Publications

[piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in reindeer].		1976	997234
the caribou eskimo: general and specific disease.	reported here are two forms of skeletal pathology identified in an inclusive sample of caribou eskimo skeletons. harris lines, nonspecific indicators of stress, show marked periodicity in approximately one-half of the observable adults. this pattern is interpreted as the result of a recurrent, annual stress cycle, perhaps attributable to late winter famine. a second form of pathological change comprises resorptive lesions primarily localized in the spinal column and infrequently found on articul ...	1976	998764
the occurrence of cyanide in certain smoked meat products.	fifteen samples of smoked reindeer meat, two samples of smoked mutton from iceland and five samples of smoked salamitype fermented sausage were analysed for their cyanide (cn) content by a steam distillation method. the mean cyanide content of the smoked reindeer meat was found to be 1.38 +/- 1.01 mg ch/kg, range 0.27--4.27 mg/kg. the two smoked mutton samples, contained 1.93 and 1.78 mg cn/kg and the mean cyanide content of the five salami samples was found to be 0.19 +/- 0.13 mg ch/kg, range 0 ...	1976	1012915
the question of diseases caused by echinococcus granulosus and alveococcus multilocularis on the taimyr peninsula.		1976	1014668
pasteurellosis in reindeer in northern norway. a contribution of its epidemiology.		1976	1015481
[fatty acid makeup of the fat of reindeer].		1976	1021999
topography of internal organs of reindeer (rangifer tarandus). topographic anatomy applied in the hunting of reindeer.		1975	1062160
phenoxy herbicide residues in swedish fish and wildlife.		1975	1063637
prospects for reindeer husbandry based on grass and silage feeding.		1976	1065207
environmental radioactivity in greenland in 1974.	measurements of fall-out radioactivity in greenland in 1974 are reported. strontium-90 (and caesium-137 in most cases) was determined in samples of precipitation, sea water, vegetation, animals, and drinking water. estimates are given of the mean contents of 90sr and 137cs in the human diet in greenland in 1974. three greenlanders were measured by wholebody counting.	1975	1083058
some diseases of free-living wildlife.		1975	1108621
further observations on rangiferine brucellosis in alaskan carnivores.	antibodies against rangiferine brucellosis, brucella suis type 4, are commonly found in the serum of various domestic and wild alaskian carnivores which feed on caribou, rangifer tarandus granti, arctic alaska. sled dogs from five native villages on the range of the artic caribou herd, but not from two villages on the the range of the porcupine caribou herd, are commonly infected. wolves (canis lupus) and red foxes (vulpes fulva) are less commonly infected. about 90% of the grizzly bears (ursus ...	1975	1113440
seasonal and nutritional effects on serum proteins and urea concentration in the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.).	1. the effects of seasonal conditions and nutrition on serum proteins and serum urea concentrations were studied in female reindeer and reindeer calves in finland. with the exception of one group in winter, the reindeer were roaming wild in the forests. this one group was kept in captivity, out of doors, on a comparatively high nutritional plane. one group lived wild during the winter in very poor nutritional conditions. 2. a very clear seasonal variation in the serum protein and urea concentrat ...	1975	1115752
an all-weather reindeer locator system.		1975	1125874
giant cell reaction against the laminated membrane of echinococcus cysts in reindeer lungs.		1975	1136903
evolution of mammalian pancreatic ribonucleases.		1975	1137724
deposition, retention and internal distribution of 155eu, 144ce, 125sb, 106ru, 95zr, 54mn and 7be in the reindeer lichen cladonia alpestris, 1961-1970.		1975	1150461
fall-out plutonium in swedish reindeer lichens.		1975	1150462
[the calf mortality of the angeså reindeer herd (author's transl)].	the heavy losses of reindeer calves in the angeså forest herd and their seasonal occurrence are discussed on basis of the results obtained from the tables. the management, productivity and breeding conditions of this herd are estimated to be, for the most part the same as in other forest herds. the calf losses in the angeså herd are high, during some years very high, while the reproductivity rate is comparable to that of the caribou. the extensive form of management makes it impossible to clarif ...	1975	1153276
the amino acid sequences of reindeer, moose and fallow deer pancreatic ribonucleases.		1975	1157925
a comparative study of the intestinal anatomy of deer.	the intestinal anatomy of fallow deer (dama dama), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), reindeer (rangifer tarandus), and elk (alces alces) was studied. special attention was given to the spiral loop of the ascending colon and the proportional length of the small and large intestines. the spiral loop of the ascending colon is wound 3-3 1/2 turns in the fallow deer, 2-3 turns in the white-tailed deer, 5 1/2-7 turns in the reindeer and 3-4 turns in the elk. the distal half of the last centr ...	1975	1163814
137 cs in the reindeer lichen cladonia alpestris: deposition, retention and internal distribution, 1961-1970.		1975	1167539
