Publications

incidence of feline immunodeficiency virus reactive antibodies in free-ranging lions of the kruger national park and the etosha national park in southern africa detected by recombinant fiv p24 antigen.	lion sera from the kruger national park (knp) dating back to 1977 and from the etosha national park (enp), obtained from 1989 to 1991, have been analysed by elisa and western blot analyses using a genetically engineered antigen representing the p24 structural protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). it was concluded that some 83% of 98 knp lion sera reacted with the p24 antigen, while none of 28 enp lion sera reacted. a few other knp felids (cheetahs and genets) gave samples that did not ...	1992	1338477
bi-directional transmission of molecular information by photon or electron beams passing in the close vicinity of specific molecules, and its clinical and basic research applications: 1) diagnosis of humans or animal patients without any direct contact; 2) light microscopic and electron microscopic localization of neuro-transmitters, heavy metals, oncogen c-fos (ab2), etc. of intracellular fine structures of normal and abnormal single cells using light or electro-microscopic indirect bi-digital o-ring test.	in 1985, omura, y. discovered that, when specific molecules were placed anywhere in the close vicinity of the path of a light beam (laser), their molecular information, as well as information on electrical & magnetic fields, is transmitted bi-directionally along the path of this light beam. namely, this information is transmitted in the direction the light beam is projected and towards the direction from which the light beam is coming. this finding was applied to the following clinical and basic ...	1992	1351338
vector competence of glossina pallidipes and g. morsitans centralis for trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense and t. b. brucei.	vector competence of glossina pallidipes for pathogenic trypanosoma species was compared to that of g. morsitans centralis. cattle or goats were the hosts used to infect teneral tsetse, rabbits were used to maintain tsetse which were dissected on day 30. mean infection rates of g. pallidipes and g. m. centralis by t. vivax isolated from a cow in kenya were respectively 39.5 +/- 8.9% and 32.1 +/- 10.3% whilst for t. vivax isolated from a cow in nigeria, they were 30.0 +/- 7.5% and 19.8 +/- 4.3%. ...	1992	1359753
worldwide prevalence of lentivirus infection in wild feline species: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects.	the natural occurrence of lentiviruses closely related to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in nondomestic felid species is shown here to be worldwide. cross-reactive antibodies to fiv were common in several free-ranging populations of large cats, including east african lions and cheetahs of the serengeti ecosystem and in puma (also called cougar or mountain lion) populations throughout north america. infectious puma lentivirus (plv) was isolated from several florida panthers, a severely endan ...	1992	1382145
mycoplasma simbae sp. nov., mycoplasma leopharyngis sp. nov., and mycoplasma leocaptivus sp. nov., isolated from lions.	mycoplasmas isolated from the throats of lions were shown to belong to three serotypes, all of which were serologically distinct from the previously recognized mycoplasma and acholeplasma spp. eight mycoplasma colonies were cloned, including one from a leopard (strain lp), and were examined in detail for morphology, growth, and biochemical characteristics. the strains had the following properties: guanine-plus-cytosine contents of 37 mol% (strain lxt [t = type strain]), 28 mol% (strain ll2t), an ...	1992	1390104
multiple myeloma in ethiopians: analysis of 22 cases.	twenty-two cases of multiple myeloma were seen in the department of internal medicine, tikur anbessa (black lion) hospital, a teaching and referral hospital in addis abeba, ethiopia, from january 1983 to december 1990. the age range was 38 to 76 (mean +/- sd = 51.5 +/- 12.2) years; a third were in the fifth decade. the male:female ratio was 1.75:1. the common clinical findings were bone pain in 20 (91%), bone tenderness in 15 (68%), anaemia in 14 (64%) and spinal cord compression in 8 (36%). the ...	1992	1396616
relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption during steady-state swimming in california sea lions.	heart rate (fh) and rate of oxygen uptake (vo2) were measured in six subadult california sea lions zalophus californianus while they were at rest and while they were swimming for 15 min at controlled speeds of up to 1.4 m s-1 and pulling loads of up to 3 kg. there was a good linear relationship between fh and vo2 in all six sea lions. the slopes of the individual regression lines varied between 2.66 and 4.36 beats ml-1 o2 kg-1, the intercepts varied between 48.2 and 63.0 beats min-1 and r2 varie ...	1992	1402612
[serological evidence of the existence of a wild reservoir of trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the pendjari biosphere reservation in the republic of benin].	in the national park of pendjari, situated in the north-west of benin, 91 wild animals, belonging to seven species, were darted. thick and thin blood smears were examined for trypanosomes and plasma for trypanolytic antibodies against 6 antigenic variants of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. parasites were found in 13.92% and trypanolytic antibodies in 20.88% of the samples. a total of 28.57% of animals were positive by at least one of the two test systems used. morphologically trypanosoma congolens ...	1992	1417158
arterial supply of the masseter muscle in the lion (panthera leo).	there are few reports on the vascular system of the lion or panthera leo except for that on the facial artery investigated by lin and takemura (1990). morphological analysis of the masseter muscle of the lion according to the muscle-tendon theory has been performed only by takemura et al. (1991). the present authors attempted to elucidate the blood supply of the masseter, using 3 lion heads injected with acryl plastic into the carotid system by the plastic vascular injection method. this descrip ...	1992	1436957
functional thyroid follicular adenocarcinoma in a captive mountain lion (felis concolor).		1992	1448904
acute hepatic necrosis associated with a sarcocystis-like protozoa in a sea lion (zalophus californianus).		1992	1457561
