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isolation in italy of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv).the authors report the isolation in italy of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) from a cat inoculated with whole blood from a naturally fiv infected cat. the virus was isolated in feline circulating leucocytes cultured in rpmi medium and stimulated with concanavalin-a and recombinant human interleukin-2. the infected cultures showed a characteristic cytopathic effect (ballooning degeneration, giant cell formation, cell death) and a specific fuorescence using fiv-positive cat serum and monoclona ...19911649960
humoral immune response to t cell dependent and independent antigens in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 19911650604
activation of feline immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by feline herpesvirus type 1.by transfection of a recombinant plasmid containing the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) long terminal repeat (ltr) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene followed by infection of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) into crandell feline kidney cells and felis catus whole fetus 4 cells, enhancement of cat activity was demonstrated. furthermore, individual feline t-lymphocytes were productively co-infected with both fiv and fhv-1 in vitro as determined by two-color immunofluor ...19911651603
pathological features of lymphoid tissues in cats with natural feline immunodeficiency virus infection.a range of tissues from a total of 17 cats naturally infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus was examined histologically. in 11 cases, chronic inflammatory lesions were present in various tissues including, most commonly, the intestine, brain and lung. extensive inflammation in the intestinal wall was present in seven of the cats. no particular bacterial organisms were demonstrated in these inflammatory lesions. a range of changes was present in the lymph nodes, including hyperplasia, at ...19911651959
hiv-1 proteinase is required for synthesis of pro-viral dna.hiv-1 proteinase activity is thought to occur primarily post-integration by cleaving the viral gag and gag-pol polyproteins. its role in the pre-integration stages of viral replication, however, has not been studied in detail. here we report that a synthetic peptide analogue, uk-88,947, which is a specific inhibitor of purified hiv-1 proteinase, inhibits the processing of the viral polyproteins in cultures of hiv-1 infected cells and prevents the formation of mature, infectious virions. analysis ...19911652947
effect of primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus infection on subsequent feline calicivirus vaccination and challenge in cats.the effect of experimental primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection on feline calicivirus (fcv) vaccination and challenge in cats was studied. clinical signs of acute fcv disease were more widespread in the cats which were infected with fiv than in those which were not. fiv infection also prolonged shedding of fcv, with more of the fiv-infected cats becoming chronic carriers. although vaccination induced protection against acute fcv disease, this was to a lesser degree in fiv- ...19911652980
hematopoiesis in asymptomatic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.anemia and neutropenia often develop in cats that are infected with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a lentivirus biologically similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). to assess the role of fiv in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities, marrow culture studies were performed on nine asymptomatic, hematologically normal cats that were chronically infected with fiv. in these experiments, the frequencies of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (cfu-gm) and early and late erythroid p ...19911655120
development of il-2-independent feline lymphoid cell lines chronically infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: importance for diagnostic reagents and vaccines.two interleukin 2 (il-2)-independent feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) producer cell lines (fl-4 and fl-6) were produced by selecting cells from an il-2-dependent culture of mixed peripheral blood lymphocytes infected with fiv. the new cell lines have been stable for over 1 year and spontaneously produce fiv with an average reverse transcriptase titer of 300,000 cpm/ml and an average sucrose gradient purified viral protein concentration of 1 mg/l. fiv produced from these cultures is highly inf ...19911657826
chronic oral infections of cats and their relationship to persistent oral carriage of feline calici-, immunodeficiency, or leukemia viruses.two hundred and twenty-six cats from the veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth), a cat shelter, and a purebred cattery were tested for chronic feline calicivirus (fcv), feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infections. chronic oral carriage of fcv was present in about one-fifth of the cats in each of the groups. fiv infection was not present in the purebred cattery, was moderately prevalent (8%) in the pet population of cats examined at the vmth for various co ...19911659031
simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses: animal lentivirus models for evaluation of aids vaccines and antiviral agents.infection of captive macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and domestic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), both discovered in the last five years, represent excellent animal models for infection of humans with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). protection against challenge infection and protection against development of simian and feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been achieved in each model by use of inactivated whole virus or virus-cell vaccines. a reco ...19911659310
