Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| comparison of carboxymethylation patterns of harbor seal and sperm whale myoglobins. | 1973 | 4702882 | |
| observations on the breeding behavior of the harbor seal in the state of washington. | 1973 | 4706261 | |
| staphylococcal infection and toxoplasmosis in a young harbor seal. | 1973 | 4716215 | |
| oxygen uptake of the california sea lion and harbor seal during exposure to heat. | 1973 | 4726508 | |
| inhaled co2 and progressive hypoxia: ventilatory response in a yearling and a newborn harbor seal. | 1973 | 4731025 | |
| heart rate during breath-holding and diving in the unrestrained harbor seal (phoco vitulina richardi). | 2016 | 4756147 | |
| cerebral tolerance to asphyxial hypoxia in the harbor seal. | 1973 | 4763083 | |
| coccidiosis in harbor seals. | 2016 | 4817958 | |
| eimeria phocae sp. n. from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina concolor). | 1974 | 4833850 | |
| factors related to the dive reflex in harbor seals: respiration, immersion bradycardia, and lability of the heart rate. | 1974 | 4838185 | |
| factors related to the dive reflex in harbor seals: sensory contributions from the trigeminal region. | 1974 | 4838186 | |
| the harbor seal phoca vitulina concolor de kay: comparative details of fatty acids in lung and heart phospholipids and triglycerides. | 1972 | 5050940 | |
| diffuse muscular degeneration in captive harbor seals. | 1972 | 5056186 | |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise, and sperm whale. vii. mechanism and catalysis for addition of cyanide to myoglobins. | 1971 | 5102925 | |
| malignant leukemic lymphoma in two harbor seals (phoca vitulina geronimensis). | 1971 | 5103653 | |
| [verminous bronchopulmonitis due to nematoda in a phoca vitulina]. | 2003 | 5152950 | |
| adaptations to diving in the harbor seal: cardiac output during diving. | 1966 | 5323319 | |
| [morphology of bronchitis in the seal (phoca vitulina l.)]. | 1969 | 5349356 | |
| case report. dipetalonema spirocauda and pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a harbor seal (phoca vitulina). | 1969 | 5388277 | |
| visual discriminations in the harbour seal phoca vitulina, above and below water. | 1970 | 5508964 | |
| ectrodactylism in the harbour seal, phoca vitulina l. (mammalia:phocidae). | 1970 | 5533910 | |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise. and sperm whale. vi. renaturation of copper(ii)-denatured ferrimyoglobins. | 1971 | 5542015 | |
| sea water drinking and water flux in starved and in fed harbor seals, phoca vitulina. | 1971 | 5572418 | |
| angiography of the inferior vena cava of the harbor seal during simulated diving. | 1971 | 5574630 | |
| [umbilical infection in a young seal (phoca vitulina)]. | 1967 | 5627905 | |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise, and sperm whale. i. preparation and characterization. | 1968 | 5638583 | |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise, and sperm whale. ii. reactivity toward hydrogen ion and cupric ion. | 1968 | 5638584 | |
| dissociation of bradycardia and arterial constriction during diving in the seal phoca vitulina. | bradycardia associated with diving in the harbor seal has been dissociated from the arterial constrictor response by intracardiac pacing. development of arterial constriction does not depend upon the development of bradycardia. during pacing, arterial constriction continues in the absence of bradycardia. increases in heart rate to values greater than 120 beats per minute during a dive produce a progressive decrease in mean aortic pressure, which suggests that one major function of bradycardia is ... | 1968 | 5677530 |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise, and sperm whale. 3. isolation and characterization of the tryptic peptides of harbor seal myoglobin. | 1969 | 5782003 | |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise, and sperm whale. iv. isolation and characterization of the tryptic peptides of porpoise myoglobin. | 1969 | 5782004 | |
| comparison of myoglobins from harbor seal, porpoise, and sperm whale. v. the complete amino acid sequences of harbon seal and porpoise myoglobins. | 1969 | 5782005 | |
| [glomera in the supracardial space of phoca vitulina l]. | 1969 | 5807125 | |
| adaptations to diving in the harbor seal: oxygen stores and supply. | 1969 | 5807719 | |
| [contribution on the anatomy of the cava sphincter of the seal (phoca vitulina l.)]. | 1969 | 5814925 | |
| arterial constrictor response in a diving mammal. | angiograms were obtained in the harbor seal, phoca vitulina, in air and during diving. during diving there is arterial constriction of the vascular beds of muscle, skin, kidney, liver, spleen, and presumably of all vascular beds except those perfusing the brain and heart. there is sudden constriction and narrowing of muscular arteries close to their origin from the aorta. constriction of small arterial branches is so intense that blood flow is essentially lost in all involved organs. | 1966 | 5910199 |
| [lung worm infestation in wild seals (phoca vitulina l.)]. | 1966 | 5950575 | |
| [the morphological blood picture of the european seal (phoca vitulina l.)]. | 1966 | 5958091 | |
| [a skin disease caused by itch mite infestation in the free game hunting ground seal (phoca vitulina)]. | 1966 | 6007656 | |
