Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis a by a modified competitive binding radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus. | a competitive binding radioimmunoassay (cba) for antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) was evaluated and compared with a standard solid-phase radioimmunoassay for anti-hav, cba was found to be sensitive and specific for the detection of anti-hav, as demonstrated by the 98% concordance of cba and solid-phase radioimmunoassay test results. the standard cba test was modified for the differential detection of acute (immunoglobulin m) and convalescent (immunoglobulin g) anti-hav by incorporation of a s ... | 1979 | 219016 |
| [the incidence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus in people from vienna and certain austrian provinces (author's transl)]. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus was measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in sera of 651 persons from vienna, lower austria, upper austria, carinthia and burgenland. on subdivision of the subjects according to age groups, a curve resulted which showed a steep rise in persons between 20 and 40 years. in the age groups over 40 more than 80% of the test-persons possessed the specific antibody. in all age groups the population of vienna showed a higher incidence of hepatitis a a ... | 1979 | 219630 |
| serologic studies of transmission of hepatitis a in humans. | in 1968, studies of infectious hepatitis in volunteers were reported. immunologic procedures for serologic study of the hepatitis a virus were not available at that time, and only the clinical and biochemical parameters of the disease were reported. serial serum specimens from the participants in the study were retained; these specimens had been taken before inoculation and up to more than 100 days after inoculation. when a radioimmune assay for antibody to hepatitis a virus was developed, the s ... | 1979 | 220330 |
| simultaneous acute infections with hepatitis a and hepatitis b viruses in a chimpanzee. | the unexpected occurrence of a hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in a chimpanzee experimentally inoculated with hepatitis a virus (hav) provided an opportunity to examine the course of simultaneous acute infections with both agents. a chimpanzee inoculated intravenously with hav developed elevated levels of aminotransferases in serum, detectable excretion of hepatitis a antigen in feces, and a marked antibody response to hav. during the acute phase of this experimentally induced infection with h ... | 1979 | 221596 |
| electron and immunoelectron microscopic study on liver tissues of marmosets infected with hepatitis a virus. | electron and immunoelectron microscopic studies were carried out on liver tissues from three marmosets, experimentally infected with hepatitis a virus and sacrificed during the acute phase of illness. ultrastructurally, the liver cells demonstrated marked cisternal dilation of endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular transformation and contortion of endoplasmic reticulum profiles. clusters of virus-like particles of 24 to 27 nm. in diameter, both "solid" and "empty" forms, were found in membrane-boun ... | 1979 | 221741 |
| [hepatitis a of children. seroepidemiological study among french urban population (author's transl)]. | a prevalence survey of hepatitis a antibody (anti-hav) was conducted among 145 children living in the area of tours (france). thirty-four per cent of children's sera was found anti-hav positive when tested by both immune adherence hemagglutination assay (iaha) and specific radio-immunoassay (ria). the prevalence of anti-hav among infants less than one year and children between 1 to 5 years, was 35 per cent and 15 per cent respectively. from 6 years old, the prevalence of anti-hav increased abrup ... | 1979 | 221882 |
| immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis a virus determination reorienting gradient centrifugation for diagnosis of acute hepatitis a. | the persistence of antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-hav) of the immunoglobulin m (igm) class was evaluated in 88 sera of 51 acute hepatitis a patients. igm was separated from igg by a 2-h reorienting sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, and the titer of anti-hav was determined in the igg- and igm-containing fractions by solid-hase radioimmunoassay. igm anti-hav was the predominating antibody at onset of jaundice and persisted in these patients for at least 60 days, but not longer than 115 ... | 1979 | 222804 |
| demonstration of specific antibodies to a coxsackie-like virus in patients of a hepatitis outbreak. | lynchburg fecal virus (lfv), originally isolated from the stool of an infectious hepatitis patient, was passaged 15 times in wi-38 cells and partially characterized. its properties are as follows: rna virus; 27 nm in diameter, picornavirus-like morphology; inactivated at 56 c for 60 minutes; resistant to treatment with hydrochloric acid (ph 3.0), chloroform (33%), and diethyl ether (20%). neutralization studies indicated that lfv is antigenically related to coxsackievirus a-24 but not to prototy ... | 1979 | 223437 |
| immunofluorescence studies for hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b surface and core antigen in liver biopsies from patients with acute viral hepatitis. | immunofluorescence studies for hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b surface and core antigen were performed on liver biopsies from 48 patients with acute viral hepatitis. hepatitis a virus was detected in 11 out of 17 patients with type a hepatitis and was not found in patients with type b or non-a non-b hepatitis. hepatitis b surface and core antigens were detected in 2, hepatitis b core antigen alone in 1, and hepatitis b surface antigen alone in 4 out of 24 patients with type b hepatitis. neithe ... | 1979 | 223938 |
| [demonstration of hepatitis a virus in the feces]. | on the basis of own examinations methodology and results of the demonstration of the virus a in the stools and of the proof of antibodies in the serum are described. the parameters of the virus-a-hepatitis which are important for practice are further the basis for diagnosis, therapy and surrounding prophylaxis in routine work. they were compiled in a table. | 1979 | 224605 |
| [experience in examining infectious hepatitis patients by using a viral detection method]. | immune electron microscopy was shown to be an acceptable diagnostic method which allowed to detect hepatitis a virus particles in the stools of patients with infectious hepatitis even at the late stages of the disease. the examination of stools from 225 children (aged 2--17 years) hospitalized with diagnosed infectious hepatitis during the period of a seasonal rise in morbidity rate yielded positive findings at an average rate of 10.5%. this rate also depended on the severity of the disease and ... | 1979 | 224627 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a and hepatitis b viruses in selected populations of the south pacific. | five island populations representing the three major cultural groups of the south pacific--polynesia, micronesia, melanesia--were studied for prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) and of antibody to the core antigen of hepatitis b virus (anti-hbc). sera were collected in the late 1950s and early 1960s, selected where possible for appropriate age and sex distributions, and were tested by radioimmunoassay. rather marked differences in prevalence were observed. anti-hbc patterns co ... | 1979 | 224696 |