fatty-acyl esters of retinol (vitamin a) in the liver of the harp seal (phoca groenlandica), hooded seal (cystophora cristata), and california sea lion (zalophus californianus).	the fatty-acid composition of retinyl esters in the livers of two species of phocid seal, the harp seal (phoca groenlandica, n = 20) and the hooded seal (cystophora cristata, n = 15), and one species of otariid seal, the california sea lion (zalophus californianus, n = 6), was determined. vitamin a ranged in concentration from 4 to 1024 nmol retinol/g liver for the phocids and from 381 to 979 nmol/g liver for the otariids. in most of the livers, retinyl palmitate was not the principal ester, and ...	1992	1482558
minimum respiratory function for breath alcohol testing in south australia.	the aim of this study was to determine if inability to complete a breath alcohol test successfully, using a lion alcolmeter sd-2 or drager alcotest 7110, was related to any of the standard parameters obtained from the lung function spirometry test. a total of 153 subjects referred to a clinical laboratory for routine lung function testing were tested using the alcolmeter, 158 using the alcotest, with 69 subjects completing tests on both instruments. of the 153 patients who volunteered to use the ...	2013	1484281
positional specificity of gastric hydrolysis of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of seal milk triglycerides.	long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 pufa) of marine oils are important dietary components for both infants and adults, and are incorporated into milks following maternal dietary intake. however, little is known about the hydrolysis of these pufa from milk triglycerides (tg) by lipases in suckling young. seals, like humans, possess gastric lipase; however, the milk lipids of seals and sea lions are almost devoid of the readily hydrolyzable medium-chain fatty acids, and are characteriz ...	1992	1491605
carnivora: the primary structure of the major hemoglobin component from adult european lynx (lynx lynx, felidae).	the complete primary structure of the major hemoglobin component from the adult european lynx (lynx lynx) is presented. presence of two hemoglobin components and three chains, beta a, beta b, and alpha, identified by gel electrophoresis. the purification of the globin chains achieved by ion-exchange chromatography. the globin chains were digested with trypsin. the peptide generated were purified by reversed-phase hplc. sequencing of the native chains up to 42 cycles and of the tryptic peptides w ...	1992	1515033
nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two serotypes of san miguel sea lion virus: identification of conserved and non-conserved amino acid sequences among calicivirus capsid proteins.	the san miguel sea lion viruses, members of the calicivirus family, are closely related to the vesicular disease of swine viruses which can cause severe disease in swine. in order to begin the molecular characterization of these viruses, the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two san miguel sea lion viruses (smsv), serotypes 1 and 4, was determined. the coding sequences for the capsid precursor protein were located within the 3' terminal 2620 bases of the genomic rnas of both viru ...	1992	1529644
travel at low energetic cost by swimming and wave-riding bottlenose dolphins.	over the past 50 years there has been much speculation about the energetic cost of swimming and wave-riding by dolphins. when aligned properly in front of the bow of moving ships in the stern wake of small boats, on wind waves, and even in the wake of larger cetaceans, the animals appear to move effortlessly through the water without the benefit of propulsive strokes by the flukes. theoretically, body streamlining as well as other anatomical and behavioural adaptations contribute to low transpor ...	1992	1538760
pinniped splenic volumes.	splenic volume was measured by computerized axial tomography in three harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and two california sea lions (zalophus californianus). volumes ranged from 228 to 679 ml, representing 0.8-3.0% of calculated percentage body mass. despite possible variation in the state of splenic contraction during the examination, these values are in the upper range of reported mammalian splenic volumes (as % of body mass). this reinforces the pinniped splenic erythrocyte storage concept.	1992	1539742
haematopoietic malignancies in zoo animals.	myelogenous leukaemia was found in a russell's viper, a honduran milk snake, a marine toad, a byrne's marsupial mouse and an african hedgehog. lymphocytic leukaemia was present in a broad banded copperhead and an indian lion. visceral lymphomatosis was observed in a snowy owl.	1992	1556254
relation between food preference and food-elicited vocalizations in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia).	we report the results of 2 studies on food-elicited vocalizations in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). first, we investigated the preferences of 10 golden lion tamarins for 6 foods. tamarins prefer mealworms and raisins significantly more than apple, egg, carrot, or marmoset diet. food preference rank was significantly and positively correlated with the rank of latency to choose a particular food. second, we investigated the relation between food preference and 15 vocal parameters m ...	1992	1600721
color vision in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus).	three california sea lions were trained to discriminate between a colored stimulus and two shades of gray in a 3-fold simultaneous choice situation. the colors blue, green and red were tested against shades of gray varying from low to high relative brightness. all animals distinguished blue from gray; two animals also distinguished green from gray; but none discriminated between red and gray. our data suggest that california sea lions have dichromatic color vision. their ability to discriminate ...	1992	1604834
patterns of corneal graft rejection in the rabbit and reversal of rejection with monoclonal antibodies.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether the local administration of monoclonal antibodies could reverse rabbit corneal graft rejection. to provide a rational basis for the choice of monoclonal antibodies as potential immunosuppressive agents, the phenotypes of cells infiltrating rejecting rabbit corneal allografts were examined by immunohistochemistry. about half the leukocytes accumulating in these grafts bore an immunodominant t cell marker, over two-thirds carried mhc class ii anti ...	1992	1631942
hand preference in the use and manufacture of tools by tufted capuchin (cebus apella) and lion-tailed macaque (macaca silenus) monkeys.	the purpose of this study was to examine hand preference in the use and manufacture of probing tools by tufted capuchin and lion-tailed macaque monkeys (cebus apella and macaca silenus). hand preference for the tool-using sequence was noted in 4 of 5 capuchins (a left-hand preference was noted in 3 ss) and 3 of 4 macaques (a left-hand preference was noted in 2 ss). the monkeys frequently used bimanual action in the initial and final segments of the 3-component task and typically modified tools t ...	1991	1688332
