon) testing. these mutants emerge spontaneously as chlorate-resistant sectors growing out of partially restricted, wild-type colonies on chlorate-amended media. the commonly used chlorate media are based on minimal medium (mmc) or cornmeal agar (cmc), amended with potassium chlorate. nit mutants recovered on these media constit ... | 1997 | 18945042 |
| synergism of pratylenchus penetrans and verticillium dahliae manifested by reduced gas exchange in potato. | abstract the effects of solitary and concurrent infection by pratylenchus pene-trans and verticillium dahliae on gas exchange of russet burbank potato (solanum tuberosum) were studied in growth chamber experiments. treatments were p. penetrans at low, medium, and high density; v. dahliae alone at one initial density; the combination of the nematode at these three densities and v. dahliae; and a noninfested control. gas exchange parameters of leaf cohorts of different ages in the different treatm ... | 1997 | 18945123 |
| disease progress based on effects of verticillium dahliae and pratylenchus penetrans on gas exchange in russet burbank potato. | abstract the interactive effects of concomitant infection by the nematode pratylenchus penetrans and the fungus verticillium dahliae on symptom expression in russet burbank potato was studied in growth chamber experiments. treatments were p. penetrans at three initial densities, v. dahliae at one inoculum density, the combination of the nematode at these three densities and the fungus, and a noninfested control. gas exchange was measured nondestructively in leaf cohorts of different ages, one to ... | 1997 | 18945124 |
| spatial patterns of microsclerotia of verticillium dahliae in soil and verticillium wilt of cauliflower. | abstract the spatial patterns of microsclerotia of verticillium dahliae in soil and wilt symptoms on cauliflower were determined at three sites in each of two fields in 1994 and 1995. each site was an 8 x 8 grid divided into 64 contiguous quadrats (2 by 2 m each). soil samples were collected to a depth of 15 cm with a probe (2.5 cm in diameter), and samples from four sites in each quadrat were bulked. plants in each quadrat were cut transversely, and the number of plants with vascular discolorat ... | 1997 | 18945176 |
| microsclerotia development in verticillium dahliae: regulation and differential expression of the hydrophobin gene vdh1. | the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae produces persistent resting structures, known as microsclerotia, which are important for this plant pathogen's long-term survival. previously, we identified a hydrophobin gene (vdh1) that is necessary for microsclerotial production. the current study of vdh1's expression, and its regulation, was undertaken to provide insight into the largely uncharacterized molecular mechanisms relevant to microsclerotial development. reporter gene analysis showed th ... | 2008 | 18951989 |
| plant-endophyte interplay protects tomato against a virulent verticillium. | endophytes, bacterial, fungal or viral, colonize plants often without causing visible symptoms. more important, they may benefit host plants in many ways, most notably by preventing diseases caused by normally virulent pathogens. craigella tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) can be infected with verticillium dahliae kleb., either race 1 (vd1) or a non-host isolate dvd-e6 resulting in susceptibility or tolerance, respectively. the present study sought to determine whether dvd-e6 is endophyti ... | 2009 | 18979117 |
| molecular cloning, expression profiling and functional analyses of a cdna encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase from gossypium barbadense. | gossypol, a type of plant defence sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, is synthesized from the mep (2c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate) and mva (mevalonate) pathway in the isoprenoid biosynthetic system. the key step is the isomerization of ipp (isopentenyl diphosphate) to dmapp (dimethylallyl diphosphate), which is catalysed by ipi (ipp isomerase; ec 5.3.3.2). a full-length cdna encoding ipi (designated gbipi) was cloned from gossypium barbadense by race (rapid amplification of cdna ends). the full-len ... | 2009 | 19055484 |
| investigation of the effect of heating, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and thermophilic fungus on cotton wilt disease. | in this study, combinations of spores of a thermophilic fungus (talaromyces flavus), vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (vam) and microsclerotia of verticillium dahliae under various temperature treatment (31-38 degrees c) in triplicate trial, were investigated and results were compared with those of non-treated controls. five cotton seeds were planted in each pot containing 3 kg of pasteurized soil. in each pot, combinations of 4x10(3) vam spores, 2.5x10(9) spores of thermophilic fungus (t. flavus ... | 2007 | 19086504 |
| study on the role of common weeds in survival of verticillium dahliae the causal agent of cotton wilt disease. | this study was carried out to investigate the roles of common weeds in the survival of verticillium dahliae and the incidence of cotton wilt disease in moghan and neishabour area of iran during 2003-2005 cropping seasons. the design of the experiment was randomized complete blocks (rcb) with ten treatments (no. of weeds) and four replications (no. of cotton fields). populations of v. dahliae in the roots of weeds and their surrounding soil was determined every year and were compared in different ... | 2007 | 19090252 |
| cortical microtubule as a sensor and target of nitric oxide signal during the defence responses to verticillium dahliae toxins in arabidopsis. | the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction of plants in response to verticillium dahliae (vd) are not known. here, we show that arabidopsis reacts to vd-toxins with a rapid burst of nitric oxide (no) and cortical microtubule destabilization. vd-toxins treatment triggered a disruption of cortical microtubules network. this disruption can be influenced by no production. however, cortical microtubule disruptions were not involved in regulating the no production. the results indicated that no m ... | 2009 | 19183295 |
| nonlinear colony extension of sclerotinia minor and s. sclerotiorum. | fungal colonies initially extend exponentially and reach a constant linear extension rate determined solely by their growth in the peripheral zone. however the radial extension rates of sclerotinia sclerotiorum and s. minor accelerate over time on pda. experiments were conducted to analyze the variable extension rates of the two sclerotinia species and compare them with those of verticillium dahliae and cladosporium sp. in addition, the effects of starter disk size, disk position in the parent c ... | 2008 | 19202844 |
| detection of high concentrations of organic acids in fish emulsion and their role in pathogen or disease suppression. | fish emulsion (fe) added to a sandy-loam soil at 1 and 2% rates reduced the viability of verticillium dahliae microsclerotia by 39 and 74% in 1 day, 87 and 98% in 3 days, and 95 and 99% in 6 days, respectively. the immediate kill of microsclerotia indicated that fe contains toxic substances. we found in fe high concentrations (400 mmol/liter) of organic acids, including some known toxicants. glycolic, acetic, formic, n-butyric, and propionic acids were the major organic acids detected in fe at t ... | 2009 | 19203280 |