| a seroepidemiologic study of infection with hav and hbv in five pacific islands. | a batch of 1025 serum samples, obtained from healthy subjects and hospital patients from five pacific islands (viti levu, funafuti, niue, rarotonga and upolu) were tested for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen (anti-hbs) by solid phase radioimmunoassay (spria). high frequencies of anti-hav were observed in each population (funafuti, 79.9%; upolu, 81.6%; viti levu, 84.3%; rarotonga, 95.0%; and niue, 95.2%), and ... | 1979 | 224697 |
| a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus. | the conditions for a sensitive and specific solid-phase radioimmunoassay (ria) for the detection of igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) were optimized, and the ria was used to assay sera from patients with hepatitis. igm antibodies to hav reached highest concentrations between one and three weeks after onset of icterus and were measurable in follow-up sera for at least 12 months after infection. to prove the specificity, the igg antibodies were separated from patient sera by sucrose densit ... | 1979 | 225390 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus in sri lanka. | antibody to hepatitis a virus was studied by immune adherence hemagglutination using 287 serum specimens collected in 1975 by random sampling from healthy individuals living in colomobo, sri lanka. the overall prevalence of antibody to the virus was 76.9% and the prevalence between males and females was approximately the same. the age-specific prevalence of the antibody indicated that hepatitis a in the area is mainly an infection during the early childhood. | 1979 | 227349 |
| [do antigenic variants of the hepatitis a virus exist?]. | 1979 | 228499 | |
| studies of donors who transmit posttransfusion hepatitis. | sera and questionnaires were evaluated retrospectively from 128 volunteer blood donors whose blood had been implicated in cases of clinically recognized post-transfusion hepatitis in recipients of one- or two-unit blood transfusion between 1971 and 1977. serologic markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were found in 23 percent, compared to 9.7 percent of 3,230 prospective blood donors. the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus was similar among implicated donors (44%), prospective do ... | 1979 | 230620 |
| hepatitis a and indian childhood cirrhosis. | antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was found in 50% of patients with indian childhood cirrhosis; this was not significantly different from the prevalence of anti-hav in age- and sex-matched controls. | 1979 | 230789 |
| fulminant hepatitis a. | during a small epidemic of infectious hepatitis, a fulminant infection with fatal outcome occurred in a 54-year-old woman. igm antibody to hepatitis a virus was demonstrated in the serum and large amounts of hepatitis a virus were found in the liver. it is suggested that the pathogenesis may be different for fulminant hepatitis a and b infection. | 1979 | 231300 |
| hepatitis a antibodies in finland. | serum specimens from 191 finnish adults were tested for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav). the frequency of anti-hav increased from 8% in the age group of 20-29 years to 92% in those older than 60 years. the level of 50% was reached between 40 and 50 years. | 1979 | 231302 |
| the pathobiology of hepatitis a virus. | 1979 | 231580 | |
| [observations on the behaviour of anti-hav antibodies (author's transl)]. | the behaviour of anti-hav antibodies was studied in the following conditions: a) a sample group of 2645 subjects from a healthy population; b) a group of 32 subjects with previous hb-ag negative viral hepatitis; c) 12 cases of acute virus a hepatitis; d) a group of 18 anti-hav positive women at the end of their pregnancies the antibodies were thus also studied in the funicular blood and in the newborn babies. the results showed: a) high reactivity (78%) of the healthy population to anti-hav's; b ... | 1978 | 231796 |
| hepatitis a virus: identification, characterization, and epidemiologic investigations. | 1979 | 232281 | |
| detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to hepatitis a virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to hepatitis a virus is described. the test uses the principle of binding of igm antibodies to anti-igm-coated microtiter plates to determine whether the igm antibodies attached have specificities for hepatitis a virus. in three patients with hepatitis type a followed up to 12 months, igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus could be demonstrated from the onset of illness and during the following 2 to 3 months ... | 1979 | 232504 |
| studies on antibody to hepatitis a virus in children and adults in london. | 366 specimens of serum from children and adults without liver disease were screened for antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) by means of radioimmunoassay. 56% were born in london, 26% came to london from various parts of the united kingdom and the remainder (18%) from various parts of the world. the prevalence of antibody was related to increasing age, ranging from 7% in children under ten years of age to 77% in adults aged 50 years or more. the prevalence of anti-hav was significantly highe ... | 1979 | 232696 |
| propagation of human hepatitis a virus in a hepatoma cell line. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was isolated directly from human feces and propagated serially in an hbsag producing human hepatoma cell line. no cytopathic effect was observed in the tissue culture and no detectable amounts of hav were present in the tissue culture supernatant fluid. however, increasing amounts of hepatitis a antigen (haag) were detected by radioimmunoassay in the cell extracts obtained by freezing and thawing of cells. specificity of the haag determination was shown by neutralization ... | 1979 | 232698 |
| [observations on the diffusion of hepatitis a and b virus during an epidemic in a sicilian town with a high rate of infection]. | epidemiological investigations were carried out during a viral hepatitis outbreak occurring in a sicilian town of 30,000 inhabitants with poor sanitary standards, with the aim to study the mode of spread of hav and hbv in conditions of high incidence of infections. hbsag, anti hbs, anti hav (ria), hbeag, anti hbe and anti hbc were investigated in serum samples from patients, their family contacts and from healthy individuals of different age groups. morbidity was inferred from case notifications ... | 1979 | 233297 |
