Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [a case of glossopharyngeal and vagal nerve palsy caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev 70)]. | 1984 | 6467740 | |
| [radiculomyelitis following acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70. report of the 1st corroborated case in america]. | 1984 | 6494503 | |
| an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in central minnesota. | the only confirmed outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the continental united states during 1982 occurred in brainerd, minnesota. the disease first appeared in a 27-year-old woman during a trip to tahiti. the patient's two daughters (8 months old and 3 years old) developed mild conjunctivitis two days later. although the symptoms of all three had completely resolved before they arrived in brainerd, illness compatible with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis developed in five other indiv ... | 1983 | 6624826 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis investigation of a large-scale community outbreak in dade county, florida. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) due to enterovirus type 70 occurred in dade county, florida, from september to december 1981. younger age groups, members of larger households, and the poor were at significantly greater risk of acquiring ahc than others in the community. schoolchildren were most likely to introduce ahc into the household. after exclusion of all affected children from school, there was a dramatic reduction in reported cases, with attack ratesups, members of l ... | 1983 | 6827704 |
| polio-like motor paralysis associated with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in an outbreak in 1981 in bombay, india: clinical and serologic studies. | high and rising neutralizing antibody titers (nats) to enterovirus type 70 (ev70) were detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of patients with polio-like motor paralysis accompanying acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in an outbreak of ahc in 1981 in bombay, india. fifty-four (88.5%) of 61 patients with ahc with or without neurologic disease had serum nats of greater than or equal to 1:16, and some paired sera from these patients showed significant increases in nat. serum from n ... | 1983 | 6842006 |
| clinical findings and results of treatment in an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southern florida. | an epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in miami, florida, involved approximately 800 documented cases and more than 2,500 suspected cases. this epidemic was caused by an enterovirus 70 infection affecting primarily young black people residing within a high-risk area. acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is characterized by the rapid onset of swollen eyelids, foreign-body sensation, burning, watery discharge, and, usually, bilateral ocular involvement. signs include distinctive bulbar conjun ... | 1983 | 6849368 |
| adult polio-like syndrome following enterovirus 70 conjunctivitis (natural history of the disease). | during the indian ev 70 conjunctivitis epidemic in 1981, 79 patients with neurological complications were evaluated by clinical, electrophysiological, histopathological and virological studies. the disease was heralded by an attack of conjunctivitis and was followed, after a variable latent period, by a pre-paralytic, paralytic, and post-paralytic stage of slow recovery. the above events occurred in an orderly sequence. the paralysis affected the cranial nerves, limbs or both. the clinical cours ... | 1983 | 6880605 |
| a study of the neurological disorder associated with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70. | ninety cases of the neurological manifestations associated with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 (ev 70) are reported. the patients were seen during the widespread epidemics in 1971 and 1981. male adults were predominantly affected by a "polio-like" paralysis of the limbs and/or cranial nerves. root pains were often complained of early in the disease. in the absence of a necropsy, clinical and neurophysiological examinations helped to localise the lesions. significant a ... | 1983 | 6886696 |
| acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | an extensive outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis is being experienced in south africa. this is part of a pandemic affecting africa, asia and the americas. it is thought to be caused by enterovirus 70 and is highly contagious, the main mode of transmission being direct contact. the disease is usually confined to the eye and is self-limiting, requiring only symptomatic treatment. sequelae have been reported, most concern being caused by the neurological complications. | 1982 | 7112292 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in west africa. i. studies with human sera from ghana collected eight years after the first outbreak. | in 1969 and early 1970, during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in the upper north regions of ghana, 191 human sera were collected. in 1977, eight years after the first epidemic of ahc in ghana, 1008 human sera were also collected in various regions of ghana. these sera were examined for virus neutralizing (vn) antibody against the j670/71 strain of enterovirus type 70 (ev70). in the pre-epidemic 1969-1970 sera, a low prevalence rate (6%) of vn antibody, with a t ... | 1981 | 7304562 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in west africa. ii. studies with human sera collected in west african countries other than ghana. | human sera were collected in senegal, nigeria, ivory coast, dahomey, liberia, gabon and togo during the pre-epidemic period of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) from 1965 to 1969, and tested for virus neutralizing (vn) antibody to enterovirus type 70 (ev70). of these, 1109 (91%) were antibody negative (less than equal to 1:4), 116 (9%) neutralized at a dilution of 1:8 or over, and 45 (4%) at dilutions of at least 1:16. the distribution pattern is not significantly different from that of ser ... | 1981 | 7304563 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus (enterovirus type 70) in west africa. iii. studies with animal sera from ghana and senegal. | one hundred and thirty-nine bovine sera collected in senegal in 1968 and 1969, before the human pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), and 145 sera collected in 1977, seven years after the introduction of ahc, were tested for virus neutralizing (vn) titers against enterovirus 70 (ev70) in neutralization tests. positive rates of vn titers (1:16) were fairly constant (about 40%) in 1968 and 1969 but the proportion of positives from the 1977 collection was significantly higher (61%). t ... | 1981 | 7304572 |
