Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| lamination of the masticatory muscles in the kangaroo according to their innervation. | an analysis of the laminations of the masseteric, zygomaticomandibular and temporalis muscles of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and all of the masticatory muscles of the eastern gray kangaroo (macropus giganteus) was carried out based on their innervation. the masseteric muscle was divided into superficial and deep layers; the superficial layer was further subdivided into three laminae from the rostro-lateral portion to caudo-internal portion. the deep layer was divided into lateral, caudo-in ... | 2000 | 10774228 |
| effect of beta-antagonists on isoprenaline-induced secretion of fluid, amylase and protein by the parotid gland of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus. | selective and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists were used to block the increases in fluid, protein and amylase secretion caused by sympathomimetic stimulation of the parotid gland of red kangaroos during intracarotid infusion of isoprenaline. ici118551 at antagonist/agonist ratios up to 300:1 caused increasing but incomplete blockade of fluid secretion, and protein/amylase release. atenolol at antagonist/agonist ratios up to 300:1 was only marginally more potent than ici118551 at block ... | 2000 | 10825691 |
| blockade of isoprenaline-induced fluid and protein secretion by the mandibular glands of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus, with selective antagonists. | selective and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists were used to block the increases in fluid and protein secretion caused by sympathomimetic stimulation of the mandibular gland of red kangaroos during intracarotid infusion of isoprenaline. atenolol or ici118551 at antagonist:agonist ratios up to 300:1 caused increasing but incomplete blockade of fluid secretion and protein release. both selective antagonists had equal potency and both antagonists were more effective at blocking protein re ... | 2000 | 10869482 |
| cuterebra myiasis in a group of red kangaroos (megaleia rufa), a bennett's wallaby (macropus rufogriseus fruticus), and a gunther's dik dik (maloqua guentheri smithi). | a group of four red kangaroos (megaleia rufa), a bennett's wallaby (macropus rufogriseus fruticus), and a gunther's dik dik (maloqua guentheri smithi) were presented over a 2-mo period with draining lesions over the thorax or on the lateral aspect of a hind leg. only one animal exhibited more than one lesion. physical examinations revealed infections with fly larvae. the parasites were manually removed and identified as cuterebra spp. all of the affected animals survived, with no apparent side e ... | 2000 | 10884138 |
| thermoregulation by kangaroos from mesic and arid habitats: influence of temperature on routes of heat loss in eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (macropus rufus). | we examined thermoregulation in red kangaroos (macropus rufus) from deserts and in eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) from mesic forests/woodlands. desert kangaroos have complex evaporative heat loss mechanisms, but the relative importance of these mechanisms is unclear. little is known of the abilities of grey kangaroos. our detailed study of these kangaroos' thermoregulatory responses at air temperatures (t(a)) from -5 degrees to 45 degrees c showed that, while some differences occur, ... | 2006 | 10893177 |
| ventilatory accommodation of oxygen demand and respiratory water loss in kangaroos from mesic and arid environments, the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) and the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | we studied ventilation in kangaroos from mesic and arid environments, the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) and the red kangaroo (macropus rufus), respectively, within the range of ambient temperatures (t(a)) from -5 degrees to 45 degrees c. at thermoneutral temperatures (ta=25 degrees c), there were no differences between the species in respiratory frequency, tidal volume, total ventilation, or oxygen extraction. the ventilatory patterns of the kangaroos were markedly different from th ... | 2006 | 10893178 |
| selective stimulation and blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors in the mandibular gland of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus. | intracarotid infusions of noradrenaline (0.15 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) either alone or accompanied by phentolamine (1.5 nmol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) caused similar-sized increases in salivary protein, magnesium and bicarbonate, and decreases in osmolality, sodium, potassium and chloride whereas intravenous noradrenaline stimulated much smaller responses. concurrent infusions of the beta1-antagonist, cgp20712a, blocked these noradrenaline-induced changes in salivary composition more effectively than ... | 2000 | 11192265 |
| jaw-closing muscles of kangaroos express alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain. | the masseter muscle of eutherian grazing mammals typically express beta or slow myosin heavy chain (myhc). myosins in the masseter of 4 species of kangaroos and a slow limb muscle of one of them were compared with their cardiac myosin by pyrophosphate and sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. it was found that ventricular muscle contains three isoforms homologous to v1 (alpha-myhc homodimer), v2 (heterodimer) and v3 (beta-myhc homodimer) of e ... | 2000 | 11227794 |
| erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red (macropus rufus) and grey (macropus fuliginosus and macropus giganteus) kangaroos and free-ranging sheep of the arid regions of australia. | the mean corpuscular fragility (mcf) of erythrocytes may reflect phylogenetic characteristics as well as an animal's ability to respond to the osmotic challenges associated with cyclic dehydration and rehydration. this type of ecophysiological stress is commonly encountered by animals living in arid regions and low mcf may contribute to their ability to survive and thrive in these xeric habitats. the eastern grey kangaroo has only in recent times extended its range into the arid zone, and is con ... | 2001 | 11263725 |