experimental elaphostrongylus rangiferi infection in calves and lambs.	in two lambs and two calves infected experimentally with infective larvae of elaphostrongylus rangiferi, lymphohistiocytic and eosinophilic cell infiltrations in the leptomeninges and lymphohistiocytic granulomas in the perineurium of the cauda equina of the cns were demonstrated. these histopathological changes are similar to the lesions usually demonstrated in reindeer with elaphostrongylosis. no parasites were found, however, in the cns or other organs.	1975	1170553
species specificity in thermostable and ethanol insoluble tissue antigens. i. immunization of rabbits and goats with bovine antigen.		1975	1180187
a technique for the description of projections of internal organs onto the exposed surface of animals.		1975	1180189
[serological studies of cestode cysts. p1 blood-group activity in cysts of zoo animals].	the cyst fluid of cestodes from various animals kept in zoological gardens was examined for the presence of a-, b-, h- and p1-blood group activity. while the results in the abh-system were negative, the cysts from 2 of 13 animals examined (1 elk and 1 reindeer) presented p1-blood group activity.	1975	1193483
[parasites in reindeer calves--faeces examination (author's transl)].		1975	1202425
[parasitic granulomas in reindeer. a histopathological, parasitological and bacteriological study (author's transl)].		1975	1202426
mosquito-borne viruses in finland.	inkoo virus, the finnish representative of the california group, was isolated from a pool of aedes communis/punctor. it is distinguishable from tahyna, california encephalitis, trivittatus and melao viruses, but seems to be antigenically related to the jamestown canyon virus. the prevalence of inkoo antibodies increases towards the north in both human beings (16% to 69%) and cows (37% to 88%). inkoo antibodies are common also in other mammals of large size (reindeer, moose, foxes), less frequent ...	1975	1207184
[toxic action of famofos on reindeer].		1975	1209943
[amino acid composition of meat proteins in the arctic reindeer].	investigations have shown the proteins of the arctic venison to be of a high biological standard, since they contain all the essential amino acids. all the amino acids, except for tryptophan, were assayed with an automatic analyser, model hd-1200e, by following the generally accepted procedure afer an acid hydrolysis. tryptophan was assayed after alkaline hydrolysis. a total of 17 amino acids were determined in the raw and cooked meat. the content of essential amino acids is as great as 50.7 per ...	1975	1210218
renal excretion of urea in reindeer. effect of nutrition.		1975	1211328
[diagnostic effectiveness of the indirect hemagglutination reaction and the antibody neutralization reaction in brucellosis].		1975	1216654
[from the practice of obstetrics, gynecology and artificial insemination].		1975	1216674
[possibility of the pharmacological regulation of homeostasis using rantarin fm in the surgical treatment of oncological patients].		1975	1228318
radiocesium kinetics in arctic carnivores.		1976	1245429
glucose metabolism in lactating reindeer.		1976	1253011
gas-liquid chromatographic determination of famphur and its oxygen analog in tissues of reindeer and cattle.	a gas chromatography equipped with a flame photometric detector operating in the phosphorus mode provided a sensitive method for determining residues of famphur, o,o-dimethyl o-[p-(dimethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]phosphorothioate, and its oxygen analog in reindeer and cattle tissues. with extraction and cleanup, 0.025 ppm famphur and 0.06 ppm oxygen analog could be detected in the body tissues. recoveries of 73-100% were obtained from fat, muscle, liver, and kidney.	1976	1254545
brucellosis as a world problem.	brucellosis is one of the most widespread and economically the most ravaging of zoonoses. the occurrence of the acute, often incapacitating infection in man caused by brucella melitensis usually coincides with occurrence of the infection in sheep and goats. well-known foci of this infection have been identified in the mediterranean basin, central asia and latin america. recent investigations in parts of africa and india have shown that the infection is much more widespread than was previously su ...	1976	1261753
famphur and its oxygen analogue: residues in the body tissues of reindeer.		1976	1262588
isolation of neisseria ovis and a colesiota conjunctivae-like organism from cases of kerato-conjunctivitis in reindeer in northern norway.		1976	1266683
[genetic polymorphism of the serum transferrins of the northern reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.) of northwestern siberia].	on the basis of the examination of random samples of seven populations of reindeer inhabiting the montane-taiga zone and of nine population inhabiting the tundra zone of the magadan region 8 alleles of transferrin locus described earlier (tfa, tfc, tfe, tfg, tfh, tfj, tfk and tfm) were identified and the ninth hitherto unknown allele (tfn) was discovered. gene concentrations of all these alleles in populations studies were determined. the reindeer of the north-east of siberia differ in frequenci ...	1976	1269923
haematological values for the finnish reindeer.	red blood cell counts, haemoglobin, packed cell volumes and total and differential leucocyte counts as well as e-mchc, e-mch, e-mcv values and the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes are described for the finnish reindeer. the samples were taken in early autumn from 52 reindeer of varying ages.	1976	1276483