identification of conserved and variable regions in the envelope glycoprotein sequences of two feline immunodeficiency viruses isolated in zurich, switzerland.the nucleotide sequences of the envelope (env) coding regions of two strains of the feline immunodeficiency virus isolated in zurich, switzerland (fivz1, fivz2) have been analysed. in addition, the complete sequence of the fivz1 isolate has been determined. comparisons have been made with the previously published sequences of three north american isolates (ppr and the petaluma strains fiv34tf10 and fiv14). the isolate fivz1 was very similar to the petaluma strains of fiv and may represent a clon ...19911660215
[epidemiology and clinical aspects of fiv infection in bavaria].in a comprehensive epidemiological study at the i. medizinische tierklinik at the ludwig-maximilians-university in munich within the last two years, the spread and frequency of fiv infection as well as the clinical symptoms of fiv positive cats were evaluated. 5129 serum samples from clinically healthy and ill cats were tested by means of an elisa test for antibodies to fiv. the infection is widespread in bavaria. 116 cats, that is 2.3%, were tested fiv positive. 77% of the fiv positive cats wer ...19911661917
experimental vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus.infection of domestic cats with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) represents an important veterinary health problem and a useful animal model for the development of vaccines against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). two experimental fiv vaccines have been developed; one consisting of fixed infected cells (vaccine 1), the other of inactivated whole virus (vaccine 2). after 4-6 immunizations over 2-5 months, both vaccines induced a strong fiv-specific immune response including neutr ...19911662057
clinical, hematologic, and survival data from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus: 42 cases (1983-1988).a retrospective study of stored feline serum samples was done to determine the infection rate of feline immunodeficiency virus in cats in central missouri. infected cats were compared with uninfected cats subjected to the same selection criteria on the basis of signalment, clinical signs, and cbc abnormalities. a significant incidence of virus infection was found in male cats. neither age nor breed predilection could be identified. infected cats were more likely to be anemic and leukopenic becau ...19911663102
cryptosporidium infection in cats: prevalence of infection in domestic and feral cats in the glasgow area.a clinical and post mortem survey of domestic and feral cats in the glasgow area revealed that 19 of 235 (8.1 per cent) were infected with cryptosporidium species. more kittens than adults were infected (p less than 0.01), and of 51 of the cats which had diarrhoea, four also had cryptosporidium infection. of seven domestic cats with cryptosporidium infection, two were also positive for feline immunodeficiency virus. there was no significant difference between the prevalence of cryptosporidium in ...19911664551
[t-helper and t-suppressor lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of spontaneously fiv-positive cats].reduced cd4(+)-t-helper-lymphocyte- and increased cd8(+)-t-suppressor-lymphocyte-subsets were found in peripheral blood of 47 fiv-seropositive cats with naturally acquired fiv-infection. the cd4+/cd8+ ratio was decreased, too. variance analysis of data included the variables reaction in fiv-test, age group, and race. similarities with hiv-infection were discussed.19911665602
panel report on the colloquium on feline leukemia virus/feline immunodeficiency virus: tests and vaccination. 19911666068
clinical overview of feline immunodeficiency virus. 19911666071
early events in the immunopathogenesis of feline retrovirus infections.feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are lymphotropic retroviruses that cause a wide range of diseases in domestic cats. although it is known that both viruses are capable of infecting t lymphocytes and that infected cats are lymphopenic, it was not known how infection with either virus might alter specific lymphocyte subpopulations. using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to feline lymphocyte subpopulations, we examined, by use of flow cytometric analysis, lymphocyte cha ...19911666073
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods for detection of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have been widely used for diagnosis of felv and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infections. various elisa kits for felv are available from several manufacturers. although these tests are configured in a variety of formats, they are all direct antigen-detection systems for the viral core protein p27. on the other hand, elisa for fiv exposure detects specific feline antibody to fiv. basic immunoassay principles and the application of elisa technology used in ...19911666077
use of western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation for diagnosis of feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus infections.the uses and limitations of the western blot (wb) and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) techniques for study of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and felv were evaluated. western blot analysis was used to detect antigenic relatedness between the 2 lentiviruses. using a rabbit serum directed against p26 of the equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) and anti-eiav horse serum obtained from an infected horse, cross-reactivity with p24 of fiv was revealed. cat sera obtained late after experiment ...19911666078
report of the national felv/fiv awareness project. 19911666080
hematologic abnormalities in cats seropositive for feline immunodeficiency virus. 19911666081
neoplasia associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of southern california.between 1988 and 1991, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection status was evaluated in 1,160 cats examined at an oncology referral and general practice in los angeles, california. twenty-nine (2.5%) cats were fiv positive. neoplasia was present in 18 of the 29 (62%) cats. sampling for neoplasia was intentionally biased in the oncology referral group. however, 33% (6/18) of fiv-infected cats with neoplasia originated from the general practice. three neoplastic processes were observed; myelo ...19911666082