| mutation scanning analysis of sequence heterogeneity in the second internal transcribed spacer (rdna) within some members of the hypodontus macropi (nematoda: strongyloidea) complex. | single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was employed to investigate sequence variation in the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of nuclear ribosomal dna within and among individuals representing three operational taxonomic units (otus) of hypodontus macropi from different species of australian macropodid marsupials. of the 96 nematodes analysed, totals of 3 (otu1 from petrogale persephone), 10 (otu2 from macropus robustus) and 7 (otu9 from macropus rufus) representative individ ... | 2001 | 11358128 |
| the laminar structure of the common opossum masseter (didelphis marsupialis). | using three heads of the common opossum (didelphis marsupialis), which may be considered to have a primitive mammalian form and therefore be appropriate for this study, the laminar structure of the masseter was investigated. we also attempted a comparative anatomical study of the relationships of food habits to the laminar structures of the masseter, zygomatic arch and mandibular ramus. in the common opossum masseter, a total of six layers, the primary and secondary sublayers of the superficial ... | 2001 | 11392012 |
| secretion of whey acidic protein and cystatin is down regulated at mid-lactation in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | milk collected from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) between day 100 and 260 of lactation showed major changes in milk composition at around day 200 of lactation, the time at which the pouch young begins to temporarily exit the pouch and eat herbage. the carbohydrate content of milk declined abruptly at this time and although there was only a small increase in total protein content, sds page analysis of milk revealed asynchrony in the secretory pattern of individual proteins. the levels of alph ... | 2001 | 11440871 |
| single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of genetic variation in labiostrongylus longispicularis from kangaroos. | single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis was employed to screen for sequence heterogeneity in the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of ribosomal (r) dna of labiostrongylus longispicularis, a parasitic strongylid nematode occuring in some species of kangaroo in different geographical regions of australia. the results showed that most of the nematodes screened had different sscp profiles, which were subsequently shown to correspond to polymorphisms and/or an indel in the it ... | 2001 | 11465490 |
| free-ranging heart rate, body temperature and energy metabolism in eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (macropus rufus) in the arid regions of south east australia. | eastern grey kangaroos (macropus giganteus) are generally regarded as mesic inhabitants. even though access to drinking water in permanent stock watering troughs is commonly available, these animals are still found in only low densities in arid pastoral areas. we hypothesised that the differential success of red and grey kangaroos in the arid zone may be due to higher energy requirements of m. giganteus with a concomitant need for increased food, rather than limitations imposed by inadequate wat ... | 2001 | 11497128 |
| cloning of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit. | the cdna encoding the follicle stimulating hormone beta subunit (fsh-beta) was isolated from a red kangaroo pituitary cdna library by using a porcine probe and the nucleotide sequence for the coding region was determined. the highest degree of deduced amino acid sequence identity (91%) was observed between the red kangaroo and another marsupial, the brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula), followed by eutherian species (76%, 75% and 74%, respectively, for pig, mouse and sheep). based on the ded ... | 1998 | 11596876 |
| thermoregulation in juvenile red kangaroos (macropus rufus) after pouch exit: higher metabolism and evaporative water requirements. | the population dynamics of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) in the australian arid zone is tightly linked with environmental factors, which partly operate via the survival of juvenile animals. a crucial stage is the young-at-foot (yaf) stage when kangaroos permanently exit the pouch. we have examined the thermal biology of yaf red kangaroos during ages from permanent pouch exit until weaning. over a wide range of environmental temperatures (ambient temperature [t(a)] -5 degrees to 45 degrees c), y ... | 2006 | 11731983 |
| salivary secretion during selective beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation and blockade in the parotid gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus. | intracarotid infusions of noradrenaline (0.3 nmol.kg(-1) x min(-1)) stimulated salivary fluid secretion and caused increases in salivary concentrations of protein, potassium. magnesium. chloride and phosphate, and decreases in bicarbonate. these effects of intracarotid noradrenaline were not reduced by simultaneous intracarotid infusion of phentolamine (3.0 nmol.kg(-1) x min(-1)) but were significantly greater than the responses accompanying intravenous noradrenaline infusion. concomitant admini ... | 2002 | 11824402 |
| redescription of zoniolaimus mawsonae beveridge, 1983 (nematoda: strongyloidea) and the description of z. latebrosus n. sp. from the red kangaroo macropus rufus (marsupialia: macropodidae) based on morphological and molecular data. | this study shows that the description of z. mawsonae given by beveridge (1983) represented a composite of two species. hence, z. mawsonae beveridge, 1983 is re-described and a new species, z. latebrosus, is described. males of the two species differ in the lengths of their spicules (0.94-1.23 mm in z. mawsonae compared with 1.53-1.95 mm in z. latebrosus) and in several characteristics of the bursa and genital cone. females of the two species can be identified based on the shape of the posterior ... | 2002 | 11912339 |
| birth in marsupials. | birth is an event that allows the relatively immature marsupial to move from the internal environment of the uterus to the external environment of the pouch. the newborn marsupial passes down from the uterus to the urogenital sinus and then makes its way to the pouch and attaches to the teat at a very early stage of development. from the studies available, there appear to be three methods used by the newborn to move from the uterus to the pouch. in marsupials with a forward pouch such as the red ... | 2002 | 11923078 |