prevention of accidents in reindeer herding work.	in the northern part of finland we have about 450,000 reindeer and their raising gives work to about 3,500 reindeer herders. in this study data on the occupational accidents of herders were collected by two questionnaires with an interval of 2 years. based on the surveys of accident risks in various work phases 34 preventive measures were developed and information about them was passed on to the herders between the questionnaires. most of the accidents occurred in the late autumn during slaughte ...	1992	1285820
[the biological aspects of botfly invasions in reindeer].	field and laboratory studies established the development time of all the phases of oedemagena tarandi and cephenemyia trompe in different climatic zones of their habitat. the phenological and ecological features of o. tarandi and c. trompe in the aforesaid zones were identified which are the basis for scientifically grounded prophylactic measures. data on potential and actual fecundity make it possible to calculate their reproduction potential and to forecast the invasion intensity of the reinde ...	1992	1301804
[development of the larvae inside the body of the itch mites sarcoptes scabiei (l.) (sarcoptidae) and the ontogenetic level of eclosion in mites of the order acariformes].	several larvae-containing females of sarcoptes have been found in skin biopsy of heavily infected rangifer tarandas l. a. viviparity hypothesis is disproved. the larvae in the body of egg-containing dead females of the human sarcoptes were obtained by incubation in the suspended water drop. embryogenesis types as well as eclosion stage in acariformes are discussed. the term "postmortal pregnancy" is proposed.	1992	1302517
cadmium, metallothionein and renal tubular toxicity.	cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity develops at cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex of 10-300 micrograms/g wet weight. the actual concentration at which it develops depends on a number of factors, e.g., exposure route, chemical species of cadmium administered, rate of administration and simultaneous exposure to other metals. the role of these factors can be explained by a mechanism of cadmium nephrotoxicity in which both extracellular and intracellular metallothionein binding play an essential ...	1992	1303954
assessment of health risks from fallout radiocesium in a hunting and food-gathering society.	hunting and food-gathering societies are particularly vulnerable to the effects of fallout, since these people are often at the head of natural food chains which can bioaccumulate toxic substances. this paper describes a study on the effects of fallout radiocesium in caribou consumers of northern canada. portable whole body counting equipment was transported into five arctic communities in 1989-90 and used to measure radiocesium body burdens in over 1100 people. the results were compared with a ...	1992	1305980
[the effect of a preparation isolated from reindeer spleen on the survivability of mice at low temperatures].		1992	1307050
the interplay of temperature and protons in the modulation of oxygen binding by squid blood.	an extensive set of data relating to the binding of oxygen by haemocyanin from the squid todarodes sagittatus has been collected under various experimental conditions. the results obtained show that, within the range of physiological ph, the concentration of protons affects mainly the high-affinity state of the molecule without significantly affecting the low-affinity state. as far as the effect of temperature is concerned, the data show a characteristic feature which is very similar to that pre ...	1992	1311173
comparison of herpesviruses isolated from reindeer, goats, and cattle by restriction endonuclease analysis.	a genomic comparison of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), caprine herpesvirus (chv-2) and reindeer herpesvirus (rhv), was performed using 5 restriction endonucleases. cross neutralization of these three herpesviruses showed that bhv-1 and chv-2 had a relatively low degree of cross reaction with heterologous viruses. rhv showed a higher degree of such cross reactivity. the restriction endonuclease analyses showed that the migration patterns of the dna segments were different for the three groups of h ...	1992	1314052
spectroscopic properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous man, horse, and ruminant hemoglobins: a comparative study.	the spectroscopic (epr and absorbance) properties of the nitric oxide derivative of ferrous man, horse, buffalo, deer, mouflon, musk ox, ox, and reindeer hemoglobin (hbno) have been investigated in the absence of any allosteric effector at ph 6.5 (in 0.1 m 2-[n-morpholino]ethanesulphonic acid/naoh chloride-free buffer system), as well as at 100 k and/or 20 degrees c. man and horse hbno show spectroscopic properties that are generally taken as typical of the high affinity state of ferrous tetrame ...	1992	1316949
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to cervine herpesvirus-1.	fourteen hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mab) to cervine herpesvirus-1 (cerhv-1) produced following the fusion of nso myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice previously immunized with gradient purified cerhv-1 were selected using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing cerhv-1 antigen and tested by the elisa against four other ruminant alphaherpesviruses from cattle (bovine herpesvirus type 1.1 and 1.2) goat (caprine herpesvirus-2) and reindeer ...	1992	1333671