| candidiasis in captive pinnipeds. | diagnosis, treatment, and possible pathogenesis of candidiasis were studied in 5 species of pinnipeds in captivity: gray seal (halichoerus grypus), harbor seal (phoca vitulina), northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). the animals were kept outdoors in a freshwater exhibit. candidiasis was characterized by purulent nasal discharge, inflammation of the lips at the mucocutaneous junction, periocular ... | 1984 | 6096327 |
| isolation of an influenza a virus from seals. | influenza a virus of serotype hav1 neq1 (h7n7 by the 1980 revised influenza typing system proposed by who experts) was repeatedly isolated from lung and brain tissues taken from harbor seals (phoca vitulina) found suffering from pneumonia on cape cod peninsula (u.s.a.) in the winter of 1979-1980. the seal isolates, although of a serotype identical to some fowl plaque virus strains, were harmless to chickens and turkeys in transmission experiments. an earlier human infection by a hav1 neq1 influe ... | 1981 | 6168245 |
| comparative functional properties of mitochondria from seal and dog hearts. | the harbor seal (phoca vitulina) is capable of protracted dives resulting in low arterial po2 levels. the mammalian heart is an aerobic organ depending primarily on mitochondrial oxidations for energy (atp). heart mitochondria were isolated from freshly killed seals and the functional data obtained compared to dog heart mitochondria isolated under similar conditions. the percentage yields of mitochondria based on cytochrome oxidase recovery were essentially the same from dog and seal hearts. how ... | 1983 | 6302293 |
| the quantification of technical mixtures of pcbs by microwave plasma detection and the analysis of pcbs in the blubber lipid from harbour seals (phoca vitulina). | seven technical mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were quantified with gas-liquid chromatography-microwave plasma detection (g.l.c.-m.p.d.). these mixtures were then used to determine individual peak response factors for g.l.c.-electron capture detection (e.c.d.), which is used for the routine analysis of pcbs. pcb residues in the blubber lipid from harbour seals, found dead on the dutch coast from 1972 to 1981 were analysed; 175 samples showed a log-normal distribution with a large c ... | 1983 | 6410503 |
| are seals frequently infected with avian influenza viruses? | influenza a virus isolates of the h4n5 subtype (which has previously been detected only in birds) were recovered from harbor seals dying of viral pneumonia on the new england coast from june 1982 through march 1983. when these isolates were compared with other mammalian and avian viruses in serological assays and rna-rna competitive hybridization, it was found that the seal viruses were most closely related antigenically and genetically to recent avian virus strains and were readily distinguisha ... | 1984 | 6471169 |
| cardiac output and its distribution through capillaries and a-v shunts in diving seals. | regional blood flow and cardiac output were determined by distribution of radioactive microspheres injected via catheter into the left ventricle during experimental diving and recovery in juvenile spotted seals (phoca vitulina largha) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus). cardiac output was 9.7 l/min before diving, declined 90% during submersion and increased to 12.1 l/min after 40 s of recovery. left ventricular myocardial perfusion declined from 179 +/- 24 (21) to 25 +/- 2 (6) ml/min . 100 g at ... | 1983 | 6624500 |
| enzymatic adaptations to asphyxia in the harbor seal and dog. | the activities of the glycolytic enzymes were determined in heart, liver, kidney cortex and cerebrum from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina ) and the adult and newborn dog. activities were similar in the four dog tissues as well as myocardium and brain tissue from both the newborn dog and seal. most of the enzyme activities were markedly lower in kidney cortex and liver of the seal and the newborn dog, suggesting that the organs which are rendered ischemic in the diving seal or asphyxiated newborn ... | 1984 | 6729273 |
| heptachlor epoxide in marine mammals. | the presence of heptachlor epoxide in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and white-beaked dolphins (lagenorhynchus albirostris) has been confirmed by chemical derivatization and mass spectrometric analyses. an unknown compound at a retention time close to half of heptachlor epoxide interfered in the determination by electron capture detector-gas chromatography. on a wcot cp-sil 7 column programmed from 85 to 175 degree c two poorly separated peaks could be detected. heptachlor epoxide contents up to ... | 1981 | 6791283 |
| the occurrence of myocardial bridges on coronary arteries in the common seal (phoca vitulina vitulina). | myocardial bridging in the common seal (phoca vitulina vitulina) has been described in 4 hearts. in a collection of 40 hearts 10 cases(20%) were present. in most of the hearts the vessels in the sulcus interventricularis subsinuosus are overbridged. | 1983 | 6880866 |
| lymphosarcoma in a harbor seal (phoca vitulina richardii). | lymphosarcoma is described in a wild juvenile harbor seal (phoca vitulina richardii). gross lesions included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. neoplastic lymphoid cells were observed histologically in lung, kidney, liver, spleen, adrenals, bone marrow and visceral and peripheral lymph nodes. | 1980 | 6893610 |