| [markers of hepatitis virus a and b infection in subjects undergoing a hiring examination in a large business]. | the prevalence of some hepatitis-a and hepatitis-b markers has been studied in 495 individuals (male 291, female 204) attending a preemployment medical examination at a great factory in northern italy between november 1978 and april 1979. a 2.0% and 13.7% incidence has been respectively found for hbsag and anti-hbs in the whole population. a statistically significative difference has been recognized between people coming from southern and northern italy, as well as between first-employment subje ... | 1979 | 233364 |
| isolation of myxoviruses from dead birds arriving at heathrow airport, london. | forty-four haemagglutinating viruses were isolated from the pooled tracheal/cloacal swabs of the dead birds from 170 consignments of caged birds arriving at heathrow airport over a period of 6 months. two isolates were identified as newcastle disease virus but the remaining 42 were all identified as influenza viruses with hav 7 neq 2 antigens. all the consignments from which influenza viruses were isolated originated in india but had widespread destinations. the ndv isolates were from birds orig ... | 1977 | 269200 |
| [seroepidemiology of acute infectious hepatitis (author's transl)]. | hbs-ag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc and anti-ha were determined and the concentration of igm measured in the sera of cases of acute infectious hepatitis which occurred in the hannover area in 1975. although there was a high degree of contamination with hepatitis a virus among the population, acute infectious hepatitis a was rare (n = 56). the hepatitis a virus is principally transmitted by contact with infection or while traveling in southern europe. the greatest part of infectious hepatitis is due to he ... | 1978 | 306523 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a investigated by immune electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | in a small outbreak of hepatitis a among members of a hospital staff, excretion of hepatitis a virus could be detected by immune electron microscopy (iem) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 3 out of 3 cases tested. significant increases in antibody titre could be shown in 4 out of 6 cases (iem), and development of virus specific igm was shown in all 6 cases (elisa). among these patients igm could be detected after 3 months, while sera drawn after 10 months were negative. | 1979 | 368968 |
| solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of hepatitis a-specific immunoglobulin m. | a solid-phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin m antibody to hepatitis a virus. the system was capable of detecting hepatitis a-specific immunoglobulin m in a single dilution of serum and appears to be a reliable and rapid means of establishing a diagnosis of hepatitis a infection. specific immunoglobulin m was only detected in patients with serologically confirmed hepatitis a and not in patients with other forms of hepatitis, chronic liver dise ... | 1979 | 379036 |
| serologic and animal inoculation studies of a communal outbreak of viral hepatitis, type a. | sera from individuals in an outbreak of viral hepatitis in a multifamily household, probably spread by contaminated food, were studied for antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), and selected acute phase sera were inoculated into marmosets. significant rises in anti-hav titers between acute and convalescent sera occurred in all of 15 individuals in the outbreak who experienced serum enzyme elevations and in one of 14 individuals whose serum enzyme levels remained normal. the remaining 13 ind ... | 1977 | 416712 |
| seroepidemiology of infection with hepatitis a and b viruses in an isolated pacific population. | to determine the prevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus in an isolated population, samples of serum were collected from 574 healthy subjects living on the remote pacific island of funafuti. each specimen was tested for antibody to hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. overall, 79.8% of the population showed evidence of previous infection with hepatitis a virus, and 72.5% with hepa ... | 1979 | 438552 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis among participants in a plasmapheresis stimulation program. | non-a, non-b hepatitis was transmitted to seven of nine participants in a red blood cell-stimulation program following transfusion of blood from one asymptomatic donor. five of the seven patients had clinical as well as biochemical evidence of infection, and three of these five were icteric. incubation periods for the clinical cases ranged from 28 to 50 days, and duration of illness was from two to eight weeks. none of the seven patients showed serologic evidence of acute infection or reinfectio ... | 1979 | 448190 |
| antibody against hepatitis a in seven european countries. i. comparison of prevalence data in different age groups. | using a solid phase radioimmunoassay, antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was determined in 3890 sera from populations in seven european countries. prevalence of anti-hav was lowest in scandinavian countries and highest in greece and france. antibodies were found in 77 (13%) of 602 blood donors in sweden, in 29 (17%) of 175 blood donors and women taking birth control pills in norway, in 273 (39%) of 700 blood donors in switzerland, in 262 (52%) of 505 blood donors in holland, in 365 (55%) o ... | 1979 | 463865 |
| characterisation of influenza viruses isolated from turkeys in great britain during 1963--1977. | seven influenza viruses isolated from turkeys in great britain since 1963 were typed by haemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition tests as: a/turkey/england/63 (hav 1 nav 3), a/turkey/england/66 (hav 6 n2), a/turkey/england/69 (hav 7 n2), a/turkey/scotland/70 (hav ? neq 1), a/turkey/england/n28/73 (hav 5 n2), a/turkey/england/110/77 (hav 6 n2), a/turkey/england/647/77 /hav 1 neq 1). a/turkey/scotland/70 failed to show a haemagglutinin relationship with any of the representative s ... | 1979 | 472486 |
| etiology of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-negative chronic hepatitis. | a study was undertaken to elucidate the etiology of hbsag-negative chronic hepatitis. form 37 individuals with hbsag-negative chronic hepatitis, 11 had liver membrane autoantibody (lma) and were thus classified as autoimmune. 6 patients had anti-hbc, 1 of which was also positive for lma. the majority of individuals with hbsag-negative chronic hepatitis had antibodies to hepatitis a antigen (anti-hav), in general at low titer. we conclude from our data that hepatitis a and hepatitis b virus infec ... | 1979 | 478201 |