evidence for a fel d i-like molecule in the "big cats" (felidae species).	in this study, we investigated the cross-reactivity pattern of ige and igg4 antibodies to the major feline allergen, fel d i. we studied the ige and igg4 response of 11 cat-allergic patients against fel d i-like structures in eight members of the felidae family: ocelot, puma, serval, siberian tiger, lion, jaguar, snow leopard, and caracal. hair from these "big cats" was collected, extracted, and used in a rast system and histamine-release test. by means of a rast-inhibition assay with affinity-p ...	1990	1695231
on the facial artery of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus temminck).	detailed observations were made of the facial artery in 20 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus temminck) utilizing the plastic injection method. the findings obtained were discussed in comparison with the facial artery of carnivorae. the facial artery diverged anterolaterally from the external carotid artery independently at a position between the origins of the lingual and the posterior auricular arteries when the external carotid bent laterally in front of the tympanic bulla. thi ...	1991	1758686
on the laminar formation of the masseter muscle in the lion (panthera leo).	an investigation was made of the laminar structure of the masseter muscle in 3 lions (panthera leo s. felis leo), and the findings obtained were evaluated in comparison with those in some other carnivora. although the general aspect of the masseter of the lion resembled that of the cat, there was no close similarity or analogy between them. the construction of the masseter in the lion was as follows. the superficial layer consisted of primary and secondary sublayers, the intermediate layer was c ...	1991	1758687
the east anglian eye bank.	the first corneal bank in east anglia is located at the bupa hospital in norwich, a joint venture between nhs, bupa and the lions clubs international (district 101 ea). there was insufficient space to accommodate the bank at the west norwich hospital where the ophthalmic department is situated and so, at the suggestion of the bupa hospital manager, mr paul hanke, it came to the bupa colney lane site.	2007	1802078
rescue and maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes collected from nondomestic felid species.	the potential for rescuing immature oocytes from the ovaries of females of rare felid species which die or undergo medical ovariohysterectomy was evaluated. ovaries were recovered from 13 species representing 35 individuals in good-to-poor health. although the majority of females were 10 yr of age or older and in fair-to-poor health, a total of 846 oocytes were recovered of which 608 (71.9%) were classified as fair-to-excellent quality. one hundred of these oocytes were used for initial maturati ...	1991	1805993
the response of evidential breath alcohol testing instruments with subjects exposed to organic solvents and gases. i. toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and butane.	experimental work has been undertaken to investigate the potential interference of toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and butane with the evidential breath alcohol testing instruments used in great britain (lion intoximeter 3000 and camic breath analyser). volunteers inhaled the volatile substances in an exposure chamber for up to 4 hours, at concentrations of 100, 350 and 600ppm respectively. subsequently breath was tested on leaving the chamber. no interference was observed with the breath alcohol ...	1991	1822580
the response of evidential breath alcohol testing instruments with subjects exposed to organic solvents and gases. ii. white spirit and nonane.	following exposure to white spirit vapour, the effect of the expired solvent on evidential breath alcohol equipment was investigated under controlled exposure chamber conditions and in a simulated painting exercise. five volunteers inhaled the solvent in an exposure chamber at a concentration of 100ppm for periods up to 4h 17min. two other volunteers were exposed to white spirit while painting with domestic gloss paint in an unventilated room under which conditions exposure concentrations reache ...	1991	1822581
in vitro drug sensitivity of trypanosoma congolense isolates.	the sensitivity of trypanosoma congolense isolates to diminazene and isometamidium was determined using an incorporation assay based on the uptake of [3h]-hypoxanthine in the presence of serial drug dilutions. the bloodstream forms of the different isolates exhibited variation in their sensitivity to the drugs that correlated well with the in vivo drug response. for diminazene, the sensitivity of the most sensitive population was 40 times that of the least sensitive population. for isometamidium ...	1991	1866422
brief communication: morphometric data for adult lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus).	basic morphometric data were collected from 22 adult lion-tailed macaques (m. silenus) of both sexes. m. silenus is a rare primate species from which adequate morphometric data have not heretofore been available for comparative purposes. data collected include measures of gross body size (weight; crown-rump and rump-heel length), and for males, measures of secondary sexual characteristics (canine tooth and testes size). degree of sexual dimorphism was marked, with males significantly larger and ...	1991	1882986
developmental changes in pituitary-gonadal function in free-ranging lions (panthera leo leo) of the serengeti plains and ngorongoro crater.	pituitary-gonadal function was examined in male lions free-ranging in the serengeti plains or geographically isolated in the ngorongoro crater of tanzania. lions were classified by age as adult (6.1-9.8 years), young adult (3.3-4.5 years) or prepubertal (1.4-1.6 years, serengeti plains only). each animal was anaesthetized and then bled at 5-min intervals for 100 min before and 140 min after i.v. administration of saline or gnrh (1 micrograms/kg body weight). basal serum lh and fsh concentrations ...	1991	1899889
aquatic ape theory and fossil hominids.	while most older palaeo-anthropological studies emphasise the similarities of the fossil hominids with modern man, recent studies often stress the unique and the apelike features of the australopithecine dentitions, skulls and postcranial bones. it is worth reconsidering the features of australopithecus, homo erectus and homo neanderthalensis in the light of the so-called aquatic ape theory (aat) of hardy and morgan, and to compare the skeletal parts of our fossil relatives with those of (semi)a ...	1991	1909768