| effect of adrenergic antagonists during phenylephrine stimulation of the mandibular gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus. | intracarotid infusions of l-phenylephrine at 1.0 nmol.kg(-1).min(-1) or(.)10 nmol.kg(-1).min(-1) were accompanied by increases in salivary protein, urea, magnesium and bicarbonate, and by decreases in osmolality, hydrogen ion activity, sodium, potassium and chloride relative to cholinergically stimulated saliva. intravenous infusions of phenylephrine at the same dose rates had much less effect on salivary composition with the differences between the routes of administration being greatest for th ... | 2002 | 12122456 |
| effects of p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate on water transport across the marsupial erythrocyte membrane. | the effects of exposure of red blood cells (rbc) of three species of marsupial to a mercury-containing sulfhydryl-modifying reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (pcmbs), on the water diffusional permeability ( p (d)) of their membranes were monitored by using an mn(2+)-doping (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) technique at 400 mhz. for koala ( phascolarctos cinereus), rbc the maximal inhibition was reached at 37 degrees c in 60 min with 1 mmol.l(-1) pcmbs or in 15-30 min with 2 mmol. l(- ... | 2002 | 12192513 |
| response of the parotid gland of red kangaroos, macropus rufus, to phenylephrine stimulation. | intracarotid infusions of l-phenylephrine at 1.0 or 10 nmol kg(-1) min(-1) were accompanied by increases in salivary amylase activity, protein, potassium, magnesium and chloride relative to cholinergically-stimulated saliva. intravenous infusions of phenylephrine at the same dose rates had a lesser effect on salivary composition particularly protein. propranolol administered with phenylephrine via the carotid artery, at an antagonist/agonist ratio of 10:1, was much more effective in blocking the ... | 2003 | 12507622 |
| how important is milk for near-weaned red kangaroos ( macropus rufus) fed different forages? | red kangaroos (macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to the arid and semi-arid regions of inland australia, where drought is frequent. young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos are the age/size class usually most affected by drought. kangaroos at this yaf stage are making the transition from a milk-based diet to one of herbivory and an inability to adequately digest high-fibre feeds may contribute to their high mortalities during drought. we examined the role of milk in the nu ... | 2003 | 12624652 |
| plastic casts and confocal laser scanning microscopy applied to the observation of enamel tubules in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | scanning electron microscopy for plastic casts and confocal laser scanning microscopy for villanueva bone-stained ground sections were used together to observe enamel tubules in red kangaroo molars. although the tubular structures such as terminals, bends, expansions, splits, divergences and rejoinings in this species were within the variations of marsupial species, their morphological characteristics were demonstrated with extremely clear and persuasive images. thus, the combined observations o ... | 2003 | 12680470 |
| energy requirements of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus): impacts of age, growth and body size in a large desert-dwelling herbivore. | generally, young growing mammals have resting metabolic rates (rmrs) that are proportionally greater than those of adult animals. this is seen in the red kangaroo ( macropus rufus), a large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupial common to arid and semi-arid inland australia. juvenile red kangaroos have rmrs 1.5-1.6 times those expected for adult marsupials of an equivalent body mass. when fed high-quality chopped lucerne hay, young-at-foot (yaf) kangaroos, which have permanently left the mother's pouch ... | 2003 | 12879349 |
| functional capacities of marsupial hearts: size and mitochondrial parameters indicate higher aerobic capabilities than generally seen in placental mammals. | this study of marsupial hearts explored the aerobic capacities of this group of mammals; recent information suggests that marsupials possess higher aerobic abilities than previously accepted. characteristics such as heart mass, mitochondrial features and capillary parameters were examined. a comprehensive study of the heart of red kangaroos was included because of the high maximum oxygen consumption of this species. goats were also included as a reference placental mammal. marsupials have a hear ... | 2003 | 12898164 |
| a new species of coccidia of the red kangaroo macropus rufus mamm. | 1960 | 13737734 | |
| coccidia in wild populations of the red kangaroo, megaleia rufa (desmarest), and the grey kangaroo, macropus canguru (muueller). | 1964 | 14124276 | |
| a survey of the endoparasites of the red kangaroo megaleia rufa (desmarest). | 1964 | 14227630 | |
| a biometric analysis of the chromosomes of the marsupials--macropus major, macropus rufus and potorous tridactylis. | 1965 | 14332557 | |
| [on a finding of hepatotaenia festiva (rudolphi 1819) in the bile ducts of a red kangaroo (macropus rufus desm.)]. | 1960 | 14443486 | |
| oral biology and disorders of chiroptera, insectivores, monotremes, and marsupials. | oral disease occurs in all species, from the tiny marsupial mouse to the large red kangaroo, and from the smallest mole to the largest bat. although there has been little research done in most of the species in this article, the whole range of dental and oral diseases has been recorded, including periodontal disease, caries, and many variations in position and number of teeth. hopefully, the interest in these species will continue and further study will enable us to understand these diseases mor ... | 2003 | 14534972 |