comparison of diagnostic methods for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. 19911666083
comparison and interpretation of diagnostic tests for feline immunodeficiency virus infection.feline sera were submitted to the cornell feline health center (n = 497) or to the new york state diagnostic laboratory (n = 1,565) for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) testing. some sera (n = 166) were submitted for confirmation of previous fiv-positive results; 151 of these sera had been tested at the referring veterinary practice or laboratory, using an in-house elisa. excluding the samples submitted for confirmation, a total of 173 samples (9.1%) were fiv-positive; 11.6% of the clinically ...19911666086
toward vaccination against feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infections. 19911666100
vaccination of cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus, using a recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine.a group of 15 cats experimentally infected with a swiss isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and a group of 15 fiv-negative control cats were inoculated with an felv vaccine containing recombinant felv-envelope. high elisa antibody titer developed after vaccination in fiv-positive and fiv-negative cats. vaccinated and nonvaccinated controls were later challenge exposed by intraperitoneal administration of virulent felv subtype a (glasgow). although 12 of 12 nonvaccinated controls becam ...19911666101
husbandry practices for cats infected with feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus.cats that are persistently infected with felv or feline immunodeficiency virus but are not manifesting clinical signs of disease are at risk for developing a wide variety of immunosuppressive, degenerative, or neoplastic diseases. infected cats should be isolated to prevent transmission of virus to healthy cats, and to protect infected cats from exposure to pathogens that can cause life-threatening secondary infections. iatrogenic transmission of virus from infected cats in isolation to healthy ...19911666106
low-dose orally administered alpha interferon treatment for feline leukemia virus infection. 19911666107
chemotherapy of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. 19911666108
prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in random-source cats.retroviral serologic profiles were generated for 506 random-source cats (felis catus) that were received by our facility during a twenty-month period. feline leukemia virus antigens were detected in plasma samples from 26 (5.1%) of the cats. antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus were present in 24 (4.7%) of the samples tested. a single cat (0.2%) was positive for both viruses. neither gender nor vendor correlation with retroviral seropositivity could be demonstrated.19911667194
cloning, expression and kinetic characterization of the feline immunodeficiency virus proteinase. 19911667452
immunodiagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection using recombinant viral p17 and p24.the coding sequences of p17 and p24 of the glasgow-8 strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and cloned into plasmid vectors. the predicted amino-acid sequences of fiv/glasgow-8 p17 and p24 were compared with those of the petaluma and ppr isolates of fiv. as seen with other retroviruses, these gag gene products are highly conserved, indicating that the protein products would be suitable antigens to detect anti-fiv antibodies in an immunoas ...19911667575
neurobiology of simian and feline immunodeficiency virus infections.experimental and clinical evidence indicates that all lentiviruses of animals and humans are neurotropic and potentially neurovirulent. the prototypic animal lentiviruses, visna virus in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus in goats have been known for decades to induce neurologic disease. more recently, infection of the brain with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been linked to an associated encephalopathy and cognitive/motor complex. while the visna virus and caprine arthri ...19911669709
acquired immune dysfunction in cats with experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection: comparison of short-term and long-term infections.specific pathogen-free domestic cats with experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infections of short duration (less than or equal to 10 months) exhibited depressed total leukocyte and neutrophil numbers and a marginally decreased lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen (pwm), while cats with infections of more lengthy duration (greater than or equal to 25 months) exhibited normal leukocyte and neutrophil numbers but a dramatic loss of responsiveness to both pwm ...19911671410
progressive immune dysfunction in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.within 6 months of infection with the petaluma isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus, specific-pathogen-free domestic cats exhibited a decrease in the percentage and number of circulating cd4+ lymphocytes and in the cd4+/cd8+ t-cell ratio, along with a marginally significant depression of pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. there was no loss of responsiveness to concanavalin a during this stage, and the cats were capable of mounting a satisfactory antibody response to ...19911673159
colloquium on feline leukemia virus/feline immunodeficiency virus: tests and vaccination. orlando, florida, march 1-3, 1991. 19911686876
productive infection of t-helper lymphocytes with feline immunodeficiency virus is accompanied by reduced expression of cd4.an antigen-specific feline t-lymphocyte cell line (q201) was generated and infected in vitro with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). syncytium formation and the release of the viral core protein p24 into culture fluid were accompanied by a reduction in expression of the cd4 surface antigen. the reduction in cd4 expression was transient, the resulting persistently infected population of cells expressing levels of cd4 comparable to those observed prior to infection. persistently infected cel ...19911687647