a study and analysis of spinal canal diseases in the black lion hospital by myelography.	sixty seven lumbar and thoracic myelographic examinations were performed during the period february 1987 to september 1988. fourteen patients (21%) had normal myelography while 53 (79%) patients had pathological findings. spinal canal tumours accounted for the majority of complete csf blocks (76.7%) seventy-five per cent of the intradural tumours showed no abnormality on plain films of the vertebral column, whereas 75% of the extradural tumours had pathological findings. dorsal (central) disc he ...	1991	1915323
the red lion lounge bar: an unusual setting for day care of the elderly mentally infirm.		1991	1917372
a survey of colonic pathology with a double contrast method and analysis of the indication for a barium enema.	a prospective study of colonic pathology with double contrast method was made of 146 patients sent to the x-ray department of the black lion hospital, addis ababa. the barium enemata were done for complaints like constipation, diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and palpable abdominal mass often without any relevant prior physical clinical examinations. of those examined only 26 (17.8%) patients were found to have radiologically colonic pathology and the rest, 120 (82.2%) patients were reported normal. t ...	1991	1935725
analytical dna fingerprinting in lions: parentage, genetic diversity, and kinship.	the application of hypervariable minisatellite genomic families to the reconstruction of population genetic structure holds great promise in describing the demographic history and future prospects of free-ranging populations. this potential has not yet been realized due to unforeseen empirical constraints associated with the use of heterologous species probes, to theoretical limitations on the power of the procedure to track genic heterozygosity and kinship, and to the absence of extensive field ...	1991	1940281
lipoproteins in pinnipeds: analysis of a high molecular weight form of apolipoprotein e.	we have examined the apolipoprotein content of the lipoproteins of several marine mammals by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. their apolipoprotein (apo) b-100, apob-48, and apoa-i migrated to virtually the same position as the comparable human apolipoproteins. in cetaceans (bottlenose dolphins and killer whales), the molecular mass of the apoe was identical to that of human apoe (35 kda). in contrast, in the lipoproteins of pinnipeds (harbor seals, sea lions, and walrus ...	1991	1940617
rheumatoid-like arthritis in a lion tailed macaque.	very few satisfactory models of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) exist in nonhuman species. it is particularly striking that nonhuman primates have only rarely been described to have disease processes resembling classic ra seen in humans. we describe the case of a lion tailed macaque (macaca silenus), housed at the national zoological park in washington dc, that had a polyarticular inflammatory arthropathy resembling ra. gross and histopathologic examination of necropsy tissues and radiographic finding ...	1991	1941834
dna variation of the mammalian major histocompatibility complex reflects genomic diversity and population history.	the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a multigene complex of tightly linked homologous genes that encode cell surface antigens that play a key role in immune regulation and response to foreign antigens. in most species, mhc gene products display extreme antigenic polymorphism, and their variability has been interpreted to reflect an adaptive strategy for accommodating rapidly evolving infectious agents that periodically afflict natural populations. determination of the extent of mhc vari ...	1990	1967831
impact of a camp experience on choice of coping strategies by adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	summer camps for children with iddm have allowed educators to expand diabetes curricula and test novel approaches to education. yet few evaluations have been published assessing the effectiveness of these types of educational interventions. the present study was designed as a formative assessment to provide preliminary evaluation of the impact of a life skills curriculum designed to increase awareness of different techniques that may be useful in managing stress. life skills curricula are includ ...	2017	1986904
umbrellas and lions.		1991	1999692
a test of a disease-avoidance model of animal phobias.	this study examined the relationship between disgust/contamination sensitivity and fear of animals. the results suggested that sensitivity to disgust and contamination was directly related to scores on the animal phobia and fear of illness and death sub-scales of the fear survey schedule (fss). further analysis suggested that disgust/contamination sensitivity was related only to fear of certain groups of animals: namely those animals that are not considered to attack and harm human beings but ar ...	1991	2012593
sightfirst: lions conquering blindness.		1991	2025160
the effect of submergence on heart rate and oxygen consumption of swimming seals and sea lions.	respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular responses to swimming were examined in two species of pinniped, the harbor seal (phoca vitulina) and the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). 1. harbor seals remained submerged for 82-92% of the time at swimming speeds below 1.2 m.s-1. at higher speeds, including simulated speeds above 1.4 m.s-1, the percentage of time spent submerged decreased, and was inversely related to body weight. in contrast, the percentage of time spent submerged did no ...	1991	2045544
profile of a cancer detection camp.	the organisation and management of a cancer detection camp in rural area of andhra pradesh with the help of lions club and medical college staff were described. people with any one of the seven warning signals of cancer were asked to attend the camp. more women, most of them in reproductive age, attended the camp with unusual vaginal bleeding and lump in the breast. among men, a large group complained of chronic cough. smear for papanicolaou's stain was used as a tool for screening of cervical c ...	1991	2051043