| comparative morphology of the tapetum lucidum (among selected species). | the phenomenon of 'eye-shine' is seen in a variety of animal species, and is generally thought to be related to the presence of an intraocular reflecting structure, the tapetum lucidum. the tapetum lucidum is a biologic reflector system that is a common feature in the eyes of vertebrates. it normally functions to provide the light-sensitive retinal cells with a second opportunity for photon-photoreceptor stimulation, thereby enhancing visual sensitivity at low light levels. the tapetum lucidum i ... | 2004 | 14738502 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos: isolation and characterisation of the causative organisms. | this is the first report of cutaneous leishmaniasis in kangaroos where infection was acquired within australia. the diagnosis is based on the clinical criteria used for humans, the lesion histopathology, the detection and isolation of parasites from the lesions, and the analysis of the small subunit ribosomal rna genes using the polymerase chain reaction. despite a clear indication that the parasites belong to the genus leishmania, no assignation to a known leishmania species could be made using ... | 2004 | 15111087 |
| aerobic characteristics of red kangaroo skeletal muscles: is a high aerobic capacity matched by muscle mitochondrial and capillary morphology as in placental mammals? | marsupials and placentals together comprise the theria, the advanced mammals, but they have had long independent evolutionary histories, with the last common ancestor occurring more than 125 million years ago. although in the past the marsupials were considered to be metabolically 'primitive', the red kangaroo macropus rufus has been reported to have an aerobic capacity (vo2max) comparable to that of the most 'athletic' of placentals such as dogs. however, kangaroos travel at moderate speeds wit ... | 2004 | 15235010 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in red kangaroos. | 2004 | 15354854 | |
| water use and the thermoregulatory behaviour of kangaroos in arid regions: insights into the colonisation of arid rangelands in australia by the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus). | the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) occurs mostly in the wetter regions of eastern australia. however, in the past 30-40 years it has moved into more arid regions (rainfall < 250 mm), thus increasing its overlap zone with the xeric adapted red kangaroo (macropus rufus). an increased access to water (supplied for domestic stock) may explain this range extension, but changes in the availability of preferred feed could also be involved. the water use, drinking patterns and thermoregulato ... | 2006 | 16208512 |
| endogenous nitrogen excretion by red kangaroos (macropus rufus): effects of animal age and forage quality. | red kangaroos (macropus rufus) are large (>20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to arid and semiarid australia. the population dynamics of red kangaroos are linked with environmental factors, operating largely through juvenile survival. a crucial period is the young-at-foot (yaf) stage, when juveniles have permanently left the mother's pouch but still take milk from a teat in the pouch. forage quantity and quality have been implicated in drought-related mortalities of juvenile kangaroos. here we ... | 2013 | 16555200 |
| forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest: why body size matters. | using red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest, a large (>20 kg) marsupial herbivore, we compared the digestive capabilities of juveniles with those of mature, non-lactating females on high-quality forage (chopped lucerne medicago sativa hay) of 43+/-1% neutral-detergent fibre (ndf) and poorer quality, high-fibre forage (chopped oaten avena sativa hay) of 64+/-1% ndf. on chopped lucerne apparent dry matter (dm) digestibilities by young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos (an age that would normally be tak ... | 2006 | 16574810 |
| should managed populations be monitored every year? | we often need to estimate the size of wild populations to determine the appropriate management action, for example, to set a harvest quota. monitoring is usually planned under the assumption that it must be carried out at fixed intervals in time, typically annually, before the harvest quota is set. however, monitoring can be very expensive, and we should weigh the cost of monitoring against the improvement that it makes in decision making. a less costly alternative to monitoring annually is to p ... | 2006 | 16711064 |
| on the anatomy of macropus rufus. | 1897 | 17232282 | |
| dehydration, with and without heat, in kangaroos from mesic and arid habitats: different thermal responses including varying patterns in heterothermy in the field and laboratory. | field data showing the daily patterns in body temperature (t(b)) of kangaroos in hot, arid conditions, with and without water, indicate the use of adaptive heterothermy, i.e. large variation in t(b). however, daily t(b) variation was greater in the eastern grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus), a species of mesic origin, than in the desert-adapted red kangaroo (macropus rufus). the nature of such responses was studied by an examination of their thermal adjustments to dehydration in thermoneutral te ... | 2007 | 17605014 |
| ventilation patterns in red kangaroos (macropus rufus desmarest): juveniles work harder than adults at thermal extremes, but extract more oxygen per breath at thermoneutrality. | juvenile mortalities in large mammals are usually associated with environmental extremes, but the basis for this vulnerability is often unclear. because of their high surface area to volume ratio, juveniles are expected to suffer greater thermal stresses relative to adults. coping with thermal stress requires the ventilatory system to accommodate increases in oxygen demand and respiratory water loss at thermal extremes. because juveniles are smaller than adults, these demands may set up differen ... | 2007 | 17644687 |
| survey of neoplasia in red kangaroos (macropus rufus), 1992-2002, in a zoological collection. | an increase in the proportion of cases with neoplasia observed in a collection of captive red kangaroos (macropus rufus) when compared with historical records and the paucity of reported neoplasms in kangaroos in the literature prompted a 10-yr review of all red kangaroo necropsies. individual necropsy, medical, and inventory records for all kangaroos at the kansas city zoo were reviewed for the period 1 january 1992 to 31 december 2002. two squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, two mamma ... | 2007 | 17679506 |