intracellular proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus and their antigenic relationship with equine infectious anaemia virus proteins.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) grown in cat lymphocyte and thymocyte cultures was labelled with l-[35s]methionine or [3h]glucosamine and virus-coded proteins were identified using immunoprecipitation. polypeptides with apparent mr values of 15k, 24k, 43k, 50k, 120k and 160k were detected. an additional polypeptide of 10k was detected by western blot analysis. the two highest mr species sometimes appeared as one band, of which only the 120k polypeptide was glycosylated. in the presence of tu ...19901690264
characterization of reverse transcriptase from feline immunodeficiency virus.reverse transcriptase has been purified from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) by deae-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. the purified enzyme consists of a single protein with a mr of 67,000. when proteolysis is not minimized during purification, a fragment of mr 54,000 is also observed. this is similar to the reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv), which consists of a polypeptide of mr 66,000; when proteolysis is not minimized during purification, a f ...19901690735
quantification of feline immunodeficiency virus in a newly established feline t-lymphoblastoid cell line (mya-1 cells).a quantitative method for analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) was established by the indirect immunofluorescence (if) test using mya-1 cells infected with the serially diluted viruses. when we compared this method with the reverse transcriptase (rt) activity assay, the quantitative analysis by the indirect if test was more sensitive than that by rt activity assay. the relationship between tcid50 measured by the indirect if test and rt activity was linear. however, the rt activity ass ...19901693845
comparison of two host cell range variants of feline immunodeficiency virus.two molecular clones of feline immunodeficiency virus were compared. the first clone, 34tf10, was from a petaluma, calif., isolate; the second, ppr, was isolated from a cat in the san diego, calif., area. the cats from which the isolates were obtained suffered from chronic debilitating illnesses. the two molecular clones differed in their in vitro host cell range. the 34tf10 clone infected the crandall feline kidney and g355-5 cell lines, but replicated less efficiently on feline peripheral bloo ...19901697907
in vitro replication and cytopathogenicity of the feline immunodeficiency virus for feline t4 thymic lymphoma 3201 cells.cytotoxic feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection was established in feline t4 thymic lymphoma 3201 cells with the petaluma isolate of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv-petaluma). mg2(+)-dependent, reverse transcriptase (mg2+ rt) activity and fiv p24/28-positive cells were evident beginning at 18 days postinoculation (dpi). cell death was observed beginning at 22 dpi, with a maximum of 40% dead (trypan blue dye exclusion at 26 dpi). this cytocidal change was not observed in cultured c ...19901699355
direct comparisons of inhibitor sensitivities of reverse transcriptases from feline and human immunodeficiency viruses.the sensitivities of reverse transcriptases (rts) from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) were directly compared. the two enzymes had similar sensitivities to three analogs of dttp, namely, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, 2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, and 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine 5'-triphosphate. each of these analogs demonstrated competitive inhibition of both enzymes. ki values for inhibition of fiv rt by these ...19901699491
feline immunodeficiency virus infects both cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes.monoclonal populations of feline t cells, derived from a specific-pathogen-free cat and expressing either the cd4 or cd8 surface antigen, were infected in vitro with two geographically distinct isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). both infected t-cell subsets exhibited decreased cell viability, expressed fiv-encoded proteins, and generated reverse transcriptase activity. all clones examined retained their original surface phenotype after infection. it appears, therefore, that both cd ...19911709703
hp 0.35, a cephalosporin degradation product is a specific inhibitor of lentiviral rnases h.penicillins, cephalosporins and other betalactam antibiotics are widely used antibacterial drugs. recently it was found that some of them also have effects on proliferating eukaryotic cells (neftel, k.a. and hübscher, u. (1987) antimicrob. agents chemother. 31, 1657-1661), and one such effect was shown to be the inhibition of dna polymerase alpha (huynh do,u., neftel, k.a., spadari, s. and hübscher, u. (1987) nucl. acids res. 15, 10495-10506). the data suggested that degradation products of beta ...19911714562
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that potently and specifically block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.certain bis(heteroaryl)piperazines (bhaps) are potent inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase (rt) at concentrations lower by 2-4 orders of magnitude than that which inhibits normal cellular dna polymerase activity. combination of a bhap with nucleoside analog hiv-1 rt inhibitors suggested that together these compounds inhibited rt synergistically. in three human lymphocytic cell systems using several laboratory and clinical hiv-1 isolates, the bhaps b ...19911717988