| foodborne outbreak of hepatitis a: clinical and laboratory features of acute and protracted illness. | during a 1974 foodborne outbreak of viral hepatitis type a among navy recruits, we evaluated clinical and laboratory features prospectively in 130 affected persons. the ratio of anicteric to icteric persons identified during the outbreak was 1:3.5 but illness was relatively mild in this population of young adults. infrequently reported in association with type a hepatitis, rash and arthralgias (but not arthritis) were reported by 14 and 10% of affected persons, respectively. fourteen weeks after ... | 1979 | 517565 |
| guidelines for the care of patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis. | for years patients hospitalized with viral hepatitis have been placed in two categories of isolation--enteric precautions and blood precautions. this strategy was based on the inability to differentiate between hepatitis a and b and on the assumption that feces and blood from patients with either type might be infective. it is now known that patients with hepatitis a do not pose a problem of disease transmission through direct contact with blood, and although blood of patients with hepatitis b m ... | 1979 | 517890 |
| [antibodies against hepatitis a virus antigens in the population of belgrade]. | 1979 | 531668 | |
| [distribution of anti-hav in a population sample from puglia]. | to investigate the prevalence and distribution of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), we tested by solid phase radioimmunoassay method 461 sera of selected people of bari, according to age. in addiction, sera from cord blood of 11 newborns and their mothers at delivery were also investigated for anti-hav. taken together 64.4 per cent of subjects tested were found to be anti-hav positive. the rate of antibody detection was strongly correlated with age. the prevalence were 4.5 per cent from ... | 1979 | 553531 |
| the diagnosis and management of acute viral hepatitis. | while there is a declining incidence of many infectious diseases, viral hepatitis persists as a major problem. in fact, there would appear to be an increasing incidence of hepatitis b paralleling the rising problem of drug addiction. the discovery of australia antigen, now called hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), represented a major breakthrough in our understanding of viral hepatitis. more recently, serological tests have become available for hepatitis a virus (hav) which will further facili ... | 1977 | 603455 |
| serological and virological investigations fo orthomyxovirus in birds in south-east asian area. | we have previously reported that some species of migrating ducks (pintail, mallard, widgeon and falcated teal) possess in their sera antibodies against h antigens of human or avian influenza viruses. such findings have also been reported from other workers, and the appearance of new types of influenza viruses accompanied by outbreaks of new influenza pandemics, or circulation of influenza virus antigens in animals, birds and humans have been discussed on the basis of such findings. recently a nu ... | 1977 | 604133 |
| viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis may be classified into three or more forms including type a hepatitis, type b hepatitis, and a group denoted as non-a non-b hepatitis which may represent viral hepatitis of one or more causes. the differentiation of these forms of hepatitis is primarily serologic. the development of antibody to hepatitis a virus can be detected by radioimmunoassay as well as by other test systems. the serologic diagnosis of type b hepatitis rests on the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen or ... | 1978 | 629050 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a and b infections in multiply transfused thalassaemic patients. | evidence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections was south in 148 multiply transfused patients with thalassaemia and in healthy controls (2040 for hbv and 217 for hav). the prevalence of the hbv surface antigen or antibody to it was significantly higher in patients than in controls and increased with the number of blood transfusions. in contrast, the prevalence of antibody to hav was significantly lower in patients than in controls and decreased with the number of blood ... | 1978 | 630296 |
| the pathogenicity of four avian influenza viruses for fowls, turkeys and ducks. | groups of 10 two-week-old chicks, turkey poults and ducklings were each infected by the intranasal route with one of four avian influenza viruses: a/fowl/germany/34 (hav 1n))--rostock, a/fpv/dutch/27 (hav 1 neq 1)--dutch, a/fowl/victoria/75 (hav 1 neq 1)--australian, and a/parrot/ulster/73 (hav 1 n1)--ulster. eight hours after infection 10 birds of the same age and species were placed in contact with each group and allowed to mix. the clinical signs of disease and onset of sickness and death wer ... | 1978 | 653122 |
| serologic evidence of hepatitis a and b virus infections in thalassemia patients: a retrospective study. | to determine the current risk of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in multiply transfused thalassemia patients, we tested sera from such patients in new york city for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and its antibody (anti-hbs) using radioimmunoassay techniques. altogether 48 per cent of the patients had either hbsag (4.5%) or anti-hbs (43.9%) positive sera. the prevalence of these hbv markers was related to both the number of units transfused and the year blood transfusion therapy was be ... | 1978 | 664004 |
| isolation and serological characterization of influenza a viruses from birds that were dead on arrival at tokyo airport. | twenty-two strains of influenza a virus isolated from caged birds which had been imported into japan from india and thailand and had died druing transportation to tokyo. serological tests divided these strains into two groups. viruses in the first group contained hav7 hemagglutinin and were related antigenically to a/duck/ukraine/1/63 [hav7 neq2]; viruses in the second group contained hav4 hemagglutining and were related to a/duck/czech/56 [hav 4 nav 1]. all strains contained neq2 neuraminidase ... | 1978 | 678120 |
| [viral hepatitis]. | viral hepatitis is one of the most frequent infectious diseases of our time. it is of great concern to the epidemiological risk groups such as research laboratories, dialysis units and other public health agencies. the result of epidemiological, immunological, morphological and biochemical studies have demonstrated, that this disease is caused by at least two different viruses. the hepatitis a virus (hav) induces the type a hepatitis and the hepatitis b virus (hbv) the type b hepatitis. two anti ... | 1978 | 697524 |
| [epidemiology, clinical data and immune response of an epidemic of hepatitis a (author's transl)]. | almost all members of an affected family (46 persons) were followed up for a year after contracting hepatitis a during an epidemic in a rural area. sixteen children, one juvenile and a 42-year-old woman had been infected. a mild subclinical course was present in about a third. all but one person in the studied population who were over 25 years had antibody titres from an earlier hepatitis a infection. as result, those who fell ill were almost exclusively children and juveniles with an average ag ... | 1978 | 710304 |