| pediculosis and severe heartworm infection in a harbor seal. | 1980 | 6901559 | |
| ultrastructural studies on the bleb formation in seal and rat submandibular gland striated ducts. | for the present study seal (phoca vitulina) and rat submandibular gland striated ducts were investigated by electron microscopy. both normal and stimulated animals (starved for 24 h and then fed 2 h before the tissues were removed) were examined. basal invaginations of the cell membrane with areas heavily loaded with mitochondria were typical features of both animals. secretory granules were especially numerous in the apical part of stimulated duct cells. the granules were separated from the lum ... | 1982 | 6950643 |
| glucoregulation and simulated diving in the harbor seal phoca vitulina. | plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were measured in the harbor seal, phoca vitulina, during a 6-min dive and a 30-min recovery period. studies were performed in the fasting state and following intravenous glucose. during diving in the fasting state, values of plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin are not significantly different from prediving values, presumably because of the loss of perfusion to the pancreas. in the postdiving period, plasma glucagon increases significantly. t ... | 1981 | 7030088 |
| myocardial blood flow and metabolism in the diving seal. | the adaptations of myocardial metabolism to diving asphyxia have been studied in 12 harbor seals (phoca vitulina). unanesthetized animals were submerged for periods of 10-16 min. heart rate decreased from 135 to 12 beats/min. myocardial blood flow decreased to an average of 10% of predive values and remained constant during the dive. the progressive reduction in arterial o2 content was associated with an increase in myocardial lactate and hydrogen ion production, but no change in glucose or free ... | 1982 | 7058937 |
| mass mortality of harbor seals: pneumonia associated with influenza a virus. | more than 400 harbor seals, most of them immature, died along the new england coast between december 1979 and october 1980 of acute pneumonia associated with influenza virus, a/seal/mass/1/180 (h7n7). the virus has avian characteristics, replicates principally in mammals, and causes mild respiratory disease in experimentally infected seals. concurrent infection with a previously undescribed mycoplasma or adverse environmental conditions may have triggered the epizootic. the similarities between ... | 1982 | 7063847 |
| hormonal changes and enforced diving in the harbor seal phoca vitulina. ii. plasma catecholamines. | plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were measured in five harbor seals, phoca vitulina, during a control period, during a 6-min dive, and during a 30-min postdiving recovery period. measurements were performed with and without prior glucose administration. control epinephrine concentrations [189 +/- 118 (sd) pg/ml] and norepinephrine concentrations (340 +/- 191 pg/ml) were similar to resting values in humans. during diving there are dramatic increases in both epinephrine and nor ... | 1982 | 7081478 |
| nasal mites (acari:halarachnidae) in the spotted seal, phoca largha pallas, and other pinnipeds of alaskan waters. | the nasal passages of 349 pinnipeds of seven species were examined for halarachnid mites. each of seven steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), 75 of 99 harbor seals (phoca vitulina), and four of 71 spotted seals (p. largha) were infected, but none of 28 walruses (odobenus rosmarus), 43 ringed seals (phoca hispida), 58 ribbon seals (p. fasciata), and 43 bearded seals (erignathus barbatus) was infected. the sea lions harbored orthohalarachne attenuata (banks, 1910) and o. diminuata (doetschman, 1 ... | 1982 | 7097872 |
| [the position of seals in the system of mammals (author's transl)]. | the common seal phoca vitulina belongs to the order pinnipedia, a group of marine mammals, the majority of which live in the colder seas. two main groups are differentiated within this order: otarioidea and phocoidea. the otarioidea are divided into two families: otariidae (sea lions and fur seals) and odobenidae (walruses): the phocoidea consist of the family phocidae (seals) only. the pinnipedia are closely related to the order carnivora: they probably originated about 50 million years ago fro ... | 1982 | 7101255 |
| [morphology and congenital pathology of the heart of the common seal (phoca vitulina vitulina) (an informative description) (author's transl)]. | the morphology and the congenital pathology of the heart of the common seal (phoca vitulina vitulina) are described. particular attention is drawn to the dorso-ventral flattening of the heart and the s-like course of the aortic arch. the following congenital malformations of th heart were discussed: (1) patent ductus arteriosus associated with a patent foramen ovale secundum and malposition of the entrance of the caudal caval vein: (2) aplasia of the origin of the left coronary artery: (3) coarc ... | 1982 | 7101256 |