general principles of retrovirus immunodetection tests.because infecting retroviruses contain protein and glycoprotein antigenic determinants that can be readily distinguished from host cell determinants, the development of immunologic detection systems, immunodetection tests, or immunoassays capable of identifying antigens of some retroviruses (oncoretroviruses) in blood, body fluids, or cells is possible. conversely, detection of antibodies produced by animals against some infecting retroviruses can also be used to identify current infections of l ...19911724772
antibody response to reverse transcriptase in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.the antibody response in cats to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) reverse transcriptase (rt) was followed for 3 years. eight of the nine cats used in this study produced reverse transcriptase-inhibiting (rti) antibodies. relative inhibitory means of 2.9%, 18.4%, 33%, and 47% were found 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, after infection with fiv. the enzyme activity was suppressed by greater than or equal to 78% with the use of 100 micrograms of fiv-associated igg. the rti antibodies were ...19911726399
some viral and protozool diseases in the european wildcat (felis silvestris).ten european wildcats (felis silvestris) were examined at necropsy and an additional 23 were examined clinically for evidence of viral diseases in scotland. two plasma samples taken from live free-living wildcats showed positive elisa reactions to feline leukemia antigen. a feline leukemia virus of subgroup a was isolated from one of these samples, taken from a wildcat in north-western scotland. no antibodies to feline coronavirus or feline immunodeficiency virus were detected in any sample. thr ...19911758037
mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.we selected 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt)-resistant mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in a cat cell culture system. the characterization of one of these mutants was facilitated by the development of a focal immunoassay which could accurately measure fiv infectivity. this assay was used to quantitate the susceptibility of fiv to various inhibitors. the azt-resistant mutant was found to be cross-resistant to 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine but rema ...19911845891
processing of the glycoprotein of feline immunodeficiency virus: effect of inhibitors of glycosylation.the processing and transport of the envelope glycoprotein complex of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in the persistently infected crandell feline kidney (crfk) cell line were investigated. pulse-chase analyses revealed that the glycoprotein is synthesized as a precursor with an mr of 145,000 (gp145) and is quickly trimmed to a molecule with an mr of 130,000 (gp130). treatment of gp130 with endoglycosidase h (endo h) resulted in a protein with an mr of 75,000, indicating that nearly half the ...19911847441
molecular cloning of a novel isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus biologically and genetically different from the original u.s. isolate.the japanese isolate (tm1 strain) of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) which replicates in a feline cd4 (fcd4)-positive lymphoblastoid cell line (mya-1 cells) was molecularly cloned from extrachromosomal closed circular dna. the restriction map of the clone, termed pftm 191 complete genome (cg), showed a considerable difference from that of the u.s. isolate (petaluma strain) of fiv. the sequence homology in the long terminal repeat between the tm1 and petaluma strain was 82%. the pftm 191 cg w ...19911847473
minister outlines effects of feline aids. 19911848380
characterization of two monoclonal antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus gag gene products and their application in an assay to evaluate neutralizing antibody activity.monoclonal antibodies (mabs) 3b7 and 1c11 were produced against the gag gene products of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). these mabs reacted strongly with fiv p24 in western blots (immunoblots) and recognized p50 with a lower intensity. they specifically bound antigens in the cytoplasm of fiv-infected cells as determined by indirect immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. although neither mab inhibited viral replication in vitro, they were useful in a simple assay for the detection and q ...19911848596
national felv/fiv awareness project. 19911852082
cytologic, microbiologic, and biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from 24 healthy cats.twenty-four healthy cats underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage to determine the normal cytologic environment of the lower respiratory tract of cats. initial screening to ensure the health of the study population included complete histories, physical examinations, thoracic radiography, cbc, serologic tests for feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and occult heartworm, and sugar and baermann fecal flotation. in 18 cats, protected catheter brush samples of airway secret ...19911928912
therapy of presymptomatic felv-induced immunodeficiency syndrome with azt in combination with alpha interferon.azt inhibited replication of an immunodeficiency-inducing strain of feline leukemia virus (felv-faids) in vitro at concentrations as low as 0.005 microgram/ml. this antiviral activity was augmented an additional 25-30% when azt was combined with human recombinant alpha-interferon (2b) (ifn alpha). administration of azt alone or in combination with ifn alpha, beginning at the time of exposure to a 100% persistent viremia-inducing dose of felv-faids, abrogated the progression of viral infection an ...19901964030
feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in the cat as a model for hiv infection in man: fiv-induced impairment of immune function.to assess the value of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in man, we studied the impairment of certain immunological functions following natural or experimental fiv infection. proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from symptomatic and asymptomatic cats after naturally or experimentally acquired fiv infection, induced by activation with the mitogens concanavalin a, pokeweed mitogen, or lipopolysa ...19901964059