| a preliminary serologic study of hepatitis a virus infection in japan. | ninety-eight acute non-b hepatitis cases recently observed in japan and household contacts with these cases were subjected to serologic examinations for hepatitis a; 400 serum specimens obtained in 1971 from healthy individuals living in areas near tokyo and 16 preparations of human immunoglobulin produced in japan in 1975 and 1976 were examined for antibody to hepatitis a antigen. hepatitis a virus infection was confirmed in all 25 patients and in 8 of 26 household contacts found in association ... | 1978 | 713160 |
| viral hepatitis: lack of transmission in an athenian school. | in the 1975-76 school year, 3 cases of icteric hepatitis occurred almost simultaneously in 2 grades of an athenian school. an initial survey of the 2 classes approximately one week later found that 88 of 94 children were susceptible to type a hepatitis. no further clinical cases occurred. a second survey at the end of the school year revealed only 2 subclinical hepatitis a virus infections: one coincident with the overt cases in november, and a second from extramural exposure in february. two ca ... | 1978 | 744672 |
| purification of influenza a virus and preliminary characterization of virus proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). | influenza a/zssr/053/74 (h3n2) from egg ellantoic fluid was partially purified by absorption and elution on chick erythrocytes and chromatography on sepharose 2b. concentrated and partially purified preparation of virus containing 5000 hav and 80 micrograms of protein per ml was subjected to page in 0.1% sds. eleven protein bands were selected of which three were identified as na, np and ha. | 1978 | 749805 |
| the clinical problem of hepatitis transmission;. | although blood banks in this country have been testing every unit of blood for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) by one of the highly sensitive "third generation" methods (radioimmunoassay or reversed passive hemagglutination) since september, 1975, post-transfusion hepatitis (pth) still remains the major hazard to patients who require transfusion with blood and blood products. since there may be an interval of many months between transfusion and onset of pth and many cases are subclinical, th ... | 1976 | 799307 |
| [post-transfusion hepatitis 1973 and 1974 in the zürich region]. | more than 100 000 units of blood were tranfused during the years 1973-74 in the region of zurich. 30 cases of posttransfusion hepatitis (pth) reported in this period were investigated with regard to the origin of the tranfused blood, and 24 (71%) proved to be hepatitis b antigen (hbs-ag) positive. despite the use of a sensitive method for hbs-ag screening, transfusion of hbs-ag positive blood was found to be responsible for pth in 4 cases only. in 88% of the cases there was no proof that the pth ... | 1977 | 834982 |
| the virus particle nucleic acids and proteins of four bunyaviruses. | the structural polypeptides of five bunyaviruses, snowshoe hare, lumbo and la crosse viruses (members of the california encephalitis subgroup of bunyaviruses), bunyamwera and main drain viruses (members of the bunyamwera subgroup of bunyaviruses), have been compared by polyacrylamide-sds gel electrophoresis. each virus was found to possess three major structural polypeptides, two glycoproteins (g1 and g2), and one nucleocapsid protein (n). although the sizes of the g1 polypeptides (mol. wt. appr ... | 1977 | 839199 |
| a case report of fowl plague keratoconjunctivitis. | a case of human fowl plague keratoconjunctivitis occurred after accidental laboratory exposure. the conjunctivitis was characterised by follicle formation and a mucopurulent discharge, and ran a self-limiting course over two weeks. the keratitis was of an unusual type and consisted of small intraepithelial opacities, which appeared after one week and resolved completely over the next three weeks. the infection, confirmed by viral culture, was produced by dutch strain (hav 1 neq 1) of fowl plague ... | 1977 | 843515 |
| [hepatitis b: new aspects, practical implications. virology and epidemiology]. | although neither a nor b hepatitis virus (hav, hbv) has been grown in cell or organ cultures, both agents have been identified and characterized. the subsequent ability to diagnose hepatitis a and b has led to the recognition of a third form of viral hepatitis, "non a--non b hepatitis". it has been possible to eliminate hbv from blood used for transfusion and from blood products, and the combined results of hepatitis research have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesi ... | 1977 | 857308 |
| etiology of sporadic hepatitis b surface antigen-negative hepatitis. | we studied serologically 45 adults who had sporadic acute viral hepatitis that was hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) negative. two cases were due to hepatitis b virus, as demonstrated by the appearance of antibody to hepatitis b core antigen. in three other patients, the serologic pattern was inconclusive. of 40 non-b cases, 20 were type a hepatitis and 20 were non-a, non-b hepatitis. clinically, type a and non-a, non-b hepatitis were indistinguishable; one case of fulminant disease occurred i ... | 1977 | 879615 |
| hepatitis type a and hemodialysis: a seroepidemiologic study in 15 u.s. centers. | four hundred sixty patients and staff from 15 u.s. dialysis centers were surveyed by the immune adherence hemagglutination technique for antibody to hepatitis a antigen (anti-ha). the age-standardized anti-ha prevalence was 42.9% in patients and 42.1% in staff. these rates are almost identical to those of socioeconomically comparable urban volunteer blood donors never exposed to dialysis settings. there was no correlation between anti-ha prevalences and duration of dialysis treatment or employme ... | 1977 | 879620 |
| development of immunity against hepatitis a virus by subclinical infection. | 1976 | 995949 | |
| ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks: characterization of a new group of influenza a viruses. | ortho- and parainfluenza viruses isolated from the cloacas of migrating feral ducks shot on the mississippi flyway included three strains of influenza. a virus (hav6 nav1, hav6 nl, hav7 neq2) as well as newcastle disease virus. one influenza virus, a/duck/memphis/546/74, possessed hav3 haemagglutinin, but the neuraminidase was not inhibited by any of the known influenza reference antisera. the neuraminidase on this virus was related to the neuraminidases on a/duck/gdr/72 (h2 n?), a/turkey/ontari ... | 1976 | 1018173 |