| control of jaw movements in two species of macropodines (macropus eugenii and macropus rufus). | the masticatory motor patterns of three tammar wallabies and two red kangaroos were determined by analyzing the pattern of electromyographic (emg) activity of the jaw adductors and correlating it with lower jaw movements, as recorded by digital video and videoradiography. transverse jaw movements were limited by the width of the upper incisal arcade. molars engaged in food breakdown during two distinct occlusal phases characterized by abrupt changes in the direction of working-side hemimandible ... | 2008 | 18065250 |
| cryptosporidium fayeri n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) from the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | the morphology and infectivity of the oocysts of a new species of cryptosporidium from the faeces of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) are described. oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of cryptosporidium parvum. oocysts of the new species are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.5-5.1 microm (mean=4.9) x 3.8-5.0 microm (mean=4.3 microm) with a length to width ratio 1.02:1.18 (mean 1.14) (n=50). oocysts were not infectious for neonate arc swiss mice. multi-lo ... | 2008 | 18251799 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in a population of zoo animals. | faecal prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, including campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, as well as arcobacter, were examined in 317 faecal specimens from 44 animal species in belfast zoological gardens, during july-september 2006. thermophilic campylobacters including campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter lari, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, where members of this genus were isolated from 11 animal species (1 ... | 2008 | 18331520 |
| modelling digestive constraints in non-ruminant and ruminant foregut-fermenting mammals. | it has been suggested that large foregut-fermenting marsupial herbivores, the kangaroos and their relatives, may be less constrained by food intake limitations as compared with ruminants, due mainly to differences in their digestive morphology and management of ingesta particles through the gut. in particular, as the quality of forage declines with increasing contents of plant fibre (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin; measured as neutral-detergent fibre, ndf), the tubiform foregut of kangaroo ... | 2008 | 18586113 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals in selected zoos in the midwestern united states. | toxoplasma gondii infections in zoo animals are of interest because many captive animals die of clinical toxoplasmosis and because of the potential risk of exposure of children and elderly to t. gondii oocysts excreted by cats in the zoos. seroprevalence of t. gondii antibodies in wild zoo felids, highly susceptible zoo species, and feral cats from 8 zoos of the midwestern united states was determined by using the modified agglutination test (mat). a titer of 1:25 was considered indicative of t. ... | 2008 | 18605803 |
| seroprevalence of retrovirus in north american captive macropodidae. | laboratory records of serology results from captive macropodidae sampled between 1997 and 2005 were reviewed to assess the seroprevalence of retrovirus exposure. serum samples from 269 individuals (136 males, 133 females) representing 10 species of macropods housed in 31 north american captive collections were analyzed for retrovirus antibody using an indirect immunofluorescent assay. the prevalence of positive antibody titers comparing male versus female, between species, between age groups, an ... | 2008 | 18816994 |
| australia's savanna herbivores: bioclimatic distributions and an assessment of the potential impact of regional climate change. | the future impacts of climate change are predicted to significantly affect the survival of many species. recent studies indicate that even species that are relatively mobile and/or have large geographic ranges may be at risk of range contractions or extinction. an ecologically and evolutionary significant group of mammals that has been largely overlooked in this research is australia's large marsupial herbivores, the macropodids (kangaroos). the aims of our investigation were to define and compa ... | 2008 | 18937565 |
| mandibular and maxillary osteomyelitis and myositis in a captive herd of red kangaroos (macropus rufus). | jaw infections in macropods are common and will result in mortality if not promptly diagnosed and aggressively treated. they have most often been reported in wallabies; however, in the current case, the gross and histopathologic findings, microbial culture, and management of jaw infections in a population of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) housed in a zoological park are described. three red kangaroos, among a group of 23, were submitted for necropsy after death after progressively invasive and n ... | 2008 | 18987245 |
| magnetic resonance imaging findings in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) with otitis. | magnetic resonance imaging (mri) was performed on an adult, male red kangaroo (macropus rufus) with a history of nonspecific neurologic signs and acute discharge from the left ear. mri revealed findings consistent with otitis and possible osteomyelitis of the temporal and mastoid bones. to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of otitis and mri findings in a kangaroo. | 2008 | 19110716 |
| new reports of australian cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern australian macropods. | cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by various species of leishmania is a significant zoonotic disease in many parts of the world. we describe the first cases of australian cutaneous leishmaniasis in eight northern wallaroos, one black wallaroo and two agile wallabies from the northern territory of australia. diagnosis was made through a combination of gross appearance of lesions, cytology, histology, direct culture, serology and a species-specific real-time pcr. the causative organism was found to b ... | 2009 | 19288959 |