| electrostatic stabilization in sperm whale and harbor seal myoglobins. identification of groups primarily responsible for changes in anchoring of the a helix. | the compact, largely helical structure of sperm whale and harbor seal myoglobins undergoes an abrupt one-step transition between ph 4.5 and 3.5 as monitored by changes in either the heme soret band absorbance or circular dichroism probes of secondary structure, for which a modified tanford-kirkwood theory provides identification of certain dominant electrostatic interactions responsible for the loss of stability. a similar treatment permits identification of the electrostatic interactions primar ... | 1980 | 7248465 |
| cardiovascular depression and thermoregulatory disruption caused by pentothal/halothane anesthesia in the harbor seal, phoca vitulina. | anesthesia was induced in the harbor seal (phoca vitulina) with an intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg thiopental sodium; this was followed by halothane (1%) anesthesia for up to 9.5 h. cardiac output was reduced to 30% of the pre-anesthesia value (from an average of 11.5 1/min to 3.5 1/min) while systemic blood pressure fell from an average of 150/110 to 80/60. arterial oxygen partial pressures were somewhat depressed (58-72 torr) during ventilation with air. heart rate became stable at 90-100 be ... | 1981 | 7253094 |
| masked hearing thresholds of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) in air. | two wild seals, maintained in captivity in good health, were trained to swim on verbal command to a spot 27 cm above the water, and subsequently to make a l or r turn to a pure tone vs no tone. white noise was present at 80, 70, or 60 db spl. masked thresholds were determined by a staircase method in 2-db steps at 2, 4, 8.6, and 15 kc/s (at 15 kc/s only noise at 60 db spl was presented). critical bandwidths in db were calculated, all of the order of 25 db (range of to 28 db). these values are cl ... | 1980 | 7349305 |
| plasma concentrations of oestrone, progesterone and corticosteroids during late pregnancy and after parturition in the harbour seal, phoca vitulina. | blood samples were taken at weekly intervals during the last 2 months of pregnancy from a mature (7-year-old) harbour seal which had conceived and was kept in captivity. the concentrations of oestrone, oestrone sulphate, progesterone and glucocorticoids were determined by radioassays. the plasma levels of unconjugated oestrone were slightly greater than those of oestrone sulphate. total oestrone declined steadily over the last month from a peak of 2.3 ng/ml at 30 days before parturition. plasma ... | 1981 | 7452612 |
| lung inflation: effects on heart rate, respiration, and vagal afferent activity in seals. | in the anesthetized harbor seal, phoca vitulina, the hering-breuer inflation reflex was weak and comparable to that in humans. single inflations of the lungs from a syringe during the expiratory phase of normal breathing caused temporary inhibition of breathing and an immediate tachycardia dependent on the integrity of the cervical vagosympathetic nerves. a similar cardiac response occurred when the lungs were artificially inflated during an experimental dive and under conditions in which apnea ... | 1981 | 7468814 |
| sensitivity of the mystacial vibrissae of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) for size differences of actively touched objects. | we studied the capability of one male and one female harbour seal phoca vitulina to discriminate diameter differences of circular discs by means of active touch with their mystacial vibrissae. to prevent the animals from perceiving visual information, they were blindfolded during trials. in a two-alternative forced-choice procedure, the seals were required to choose the larger of two perspex discs. weber fractions c (the ratio of the lowest diameter difference detected by the seals on 75% of occ ... | 1995 | 7490570 |
| comparative immunological characterization of type-specific and conserved b-cell epitopes of pinniped, felid and canid herpesviruses. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against phocid herpesviruses (phhv 2557/han88 and 7848/han90) isolated from european harbour seals (phoca vitulina), and against strains of both felid (fhv strain fvr 605) and canid herpesviruses (chv isolate 5105/han89). mabs were characterized with respect to certain biological properties and used to outline antigenicity profiles of isolates of phhv (n = 8), fhv (n = 7) and chv (n = 3) in enzyme immunoassays employing fixed infected cells. a c ... | 1994 | 7518225 |
| identification, characterisation, and measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in grey (haliocherus grypus) and common (phoca vitulina) seals. | concentrations of macroglobulin, total gammaglobulin, and a gammaglobulin subclass were measured in grey and common seals. in pups, immunoglobulin m (igm) was found to rise rapidly, concentrations reaching adult values by approximately 14 days postpartum. total igg concentrations increased more slowly, only approaching 50% of juvenile and adult male values by 30 days after birth. concentrations of the igg subclass did not change significantly postpartum. total igg concentrations measured in adul ... | 2006 | 7535255 |
| sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens) infection in common seals (phoca vitulina) and potential intermediate fish hosts from the outer oslofjord. | infection with pseudoterranova decipiens in 45 common seals (phoca vitulina) from the outer oslofjord was investigated. seals were collected before and during the phocine distemper virus epizootic in 1988 when the seal population in the area was reduced from about 350 to 100. in 1989, cod (gadus morhua) and other fish species were sampled for comparison with earlier investigations on prevalence and abundance of p. decipiens infection in fishes from the outer oslofjord. seventy-two per cent of co ... | 1995 | 7601595 |