| an enterovirus type 70 epidemic of acute conjunctivitis in peninsular malaysia, 1980. | 1981 | 7343822 | |
| molecular comparison of coxsackie a virus serotypes. | genetic diversity of coxsackie a viruses (cavs) and enteroviruses 68, 69, and 71 was studied by comparing nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences from the 5' untranslated region (5'utr), vp4-vp2 capsid protein and polymerase 3d region, and 3'utr. the data were obtained by sequencing pcr amplicons. according to the molecular analysis of the coding region, cavs belong to three different genetic clusters. cav2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 form a coherent genetic group designated cluster a. n ... | 1995 | 7676647 |
| seroepidemiological study of coxsackievirus type a24 variant (ca24v) in taiwan. | in october 1985 and june 1986, for the first time, taiwan experienced two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v). sera of virologically and clinically confirmed cases were studied together with the pre- and post-epidemic serum samples by the microneutralization method (cut-off titer, 1:8). the serum samples included 16 cases of virologically confirmed ahc and 18 cases of clinically diagnosed ahc which were collected during the period ... | 1994 | 7837321 |
| use of the colonic carcinoma cell line caco-2 for in vivo amplification and detection of enteric viruses. | the use of the continuous cell line caco-2 as an in vivo amplification system for the detection of fastidious human enteric viruses is reported. caco-2 cells showed an increased sensitivity to laboratory strains of group a rotavirus 3, reovirus 3, astrovirus 1, poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus a 24, enterovirus 70, and adenovirus 5, 40 and 41, when compared to a routine host cell line for each virus. nucleic acids from wild-type infectious rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus 40 in stool samples of ... | 1994 | 7852976 |
| isolation of a variant of enterovirus 70 from a patient during an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in pune in 1991. | we report on the isolation of enterovirus 70 (ev-70) in pune, india in 1991. the isolate was identified by the neutralization and indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests. the isolate was found to be a prime type of the ev-70 (j670/71) which was isolated by kono and collaborators in 1971 (kono et al., 1974). | 1994 | 7879718 |
| the soriano award lecture. emerging infections of the nervous system. | the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency disease [aids] has focused interest on the origins of "new" infectious agents. great plagues are well known from the distant past, but a number of novel diseases affecting the nervous system infections have emerged in recent years. the causes of such new disorders are diverse: whereas rapid mutations of microbes allow the evolution of truly novel agents, the appearance of new diseases is more often due to changes in human or vector populations or changes ... | 1994 | 7931418 |
| intratypic genome variability of the coxsackievirus b1 2a protease region. | to analyse the intratypic genome variability of coxsackievirus b1, 17 coxsackievirus b1 isolates were collected over a period of 10 years. nucleotide sequences of the 2a coding region of the various coxsackievirus b1 isolates and known sequences of other enteroviruses were compared. the maximum diversity observed within the entire group of coxsackievirus b1 isolates was 25%. comparison of deduced amino acid sequences revealed a maximum diversity of 5%. phylogenetic analysis demonstrates a close ... | 1994 | 8126468 |
| [a survey on enteroviruses-carrying status among healthy population in changle and wucheng counties of shandong province. shandong collaborative group of poliomyelitis]. | four-hundred and fourty-six faecal specimens sampled from healthy carriers between 0 and more than 20 year-old age groups in changle and wucheng counties of shandong province were collected from june to sept. of 1991. from them, 142 (31.84%) isolates of enteroviruses were obtained. there was no significant difference in the enteroviruses isolation rate between changle and wucheng. no poliovirus was isolated. among other enterovirus isolates, 85 were echoviruses, 6 coxsackieviruses, 9 enterovirus ... | 1993 | 8221841 |
| molecular evolution of the major capsid protein vp1 of enterovirus 70. | nucleotide sequences of the genome rna encoding capsid protein vp1 (918 nucleotides) of 18 enterovirus 70 (ev70) isolates collected from various parts of the world in 1971 to 1981 were determined, and nucleotide substitutions among them were studied. the genetic distances between isolates were calculated by the pairwise comparison of nucleotide difference. regression analysis of the genetic distances against time of isolation of the strains showed that the synonymous substitution rate was very h ... | 1994 | 8289388 |
| inhibition of the enteroviruses that cause acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) by benzimidazoles; enviroxime (ly 122772) and enviradone (ly 127123). | enviradone (evird, (e)-1-[(1-methylethyl) sulfonyl]-6-(1-phenyl-1-propenyl)-1 h- benzimidazole-2-amine) and enviroxime (evirx, 2-amino-1-(isopropyl-sulfonyl)-6-benzimidazole phenyl ketone oxime) inhibited enterovirus 70 (ev70) and coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) infection of conjunctival and laryngeal cells. on average, the continuous presence of 1-3 micrograms of evird or evirx/ml in cell cultures acutely infected with ev70 or ca24v inhibited virus production (> 2 log10 reduction) and 100% o ... | 1995 | 8540755 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of recent epidemic strains of enterovirus 70. | nucleotide sequences of the genome of enterovirus 70 (ev70) isolated in osaka in 1993 were determined, and compared with those of the past epidemic strains. nucleotide substitution rates in 332 bp, 174 bp, and 178 bp of the genes encoding viral protein (vp)1, vp2, or vp3 were 9.0, 7.5, and 5.6% between kumoi-2/93 and j670/71, respectively. likewise, the putative amino acid substitution rates were 1.8, 0, and 0%. it seems that the epidemic strains of ev70 in japan have been evolving at a constant ... | 1995 | 8551976 |