| hepatitis a: report of a common-source outbreak with recovery of a possible etiologic agent. ii. laboratory studies. | during investigation of a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a among university students in a southwestern metropolitan community, immune electron microscopic examination of a concentrated stool suspension pooled from seven acutely ill individuals revealed viruslike particles 17-nm in diameter. these particles were initially coated by antibody contained in the convalescent-phase serum of one of the ill students as well ad by antibody in convalescent plasma of a prison volunteer originally infected ... | 1975 | 1117190 |
| a mouse hepatotropic variant of influenza virus. | a hepatotropic variant of avian influenza virus a/turkey/england 63 (hav 1, nav 3) was selected by serial passages in mouse liver. adaptation to this organ was established after 13 in vivo passages and was found to improve during further passages as shown by increasing rates of replication in livers of icr mice. the mutant virus finally selected was stable and differed from the original virus mainly in lethality upon intraperitoneal injection in mice, in its ability to grow to high titers in liv ... | 1975 | 1212099 |
| methisoprinol-effect on the replication cycle of human hepatitis a virus. | the antiviral activity of methisoprinol was investigated under different conditions using a strain of hepatitis a virus (hav), that shows a strong cytopathic effect on the frp/3 cell line 7-9 days post-infection. treatment of frp/3 at a dose range of 125-1200 micrograms/ml had no toxic effect and showed a dose dependent inhibition of the hav replication cycle. at the methisoprinol dose of 500 micrograms/ml the cytopathic effect was completely abolished and hav antigen production reduced by 50% a ... | 1992 | 1279362 |
| identification of amino acids located in the antibody binding sites of human hepatitis a virus. | antigenic mutants of human hepatitis a virus (human-hav) were isolated by their resistance to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies raised to human-hav. the nucleotide sequence determined for the capsid regions of 12 mutants identified amino acid changes that clustered in three non-overlapping sites; one in vp3 and two in vp1. all mutants had a change at amino acid residue 70 in vp3, indicating its primary importance for antibody binding. ten mutants had two amino acid changes occurring in the vp3 ... | 1992 | 1280386 |
| [properties of intracellular virus-specific ribonucleoproteins containing negative and positive hepatitis a virus rna]. | the characteristics of the intracellular virus-specific nucleocapsids containing either a negative or a positive rna strand were studied. the immunosorption of nucleocapsids by the monoclonal antibodies against the three epitopes of np protein failed to reveal any antigenic difference between the negative strand or positive strand-containing nucleocapsids. on the other hand, the sensitivity of virus-specific rna in the nucleocapsids to digestion by the pancreatic ribonuclease proved to be lower ... | 1992 | 1284352 |
| [an etiological study on fulminant viral hepatitis]. | viral markers were studied in 79 cases of viral hepatitis with hepatic failure. the results were shown as follows: 8 cases were positive for anti-hav igm (10.12%); 76 cases positive for hbsag or anti-hbc igm (96.20%) and 41 cases positive for anti-hcv antibodies (51.89%). among those with anti-hcv positive, 35 cases were co-infected with hbv, 5 cases with hav and/or hcv, only one was infected with hcv alone 2 cases were hd-ag positive (2.52%) and one not identified (1.27%). with the reference of ... | 1992 | 1284878 |
| the epidemiology and control of hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is endemic in developing countries and remains a public health problem elsewhere. a total of 7430 cases was notified in england and wales in 1991. children and young adults were most frequently affected. risk factors include travel to countries of high endemicity, contact with an infected person and shellfish consumption. person-to-person spread is common within families, closely knit communities and schools (especially nurseries). the provision of safe water an ... | 1992 | 1284926 |
| the association of infective hepatitis type a (hav) and diabetes mellitus. | the cases of three patients who developed diabetes mellitus (dm) within 2-3 weeks of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection associated with diabetic ketoacidosis are reported. the ketoacidosis was considered an index of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus most likely precipitated by the acute virus infection. | 1992 | 1295148 |
| [appearance of antibodies against hepatitis type a virus (hav) in alcoholics]. | in 144 alcoholics--patients of alcoholic outpatient clinic anti-hav antibodies were studied using the commercially available elisa test. anti-hcv antibodies were found in 86% of the alcoholics, and this prevalence was not higher than in the control group. no differences were found in the titre of antibodies against cytomegaly and herpes virus between the subjects with and without anti-hav antibodies which suggests the specificity f the determined anti-hav antibodies. | 1992 | 1295252 |
| non-a, non-b viral hepatitis in egypt. | a study was carried out on 200 patients of ages 20-40 years suffering from acute viral hepatitis. sera were tested for markers of hepatitis b (hbsag, and igm anti-hbc) and hepatitis a (igm-anti-hav) by the elisa technique. sera negative for the markers of both viruses: hepatitis a (hav) and hepatitis b (hbv) were subsequently tested for igm heterophil antibodies against epstein-barr virus (ebv) by the monospot slide test to diagnose acute infectious mononucleosis and tested for anti-cmv (igm) by ... | 1992 | 1295944 |
| new developments in hepatitis c. | since the detection of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in the 1960s and hepatitis a virus in the 1970s, a considerable proportion of infections of (probably viral) hepatitis could not be classified. about 90% of transfusion-related hepatitis was identified as non-a/non-b. in 1988 investigators from the chiron company (usa) detected the non-a, non-b agent and named it hepatitis c virus (hcv). an anti-hcv antibody assay (elisa) and subsequently confirmation tests (immunoblot and polymerase chain reaction) ... | 1992 | 1298054 |
| reduction in hepatitis a antibody prevalence among young adults in israel. | hepatitis a (hav) is endemic in israel. a number of developed countries have reported marked reductions in prevalence of antibodies. the objective of this study was to determine whether change in prior infection took place over a 7-year period and to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of infection in israel. | 1992 | 1305975 |
| multiple enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat of the dna of canine adenovirus type 2. | the manhattan strain of canine adenovirus type 2 (cav 2) was examined. restriction endonuclease analysis and blot hybridization experiments revealed the heterogeneity of the viral dna. at least 9 unequally expanded species of the viral genome have been recognized. this diversity is caused by different enlargements in the right inverted terminal repeat (itr) of the virus. the differences between the individual enlargements were shown to be the different multiples of 150 base pairs. relatedness of ... | 1992 | 1307439 |