| the effect of signal onset/offset envelope on underwater detection thresholds of a harbor seal (phoca vitulina). | the effects of signal onset/offset envelope on the underwater hearing thresholds of a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) were measured. pure-tone, 540-ms pulses at 2, 4, 8, and 16 khz were presented as test signals. an anova revealed that there were no significant differences between repeated threshold measures for abrupt onset/offset signal envelopes versus slow onset/offset signal envelopes [f = 4.380, d.f. = (1,18), p > 0.05]. seal vocalizations which have an abrupt onset/offset may be serving a sh ... | 1995 | 7608409 |
| genetic variation in phoca vitulina (the harbour seal) revealed by dna fingerprinting and rapds. | genetic variation in two harbour seal (phoca vitulina) populations from the dutch wadden sea and scotland was examined by rapd analysis and dna fingerprinting. for comparison a population of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) was studied. the rapd method revealed a very low number of polymorphic bands. the multilocus dna fingerprinting technique showed very low levels of variation both within and between populations of the harbour seals. for one probe a significant difference in variation between p ... | 1995 | 7615403 |
| impaired cellular immune response in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) feeding on environmentally contaminated herring. | in a 2.5-year immunotoxicological study, two groups of captive harbour seals (phoca vitulina) were fed herring from the heavily polluted baltic sea or from the relatively uncontaminated atlantic ocean. blood samples were collected at regular intervals, and functional immunological parameters were monitored. t cell mitogen and mixed lymphocyte-induced proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) obtained from seals fed baltic herring were significantly reduced over the cou ... | 1995 | 7664495 |
| organochlorine and mercury contamination in united kingdom seals. | in 1988 and 1989 tissue samples were obtained from the grey seal (halichoerus grypus) population found in the dee estuary in the north west of england and from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) from the populations in the wash and north east scotland and analysed for mercury and organochlorine compounds. adult seals from the dee estuary were highly contaminated with mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), and one animal from the dee contained traces of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), s ... | 1993 | 7682371 |
| patterns of chlorinated biphenyl congeners in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and in their food: statistical analysis. | patterns of chlorinated biphenyl (cb) congeners have been compared in two groups of samples, namely blood samples from harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and muscle tissue samples in the fish with which the seals were fed. the data originate from a dutch controlled feeding study, performed in 1981 and 1983. the seals were living in captivity in two separate groups, and the fish samples were plaice (pleuronectes platessa) from the dutch part of the wadden sea and mackerel (scomber scombrus) from the a ... | 1995 | 7717761 |
| contaminant-related suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody responses in harbor seals fed herring from the baltic sea. | recent mass mortalities among several marine mammal populations have led to speculation about increased susceptibility to viral infections as a result of contaminant-induced immunosuppression. in a 2.5-year study, we fed herring from either the relatively uncontaminated atlantic ocean or the contaminated baltic sea to two groups of captive harbor seals and monitored immune function in the seals. seals fed the contaminated fish were less able to mount a specific immunological response to ovalbumi ... | 1995 | 7737064 |
| contaminant levels in harbor seals from the northeastern united states. | the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdf), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdd), and mercury (hg) were determined in blubber and liver tissues of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) collected along the northeast coast of the u.s. average pcb concentrations in seal blubber (sum of congeners) were 12.0 micrograms/g (wet weight) with a range of 7.30 to 24.3 micrograms/g in 1980 and 6 ... | 1995 | 7794010 |
| relative immunocompetence of the newborn harbour seal, phoca vitulina. | the immune system of many mammalian species is not fully developed at birth, with newborns obtaining temporary immunological protection from maternal antibodies. little is known of the immune system of the harbour seal, and developmental aspects of its immune system have not been systematically studied. we collected blood and milk samples from nine free-ranging mother-pup pairs throughout the lactation period on sable island, canada, in an effort to characterise developmental aspects of the immu ... | 1994 | 7810064 |