| detection of enterovirus 70 by polymerase chain reaction in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | we have developed and applied reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of enterovirus 70 from conjunctival swabs of patients among the population of an acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic on okinawa, japan, in 1994. | 1996 | 8694103 |
| genetic and phylogenetic clustering of enteroviruses. | genetic and phylogenetic analysis of enteroviruses showed that in the 5'ncr enteroviruses formed three clusters: polioviruses (pvs), coxsackievirus a type 21 (cav21), cav24 and enterovirus type 70 (env70) formed one cluster; coxsackievirus b isolates (cbvs), cav9, cav16, env71, echovirus type 11 (ev11), ev12 and all partially sequenced echoviruses and swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) belonged to another cluster and bovine enteroviruses (bevs) formed the third cluster. in the capsid coding re ... | 1996 | 8760417 |
| the hela cell receptor for enterovirus 70 is decay-accelerating factor (cd55). | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is a recently emerged human pathogen belonging to the family picornaviridae. the ability of ev70 to infect a wide variety of nonprimate cell lines in vitro is unique among human enteroviruses. the importance of virus receptors as determinants of viral host range and tropism led us to study the host cell receptor for this unusual picornavirus. we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab), evr1, which bound to the surface of hela cells and protected them against infection by ev70 ... | 1996 | 8764022 |
| an epidemic of viral acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in delhi in 1994. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis affecting persons of all ages and both sexes occurred in delhi and surrounding areas during the monsoon season of 1994. the symptoms lasted on an average for 4-5 days. in some of the patients corneal involvement was observed. conjunctival swabs from the affected patients were processed for viral antigen detection, virus isolation and bacterial culture and sensitivity. viral antigen was detected in 62% (31/50) of the smears tested by indirect immun ... | 1996 | 8828301 |
| use of magnetic beads versus guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform rna extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction for the rapid, sensitive detection of enterovirus rna. | the current study compares the sensitivity of rna extraction using magnetic beads versus that of a standard extraction method. streptavadin-coated magnetic beads were labelled with a biotinylated, enterovirus-specific oligonucleotide. rna was extracted using labelled beads or guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform from 1, 0.1 and 0.01 tcid50/100 microliters of stock coxsackievirus types a9 and b3, echovirus type 11, enterovirus type 70 and poliovirus type 1. each strain was tested three times. ... | 1997 | 9017827 |
| recurrence of epidemic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus-70 in pune, india. | 1997 | 9196763 | |
| identification of a new strain of fastidious enterovirus 70 as the causative agent of an outbreak of hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | a 1994 outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in israel was caused by an enterovirus 70 strain that was distinct from previously reported strains. characterization was by electron microscopy (eye washes), reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr; eyewash, specimens, eye swabs, and tears), and sequence analysis of rt-pcr-amplified fragments from the 5' noncoding region and vp1. | 1997 | 9230400 |
| demonstration of the specificity of poliovirus encapsidation using a novel replicon which encodes enzymatically active firefly luciferase. | the specificity of poliovirus encapsidation has been studied using a novel chimeric genome in which the gene encoding firefly luciferase has been substituted for the vp2-vp3-vp1 genes of the poliovirus capsid (p1) gene. transfection of rna transcribed in vitro from this genome resulted in a vp4-luciferase fusion protein which retained luciferase enzyme activity. since the detection of enzyme activity was dependent upon replication of the transfected rna genome, we refer to these genomes as repli ... | 1998 | 9527910 |
| [detection of enterovirus 70 in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis by pcr-stringent microplate hybridization method]. | the surveillance of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70) is insufficient because of the difficulties of virus isolation using conventional methods. in this study, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and stringent microplate hybridization (smh) methods were assessed for the detection of ev70 in conjunctival swabs collected from the patients of ahc which broke out in miyazaki prefecture in 1990 and okinawa prefecture in 1994. furthermore, with ... | 1998 | 9545689 |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the rna polymerase and the 3' non-coding region of a bovine enterovirus japanese isolate: rapid synonymous substitutions between european and japanese strains. | the nucleotide sequences of the genome rna encoding the rna polymerase and the 3' non-coding region (ncr) of bovine enterovirus (bev) serotype i japanese isolate, mz468, were determined. the genetic distance between the two bev serotype i strains, mz468 and vg-5-27, was calculated by pairwise comparison of nucleotide sequences. the synonymous substitution rate was high (1.40 x 10(-2)/site/year), and of the same order as those of influenza virus ha, hiv-1 gag and env, and enterovirus 70 vp1 genes ... | 1998 | 9638151 |