tuberculosis in a captive colony of pinnipeds.	tuberculosis was diagnosed in 10 of 16 otariid seals upon post mortem examination. the species involved were new zealand fur seals (arctocephalus forsteri), australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) and an australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). five seals died, four as a direct result of mycobacterial infection. one seal died of unrelated disease. the remaining 10 animals were subsequently tuberculin tested and then killed and necropsied. tuberculous lesions were seen in five. gro ...	1991	2067051
[infection caused by pasteurella multocida after a lion bite].		1990	2090239
solvent inhalation and 'apparent' alcohol studies on the lion intoximeter 3000.	studies were carried out on two individuals who sprayed cars with paints under normal working conditions without the use of protective clothing or face masks. measurements of 'apparent' breath alcohol levels were carried out on a lion intoximeter 3000 evidential breath analyser and showed no long-term post-spraying retention of solvents in the breath.	2013	2093101
patterns of social preference across different social contexts in golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia).	we investigated the role of mutual and circumstantial factors in maintaining exclusive social relationships in a new world primate. four breeding pairs of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) were allowed to interact with their mate or an unfamiliar, opposite-sex adult in each of 4 different social contexts: in view of the mate, out of the mate's view, with only the mate present, and with only the unfamiliar animal present. males and females were in proximity to, approached, and ...	1990	2114250
prevalence of hematozoans in lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) in serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater, tanzania.	lions (panthera leo) and cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) from the serengeti national park and ngorongoro crater conservation area, tanzania were examined for the presence of blood protozoans. twenty-eight percent of the lions were infected with trypanosoma sp. and the prevalence of trypanosome infection varied significantly between adjacent habitats. all of the animals were infected with hepatozoon sp. and a theileria sp.-like piroplasm that was morphologically indistinguishable from theileria felis.	1990	2117677
rabies, microbesnoitiosis and sarcocystosis in a lion.		1990	2125157
[mycobacteriosis in sea mammals and birds].	different diagnostic techniques for mycobacteria were studied in sea lions, sea elephants, fur seals, dolphins, killer whales and penguins from a sea aquarium. three strains were isolated from fur seals. two were classified as mycobacterium chelonae and one as mycobacterium fortuitum complex. there was good correlation between the results given by the intradermal tuberculin test and elisa, but the former is recommended as a screening test on the basis of its practicality. results and methodology ...	1990	2132708
universal immunization programme in assam and west bengal.	in 1990, the universal immunization programme (uip) was able to do fairly well in assam and west bengal in india. immunization coverage rates varied as low as 59.5% for measles in assam and 69.63% in west bengal to as high as 80.13% for bcg and 104.73% respectively. all primary health centers provided immunizations on mondays in assam and on wednesdays in west bengal. eventually district and block health officials extended these fixed days to subcenter and village levels. further major hospi ...	1990	2133576
new marine calicivirus serotype infective for swine.	a new serotype of calicivirus was isolated from california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with severe vesicular disease. neutralizing antibodies were found in 27 of 82 (32.9%) serum samples from california sea lions and in 15 of 146 (10.3%) serum samples from steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) tested. the seropositive animals were widely dispersed along the margins of the eastern pacific basin, from the bering sea to the santa barbara channel. seropositive samples were found from as earl ...	1990	2167030
the facial artery of the lion (panthera leo).	an investigation was made of the facial artery in 3 heads of the lion (panthera s. felis leo) in the possession of the authors' department. the heads were injected with acryl plastic via the common carotid artery and were examined from the standpoint of the comparative anatomy. five sides of these 3 heads were prepared to vascular corrosion casts and the remaining side to a dessection specimen preserved in formalin solution. the facial artery of the lion arose independently from the anteroinferi ...	1990	2186329
human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in patients with lymphoid neoplasia.	fourty-four patients with lymphoid neoplasia 37 males and 7 females aged 15 to 75 years, were seen in the department of internal medicine, tikur anbessa (black lion) hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia, between january and december 1988. twenty-seven (61.4%) had non-hodgkin's lymphoma, eleven (25%) hodgkin's disease and six (13.6%) chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. six (22.2%) of the non-hodgkin's lymphoma one, (9.1%) of the hodgkin's disease and none of the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cases had posi ...	1990	2209577
eye banking: the minnesota experience.	we present a brief report on the activities of the minnesota lions eye bank. this eye bank receives and supplies tissue to several midwestern states. in addition, it plays a vital role in providing tissue for research and training at the university of minnesota. in association with the department of ophthalmology, the eye bank is also actively involved in the research and development of various corneal preservation systems. included below is information relative to procedures used in the eye ban ...	1990	2221705
molecular genetic divergence of orang utan (pongo pygmaeus) subspecies based on isozyme and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.	the orang utan (pongo pygmaeus), as currently recognized, includes two geographically separated subspecies: pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, which resides on borneo, and p. p. abelii, which inhabits sumatra. at present, there is no known route of gene flow between the two populations except through captive individuals which have been released back into the wild over the last several decades. the two subspecies are differentiated by morphological and behavioral characters, and they can be distinguished b ...	1990	2230076