| [simplified identification and differentiation of feline, canine and phocine herpesvirus isolates using monoclonal antibodies]. | infections by alpha-herpesviruses of dogs (canid herpesvirus, chv) and cats (felid herpesvirus, fhv) are widespread in these species and are of significant clinical relevance. immunologically closely related herpesviruses have been isolated from harbour seals (phoca vitulina) showing respiratory disease, hepatitis and/or encephalitis. these isolates are currently referred to as phocid herpesviruses (phhv). the host spectrum of chv and fhv, respectively, appears to be restricted to members of the ... | 1994 | 7855845 |
| the metabolic characteristics of the locomotory muscles of grey seals (halichoerus grypus), harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and antarctic fur seals (arctocephalus gazella). | it is not known precisely how marine mammals are able to maintain muscle function during active swimming in breath-hold dives, when ventilation stops and heart rate falls. examination of muscle biochemistry and histochemistry can provide information on the relative importance of different metabolic pathways, the contractile potential of the muscle fibres, the oxygen storage capacity of the muscle and the capillary distribution in these animals. in this study, samples of locomotory muscle were ta ... | 1994 | 7964404 |
| diseases and environmental contaminants in seals from the baltic and the swedish west coast. | investigations have shown that baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) suffer from a disease complex described as a primary lesion in the adrenals causing secondary reactions in various other organs. studies on historical baltic grey seal skull bone material show that the prevalence of affected animals started to increase after world war ii. the disease complex explains the dramatic decrease in the baltic grey and ringed seal population during the 1960s and 1970s an ... | 1994 | 7973608 |
| descending frequency swept tones have lower thresholds than ascending frequency swept tones for a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) and human listeners. | many seal vocalizations consist of frequency swept tones. the signal detection thresholds of a harbor seal (phoca vitulina) and of human listeners were measured using ascending and descending frequency swept tones at 1/3- and 1-oct bandwidths. the swept tones increased or decreased exponentially and traversed the same frequency range. the sweeps were centered on 2, 4, and 8 khz for the seal study and 0.5, 1, and 2 khz for the human listeners. the bandwidth of the sweep did not affect signal dete ... | 1994 | 7983268 |
| in vitro metabolism of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in relation to ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in liver microsomes of some wildlife species and rat. | a qualitative study was performed of the capacity of hepatic microsomes of several wildlife species to metabolize 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (tcb). hepatic microsomes of species environmentally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs): harbour porpoise (phocoena phocoena), harbour seal (phoca vitulina), common tern (sterna hirundo), and hepatic microsomes from species experimentally exposed to pcbs: eider duck (somateria mollissima), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri), flounder (platichthys f ... | 1994 | 8039554 |
| can sines: a family of trna-derived retroposons specific to the superfamily canoidea. | a repetitive element of approximately 200 bp was cloned from harbour seal (phoca vitulina concolour) genomic dna. the sequence of the element revealed putative rna polymerase iii control boxes, a poly a tail and direct terminal repeats characteristic of sines. sequence and secondary structural similarities suggest that the sine is derived from a trna, possibly trna-alanine. southern blot analysis indicated that the element is predominately dispersed in unique regions of the seal genome, but may ... | 1994 | 8052527 |
| the effect of feeding on the metabolic rate in harbour seals (phoca vitulina). | the heat increment of feeding was estimated in harbour seals (phoca vitulina). seals were given different amounts of herring, ranging from 0.8 to 2.65 kg. the caloric content of the herring ranged from 6575 to 12560 kj.kg-1 depending on time of year. metabolic rate increased within 30 min after feeding, and the magnitude and duration of heat increment of feeding depended on the size of the meal and the caloric content of the herring. measured heat increment of feeding was up to 14.9% of gross en ... | 1994 | 8056883 |
| distribution patterns of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in harbor seal (phoca vitulina) tissues: statistical analysis. | tissue samples from five harbor seals (phoca vitulina) have been analyzed for coplanar and other polychlorinated biphenyl (cb) congeners, in order to measure variations in levels and patterns of the cbs. blubber samples contained the highest levels of cbs in all animals; kidney and liver were relatively high-level tissues. cb-153 and cb-138 were the most abundant cb congeners in all samples analyzed. variations in the patterns of cb congeners in tissues were studied by principal component analys ... | 1993 | 8215589 |