distribution and vasomotor effects of neuropeptides in angular oculi and facial veins of reindeer.	1. the vasomotor responses to neuropeptides of the angular oculi and facial veins of reindeer were examined in vitro and correlated with the neuropeptide distribution in the perivascular nerves, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. 2. nerves displaying calcitonin gene related peptide (cgrp)- or neuropeptide y (npy)-like immunoreactivity (-li) were observed in the media of both veins, while very few fibers were immunoreactive to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) or substance p (sp) in e ...	1992	1348461
localization, cellular morphology and respiratory capacity of "brown" adipose tissue in newborn reindeer.	1. the localization and cellular morphology of adipose tissue was studied by light, fluorescence and electron microscopy in reindeer between 2 weeks pre partum and 4.5 months post partum during calving, and the subsequent growth period. the respiratory capacity of the adipose tissue was examined in terms of morphometric mitochondrial volume and cytochrome-c oxidase or succinate dehydrogenase activity. 2. adipose tissue was located at specific anatomical sites in the newborn reindeer (from 0 to 2 ...	1992	1348462
blood chemistry of reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus) during the winter season.	1. blood characteristics of reindeer calves fed on lichens were studied during the winter. 2. the serum total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations decreased during the winter, obviously partly due to protein deficiency in the diet. 3. high urea levels in autumn and midwinter were possibly reflections of increased stress and/or protein catabolism. 4. marked lipolysis occurred in late winter, and thus increases were observed in fatty acids, glycerol, triglycerides and acetoacetate concentr ...	1992	1351815
arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination.	limited data have been collected on the presence of contaminants in the arctic terrestrial ecosystem, with the exception of radioactive fallout from atmospheric weapons testing. although southern and temperate biological systems have largely cleansed themselves of radioactive fallout deposited during the 1950s and 1960s, arctic environments have not. lichens accumulate radioactivity more than many other plants because of their large surface area and long life span; the presence and persistence o ...	1992	1355310
blood and urinary cadmium levels in inuit living in kuujjuaq, canada.	blood and urine cadmium concentrations have been determined in a group of 85 inuit residents of kuujjuaq, quebec, canada, drawn from actively hunting households. mean blood cadmium values are high at 39.4 nmol/l, varying between 6.6 in non-smokers and 60.3 in smokers. no association of blood cadmium with self-reported offal consumption could be found. median urine cadmium concentrations are elevated at 2.3 mumol/mol creatinine and rise substantially with age: 0.9 in the 30-39 age group; 3.2 amon ...	1992	1362287
molecular basis of low-temperature sensitivity in pig hemoglobins.	it has been generally assumed that mammals have blood with a greater temperature sensitivity than ectothermic organisms. recent results have shown that in some species of mammals, hb displays a value of overall oxygenation enthalpy (delta h) much less exothermic than that observed for most mammalian hemoglobins, including human adult hb. in this respect, a very interesting case is represented by porcine blood which shows a modest effect of temperature, the temperature coefficient of its oxygen-d ...	1992	1425681
light microscopy of dried saliva in the evaluation of xerostomia of the sicca syndrome. a preliminary report.	dried, freshly produced saliva from 21 patients with xerostomia related to the sicca syndrome [15 with primary sjögren's syndrome (pss), 3 with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) and secondary sjögren's syndrome (sss), and 3 with sjögren's syndrome (ss) and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle)] and 21 age and sex matched controls, was examined by light microscopy. a typical fern-like pattern was demonstrated by the crystallized mucus of the healthy individuals. in contrast, much thicker, shorter, irregular ...	1992	1433006
alcohol consumption among male reindeer herders of lappish and finnish origin.	ethnic differences in alcohol intake among male reindeer herders were studied, since historical evidence suggests that lapps drink more than finns and since the considerable freedom of the herding occupation may imply a high risk for alcohol problems. in 1988, 2001 men answered a mail questionnaire including questions on alcohol intake over the past 12 months. the mean alcohol intake was 22.3 g/day among the lapps and 13.2g/day among the finns (p less than 0.001). the percentage of heavy drinker ...	1992	1439923
razors and refrigerators and reindeer--oh my!		1992	1460669
inuvialuit food use and food preferences in aklavik, northwest territories, canada.	annual frequency of use of 32 species of mammals, fish, birds and plants was examined among 36 (43% of all) inuvialuit households in aklavik, nwt. degree of preference for each of 34 traditional and 12 store-bought foods was examined among 36 adults and 35 (83% of all) inuvialuit school children ages 10-16 years, using a likert-type scale. traditional foods were used on average 676 +/- 464 (mean +/- s.d.) times per year, the most frequent being caribou (145, mean), beluga whale (74), hares (35), ...	1992	1463555