| short consensus repeat domain 1 of decay-accelerating factor is required for enterovirus 70 binding. | enterovirus 70 (ev70), like several other human enteroviruses, can utilize decay-accelerating factor (daf [cd55]) as an attachment protein. using chimeric molecules composed of different combinations of the short consensus repeat domains (scrs) of daf and membrane cofactor protein (cd46), we show that sequences in scr1 of daf are essential for ev70 binding. of the human enteroviruses that can bind to daf, only ev70 and coxsackievirus a21 require sequences in scr1 for this interaction. | 1998 | 9765493 |
| [virologic diagnosis of an outbreak of epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. cuba.1989]. | the causative agent of an hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak was assessed through the study of 18 conjunctival exudates using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and isolation in cell culture of human embryo fibroblasts. in addition, 395 paired serum samples were studied and enterovirus 70 was found to be responsible for the outbreak. | 1992 | 9768224 |
| complete sequence of echovirus 23 and its relationship to echovirus 22 and other human enteroviruses. | to define the relationship between echovirus 23 (e23) and other human enteroviruses, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of e23 isolated from a child with high fever in connecticut in 1986 and compared the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with those of other enteroviruses representing each of the major enterovirus phylogenetic groups, poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus a16, coxsackievirus b3, echovirus 22 (e22), and enterovirus 70. the genome of e23 (strain ... | 1998 | 9783471 |
| ten years' surveillance of viral conjunctivitis in sapporo, japan. | we set out to establish the epidemiology of viral conjunctivitis over a 10-year period in sapporo, northern japan. | 1999 | 9951639 |
| acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70 in india. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in delhi, india, during august and september 1996. the etiologic agent was confirmed as enterovirus type 70 by a modified centrifugation-enhanced culture method followed by immunofluorescence and neutralization tests. after nearly a decade, this virus is reemerging as a cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in india. | 1999 | 10221880 |
| an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 in okinawa, japan, in 1994. | although enterovirus 70 (ev70) has been identified as the major aetiological agent of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivities (ach),no ev70 strain has been isolated by cell culture method since 1988. therefore, recent clinical and epidemiological characteristics of ahc caused by ev70 have not been clarified. | 1999 | 10424307 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of ag7088, a potent inhibitor of human rhinovirus 3c protease. | ag7088 is a potent, irreversible inhibitor of human rhinovirus (hrv) 3c protease (inactivation rate constant (k(obs)/[i]) = 1,470,000 +/- 440,000 m(-1) s(-1) for hrv 14) that was discovered by protein structure-based drug design methodologies. in h1-hela and mrc-5 cell protection assays, ag7088 inhibited the replication of all hrv serotypes (48 of 48) tested with a mean 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) of 0.023 microm (range, 0.003 to 0.081 microm) and a mean ec(90) of 0.082 microm (range, 0 ... | 1999 | 10508022 |
| investigation of an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in pune, india. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) was reported from pune in august-september, 1996. conjunctival swabs and scrapings were taken from acute patients attending the opd of the ophthalmology department of b. j. medical college, pune. conjunctival swabs were processed in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hel) cell line and viral isolates were obtained which were identified as enterovirus (ev) 70 prime strain using standard in-vitro neutralisation test. indirect intracellular immu ... | 1999 | 10810585 |
| hemorrhagic viral keratoconjunctivitis in taiwan caused by adenovirus types 19 and 37: applicability of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in detecting adenovirus genotypes. | acute keratoconjunctivitis with prominent subconjunctival hemorrhage (sch) is usually perceived by a clinician as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) associated with enteroviruses; however, sch can also be an adenoviruses infection. a rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis is helpful for differential diagnosis. therefore, the sensitivity and applicability of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription (rt)-pcr diagnoses were evaluated for keratoconjunctivitis associated with v ... | 2001 | 11322419 |
| [detection of viral aetiology in cerebral spinal fluid samples from 580 clinical cases]. | to investigate the viral aetiology in cerebral spinal fluid (csf) from 580 cases of cns infection or fuo in yuedong district from 1990 to 1997. | 2000 | 11471031 |
| genetic clustering of all 102 human rhinovirus prototype strains: serotype 87 is close to human enterovirus 70. | human rhinoviruses (hrv), common agents of respiratory infections, comprise 102 designated serotypes. the genetic relationships of hrv prototype strains and the possibility of using genetic identification of a given hrv field strain were studied. genomic sequences in the vp4/vp2 region were obtained from all 102 prototype strains. phylogenetic analysis included 61 recently isolated finnish field strains. seventy-six out of the 102 prototype strains clustered in the hrv genetic group a and 25 in ... | 2002 | 11807226 |
| detection & differentiation of coxsackie a 24 variant isolated from an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in north india by rt-pcr using a novel primer pair. | an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in north india during july to september 1994. we report a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using known and novel primers to differentiate and identify the ca 24 virus isolated from the epidemic of ahc. | 2002 | 12362556 |
| sialic acid functions in enterovirus 70 binding and infection. | the interaction of viruses with host cell receptors is the initial step in viral infection and is an important determinant of virus host range, tissue tropism, and pathogenesis. the complement regulatory protein decay-accelerating factor (daf/cd55) is an attachment receptor for enterovirus 70 (ev70), a member of the picornaviridae, commonly associated with an eye infection in humans known as acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. in early work, the ev70 receptor on erythrocytes, responsible for its h ... | 2002 | 12388686 |