a serologic survey of oklahoma cats for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus, coronavirus, and toxoplasma gondii and for antigen to feline leukemia virus.a serologic survey was done on 618 cat sera submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory between july 1, 1987 and june 30, 1988. the samples were collected from clinically normal and sick cats. the sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus by a commercial immunoassay, to a coronavirus by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and to toxoplasma gondii by a commercial latex agglutination test and for the presence of feline leukemia virus ant ...19901965583
distribution of mhc class ii antigens in feline tissues and peripheral blood.a new monoclonal antibody raised against gradient-purified feline immunodeficiency virus was found to recognize a bimolecular complex, comprising 27-29 kd and 32-35 kd subunits, on feline peripheral blood lymphocytes. immunoperoxidase staining of feline tissues with this antibody, designated 43.2h2, demonstrated a reactivity pattern similar to that described for mhc ii antigens of the dog, horse, and pig, but differed from human and mouse in having staining of t-cell zones in spleen and lymph no ...19901965618
feline immunodeficiency virus as a model for aids vaccination. 19901967108
lymphocyte subset alterations and viral determinants of immunodeficiency disease induction by the feline leukemia virus felv-faids.the felv-faids strain of feline leukemia virus consistently induces fatal immunodeficiency. to investigate the immunopathogenesis and viral genetic determinants responsible for the induction of immunodeficiency disease in vivo, we have generated chimeras between the two major viral genomes in the original virus isolate, designated common form clone 61e and major variant clone 61c, which were molecularly cloned directly from dna of the same animal and tissue. each of three 61e/c chimeras, contain ...19901976822
immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.blood mononuclear cells from 47 cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were examined by using monoclonal antibodies directed against feline cd4 and cd8 homologs, a pan-t-cell antigen, and cell surface immunoglobulin. significant inversion of the cd4+/cd8+ t-cell ratio was observed only in cats that were infected for 18 months or more. this inversion was associated with a decrease in the absolute numbers of cd4+ t cells and a concomitant increase in cd8+ cells. howe ...19901976826
[diffuse interstitial pneumopathies caused by lentivirus (hiv-1) in humans and animals].lentiviruses belong to the retroviruses family (ie rna viruses with reverse transcriptase activity); they induce inflammatory and/or degenerative slowly progressive diseases, affecting various organs. some lentiviruses preferentially infect lymphocytes (hiv-1 and hiv-2, siv and fiv) and are associated with infectious and tumoral disorders. most lentiviruses induce a pulmonary disease, typically diffuse interstitial pneumonia. the visna/maedi-virus of sheep infects monocyte macrophage cells and t ...19901980153
asymptomatic feline leukemia virus carrier cats have an enhanced susceptibility to feline immunodeficiency virus-induced disease. 19901980900
lymphocyte population changes in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is associated with feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (faids) and has been suggested as a model for hiv-induced human aids. the most obvious immunological defect in hiv infection is a reduction in cd4+ cell numbers and an inversion of the cd4:cd8 ratio. to determine whether the same is true in fiv infection, we analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to feline lymphocyte populations the cd4:cd8 ratios in cats naturally infected ...19901982410
9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) effectively inhibits retrovirus replication in vitro and simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus monkeys.9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the in vitro replication of a number of retroviruses, including hiv-1 and hiv-2, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), simian aids-related virus (srv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and moloney murine sarcoma virus (msv). pmea causes a dose-dependent suppression of the induction of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies in siv mac-infected rhesus monkeys. complete suppression of anti-sivmacgp120 antibodies was achieved i ...19912059358
severe neutropenia associated with griseofulvin therapy in cats with feline immunodeficiency virus infection.griseofulvin administration was associated with the development of absolute neutropenia in six of seven (86%) cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection. the neutropenia was severe (less than 400 neutrophils/microliter) in four of the six affected cats, and one cat died from sepsis. neutrophil counts returned to baseline values within 15 days after drug withdrawal in all surviving cats. no symptoms or hematologic abnormalities were observed in four normal (fiv-seronegative) cats tre ...19902074557
serological survey of the iriomote cat (felis iriomotensis) in japan.the iriomote cat (felis iriomotensis) was first discovered on iriomote island in the yaeyama islands of japan in 1965. ten male and 11 female adult cats were captured during the 6 yr period from 1983 to 1988. these were examined for evidence of viral and mycoplasmal infections. neither mycoplasma sp. nor ureaplasma sp. were detected in swab samples of oropharyngeal and urogenital regions. a foamy virus was isolated from the oropharyngeal swab of a female cat examined in 1988. feline leukemia vir ...19902110982
feline leukemia virus infection as a potentiating cofactor for the primary and secondary stages of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection.preexistent feline leukemia virus (felv) infection greatly potentiated the severity of the transient primary and chronic secondary stages of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection. of 10 felv-fiv carrier cats, 5 died of experimentally induced fiv infection, compared with 2 deaths in 10 cats infected only with felv and 1 death in 7 cats infected only with fiv. fiv-infected cats with preexistent felv infections developed severe depression, anorexia, fever, diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss ...19902153226