abiotic factors influencing embryonic development, egg hatching, and larval orientation in the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma tarandi.	wild-caught, tethered females of the reindeer warble fly, hypoderma tarandi (l.) (= oedemagena tarandi (l.)), (diptera, oestridae) were stimulated to oviposit on hairs of a reindeer hide. newly laid eggs incubated at constant temperatures and relative humidities hatched within 3 days to 2 weeks, depending on the experimental conditions. over a range of 7-40 degrees c, hatching only occurred between 20 and 37 degrees c. eggs held at 100% relative humidity had lower hatchability and longer time to ...	1992	1463901
lethal cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in a reindeer calf.	lethal elaphostrongylosis in a reindeer calf is described. the calf showed signs of abnormal behaviour, mental confusion and reduced vision due to lesions in the brain parenchyma caused by migrating mature elaphostrongylus rangiferi. traumatically caused malacia and secondary axon degeneration were observed in all brain areas. nematodes were found in the skeletal muscles, epidural space of the spinal cord, and in the subdural spaces and leptomeninges of the cord and brain. developing nematode ov ...	1992	1492523
oral and parenteral administration of ivermectin to reindeer.	the anti-parasitic effect of the orally administered paste formulation of ivermectin (ivomec) in reindeer was evaluated by means of a trial designed to compare the efficacies of orally and s.c. administered ivermectin at the same dosage (0.2 mg kg-1 body weight) in naturally infected adult reindeer (n = 92). both formulations were 100% effective against larvae of the warble fly, oedemagena tarandi, while oral treatment was less efficacious than s.c. injection against parasitic nematodes. both fo ...	1992	1502787
water intake and its thermal energy cost in reindeer fed lichen or various protein rations during winter.	captive reindeer were fed four different rations which supplied equal energy but varying amount of crude protein: lichens (3%), mixed hay plus lichens (10%) and two feed concentrates with medium (12%) or high (18%) protein content. kinetics of total body water were measured with tritiated water from february to march 1985, and thermal energy cost of daily water intake was estimated. biological half-time of water was shorter, and daily water intake significantly higher on the hay plus lichens die ...	1992	1502914
detection of airborne reindeer epithelial antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition.	hypersensitivity reactions to reindeer epithelial (re) allergens have been recently demonstrated among reindeer herders. to determine the concentration of airborne re antigens a method based on inhibition of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed. dust samples were collected in workshops where reindeer leather was processed and the workers had inhaled dry epithelial dust during their working shifts. specific ige to re allergen could be detected in one of 5 workers. re antige ...	1992	1510231
blood mercury and serum selenium concentrations in reindeer herders in the arctic area of northern finland.	163 healthy reindeer herders living in the arctic area of northern finland were investigated for blood mercury and serum selenium concentrations. more than ten percent of the subjects had blood mercury above the upper normal limit. high organic and total organic mercury levels were most common in the northeastern part of the country. high organic and total mercury and selenium values were more common in the lapps than the finns. blood mercury levels increased with increasing fish consumption. th ...	1992	1510586
chernobyl fallout: internal doses to the norwegian population and the effect of dietary advice.	dietary studies and whole-body measurements were used to estimate the intake of radiocesium and the radiation dose received by different groups of people in norway after the chernobyl accident. freshwater fish, milk, and reindeer meat were the major sources for radiocesium intake. dietary advice, together with agricultural decontamination measures, resulted in a considerable reduction in the exposure level of the population. a majority (40-80%) of the specially selected groups (farmers-hunters a ...	1992	1526778
structural study and preliminary crystallographic data for the hemoglobin from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus)	the ferric form of reindeer hemoglobin (rangifer tarandus tarandus) has been crystallized in an orthorhombic crystalline form from polyethylene glycol solutions, at ph 8.2. the crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell edges a = 84.2 a, b = 59.9 a, c = 119.5 a; one hemoglobin tetramer is contained in the asymmetric unit. the crystals diffract x-rays to a limit spacing of 3.0 a. inspection of amino acid sequences in the n-terminal region of beta-chains, and ana ...	1992	1530603
seasonal and daily patterns in melatonin secretion in female reindeer and their calves.	daily patterns of pineal function were studied in different seasons in 10 adult semidomesticated female reindeer and 5 prepubertal calves living in a natural arctic environment at latitude 69 degrees 10'n. serum samples for melatonin ria were collected every 4 h for 24 h in october (10 h of light, 14 h of darkness and 8 h of light, 16 h of darkness), december (24 h of darkness), march (13 h of light, 11 h of darkness), and june (24 h of light). a significant daily variation in serum melatonin le ...	1992	1537312