| mitogen and antigen induced b and t cell responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the harbour seal (phoca vitulina). | in vitro assays were developed for studies concerning the functioning of the immune system of the harbour seal (phoca vitulina). proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were measured after stimulation with different concentrations of the mitogens concanavalin a (con a), pokeweed mitogen (pwm), phytohaemagglutinin (pha) or lipopolysaccharide from salmonella typhimurium (lps). con a and pwm induced strong proliferative responses, while pha and lps induced comparatively ... | 1993 | 8236799 |
| identification and partial characterization of common seal (phoca vitulina) and grey seal (haliochoerus grypus) interleukin-6-like activities. | interleukin-6 (il-6) is a pleiotropic molecule with many important immune modulatory actions. we have investigated the production of biological activity of this cytokine in two species of european seal. il-6-like activity was detected in supernatants from cultured peripheral blood leucocytes. this il-6-like activity had an apparent molecular weight of 17-26 kda, similar to that of human il-6. il-6-like activity was also detected in plasma taken from seals with symptoms of systemic infection, but ... | 1993 | 8270096 |
| the bronchial tree, lobular division and blood vessels of the harbor seal (phoca vitulina) lung. | the lung of the harbor seal (phoca vitulina) consists of the bilateral upper, middle and lower lobes. the right lung has four bronchiole systems, i.e., the dorsal, ventral, medial and lateral, whereas the left lung has the dorsal, ventral and lateral, but not the medial bronchiole system. the upper lobe is formed by the first bronchiole of the dorsal bronchiole system, and the middle lobe by the first bronchiole of the lateral bronchiole system. the remaining bronchioles constitute the lower lob ... | 1993 | 8279260 |
| the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna molecule of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, and a comparison with mitochondrial sequences of other true seals. | the sequence of the mtdna of the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, was determined. the length of the molecule was 16,797 base pairs. the organization of the molecule conformed with that of other eutherian mammals but the control region was unusually long due to the presence of two types of repeated motifs. the grey seal and the previously reported harbor seal, phoca vitulina, belong to different but closely related genera of family phocidae, true (or earless) seals. in order to determine the degree ... | 1993 | 8308902 |
| [viral epizootic in the marine seal calf (phoca vitulina) in 1988. epidemiological aspects]. | during the year 1988, an epizootic spread through european populations of harbour seals (phoca vitulina). the first studies shed light on the importance of a new morbillivirus, close to canine distemper virus but different. however, other factors, like pollution by polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) compounds may have played a part in the epizootic by increasing mortality. up to then virology and pathology of wild populations of seals were not well known. this epizootic was an opportunity to learn a ... | 1993 | 8343803 |
| infection studies with canine distemper virus in harbour seals. | infection studies in harbour seal (phoca vitulina) were conducted with the snyder-hill strain of canine distemper virus (cdv) that is virulent for dog and mink. the inoculated seals showed clinical symptoms which were to some degree similar to those observed in cdv infections of sensitive species of carnivores. viral replication in lymphoid cells was followed by an extended period of immunosuppression. the results did not provide conclusive evidence for viral replication in surface epithelia of ... | 1993 | 8347078 |
| morbillivirus antibodies of maternal origin in harbour seal pups. (phoca vitulina). | 1993 | 8351782 | |
| findings in pinnipeds stranded along the central and northern california coast, 1984-1990. | personnel at the marine mammal center (the center) treated 1,446 stranded marine mammals recovered from the central and northern california (usa) coast from 1984 through 1990, including california sea lions (zalophus californianus), northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi), northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), and guadalupe fur seals (arctocephalus townsendi). the primary disease findings in st ... | 1993 | 8355344 |
| phocine distemper in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from long island, new york. | the first occurrence of phocine distemper (pd) disease in harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the united states is reported. two seals stranded on long island, new york (usa) in february 1992 with clinical signs of respiratory distress, fever, and depression. pneumonia and diffuse pulmonary congestion were the most significant post mortem findings. on histologic examination one seal had a diffuse broncho-interstitial pneumonia with formation of syncytia. the principal lesion in the second animal ... | 1993 | 8355350 |