review of animal mycoses in australia.	this review covers the available literature on the mycoses of animals in australia since the last review published in 1967. of the cutaneous infections, dermatophytoses have been recorded in a wide range of animals: cattle, horses, goats, pigs, sheep, cats, dogs, mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, a lion, kangaroos, a camel, koalas and wallabies. these infections were caused by several species and varieties of the genera, microsporum and trichophyton. eight agents of ringworms have been recorded in the ...	1990	2233984
medical indications and contraindications for eye donation.	potentially useful and valuable donor-eye tissue is lost because physicians decide erroneously that certain deceased people are not suitable donors. the indiana lions eye bank inc. needs and will receive with gratitude any and all donated eyes. donated ocular tissue can be used for research or teaching, if not for actual transplantation. all deceased people should be regarded as suitable eye donors, except when the cause of death or other factors might pose risks for enucleators themselves.	1990	2262674
leukaemia in adult ethiopians.	the pattern of leukaemias in adult ethiopians admitted to tikur anbessa (black lion) hospital, a teaching and referral hospital in addis ababa, ethiopia, from january 1982 to december 1987 [corrected] is analyzed. there were a total of 7969 medical admissions, of which 180 (2.3%) were for leukaemia. the age range was 14 to 80 years, with a mean of 37.6 years. the male:female ratio was 2.3:1. the commonest type of leukaemia was chronic myeloid leukaemia (cml) 57.8%, acute leukaemias and chronic l ...	1990	2307156
a case report: encephalitis in lions. pathological and virological findings.	an acute outbreak of encephalomyelitis in lions from a safari-park was investigated. three moribund lions were euthanatized and a post mortem examination was performed. a disseminated non-suppurative polioencephalomyelitis with demyelination in the spinal cord was the only pathological finding. from tonsil material of one lion feline herpesvirus type 1 was isolated. canine distemper virus, pseudorabies virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and rabies were excluded as cause of the disease. t ...	1990	2311536
donor cornea procurement: six-year review of the role of the eye bank in south australia.	the lions eye bank of south australia was established six years ago and has collected corneas from 790 donors. the consent rate is currently 82% of requests made. two-thirds of donors have been male, with mean donor age/year varying from 54 to 64 years (range two to 93 years). cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, trauma and haemorrhage account for 80% of all donor deaths. mean death to enucleation time is five hours. corneas assessed as being of excellent or very good quality are released pr ...	1990	2357362
pump function of the human corneal endothelium. effects of age and cornea guttata.	the specific binding of tritiated ouabain to endothelial na/k atpase was used to quantitate the density of pump sites in the human corneal endothelium. donor eyes, unsuitable for use in keratoplasty, were obtained from the wisconsin lions eye bank. the endothelium of each donor eye was examined using wide-field specular microscopy, and the specular micrographs were traced and digitized for the determination of cell density. ouabain binding was measured in matched pairs of isolated endothelial sh ...	1985	2412197
ectoparasitic acari found on golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) from brazil.	anesthetized golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia), a highly endangered species, were examined for ectoparasites by brushing the fur and swabbing the ears. ectoparasites recovered from the fur included four species of immature ticks (amblyomma spp.), three species of chiggers (euschoengastia sp., microtrombicula brennani and speleocola tamarina), and one species of follicular mite (rhyncoptes anastosi). ectoparasites do not seem to be of particular significance to the health of t ...	1989	2503627
a new transmissible viral hepatitis of marmosets and tamarins.	callitrichid hepatitis (ch) is a newly recognized, acute, fatal, epizootic disease of new world primates in the family callitrichidae. since 1980, 12 outbreaks of ch have occurred in us zoos, involving several callitrichid species including the endangered golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia). ch was experimentally transmitted to common marmosets via a bacteria-free filtrate of liver from a naturally infected tamarin. all three inoculated marmosets developed an acute fatal disease with th ...	1989	2509570
occurrence of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae on pork and in pig slurry, and the distribution of specific antibodies in abattoir workers.	strains of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated at 19 pig farms serving a certain abattoir, and on pork and in workers of this abattoir were studied. mouse-pathogenic e. rhusiopathiae was found in pig slurry from two farms (11%). the strains belonged to serotypes 7 and 16 (both from the same farm) or were untypable. in pig slurry from the abattoir lairage only serotype 2 strains were found and all were pathogenic to mice. mouse-pathogenic e. rhusiopathiae strains of serotype 2 were also recover ...	1989	2584166
infant hearing screening in mississippi.	four national professional associations through their representatives on the joint committee on infant hearing have endorsed the importance of early identification of hearing impaired children. in this article the author reports on the past seven years of the infant hearing screening program at the university of mississippi medical center. he notes that efforts are currently underway to extend the ihs program to other hospitals in mississippi in cooperation with the lions club. at the present ti ...	1989	2593149
selenium toxicosis in three california sea lions (zalophus californianus).	selenium poisoning occurs worldwide in nearly all domestic animals. acute selenium poisoning is associated with feeding high levels or injecting excessive amounts of selenium and is usually fatal. the acute poisoning may cause gastrointestinal disturbance, muscle weakness, depression of the central nervous system, prostration and death (1-2). chronic selenium poisoning in cattle, sheep and horses may result from the consumption of seleniferous plants over an extended period of time. chronic sele ...	1989	2617840
[the rete mirabile of the maxillary artery of the lion (panthera leo, l. 1758)].	seventeen lion heads were examined. their arteries were injected with colored supervinyl-chloride (dissolved in acetone) after which the heads were macerated biologically. the rete mirabile of the maxillary artery was located extracranially and was formed by numerous arteries that arose from the dorsal and medial surfaces of the maxillary artery. the rete released branches (rami retis) which entered the cranial cavity through the orbital fissure where they anastomosed with the intracranial segme ...	1989	2624326