the occurrence of rabies in the svalbard islands of norway.	after the first recorded outbreak of rabies in the svalbard islands (norway) in 1980, brain tissue from 817 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) was tested for rabies by a direct fluorescent antibody test. during the same period (1980 to 1990), 29 arctic foxes, 23 polar bears (ursus maritimus), 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and five ringed seals (phoca hispida) were also tested using the same technique. these animals had either been found dead, killed because of abnormal behavior or were appa ...	1992	1548803
a comparative study of the temperature dependence of the oxygen-binding properties of mammalian hemoglobins.	the effect of temperature on the oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobin (hb) from ruminants, such as ox, reindeer, musk ox, mouflon and egyptian water buffalo is compared to that of human adult hb (hba). a striking difference emerges where in the presence of chloride ions and in the absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate [gri(2,3)p2] a strongly reduced exothermic oxygenation process is observed for all ruminant hb investigated with respect to hba. next, in the presence of physiological concentration ...	1992	1551393
pulsatile growth hormone secretion during the breeding season in male reindeer and its association with hypophagia and weight loss.	male deer reduce food intake and lose weight during the breeding season (rut) in autumn. growth hormone (gh) is lipolytic in ruminants; therefore, pulsatile gh secretion was measured in three young reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) bulls during the natural period of weight loss during rut. blood samples were withdrawn through a jugular cannula every 20 min for 16 hr on 5 occasions from late summer to early winter in unanaesthetised animals. the deer were group fed a pelleted concentrate rati ...	1992	1563616
investigations of radiocaesium in the natural terrestrial environment in norway following the chernobyl accident.	radioactive fallout from the chernobyl accident affected parts of central norway to a considerable extent, in particular the 134cs+137cs deposition had a significant impact on the natural environment. when this became apparent, a comprehensive radioecological research programme was initiated in order to study the behaviour of radiocaesium in boreal and alpine ecosystems, with emphasis on food-chains leading to exposure of species used for human consumption, i.e., reindeer and freshwater fish. in ...	1992	1580389
radioactive contamination of food sampled in the areas of the ussr affected by the chernobyl disaster.	in october 1990 a netherlands humanitarian fact finding mission on aid to people affected by the chernobyl disaster visited contaminated regions in russia, byelorussia and the ukraine. the mission consisted of medical, socio-psychological and agricultural experts. the results of radioactivity measurements on food products sampled in the contaminated areas are reported here and the radiation burden for the soviet citizens due to these products is discussed. the radiocaesium contamination measured ...	1992	1580398
radiocesium in muscle tissue of reindeer and pike from northern sweden before and after the chernobyl accident. a retrospective study on tissue samples from the swedish environmental specimen bank.	after the chernobyl accident in april 1986, considerable deposition of radionuclides occurred regionally in eastern, central and northwestern sweden. locally, the fallout of radiocesium exceeded the remainder from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests by several magnitudes. since the end of the 1960s samples of organs from various plant and animal species, annually collected at different localities, have been preserved in the swedish environmental specimen bank (esb). in this work samples from the e ...	1992	1604304
a comparison of serological relationships among five ruminant alphaherpesviruses by elisa.	using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays the cross reactivity of bovine herpesvirus-1.1, bovine herpesvirus-1.2, caprine herpesvirus-2, cervine (red deer) herpesvirus-1 and rangiferine (reindeer) herpesvirus-1 has been examined using rabbit hyperimmune antisera and convalescent cattle and red deer field sera. significant cross-reactivity among all the five viruses was demonstrated. a detailed analysis showed that: (1) the two bovine herpesviruses are most closely related, (2) the cervine, caprin ...	1992	1605741
[morbidity among reindeer breeders in the northern region of kamchatka].	analysis of morbidity with temporary disability (mtd) was performed among 833 reindeer-breeders in the koryak region in kamchatka, basing on the sick-leave certificate data for 1987-1989. provided is an assessment of the climate factors peculiar of kamchatka and influencing mtd among reindeer-breeders.	1991	1666058
public health response to an identified environmental toxin: managing risks to the james bay cree related to cadmium in caribou and moose.	at the request of cree political and health authorities and using indirect measures of exposure, we estimated the risk to the james bay cree of renal impairment related to the long-term consumption of the liver and kidney of moose and caribou contaminated by environmental cadmium. the low risk of disease was weighed against the possible detriment from activities to convince the crees to avoid a traditional albeit occasional component of their subsistence diet. our approach to the assessment and ...	1991	1672617