| molecular classification of coxsackie a viruses on the basis of the 5'-utr: structural and evolutionary aspects. | the sequences from a large part of the 5'-utr of 21 coxsackie a virus (cav) reference strains for which such data did not exist in the past were obtained. those sequences, along with the respective available sequences from the rest of the cav reference strains and many other enteroviruses, were compared. according to the results of this comparison, enteroviruses are classified into two genetic clusters on the basis of 5'-utr, and cavs are divided into these two clusters. specifically, it was fou ... | 2002 | 12486523 |
| the change of etiological agents and clinical signs of epidemic viral conjunctivitis over an 18-year period in southern taiwan. | epidemic viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious eye disease that occurs worldwide and is caused mainly by adenoviruses and enteroviruses. an 18-year analysis of the changes of pathogens and clinical signs in a subtropical and densely populated island presents certain special features. | 2003 | 12768288 |
| systemic and ocular antibody responses to inactivated acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) virus; enterovirus 70 (ev70). | evaluate the immune response in rabbits injected with ev70, the agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) and ahc associated neuropathy. | 2003 | 14566646 |
| binding to decay-accelerating factor is not required for infection of human leukocyte cell lines by enterovirus 70. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is one of several human enteroviruses that exhibit a propensity for infecting the central nervous system (cns). the mechanisms by which neurotropic enteroviruses gain access to and invade the cns are poorly understood. one possibility is that circulating leukocytes become infected and carry neurotropic enteroviruses to the cns. we examined the ability of ev70 to infect cell lines derived from lymphoid, myeloid, and monocytic lineages. most leukocyte cell lines tested bound ... | 2004 | 14990687 |
| towards an in vitro model for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: cytokine-mediated vascular endothelial cell activation triggered by enterovirus type 70 infection. | little is known of the pathogenetic mechanisms of enterovirus type 70 (ev70), a causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. however, virus- or cytokine-induced perturbation of vascular endothelial cells are potential triggering events. | 2004 | 15072749 |
| expression of enterovirus 70 capsid protein vp1 in escherichia coli. | the vp1 gene of enterovirus 70 (ev70) possesses a large number of escherichia coli low-usage codons (11.0%) and a bacterial ribosome binding site complementary sequence (rbscs) 5'-ugucuccuuuuc-3' flanking the codon 139. plasmids containing ev70 cdna encoding the full-length vp1 failed to express in e. coli (bl21(de3), rosetta 2(de3) or rosetta (de3)plyss). high expression (>8% of total protein) of recombinant vp1 (rvp1m) in e. coli required engineering of the encoding cdna (conserved modificatio ... | 2004 | 15358366 |
| [study on enterovirus aetiology of cns infection in shantou]. | enterovirus isolation and serological assay were done in 236 cases of cns infection in shantou. 62 strains of virus (from 55 cases) were isolated from 257 samples of 236 cases (24.1%). 48 cases were positive among 57 cases (84.2%) by serological assay. 78 cases were positive for virus isolation and/or serological assay (33.1%). virus infection included 33 cases of poliovirus (including 6 polio-i, 18 polio-ii, 4 polio-iii, 5 mixed infections), 21 cases of coxsackie virus (including 6 coxa24,7 cox ... | 1997 | 15619830 |
| enterovirus 70 binds to different glycoconjugates containing alpha2,3-linked sialic acid on different cell lines. | enterovirus 70 (ev70), the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, exhibits a restricted tropism for conjunctival and corneal cells in vivo but infects a wide spectrum of mammalian cells in culture. previously, we demonstrated that human cd55 is a receptor for ev70 on hela cells but that ev70 also binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on a variety of other human cell lines. virus recognition of sialic acid attached to underlying glycans by a particular glycosidic linkage may con ... | 2005 | 15890948 |
| immunogenicity of enterovirus 70 capsid protein vp1 and its non-overlapping n- and c-terminal fragments. | currently no practical treatment method or effective virus vaccine is available for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70). antibodies to uv-inactivated ev70 (j670/71 epidemic isolate) and to the inclusion bodies of recombinant proteins of full-length ev70 vp1 (gst-vp1m), its non-overlapping terminal fragments n138 (1-138 aa) and c170 (141-310 aa) (or gst-n138m and gst-c170) were developed in rabbits. the anti-ev70 neutralizing activities of the rabbit sera were d ... | 2005 | 15911028 |
| management of subconjunctival haematoma by tissue plasminogen activator. | a patient with subconjunctival haematoma related to enterovirus 70 who was treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tpa) is reported. a 46-year-old man developed a severe subconjunctival haematoma and discharge in the left eye. investigations, including coagulation tests, showed no abnormalities apart from a high-serum antibody titre for enterovirus 70. the polymerase chain reaction demonstrated enterovirus 70 dna in resected conjunctival tissue, leading to a diagnosis of acute haemorrhagic co ... | 2005 | 16181290 |
| enteroviruses as agents of emerging infectious diseases. | although the enteroviruses as a group are ubiquitous and not normally considered as "emerging pathogens," the many different serotypes circulate at different frequencies in any given year and the prevalence of a given serotype may fluctuate wildly from year to year. as a result, several enterovirus serotypes have been associated with the emergence of specific diseases (for example, pandemic acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis) and specific serotypes have emerged to cause outbreaks of major public h ... | 2005 | 16287683 |