the amino-acid sequence of the double-headed proteinase inhibitor from badger (meles meles) submandibular glands.	badger submandibular glands contain a double-headed secretory proteinase inhibitor. its amino acid sequence was determined. extensive homologies were found between this inhibitor and the corresponding inhibitors of fox, dog, lion and cat in both domains. as in fox and dog inhibitor, the trypsin-inhibiting domain of badger inhibitor contains an arg residue in the reactive site in contrast to a lys residue in the inhibitors of lion and cat. domains i and ii of badger inhibitor are structurally rel ...	1989	2626426
[karyotyping of the lion (panthera leo)].	a short description of the chromosome analysis of the lion, panthera leo, is given. the chromosome number was found to be 38. the chromosomes can be divided into six groups, which consist of submetacentric, metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes.	1989	2724288
body politic: lions or paper tigers?		2004	2726559
skills for adolescence: experience with the international lions-quest program.	this article describes the development of the lions-quest skills for adolescence program. the primary purpose of this program is to respond to the needs of young people by helping them become more self aware, more skilled, more able to make positive and healthy choices, and better able to make informed, aware, and considered decisions about their own behavior. skills for adolescence is one school/community/parent-based curricular program that attempts to address health, life skills, and preventi ...	2009	2736950
acute disseminated toxoplasmosis in two captive lions (panthera leo) in nigeria.		1989	2756626
viable spermatozoa in the bladder after electroejaculation of lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus).	the bladder of 6 lion-tailed macaques was emptied and flushed with sterile saline. talp-hepes buffer was infused and the animals were electroejaculated. after electroejaculation, the semen quality was determined in the ejaculate and the bladder infusate. of the 15 ejaculates analysed, a mean (+/- s.e.m.) sperm count of 133.8 (+/- 30.7) x 10(6) with 69.5 (+/- 6.0)% motility was obtained in the infusate as compared to the sperm count of 72.4 (+/- 38.6) x 10(6) with significantly lower (47.7 +/- 5. ...	1989	2760902
use of telazol to immobilize female northern sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska.	twenty-nine female northern sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) were immobilized using telazol in dosages ranging from 1.8 to 8.1 mg/kg. best results were achieved with telazol dosages ranging between 1.8 and 2.5 mg/kg which resulted in smooth induction and recovery. optimal injection location was in the muscle mass of the lower back and hip. dosages greater than 3.5 mg/kg resulted in a tendency toward hypothermia. six mortalities occurred which were partially caused by the location of drug injection ...	1989	2761007
fatalities caused by nonvenomous animals: a ten-year summary from sweden.	all 58 deaths caused by nonvenomous animals in sweden 1975-1984 were scrutinized. in 38 cases horses were involved, in 16 cattle and in one case each a moose, a lion, a dog and a ram. in the horse-related fatalities, the most common cause of accident was that the horse bolted or reared, causing the rider to fall off the horse or the cart or sulky. falls were thus associated with 22 horse-related deaths. in cattle-related accidents, all fatalities where the cause of accident was known occurred du ...	1989	2765081
subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy in aged domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species--a light and selected electron microscopic study.	lumbar polyradiculopathy, characterized by ballooning myelin sheaths and axonal distortion, was documented in multiple, aged, domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species. animals studied that exhibited this nerve rootlet change included the goat, sheep, pig, white-tailed deer, gerbil, vole, ferret, beaver, hedgehog, chinchilla, north chinese leopard, lion, cheetah, mountain lion, llama, east african eland, uganda giraffe, polar bear, and drill. ultrastructurally, lumbar nerve rootlets fro ...	1989	2766747
[species specific motility patterns of hyperactivated mammalian spermatozoa and quantitative analysis of the hyperactivation of bull spermatozoa].	movement tracks of spermatozoa of human, lion, tiger, cow, pig and sheep are recorded by dark field photography (fluid layer thickness 16.7 microns, exposure time 1 s). comparison before and after capacitation by an incubation of 2 h in modified tissue culture medium tcm 199 with 10% fetal calf serum resulted in two quite different patterns of hyperactivated spermatozoa: 1) tracks are broadened due to enlarged lateral head displacement or radius of rotating head movements respectively (tiger, li ...	1989	2774216
osgood-schlatter disease in an african lion in the middle east.		2003	2790443
chemoreceptively active compounds in secretions, excretions and tissue extracts of marine mammals.	semen, prostate glandular extract, perianal glandular secretion, urine, feces and blood from atlantic bottlenose dolphins, tursiops truncatus, were analyzed chemically by gas chromatography. a fecal sample from a california sea lion, zalophus californianus, was analyzed similarly. acids, esters, amino acids, amines, steroids, esters, sugars and alcohols were among the compounds revealed in the analyses. twenty-two identified compounds can be detected gustatorily in aqueous solutions of sufficien ...	1985	2866871
basic haematological values in carnivores--ii. the felidae.	1. basic haematological values in 34 animals of eight carnivorous species are reported. 2. in four northern lynxs (lynx lynx lynx), two male and two female animals, the mean values are given: erythrocyte counts 8.51 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.392/l, haemoglobin content 148.0 g/l and leukocyte count 7.92 x 10(9)/l. 3. in six male pumas (puma concolor missolensis) the mean values estimated are: erythrocyte count 9.35 x 10(12)/l, haematocrit 0.43/l, haemoglobin content 163.9 g/l and leukocyte count ...	1987	2886279