[the circulation of viruses of the california encephalitis and bunyamwera groups (bunyaviridae, bunyavirus) on the northeastern russian plain].	in the komi assr, 102.2 thousand mosquitoes, 207 small mammals, 1487 blood serum specimens from people, 793 cow blood sera, 140 blood serum specimens from reindeer were collected in june-august, 1988. twenty seven virus strains isolated from mosquitoes were classified into bunyaviridae family according to the data of electron microscopic studies. identification of the isolates by cft and ifa showed 18 of the strains to belong to california encephalitis complex and 9 to bunyamwera complex. serolo ...	1991	1677507
sarcocystis in caribou (rangifer tarandus terraenorae) in newfoundland.	prevalence of species of sarcocystis in muscle of 36 caribou, rangifer tarandus terraenorae, shot in newfoundland, canada, was 53%. a greater percentage of infected animals were obtained from the central part of the island. the highest concentration of microscopic sarcocysts, 1/mm2 of tissue, was observed in a 5-year old animal. although widely distributed throughout the body, cysts were more prevalent in the tongue and diaphragm. the potential of sarcocystis in caribou as a food-borne disease o ...	1991	1688046
the use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins.	keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. they are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prep ...	1990	1691773
is the "mammalian" brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein present in adipose tissues of birds?	1. mitochondria were isolated from the furcular, subcutaneous, abdominal, nape and lateral adipose tissue depots of five species of bird (pheasant, japanese quail, pigeon, house sparrow and great tit) acclimatized to the northern winter. 2. mitochondrial proteins were separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probed for the presence of the 32,000-33,000 mr uncoupling protein characteristic of "mammalian" brown adipose tissue, using an anti-(g ...	1991	1756620
survey for meningeal worm (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) and ear mites in white-tailed deer from northern idaho.	during the fall hunting season of 1990, 95 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) heads were collected from hunters in boundary and bonner counties in northern idaho (usa), an area currently occupied by woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou). the heads were examined for adult and larval meningeal worms (parelaphostrongylus tenuis) by physical examination of the brain surfaces, and the baermann technique, respectively, and for ear mites by examination of ear scrapings. meningeal worms o ...	1991	1758042
swedish dioxin survey: evaluation of the h-4-ii e bioassay for screening environmental samples for dioxin-like enzyme induction.	the h-4-ii e enzyme induction bioassay was used for testing both pure reference substances and extracts of wildlife samples. polychlorinated naphthalenes were found to be as active as enzyme inducers as certain coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). also a mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (bromkal 70-5de) was shown to induce enzyme activity. in extracts of herring, containing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs), bioassay and chemically derived tcdd-eq ...	1991	1766920
specific ige to reindeer epithelium in finnish reindeer herders.	reindeer herding is a major source of living for more than 4200 inhabitants in northern finland. to determine the prevalence of allergic symptoms among reindeer herders clinical examinations and skin prick tests (spt) with nine inhalant allergens were performed in 211 randomly selected men from 21 to 69 (mean 45) years. specific ige antibodies to reindeer epithelium (re) and total serum ige were evaluated in 99 herders, five persons who handled reindeer leather indoors, 21 atopic patients with c ...	1991	1789398
cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in dairy goats in northern norway.	ten carcasses and three vertebral columns from north norwegian dairy goats, which had been killed due to clinical signs of severe neurologic disease, were received for necropsy. pathological examination revealed nematodes and nematode ova in the central nervous system (cns) of nine goats. worms found by gross examination were identified as elaphostrongylus rangiferi mitskevich, 1960. focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, apparently caused by migrating worms, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic l ...	1991	1796688
cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in sheep in northern norway.	pathologic examination of four sheep from northern norway exhibiting neurologic signs of paresis, paralysis and vestibular system disease revealed nematodes in the central nervous system (cns). the worms were identified as elaphostrongylus rangiferi mitskevich, 1960, the elaphostrongylid nematode of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). microscopic lesions found in the cns were focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia caused by migrating worms, eosinophilic meningitis and choroiditis, lymphohistio ...	1991	1796689
frostbite in reindeer herders.	the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of frostbite among reindeer herders and to clarify the co-factors that may relate to these injuries. 2081 (60%) male reindeer herders in finland were asked information on frostbite. logistic regression analysis was used for studying the effect of potential co-factors. 453 men (22% of the respondents) reported frostbites during the last twelve months, the areas most affected being the face, fingers and toes. the amount of time spent in snowmob ...	1991	1811588