| host antibody response to viral structural and nonstructural proteins after hepatitis a virus infection. | subgenomic hepatitis a virus (hav) rna sequences were translated in vitro to produce proteins representing the structural (p1) and nonstructural (p2 and p3) domains of the viral polyprotein. these proteins were used as antigens to detect the presence of antibodies in sera from acute and convalescent humans and an experimentally infected chimpanzee. all infected individuals tested had antibodies that recognized uncleaved p1 proteins as well as nonstructural proteins. antibodies in sera from infec ... | 1992 | 1309847 |
| mutations in both the 2b and 2c genes of hepatitis a virus are involved in adaptation to growth in cell culture. | oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of an infectious cdna clone of wild-type hepatitis a virus was performed to determine which mutations acquired in the nonstructural 2b and 2c genes during adaptation to growth in cell culture were effective in enhancing virus growth in vitro. results of transfection assays demonstrated that one mutation in the 2b gene and two mutations in the 2c gene were responsible for an increased efficiency in growth, but growth enhancement required the participation of a ... | 1992 | 1309907 |
| hepatitis a virus polyprotein synthesis initiates from two alternative aug codons. | the genomic rna of hepatitis a virus has two potential translation initiation sites for synthesis of a 251-kda polyprotein. it is not known which of these aug codons, located at positions 735-737 and 741-743, is used in vitro or in vivo. site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to eliminate each start codon independently. transcripts from the unmodified and modified cdna clones were used either to program an in vitro translation system or for transfection of bs-c-1 cells. in vitro and in vivo t ... | 1992 | 1310188 |
| sexually transmitted viruses other than hiv and papillomavirus. | this review has focused on a select group of viruses that can be sexually transmitted. the viruses include the herpesviruses, hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, delta virus, non-a, non-b hepatitis virus(es), and molluscum contagiosum. their impact on the population alone or in association with hiv disease necessitates a clear understanding of their ability to cause infection and of the manifestations of these infections. characterization of these particular pathogens and treatment have been d ... | 1992 | 1310546 |
| antigenic structure of human hepatitis a virus defined by analysis of escape mutants selected against murine monoclonal antibodies. | we examined the antigenic structure of human hepatitis a virus (hav) by characterizing a series of 21 murine monoclonal-antibody-resistant neutralization escape mutants derived from the hm175 virus strain. the escape phenotype of each mutant was associated with reduced antibody binding in radioimmunofocus assays. neutralization escape mutations were identified at the asp-70 and gln-74 residues of the capsid protein vp3, as well as at ser-102, val-171, ala-176, and lys-221 of vp1. with the except ... | 1992 | 1312628 |
| production of high efficiency of plating hepatitis a virus in primary african green monkey kidney cells. | high-titered hepatitis a virus, strain hm-175, was produced in primary african green monkey kidney cells (5.5 x 10(10) tissue culture id50/850 cm2 roller bottle). the virus preparation had an efficiency of plating of 15 particles per infectious unit. single-cycle growth kinetics of the adapted virus indicated that after an eclipse period of 2 days, maximal yields were attained 6 days after infection. | 1992 | 1312726 |
| hepatitis c virus in chronic hemodialysis patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis. | sixteen of 110 hemodialysis (hd) patients fulfilling criteria of non-a, non b hepatitis (nanbh), i.e. alanine aminotransferase (alt) greater than 50 u/ml in the absence of both serologic markers for acute hbv and hav infections and clinical evidence of another cause of hepatitis, were tested for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) by enzyme immunoassay (ortho, diagnostics). all (100%) were anti-hcv-positive. there were 5 patients with a monophasic (m) rise pattern (1 ... | 1992 | 1313155 |
| expression and characterization of recombinant hepatitis a virus 3c proteinase. | the 3c proteinase from the hepatitis a virus (hav) was cloned into a multicopy expression vector in escherichia coli under control of the tac promoter. the resulting plasmid construction produced 3c proteinase as a soluble and active enzyme constituting approximately 10% of total cellular proteins. the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by sds gel electrophoresis and hplc reversed-phase and fplc ion-exchange chromatography. a colorimetric assay was developed, and synthetic pep ... | 1992 | 1313294 |
| [inapparent infection with hepatitis a virus and glomerulonephritis in a child]. | a 9-year-old boy developed inapparent infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) and glomerulonephritis, simultaneously. the diagnosis was confirmed by the finding of serum anti-hav igm. we suggest that the kidney involvement was also caused by hav. recovery was uneventful. | 1992 | 1314215 |
| immunogenicity and antigenicity of chimeric picornaviruses which express hepatitis a virus (hav) peptide sequences: evidence for a neutralization domain near the amino terminus of vp1 of hav. | we evaluated the antigenic characteristics of chimeric picornaviruses created by inserting peptide sequences from hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid proteins into the b-c loop of vp1 of sabin strain type 1 poliovirus (pv-1). fifteen viable chimeras were generated. each retained the ability to be neutralized by polyclonal pv-1 antisera. two chimeras (h15 and h2) stimulated production of low levels of hav neutralizing antibodies in immunized rabbits or mice, although in both cases only a small fractio ... | 1992 | 1314456 |
| survival of hepatitis a virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces. | the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav; strain hm175) on the hands of five volunteers was determined by depositing 10 microliters of fecally suspended virus on each fingerpad and eluting the inoculum after 0, 20, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. the amount of virus recovered from each fingerpad at 0 min was approximately 6.0 x 10(4) pfu. at the end of 4 h, 16 to 30% of the initially recoverable virus remained detectable on the fingerpads. hav inocula (10 microliters; approximately 1.0 x 10(4) pfu) pla ... | 1992 | 1315331 |