| passage marker excretion in red kangaroo (macropus rufus), collared peccary (pecari tajacu) and colobine monkeys (colobus angolensis, c. polykomos, trachypithecus johnii). | ruminants are characterized by an efficient particle-sorting mechanism in the forestomach (frst) followed by selective rechewing of large food particles. for the nonruminating foregut fermenter pygmy hippo it was demonstrated that large particles are excreted as fast as, or faster than, the small particles. the same has been suggested for other nonruminating foregut fermenters. we determined the mean retention time of fluids and different-sized particles in six red kangaroos (macropus rufus), se ... | 2009 | 19551808 |
| stochastic demography and population dynamics in the red kangaroo macropus rufus. | 1. many organisms inhabit strongly fluctuating environments but their demography and population dynamics are often analysed using deterministic models and elasticity analysis, where elasticity is defined as the proportional change in population growth rate caused by a proportional change in a vital rate. deterministic analyses may not necessarily be informative because large variation in a vital rate with a small deterministic elasticity may affect the population growth rate more than a small ch ... | 2010 | 19674179 |
| toxoplasmosis and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii in macropus rufus and macropus giganteus in argentina. | toxoplasma gondii infection is frequently asymptomatic; however, it can be severe or even fatal to some hosts. in this study, diagnosis of disseminated toxoplasmosis in one red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and one great grey kangaroo (macropus giganteus) from the la plata zoo, argentina and the isolation and molecular characterization of t. gondii are reported. both male kangaroos showed depression and sudden death. toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed by fresh examination, histopathology, imm ... | 2010 | 20045255 |
| environmental variance, population growth and evolution. | environmental fluctuations on time scales of one to tens of generations are increasingly recognized as important determinants of population dynamics and microevolution. jonzén et al. in this issue analyse how the vital rates of red kangaroos depend on annual rainfall, and estimate the elasticities of stochastic growth rate to the means and variances of the vital rates, as well as to the mean and variance of rainfall. their results demonstrate how ecological and evolutionary studies can benefit f ... | 2010 | 20409157 |
| familiarity breeds contempt: kangaroos persistently avoid areas with experimentally deployed dingo scents. | whether or not animals habituate to repeated exposure to predator scents may depend upon whether there are predators associated with the cues. understanding the contexts of habituation is theoretically important and has profound implication for the application of predator-based herbivore deterrents. we repeatedly exposed a mixed mob of macropod marsupials to olfactory scents (urine, feces) from a sympatric predator (canis lupus dingo), along with a control (water). if these predator cues were al ... | 2010 | 20463952 |
| selected diagnostic ophthalmic tests in the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | the following tests were performed on a total of 20 eyes: schirmer tear test, intraocular pressure (iop), assessment of conjunctival flora, and pupillary diameter with application of topical tropicamide in 10 healthy captive red kangaroos (macropus rufus) under manual restraint. the mean schirmer tear test value was 22.6 +/- 6.07 mm/min. the mean intraocular pressure was 17.45 +/- 7.23 mm hg. values did not differ between eyes or gender for either test, but significant differences were identifie ... | 2010 | 20597213 |
| extended anaesthesia and nasotracheal intubation of a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | anaesthesia requires maintenance of a patent airway. nasotracheal intubation of a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) was performed when the inability to open the animal’s mouth prevented orotracheal intubation. nasotracheal intubation was easy to perform, secured the airway and permitted delivery of supplemental oxygen, isoflurane and intermittent positive pressure ventilation. | 2010 | 20973291 |
| evidence incriminating midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) as potential vectors of leishmania in australia. | the first autochthonous leishmania infection in australia was reported by rose et al. (2004) and the parasite was characterised as a unique species. the host was the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) but the transmitting vector was unknown. to incriminate the biological vector, insect trapping by a variety of methods was undertaken at two field sites of known leishmania transmission. collected sand flies were identified to species level and were screened for leishmania dna using a semi-quantitative ... | 2011 | 21251914 |
| on observation distributions for state space models of population survey data. | 1. state space models are starting to replace more simple time series models in analyses of temporal dynamics of populations that are not perfectly censused. by simultaneously modelling both the dynamics and the observations, consistent estimates of population dynamical parameters may be obtained. for many data sets, the distribution of observation errors is unknown and error models typically chosen in an ad-hoc manner. 2. to investigate the influence of the choice of observation error on infere ... | 2011 | 21635251 |
| chemical characterization of acidic oligosaccharides in milk of the red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | in the milk of marsupials, oligosaccharides usually predominate over lactose during early to mid lactation. studies have shown that tammar wallaby milk contains a major series of neutral galactosyllactose oligosaccharides ranging in size from tri- to at least octasaccharides, as well as β(1-6) linked n-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides as a minor series. in this study, acidic oligosaccharides were purified from red kangaroo milk and characterized by (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance sp ... | 2012 | 22415147 |