myelitis in a cat infected with toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus.severe necrotizing myelitis secondary to localization and reactivation of toxoplasma gondii within the spinal cord of a domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed by use of light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. the cat also was infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. this case may have useful comparative features to t gondii infections in human patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.19902153650
biochemical and immunological characterization of the major structural proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus.feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) structural proteins were identified using sera obtained from experimentally inoculated cats. proteins analysed by both radioimmunoprecipitation and western blotting were specific for fiv infection and failed to cross-react with either antisera to feline leukaemia virus of feline syncytium-forming virus. western blot analysis of purified virus revealed immunoreactive proteins with apparent mr of 65k, 50k, 40k, 32k, 24k, 15k and 10k. the major core structural pr ...19902156003
suppression of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in vivo by 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine.the acyclic purine nucleoside analogue 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine [pmea; formerly referred to as 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine] is a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro and of moloney murine sarcoma virus-induced tumor formation in mice. in the latter system pmea has stronger antiretroviral potency and selectivity than 3'-azido-3'-thymidine (azt). we have now investigated the effect of the drug in cats infected with the feline immunod ...19902158102
intraocular disease associated with feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats. 19902158494
feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections and their relationships to lymphoid malignancies in cats: a retrospective study (1968-1988).sera from 353 cats with naturally occurring feline leukemia virus (felv) infection were collected in boston, los angeles, new york city, and seattle between 1968 and 1988. these sera were retrospectively assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). fifty-one (14.4%) of the felv-positive sera had antibodies to fiv, indicating dual oncovirus and lentivirus infections. fiv infections were confirmed by western blot analysis, antibodies against t ...19902159993
retrospective serosurvey for feline immunodeficiency virus infection in japanese cats. 19902161480
serological responses of cats to feline immunodeficiency virus.the proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were identified by sodium dodecylsulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and immunoblotting. purified [35s]methionine/cysteine-labelled virus contained proteins of mr 120, 24, 17, and 10kd, of which the most prominent were p24 and p17, and minor components of 62, 54, 52, 41 and 32kd. sera from fiv-infected cats precipitated two glycoproteins (gp) of mr 120kd (gp120) and 41kd (gp41) from lysates of [14c]glucosamine-labelled infec ...19902161670
immunoassay for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus core antigen.the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a recently identified feline lentivirus that has been found at significant levels in domestic cat populations worldwide. a microdilution plate format, monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of the fiv group-associated antigen (gag) designated p24. assays of serially diluted samples containing disrupted virus showed that the assay had a sensitivity limit of approximately 0.2 ng/ml for fiv p24. the assa ...19902161869
feline immunodeficiency virus: a neurotropic lentivirus.we have investigated the neurotropism of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in naturally and experimentally infected cats. antibodies to fiv were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 9 of 10 naturally infected cats, and the virus was cultured from the csf of 5 of 9 of these cats. after experimental intrathecal or intra-bone-marrow inoculation, fiv antibodies were detected in csf, as were csf pleocytosis, increased igg concentration, and elevated csf igg index. brain lesions consisting o ...19902161920
epizootiologic association between feline immunodeficiency virus infection and feline leukemia virus seropositivity.five hundred twenty-one feline serum samples submitted to the texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory between nov 1, 1988, and jan 31, 1989 were tested for antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) by use of an elisa. the prevalence of fiv infection in this population was 11.3% (95% confidence interval: 8.6 to 14.0%). serologic test results for felv were available for 156 of the 521 cats. a significant (p = 0.008) association between fiv infection and felv seropositivity was observe ...19902166726
altered mitogen response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in different stages of feline immunodeficiency virus infection.to elucidate relationship between disease progress and immunologic alteration in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, we classified naturally infected cats into clinical stage groups using the working criteria modified from those for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. among the five distinct stages described for hiv infection, the three phases; asymptomatic carrier (ac), aids related complex (arc), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), were evaluated for concanavali ...19902166850