| caspase-3 and -7 mediate apoptosis of human chang's conjunctival cells induced by enterovirus 70. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is the major etiological agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). ev70 m.o.i.- (multiplicity of infection) and time-dependently induced apoptosis in human chang's conjunctival (hcc) cells. uv- or heat-inactivated ev70 did not induce apoptosis. ev70-induced apoptosis was inhibited by cycloheximide and methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-val-chloromethylketone (mpcmk), but not actinomycin d and guanidine.hcl (although guanidine.hcl inhibited the apoptosis induced by ev70 infe ... | 2006 | 16427675 |
| new enteroviruses, ev-93 and ev-94, associated with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo. | surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis often identifies enteroviruses not typeable by virus neutralization in cell culture. during 2000 and 2001, 186 isolates from 138 children with acute flaccid paralysis in the democratic republic of the congo were sent for typing to the national reference centre for enteroviruses in lyon, france. the 5' utr of the viral genome could be amplified by pcr for 158 isolates from 114 patients. isolates from 89 patients were neutralizable, and contained non-polio e ... | 2007 | 17311342 |
| enterovirus 94, a proposed new serotype in human enterovirus species d. | the genus enterovirus (family picornaviridae) contains five species with strains isolated from humans: human enterovirus a (hev-a), hev-b, hev-c, hev-d and poliovirus. in this study, a proposed new serotype of hev-d was characterized. four virus strains were isolated from sewage in egypt and one strain from acute flaccid paralysis cases in the democratic republic of the congo. the complete genome of one environmental isolate, the complete coding sequence of one clinical isolate and complete vp1 ... | 2007 | 17325357 |
| rapid diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 variant by real-time one-step rt-pcr. | coxsackievirus a24 variant is, together with enterovirus 70 and adenoviruses, the major etiological agent involved in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide. however, the standard virus isolation method followed by serotyping or vp1 region sequencing is time-consuming. a rapid method for the detection of coxsackievirus a24 variant from conjunctival swab specimens would be useful in the context of explosive and extensive outbreaks. a one-step real-time rt-pcr assay based on taqman t ... | 2007 | 17328967 |
| outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in maharashtra and gujarat states of india, caused by coxsackie virus a-24 variant. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is associated with enteroviruses. among these, coxsackie a-24 variant (ca-24) and enterovirus-70 (ev-70) are known to cause epidemics and pandemics. an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis occurred in august-september 2003 in maharashtra and gujarat states of india. the present investigation was carried out to determine the viral etiological agent associated with the epidemic. virus isolates were obtained from 11 eye swabs of conjunctivitis patients using ... | 2007 | 17457917 |
| enterovirus 70 receptor utilization is controlled by capsid residues that also regulate host range and cytopathogenicity. | enterovirus type 70, an etiologic agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, may bind different cellular receptors depending on cell type. to understand how ev70-receptor interaction is controlled, we studied two variants of the virus with distinct receptor utilization. ev70-rmk, derived by passage in rhesus monkey kidney cells, replicates poorly in hela cells and does not cause cytopathic effects. decay accelerating factor (daf) is not a cell receptor for ev70-rmk. passage of ev70-rmk in hela c ... | 2007 | 17537857 |
| sialic acid is a cellular receptor for coxsackievirus a24 variant, an emerging virus with pandemic potential. | binding to target cell receptors is a critical step in the virus life cycle. coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) has pandemic potential and is a major cause of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, but its cellular receptor has hitherto been unknown. here we show that cva24v fails to bind to and infect cho cells defective in sialic acid expression. binding of cva24v to and infection of corneal epithelial cells are efficiently inhibited by treating cells with a sialic acid-cleaving enzyme or sialic a ... | 2008 | 18184708 |
| development of rna interference (rnai) as potential antiviral strategy against enterovirus 70. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is recognized as the main causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious viral infection of the eye. currently, there is no available treatment for ev70 infections. in this study, we developed a potential intervention strategy using rna interference (rnai) against ev70 infection in an in vitro system. two synthetic 19-mer sirnas, si-3d1 and si-3d2, were designed to target the 3dpol region of the ev70 genome. significant dosage dependent inhib ... | 2008 | 18428147 |
| multiple outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a variant of coxsackievirus a24: guangdong, china, 2007. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is usually caused by enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus a24(ca24v) and adenoviruses. several outbreaks of ahc caused by a ca24v have occurred since it was imported into china in 1971. multiple outbreaks of ahc reappeared in 10 cities of guangdong during june to november in 2007. the epidemic began in the june, and spread extensively, with a peak in the september. a total of 31,659 cases were reported to center for disease control and prevention of guangdong, it ... | 2008 | 18712817 |
| [fruit of the emergence of an enterovirus: acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. | first seen in ghana and indonesia in the early 70's, acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis or "apollo 11" disease is an eye infection caused by enterovirus type 70 (ev70). the disease appeared to be a highly contagious conjunctivitis which spread rapidly all over the world. ev70 has been considered as an emerging virus and was classified as a new enterovirus. no human or animal virus genetically similar to ev70 was known before the sudden outcome of the disease in ghana, west africa. ev70 appeared a ... | 2008 | 18957336 |