| fitting complex population models by combining particle filters with markov chain monte carlo. | we show how a recent framework combining markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) with particle filters (pfmcmc) may be used to estimate population state-space models. with the purpose of utilizing the strengths of each method, pfmcmc explores hidden states by particle filters, while process and observation parameters are estimated using an mcmc algorithm. pfmcmc is exemplified by analyzing time series data on a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) population in new south wales, australia, using mcmc over model ... | 2012 | 22624307 |
| the high aerobic capacity of a small, marsupial rat-kangaroo (bettongia penicillata) is matched by the mitochondrial and capillary morphology of its skeletal muscles. | we examined the structure-function relationships that underlie the aerobic capacities of marsupial mammals that hop. marsupials have relatively low basal metabolic rates (bmr) and historically were seen as 'low energy' mammals. however, the red kangaroo, macropus rufus (family macropodidae), has aerobic capacities equivalent to athletic placentals. it has an extreme aerobic scope (fas) and its large locomotor muscles feature high mitochondrial and capillary volumes. m. rufus belongs to a modern ... | 2012 | 22660784 |
| molecular characterization of eimeria species in macropods. | a total of 597 faecal samples were collected from western grey kangaroos (macropus fuliginosus), euros (m. robustus), red kangaroos (m. rufus) in western australia and eastern grey kangaroos (m. giganteus) from victoria and screened for the presence of eimeria by pcr at the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) locus. the overall prevalence was 24.3% (145/597). at the 18s rrna locus, sequences were obtained for 25 of the 145 positives. phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the macropod-derived eimeria spe ... | 2012 | 22796750 |
| archaea in the foregut of macropod marsupials: pcr and amplicon sequence-based observations. | to investigate, using culture-independent techniques, the presence and diversity of methanogenic archaea in the foregut of kangaroos. | 2012 | 22897363 |
| virtopsy in a red kangaroo with oral osteomyelitis. | this report describes the use of computed tomography (ct) in a nondomestic species. postmortem ct was performed on a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and a diagnosis of oral osteomyelitis was made. ct examination revealed bony remodeling of the right mandible, an intraosseous lesion of the right temporal bone, muscle necrosis around the right mandible, and the absence of the right, first, upper molar tooth. cardiac and intrahepatic gas and a distended intestine due to postmortem gas accumulation we ... | 2011 | 22946383 |
| western australian marsupials are multiply infected with genetically diverse strains of toxoplasma gondii. | five different organs from 16 asymptomatic free-ranging marsupial macropods (macropus rufus, m. fuliginosus, and m. robustus) from inland western australia were tested for infection with toxoplasma gondii by multi-locus pcr-dna sequencing. all macropods were infected with t. gondii, and 13 had parasite dna in at least 2 organs. in total, 45 distinct t. gondii genotypes were detected. fourteen of the 16 macropods were multiply infected with genetically distinct t. gondii genotypes that often part ... | 2012 | 23028812 |
| comparative studies of water permeability of red blood cells from humans and over 30 animal species: an overview of 20 years of collaboration with philip kuchel. | nmr measurements of the diffusional permeability of the human adult red blood cell (rbc) membrane to water (p(d)) and of the activation energy (e(a,d)) of the process furnished values of p(d) ~ 4 × 10(-3) cm/s at 25 °c and ~6.1 × 10(-3) cm/s at 37 °c, and e(a,d) ~ 26 kj/mol. comparative nmr measurements for other species showed: (1) monotremes (echidna and platypus), chicken, little penguin, and saltwater crocodile have the lowest p(d) values; (2) sheep, cow, and elephant have p(d) values lower ... | 2013 | 23104624 |
| high muscle mitochondrial volume and aerobic capacity in a small marsupial (sminthopsis crassicaudata) reveals flexible links between energy-use levels in mammals. | we investigated the muscle structure-function relationships that underlie the aerobic capacity of an insectivorous, small (~15 g) marsupial, sminthopsis crassicaudata (family: dasyuridae), to obtain further insight into energy use patterns in marsupials relative to those in placentals, their sister clade within the theria (advanced mammals). disparate hopping marsupials (suborder macropodiformes), a kangaroo (macropus rufus) and a rat-kangaroo (bettongia penicillata), show aerobic capabilities a ... | 2013 | 23239895 |
| energy, water and space use by free-living red kangaroos macropus rufus and domestic sheep ovis aries in an australian rangeland. | we used doubly labelled water to measure field metabolic rates (fmr) and water turnover rates (wtr) in one of australia's largest native herbivores, the red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and one of australia's dominant livestock species, the wool-breed merino sheep, under free-living conditions in a typical australian rangeland. also, we used gps technology to examine animal space use, along with the comparisons of urine concentration, diet, diet digestibility, and subsequent grazing pressures. we f ... | 2013 | 23386120 |
| subtype distribution of blastocystis isolates from a variety of animals from new south wales, australia. | a total of 438 stool samples from 38 different species of animal from seven different locations were studied for the presence of blastocystis. pcr analysis was completed on all samples and dna sequence data from the rdna were submitted to subtype allocation. there was a total of 80 (18%) sequences from 18 species, and nine different subtypes were identified - st1, st2, st3, st4, st5, st7, st11, st12 and st13. this is the first report of blastocystis from the eastern grey kangaroo, red kangaroo, ... | 2013 | 23398989 |
| calcium carbonate obstructive urolithiasis in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | a 6-yr-old male red kangaroo (macropus rufus) presented for a history of inappetance, abnormal behavior, and unconfirmed elimination for 6 hr prior to presentation. based on abdominal ultrasound, abdominocentesis, and cystocentesis, a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction with uroabdomen and hydronephrosis was reached. abdominal radiographs did not assist in reaching an antemortem diagnosis. postmortem examination confirmed a urinary bladder rupture secondary to urethral obstruction ... | 2013 | 23505728 |