chromosome aberrations in norwegian reindeer calves exposed to fallout from the chernobyl accident.	chromosome aberrations were analysed in 1222 peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 reindeer, rangifer tarandus l., calves from central norway, where considerable fallout from chernobyl accident had occurred, and in 1532 lymphocytes from 26 calves from three different districts in northern norway which were not affected by fallout from the accident. three dicentrics, two rings, and three translocations were detected in calves from the exposed area, while no dicentrics, nor rings and only one trans ...	1991	1816165
prevalence of low back pain and other musculoskeletal symptoms and their association with work in finnish reindeer herders.	the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was determined in a population-based sample of 2720 male reindeer herders in finland by postal questionnaires sent out in 1986 and 1988. sixty per cent reported back pain, 32% sciatica, 51% neck-shoulder pain, and 49% pain, aching or tenderness in at least one joint during the past 12 months. the neck-shoulder and joint symptoms increased with the annual amount of reindeer herding work done in persons below 50 years of age. the association of back pain ...	1991	1837613
hearing asymmetry among occupationally noise-exposed men and women under 60 years of age.	interaural asymmetry of hearing thresholds at 4 khz was analysed in four populations exposed to occupational noise. the left ear was found to be on average significantly worse than the right ear, among both the male and female subjects. in the male population the left ear was twice as often the worse ear as the right one. in the female population the corresponding ratio was 1.5. the average inferiority of the left ear increased as a function of the hearing threshold level. among subjects with ab ...	1991	1842293
photoperiod associated changes in insulin-like growth factor-i in reindeer.	insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) concentrations were measured in the plasma of reindeer calves exposed to a manipulated photoperiod, indoors, of either 16 h light followed by 8 h dark each day (16l:8d) (n = 3) or 8l:16d (n = 3) from about the autumnal to the vernal equinox, to determine whether the seasonal growth spurt normally seen in spring is associated with a photoperiod-induced rise in igf-i. a high quality concentrate diet was available ad libitum, and individual food intake was recor ...	1991	1855465
high serum selenium concentrations in reindeer breeding lappish men.	this study investigated the relationship of serum selenium to its dietary sources in a group of lappish men and a control population. lappish men had higher serum selenium concentrations than non-lappish men (1.79 vs 1.58 mumol/1; p = 0.003). serum selenium correlated positively with consumption of reindeer meat, age and cholesterol. in linear regression models, however, being lappish was the most significant predictor of high serum selenium. lappish men ate more reindeer meat (p = 0.001) and le ...	1991	1883416
an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in northern québec.	an ongoing screening program for toxoplasmosis identified a cluster of four women from northern québec who, over a 4-month period, seroconverted during their pregnancy. an epidemiologic investigation was carried out in an attempt to identify the source of this infection. all potential risk factors were assessed by a questionnaire administered to 22 inuit women who had delivered babies in the previous year. seroconversion was significantly associated with skinning of animals for fur (p = .015) an ...	1990	1969458
an epizootic of besnoitiosis in captive caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus).	besnoitia sp. was diagnosed in two caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) which died of pneumonia at the assiniboine park zoo (winnipeg, manitoba, canada) in 1983. during the following 3 yr besnoitiosis spread to an isolated herd of caribou, to mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and to reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). reduction of exposure to biting insects appears to have reduced the transmission of besnoitiosis within the reindeer herd. the morbidity rate was approximately 82% in cari ...	1990	1971029
dermacentor albipictus (acari, ixodidae) on captive reindeer and free-ranging woodland caribou.	infestations of winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) on two captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) are reported and may be associated with increased grooming and alopecia. over 400,000 ticks were recovered from one reindeer. few ticks (less than 25 ticks/animal) were found on three free-ranging woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou).	1990	1974936
immobilization of norwegian reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and svalbard reindeer (r. t. platyrhynchus) with medetomidine and medetomidine-ketamine and reversal of immobilization with atipamezole.	the sedative action of medetomidine (-ketamine) was studied in 12 captive norwegian semidomesticated reindeer (nr), including 4 newborn calves, and in 7 free-living svalbard reindeer (sr). medetomidine, with or without ketamine, caused effective, reliable immobilization in nr. doses of 50-200 micrograms/kg medetomidine alone or 30-125 micrograms/kg medetomidine combined with greater than or equal to 300 micrograms/kg ketamine induced complete immobilization, good muscle relaxation and persistent ...	1990	1983084