isolation of a retrovirus and a herpesvirus from a captive california sea lion.	a non-oncogenic retrovirus was isolated from an explanted skin biopsy from a captive california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with a history of recurring skin lesions. the morphology of the viral particles in electron photomicrographs was characteristic of a foamy virus, a retrovirus in the subfamily spumavirinae. viral cytopathic effects consistent with foamy virus infection were observed in subsequent explants of skin and lymph nodes and co-cultivated peripheral blood leukocytes. the sea l ...	1986	3012127
the causes of false-positives encountered during the screening of old-world primates for antibodies to human and simian retroviruses by elisa.	sera from 526 old-world primates representing 50 different species were screened by elisa for antibodies to human t-lymphotropic viruses i and iii, and simian retrovirus type 1 (srv-1). about one-fourth of the sera were positive by elisa. there was a tendency, however, for the same sera to be positive for all three human and simian retroviruses. only about one in five of the elisa antibody-positive sera were confirmed to be positive by western blotting. false-positive elisa antibody tests were p ...	1986	3025237
[breast feeding as "alternative" nutrition? an orientation aid in the field spanning ideology and current status].	recommending breast feeding supports a trend "back to nature". however, there are believers in the unbiased goodness of nature, who claim effects of mothers milk, e.g. protection from the evils of civilization, that are not confirmed by current scientific knowledge. as nature is not uniquely good (it feeds the donkey and the lion), and as biology is not perfect, breast feeding does not guarantee an uneventful infancy and childhood. there is even a pathology of breast feeding that the pediatricia ...	1988	3043205
mandibular and dental abnormalities of two pleistocene american lions (panthera leo atrox) from yukon territory.	fragmented mandibles of two pleistocene lions (panthera leo atrox) recovered from yukon territory possessed acquired pathological changes and congenital abnormalities, judging from the anatomy of contemporary and modern lions. one specimen showed evidence of chronic periodontitis, an extensive sclerosing osteomyelitis and congenital absence of left lower incisor teeth 1 and 2. the second showed long-standing loss of the left lower canine tooth with subsequent obliteration of the alveolus by lame ...	1988	3058278
good prospects for lion tamarins.		2006	3092110
genetic variation within and among lion tamarins.	the golden lion tamarin leontopithecus rosalia rosalia, one of the rarest and most endangered of new world primates, has been the focus of an intensive research and conservation effort for two decades. during that period, managed breeding from 44 founders has brought the captive population to over 400 individuals, a number that equals or exceeds the estimated number of free-ranging golden lion tamarins. the extent of genetic variation among golden lion tamarins was estimated with an electrophore ...	1986	3096142
a human-derived probe, p82h, hybridizes to the centromeres of gorilla, chimpanzee, and orangutan.	a human-derived centromeric sequence, p82h, hybridizes to dna from gorilla, chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, and orangutan. on dna blots, multimeric ladders based on 170 or 340 bp repeat units are seen. in metaphase chromosome preparations from these species, p82h hybridizes to the centromeric region of every chromosome. p82h forms less stable hybrids with dna from the lion-tailed macaque and does not hybridize to dna or chromosomes of the owl monkey or the mouse.	1988	3133178
mating patterns in the golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia): continuous receptivity and concealed estrus.	sociosexual behavior was monitored on a daily basis for 3 months in 5 pairs of golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia). urine samples were collected daily from each female and urinary estrogen cycles were determined by radioimmunoassay. mounts and copulations were observed during all phases of the estrogen cycle. peaks or regular cycles in sexual behavior were not documented. there were no significant changes in affiliative behavior by females or males that were associated with changes in ...	1987	3143650
comparative chromosome morphology in three callitrichid genera: cebuella, callithrix, and leontopithecus.	a g-band karyotypic analysis was carried out in individual species groups of three callitrichid primate genera: cebuella, callithrix, and leontopithecus. within callithrix, the karyotypes of the morphologically distinct and geographically isolated morphotypes c. jacchus jacchus and c. jacchus penicillata were identical. within the lion tamarin genus, leontopithecus, the karyotypes of the three morphotypes (l. rosalia rosalia, l. rosalia chrysomelas and l. rosalia chrysopygus) were also indisting ...	2010	3145301
[experiences with the "lion alcometer ae-d3" in determining blood alcohol and breath alcohol].		1988	3178659
us sea lions join casualties.		1988	3185724
the use of meperidine hydrochloride for chemical restraint in certain cetaceans and pinnipeds.	meperidine hcl was administered intramuscularly by hand-syringe to a number of individuals representing several species of cetaceans (n = 95) and pinnipeds (n = 36). dosage administered was 0.11 mg/kg, 0.23 mg/kg or 0.45 mg/kg, with the majority of animals receiving the middle dosage. meperidine hcl provided moderate restraint in cetaceans without obvious deleterious effects. restraint was achieved rapidly, with maximum effect occurring 20 min after intramuscular injection and lasting for 2 to 3 ...	1988	3193567
the amino-acid sequences of the double-headed proteinase inhibitors from cat, lion and dog submandibular glands.	cat and lion submandibular glands each contain a double-headed secretory proteinase inhibitor. their amino-acid sequences were determined, and the amino-acid sequence of the inhibitor of dog submandibular glands was revised. extensive homologies were found between these inhibitors in both domains. the trypsin-inhibiting domains of cat and lion inhibitors, however, contain a lys residue in the reactive site in contrast to an arg residue in the dog inhibitor. domains i and ii of cat, lion, and dog ...	1987	3304339
impact of routine inquiry legislation in oregon on eye donations.	routine inquiry legislation can significantly affect procurement of donor eye tissues. oregon revised statute (ors) 97.268 was the first legislation of this type passed in the united states. in the first 12 months under this legislation, the oregon lions eye bank obtained, 2,312 eyes, sustaining a 135% increase in donor eye procurement over the yearly average for 1984-1985. during the first 12 months of routine inquiry, 484 corneas suitable for penetrating keratoplasty were obtained versus an an ...	1987	3315459
thrown to the lions.		2016	3347545