| fusion protein gene nucleotide sequence similarities, shared antigenic sites and phylogenetic analysis suggest that phocid distemper virus type 2 and canine distemper virus belong to the same virus entity. | nucleotide sequencing of the fusion protein (f) gene of phocid distemper virus-2 (pdv-2), recently isolated from baikal seals (phoca sibirica), revealed an open reading frame (nucleotides 84 to 2075) with two potential in-frame atg translation initiation codons. we suggest that the second in-frame atg triplet at positions 264 to 266 initiates the translation, resulting in a protein of 537 amino acid residues with a calculated m(r) of 63,035. the putative f1/f2 cleavage site, located approximatel ... | 1993 | 8376973 |
| generation of vntrs and heteroplasmy by sequence turnover in the mitochondrial control region of two elephant seal species. | we describe an unusual repetitive dna region located in the 3' end of the light (l)-strand in the mitochondrial control region of two elephant seal species. the array of tandem repeats shows both vntr (variable-number tandem repeat) and sequence variation and is absent from 12 compared mammalian species, except for the occurrence in the same location of a distinct repetitive region in rabbit mtdna and a similar repeat in the harbor seal. the sequence composition and arrangement of the repeats di ... | 1993 | 8411208 |
| mammalian spinal biomechanics. i. static and dynamic mechanical properties of intact intervertebral joints. | four-point bending was used to apply pure extension and flexion moments to the ligamentous lumbosacral spine and pelvic girdle of monkey (macaca fascicularis), rabbit (domestic and wild, oryctolagus cuniculus), badger (meles meles), wallaby (wallabia rufogrisea frutica), sheep (ovis aries), seal (phoca vitulina) and tiger (panthera tigris). the absolute ranges of angular change in lumbar-lumbar joints (from x-radiographs) were considerable and similar in monkey and wallaby (greater in flexion) a ... | 1993 | 8440968 |
| histological investigations on the thyroid glands of marine mammals (phoca vitulina, phocoena phocoena) and the possible implications of marine pollution. | in 1988 and 1989, thousands of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) died in the north sea from phocine distemper infection. the morphology of thyroid glands from 40 harbor seals found dead on the north sea coastlines of schleswig-holstein, federal republic of germany, during an epizootic of phocine distemper, was compared with the morphology of thyroid glands from five healthy harbor seals collected in iceland. thyroid glands from seven harbor porpoises (phocoena phocoena) found dead in 1990 on the nor ... | 1993 | 8445768 |
| immune function in free-ranging harbor seal (phoca vitulina) mothers and their pups during lactation. | immune function in harbor seal mothers and their pups during lactation was studied on sable island, nova scotia, canada, during the springs of 1989 and 1990. methods included total white blood cell and differential counts, a protein a enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for total immunoglobulin g (igg) quantification, and functionality testing of lymphocytes in vitro using the t-cell mitogen concanavalin a (cona). lymphocyte functionality and total igg levels were reduced in the mothers at ... | 1993 | 8445787 |
| coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl congener levels and patterns and the identification of separate populations of harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in denmark. | blubber samples from 21 harbor seals (phoca vitulina), found dead on danish beaches during the morbilli virus epidemic in 1988, have been analyzed for toxic coplanar chlorinated biphenyl (cb) congeners. the 21 samples consist of seven samples from 1-2-year-old animals (both males and females) from each of three geographical separate locations: the limfjord, the kattegat, and the wadden sea. the level of the cbs, defined as the sum of all the measured cb congeners, were highest in the samples fro ... | 1993 | 8466291 |
| prevalence of morbilliviruses among pinniped and cetacean species. | since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (cdv) in 1987. harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in north-western europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (pdv1). a serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently ... | 1993 | 8518442 |
| short term fasting does not aggravate immunosuppression in harbour seals (phoca vitulina) with high body burdens of organochlorines. | two groups of 11 harbour seals (phoca vitulina) with different body burdens of organochlorines were subjected to an experimental 15-day fasting period, during which they lost an average 16.5% of their body weights. blood levels of the most persistent organochlorines showed an approximate twofold increase, while levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-binding organochlorines remained largely unaffected. few differences in immunological parameters were observed between the two dietary groups. numbers ... | 1995 | 8520929 |
| morbilliviruses and morbillivirus diseases of marine mammals. | in recent years, serious disease outbreaks among seals and dolphins were attributed to infection with established or newly recognized morbilliviruses. the first identification of a morbillivirus as causative agent of mass mortality among marine mammals was in 1988, when the previously unrecognized phocine distemper virus (pdv) caused the death of 20,000 harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in northwestern europe. a similar epizootic among baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia in 1987 was later attri ... | 1995 | 8548190 |