| clinical evaluation of oral fluid samples for diagnosis of viral hepatitis. | oral fluid samples were compared with serum samples as a specimen source for hepatitis a, b, and c virus markers. oral fluid was obtained with a treated absorbent pad and tested by using existing commercial enzyme immunoassays with only minor modifications. compared with serum sampling the sensitivity and specificity of oral sampling were 100% (51 of 51 samples) and 98% (46 of 47 samples) for hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m, 100% (29 of 29 samples) and 100% (29 of 29 samples) for hepatitis b ... | 1992 | 1316364 |
| characterization of a genetic variant of human hepatitis a virus. | human isolates of hepatitis a (hav) are a single serotype; however, recent genetic surveys using limited nucleotide sequencing have provided evidence that more than one genotype is responsible for hav infection in different parts of the world (jansen et al. [1990]: proc natl acad sci usa 87:2867-2871; robertson et al. [1991] j infect dis 163:286-292). one of these genotypes was originally isolated from panamanian owl monkeys (strain pa21), but has subsequently been found associated with human ca ... | 1992 | 1316423 |
| inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccines. | 1992 | 1317341 | |
| time course of hepatitis a virus antibody titer after active and passive immunization. | to investigate the antibody titer necessary to prevent hepatitis a virus infection, either 15 or 7.5 mg/kg of immune serum globulin was injected into 10 antihepatitis a virus negative volunteers and their serum antihepatitis a virus titers were observed for 28 wk. in addition, antibody titers were observed for 96 wk in a phase 1 clinical trial of a hepatitis a vaccine. the two studies were then compared to assess the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the persistence of the antibody. serum-neutra ... | 1992 | 1317343 |
| clinical trial with inactivated hepatitis a vaccine and recommendations for its use. | to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in two different immunisation schedules. | 1992 | 1318765 |
| genetic relatedness of hepatitis a virus strains recovered from different geographical regions. | a pairwise comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of 168 bases from 152 wild-type or unique cell culture-adapted strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) revealed that hav strains can be differentiated genetically into seven unique genotypes (i to vii). in general, the nucleotide sequence of viruses in different genotypes differs at 15 to 25% of positions within this segment of the genome. viruses from four of the genotypes (i, ii, iii and vii) were recovered from cases of hepatitis a in humans, wher ... | 1992 | 1318940 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis viruses in blood donors with a clinical history of hepatitis. | a comparison between the 1979, 1982 and 1989 findings indicates that the number of adults susceptible to hav infections has increased. this fact should be given attention in view of the strongly altered travelling pattern of fairly large sections of the population. it should also be kept in mind that the group of adults born between 1951 and 1960 comprises those adults who have the most frequent contacts with younger children being at the greatest risk of acquiring hav infection. | 1992 | 1319249 |
| [studies on the effects of rhtnf-alpha anti-replication against ehfv and hav in vitro]. | it was demonstrated in this study that rhtnf-alpha can inhibit the replication of epidemic hemorrhagic fever virus and hepatitis a virus in tissue culture. ehfv infection produced strong fluorescence ( - +) on vero-e6 cells after 9 days. in the rhtnf-alpha treated group, however the fluorescence was very weak (- or +/-). rhtnf-alpha also showed anti-hav effects on 2bs cells. the fluorescence intensity on 2bs cells infected by hav was - +, but in the rhtnf-alpha treated group, the fluorescence wa ... | 1992 | 1319852 |
| myelopoiesis in vitro is suppressed by hepatitis a virus. | perturbations of hematopoietic regulation ranging from transient granulocytopenia to rare cases of bone marrow failure are associated with infections due to hepatitis a virus (hav). in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms we had previously established that hav has a direct suppressive effect on human bone marrow progenitors (cfu-gm, -gemm, bfu-e). these studies were extended to long-term bone marrow cultures (ltbmc): inoculation of bone marrow mononuclear cells with hav did not in ... | 1992 | 1322183 |
| fibroblast growth factor receptors contain a conserved hav region common to cadherins and influenza strain a hemagglutinins: a role in protein-protein interactions? | the first extracellular domain of the cadherins has been shown to exhibit extensive sequence homology with the amino termini of the ha1 chains of influenza strain a hemagglutinins. these regions of homology are known to be functionally important in both the cadherins and the hemagglutinins. the homologous regions harbor the tripeptide hav, which has been identified as being the cadherin cell adhesion recognition sequence. here we report that members of the rapidly expanding family of fibroblast ... | 1992 | 1322849 |
| salivary antibody testing in a school outbreak of hepatitis a. | during a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in gloucester, uk there was a high attack rate in children attending two city primary schools and a pre-school centre sharing the same site. in september 1990, saliva specimens were collected from 478 (85%) of the 562 children. the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), as determined by saliva testing, was 29.6%; highest prevalences were seen in 5-6-year-olds and in children from that area of the city at the centre of the community ... | 1992 | 1323482 |
| multistate outbreak of hepatitis a associated with frozen strawberries. | a multistate outbreak of hepatitis a was traced to frozen strawberries processed at a single plant. among 827 students and 60 teachers at an elementary school in georgia during a 2-week period, 15 developed hepatitis a. three months later, among 174 residents and 467 staff in an institution for the developmentally disabled in montana during a 3-week period, 13 developed hepatitis a. primary attack rates were 10% in the school and 8% in the institution. cohort analysis in the school implicated co ... | 1992 | 1323618 |
| polyprotein processing in cis and in trans by hepatitis a virus 3c protease cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. | to determine the p3 region protein-processing sites cleaved by the hepatitis a virus 3c protease, a nested set of constructs containing a portion of 3a (3a* [the asterisk denotes an incomplete protein]), 3b and 3c and various amounts of 3d, fused in frame to escherichia coli trpe-coding sequences under control of the tryptophan promoter, was made. additional plasmids that encoded a portion of 2c (2c*) and the p3 proteins, including complete or incomplete 3d sequences, were constructed. after ind ... | 1992 | 1323691 |