decrease in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.the blastformation tests using concanavalin a and pokeweed mitogen were carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the infected cats included those showing multiple chronic disease, those with a single mild sign, and one with no clinical sign. the infected cats showed significantly lower mitogenic responses of peripheral lymphocytes to both mitogens and lower lymphocyte counts as compared to uninfected healthy cats. these imm ...19902166852
clinical staging of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. 19902166854
[feline immunodeficiency virus in switzerland: clinical aspects and epidemiology in comparison with feline leukemia virus and coronaviruses].serum samples from 1421 domestic cats (561 healthy, 860 sick) were tested for fiv-, felv- and coronavirus infection. the results were stored in a computer data base and compared with epidemiologic data and clinical findings. all 3 infections were significantly more prevalent in sick than healthy cats: fiv was found in 0.7% of healthy and 3.4% of sick cats. for felv the prevalence was 3.0% and 13.0% and for coronavirus 21% and 36.2%, respectively. fiv-infected cats were mostly male (73%); no sex ...19902167513
existence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in japanese cat population since 1968. 19902168001
feline immunodeficiency virus: prevalence, disease associations and isolation.of 467 cat serums tested for antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) 120 (26%) were positive. the average age of positive cats was 7.5 years (range 1 to 16 years), and 67% were male. of 110 serums collected in 1980, 27 (24.5%) were positive. a wide variety of clinical signs including oral cavity disease, anorexia, weight loss, lethargy, depression, fever, respiratory and urinary tract disease, conjunctivitis, abscesses, anaemia and lymphadenopathy were observed in the cats with serum ant ...19902168164
feline retroviruses: a brief review.representatives of all three retrovirus subfamilies are recognized in the cat: feline leukaemia virus (an oncovirus), feline syncytium-forming virus (a spumavirus) and feline immunodeficiency virus (a lentivirus). each of these is briefly reviewed.19902169669
selection against cpg dinucleotides in lentiviral genes: a possible role of methylation in regulation of viral expression.extremely low frequencies of cpg dinucleotides are found in the genomes of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses, including the human, simian and feline immunodeficiency viruses (hiv1, hiv2, siv, and fiv, respectively), equine infectious anemia virus (eiav), and the ovine lentivirus, visna. the occurrence of cpg dinucleotides is greater in the 2-3 (ncg) than in the 1-2 (cgn) codon-defined frame, as well as in the gag and env genes, compared to the more conserved pol gene. these differences su ...19902170945
feline immunodeficiency virus. 19902171478
feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus, toxoplasma gondii, and intestinal parasitic infections in taiwanese cats.a population consisting of 70 breeder cats, 43 clinical cases, and 16 feral cats was examined for the presence of toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukaemia virus (felv). no oocysts of t. gondii were observed in 96 faecal samples; faecal samples were not available from the feral cats. other intestinal parasites identified included isospora felis (three cats), isospora rivolta (five), dipylidium canium (two), toxocara cati (four), toxascaris leonina (one), and an ...19902171713
suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis to mitogens in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus.lymphocytes from normal cats or cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or concanavalin a. lymphocytes from infected cats had lower responses than those from uninfected cats. these results support the hypothesis that fiv induces immunosuppression.19902175530
prevalence of antibody to hantavirus in some cat populations in britain. 19902177930
feline retrovirus infections. 19902178110
vaccination against feline retroviruses. 19902178114
an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antigen in cell culture and fiv specific antibodies in feline serum.recently, a newly discovered lentivirus--feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)--was identified as the cause of an aids-like syndrome in the cat. for the detection of fiv antigen in cell culture, an antigen capture elisa was developed. in this assay fiv specific igg was used as a capture antibody and the same preparation coupled to biotine as a conjugate. with this test viral antigen could be demonstrated in fiv infected cell cultures within four days after infection and the assay proved to be at l ...19902178115
virus quantification by immunofluorescence of cells grown in agar.we have developed a method for assessing the number of infectious viral particles by measuring what we call fluorescence initiating units (fiv). the present work has been done with hiv, but the methods should be applicable to other viruses as well. briefly described, cells are mixed with virus and then cast in an agar gel to block further transfer of virus. after a period of incubation sufficient to allow infected cells to express virus antigens, the percentage of infected cells is determined by ...19902282989
studies with canine sera that contain antibodies which recognize human immunodeficiency virus structural proteins.in a serological survey, using the immunoblotting technique, we found that substantial numbers of dog sera from both normal and diseased dogs, including dogs with neoplasia, reacted with one or more human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) recombinant proteins. a total of 144 dog sera were tested, and 72 (50%) of them reacted with one or more hiv recombinant structural proteins. ten dog sera were also tested for reactivity with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), ...19902386966
continuous production of feline immunodeficiency virus in a feline t-lymphoblastoid cell line (mya-1 cells). 19902391790
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