| proteinase 2apro is essential for enterovirus replication in type i interferon-treated cells. | the picornaviridae family comprises a diverse group of small rna viruses that cause a variety of human and animal diseases. some of these viruses are known to induce cleavage of components of the innate immune system and to inhibit steps in the interferon pathway that lead to the production of type i interferon. there has been no study of the effect of picornaviral infection on the events that occur after interferons have been produced. to determine whether members of the enterovirus genus can a ... | 2009 | 19211759 |
| molecular and immunocytochemical identification of coxsackievirus a-24 variant from the acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in taiwan in 2007. | acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is a highly contagious conjunctivitis associated with enteroviruses. coxsackie a-24 variant (ca-24v) and enterovirus-70 (ev-70) are the two major causative agents. during october 2007, an epidemic of ahc occurred in taiwan, affecting more than 11 000 people. the aim of this study was to determine the aetiological agent associated with the outbreak in patients diagnosed with ahc and treated at the cathay general hospital, taipei (cght) and cathay general ho ... | 2010 | 19218990 |
| simultaneous detection of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant by multiplex real-time rt-pcr using an internal control. | epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis are always explosive and extensive, and have been recognized as a serious international public health problem. enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant have been identified as the major etiological agents in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide. a novel multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for simultaneous detection, identification and quantitation of enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant. the specificity, sensi ... | 2009 | 19442840 |
| [outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in beijing city in 2007 caused by coxsackievirus a24 variant: molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis]. | in 2007, an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred in beijing. in order to identify the etiology of this outbreak, 57 eye conjunctival swabs were collected from 57 outpatient patients, and detected for adenovirus, human enterovirus 70 (hev70) and coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) genes by using rt-pcr or pcr methods. the results showed that 38 were positive for cva24v, the positive rate was 66.7%, but none was positive for hev70 and adenovirus, showing that this outbreak w ... | 2009 | 19769156 |
| [enteroviruses responsible for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis]. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) is an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis, characterized by conjunctival hemorrhages. the first ahc outbreak was described in 1969 in ghana, west africa, and was called apollo disease, from the apollo landing on the moon. this outbreak was caused by enterovirus 70 (ev70) together with a coxsackievirus a24 (cva24v) variant, which are the major etiological agents involved in ahc outbreaks worldwide. ahc is known to be directly transmitted by clo ... | 2010 | 19836177 |
| an antiviral small-interfering rna simultaneously effective against the most prevalent enteroviruses causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious eye disease, is caused primarily by either enterovirus 70 (ev70) or coxsackievirus a24 (cva24) infection. yet methods to prevent or cure ahc are not available. recent evidence has shown that small-interfering rnas (sirnas), mediators of posttranscriptional gene knockdown, can act as effective antiviral agents. thus, the authors attempted to develop a novel sirna-based anti-ahc agent effective against both ev70 and cva24. | 2011 | 20739472 |
| cellular tropism of human enterovirus d species serotypes ev-94, ev-70, and ev-68 in vitro: implications for pathogenesis. | enterovirus 94 (ev-94) is an enterovirus serotype described recently which, together with ev-68 and ev-70, forms human enterovirus d species. this study investigates the seroprevalences of these three serotypes and their abilities to infect, replicate, and damage cell types considered to be essential for enterovirus-induced diseases. the cell types studied included human leukocyte cell lines, primary endothelial cells, and pancreatic islets. high prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against ev- ... | 2010 | 20872722 |
| [evaluation of the efficiency and reactogenicity of emulsion-based adjuvant systems in the manufacture of polyclonal enteroviral diagnostic sera]. | whether various adjuvants might be used in the manufacture of commercial enteroviral diagnostic sera (eds) was studied. the following adjuvants: ribi, saf-1, and titermax were compared; vaseline-lanoline emulsion used to prepare edss, as well as modified freund's complete adjuvant served as controls. chinchilla rabbits were intramuscularly injected enterovirus antigens (enterovirus 70 and echo 2) together with the adjuvant emulsions. titermax showed the highest efficiency comparable with the act ... | 2011 | 21545042 |
| characterization of infections of human leukocytes by non-polio enteroviruses. | to elucidate the detailed susceptibilities of leukocytes to clinically important non-polio enteroviruses (evs), primary monocytes and various human leukocyte cell lines were infected with coxsackievirus a24 (cva24), coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), and enterovirus 70 (ev70). the permissiveness was then assessed by determining virus replication and resultant cytopathic effects. different evs varied markedly in their ability to infect leukocyte cell lines. cvb3 replicated effectively in leukocytes of b-c ... | 2011 | 22057046 |
| analysis of neutralizing antibodies to enterovirus 70 and coxsackievirus a24 variant, levels of immunoglobulins and total protein in tears of patients with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | tear samples were collected from 37 residents of the dominican republic <5 d post onset (p.o.) of symptoms (mean 1.73±1.17 d p.o.) of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc). sixty-two percent (23/37) of the patients had bilateral infections. anti-enterovirus 70 (ev70) tear neutralizing activity (tna) (10(2->3.5) u/ml) and anti-coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v) tna (10(<1-3) u/ml), but no anti-poliovirus (pv) tna was detected. the anti-ev70 tna in pooled tear samples sedimented in sucrose densit ... | 1995 | 22823272 |
| a peptide vaccine based on a b-cell epitope on the vp1 protein of enterovirus 70 induces a strong antibody response. | enterovirus 70 (ev70) is the causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), for which no effective vaccine is available. this study revealed a high reactivity of the n-terminal region of ev70 vp1 (vp1-1) with an anti-ev70 mouse serum. the analysis of overlapping synthetic peptides of vp1-1 identified a b-cell epitope in this region. the e-peptide (14-antveseikaelgvi-28) showing the highest reactivity with the anti-ev70 serum induced neutralizing antibodies in mice and reduced the vir ... | 2012 | 23237090 |
| broad-spectrum virucidal activity of (nvc-422) n,n-dichloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine against viral ocular pathogens in vitro. | viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious infection often causing major epidemics. a safe broad-spectrum antiviral agent is needed to treat this unmet medical need. the purpose of this study is to demonstrate that in vitro nvc-422 is a safe, broad-spectrum topical virucidal agent with activity against ophthalmic viral pathogens. | 2013 | 23341010 |
| evaluation of methods using celite to concentrate norovirus, adenovirus and enterovirus from wastewater. | enteroviruses, noroviruses and adenoviruses are among the most common viruses infecting humans worldwide. these viruses are shed in the feces of infected individuals and can accumulate in wastewater, making wastewater a source of a potentially diverse group of enteric viruses. in this study, two procedures were evaluated to concentrate noroviruses, adenoviruses and enteroviruses from primary effluent of wastewater. in the first procedure, indigenous enteroviruses, noroviruses and adenoviruses we ... | 2013 | 23727118 |
| etiology of acute conjunctivitis due to coxsackievirus a24 variant, human adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and chlamydia in beijing, china. | acute conjunctivitis is a common disease associated with high morbidity and economic burden. to clarify the etiological characteristics of acute conjunctivitis in beijing, surveillance of acute conjunctivitis was conducted from july to october during 2007-2012 by collecting eye swabs from patients treated at surveillance hospitals affiliated with a surveillance program of 18 districts center for disease prevention and control in beijing. coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v), enterovirus 70 (ev70), ... | 2014 | 25241684 |
| a sialic acid binding site in a human picornavirus. | the picornaviruses coxsackievirus a24 variant (cva24v) and enterovirus 70 (ev70) cause continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc), a highly contagious eye disease against which neither vaccines nor antiviral drugs are currently available. moreover, these viruses can cause symptoms in the cornea, upper respiratory tract, and neurological impairments such as acute flaccid paralysis. ev70 and cva24v are both known to use 5-n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) for cell a ... | 2014 | 25329320 |
| ocular pathology: role of emerging viruses in the asia-pacific region-a review. | the role of viral infections in ocular pathology varies greatly, involving all the components of the eye. some viruses like herpes simplex, herpes zoster, adenovirus, enterovirus 70, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cytomegalovirus are well-known for their role in ocular pathology. in recent years, emerging and resurging viral infections represent an important public health problem. the asia-pacific region has witnessed a number of pandemic and epidemic outbreaks caused by thes ... | 2017 | 26107917 |
| [molecular identification and phylogenetic analyses of coxsackievirus a24v causing an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in jiangxi, china, in 2010]. | to identify the cause of an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) in jiangxi (china) in 2010, 20 eye conjunctival swabs were first collected from ahc patients. then, viruses were isola- ted and tested for human enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus a24 variant (cv-a24v) and adenovirus using the polymerase chain reaction. all cv-a24v isolates underwent sequencing of 3c and vp1 coding regions. then, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for jiangxi cv-a24v and worldwide cv-a24v based on,3c and ... | 2015 | 26470530 |
| the evaluation of hollow-fiber ultrafiltration and celite concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses and bacteriophage from different water matrices. | the collection of waterborne pathogen occurrence data often requires the concentration of microbes from large volumes of water due to the low number of microorganisms that are typically present in environmental and drinking waters. hollow-fiber ultrafiltration (hfuf) has shown promise in the recovery of various microorganisms. this study has demonstrated that the hfuf primary concentration method is effective at recovering bacteriophage φx174, poliovirus, enterovirus 70, echovirus 7, coxsackievi ... | 2016 | 26562058 |
| virology and epidemiology analyses of global adenovirus-associated conjunctivitis outbreaks, 1953-2013. | this study aimed to compare the virology and epidemiology of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (ekc), pharyngoconjunctival fever (pcf) and acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) outbreaks worldwide caused by the human adenovirus (hadv) from 1953 to 2013. eighty-three hexon sequences from 76 conjunctivitis outbreaks were analysed and subtyped using mega 5.05, clustal x and simplot software. epidemiology was performed for the area, age and seasonal distribution. a phylogenetic analysis indicated that ... | 2016 | 26732024 |