| shedding light on the microbial community of the macropod foregut using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing. | twenty macropods from five locations in queensland, australia, grazing on a variety of native pastures were surveyed and the bacterial community of the foregut was examined using 454-amplicon pyrosequencing. specifically, the v3/v4 region of 16s rrna gene was examined. a total of 5040 otus were identified in the data set (post filtering). thirty-two otus were identified as 'shared' otus (i.e. present in all samples) belonging to either firmicutes or bacteroidetes (clostridiales/bacteroidales). t ... | 2013 | 23626688 |
| pathology in practice. metastatic adenocarcinoma in a red kangaroo. | 2013 | 23822078 | |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the koala (phascolarctos cinereus). | previous structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides had been performed in only two macropod species, the tammar wallaby and the red kangaroo. to clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupial species, which could provide information on their evolution, the oligosaccharides of the koala milk carbohydrate fraction were characterized in this study. neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were separated from the carbohydrate fraction of milk of the k ... | 2013 | 23824565 |
| dermatophytosis in zoo macropods: a questionnaire study. | limited published data are available on dermatophytosis in zoo macropods, despite anecdotal reports of disease occurrence and recurrent mob outbreaks. the aim of this questionnaire study was to analyze data from australian and international zoos to evaluate estimated disease prevalence in zoos housing macropods, affected macropod species, causative organisms, predisposing factors, clinical presentations, diagnostics, treatments, and disease risk management. two questionnaires (initial detailed a ... | 2013 | 24063082 |
| diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric volvulus in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | an 8-year-old male red kangaroo (macropus rufus) was evaluated with a 2-week history of vomiting and anorexia. four days prior, the patient became refractory to medical management. the kangaroo was admitted for diagnostic testing and treatment including whole body ct, blood work, and emergency laparotomy. | 2014 | 24649996 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). | structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides have been performed in only three species: the tammar wallaby, the red kangaroo and the koala. to clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupials, 21 oligosaccharides of the milk carbohydrate fraction of the common brushtail possum were characterized in this study. neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were separated from the carbohydrate fraction of mid-lactation milk and characterized by (1)h-nuclear ... | 2014 | 24906475 |
| peters anomaly in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | a 10-mo-old female red kangaroo (macropus rufus) presented with a unilateral congenital corneal opacity od. complete ophthalmic examination revealed a shallow anterior chamber and a focal area of corneal edema with multiple persistent pupillary membranes extending from the iris colarette to the corneal endothelium adjacent to the edematous area of cornea. high-resolution b-scan ultrasound of the anterior segment showed an area consistent with thinning of descemet's membrane in the area of cornea ... | 2014 | 25314851 |
| parasitic nematode communities of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus: richness and structuring in captive systems. | captive management practices have the potential to drastically alter pre-existing host-parasite relationships. this can have profound implications for the health and productivity of threatened species in captivity, even in the absence of clinical symptoms of disease. maximising the success of captive breeding programmes requires a detailed knowledge of anthropogenic influences on the structure of parasite assemblages in captive systems. in this study, we employed two high-throughput molecular te ... | 2015 | 25916465 |
| impacts of visitor number on kangaroos housed in free-range exhibits. | free range exhibits are becoming increasingly popular in zoos as a means to enhance interaction between visitors and animals. however very little research exists on the impacts of visitors on animal behaviour and stress in free range exhibits. we investigated the effects of visitor number on the behaviour and stress physiology of kangaroo island (ki) kangaroos, macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus, and red kangaroos, macropus rufus, housed in two free range exhibits in australian zoos. behavioural o ... | 2015 | 26036594 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the eastern quoll (dasyurus viverrinus). | structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides have been performed in four species to date: the tammar wallaby (macropus eugenii), the red kangaroo (macropus rufus), the koala (phascolarctos cinereus) and the common brushtail possum (trichosurus vulpecula). to clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupials, the oligosaccharides in the carbohydrate fraction of eastern quoll milk were characterized in this study. neutral and acidic oligosaccharide ... | 2015 | 26047593 |
| erratum to: parasitic nematode communities of the red kangaroo, macropus rufus: richness and structuring in captive systems. | 2015 | 26089217 | |
| parallel emergence of true handedness in the evolution of marsupials and placentals. | recent studies have demonstrated a close resemblance between some handedness patterns in great apes and humans. despite this, comparative systematic investigations of manual lateralization in non-primate mammals are very limited. among mammals, robust population-level handedness is still considered to be a distinctive human trait. nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of handedness evolution in mammals cannot be achieved without considering the other large mammalian lineage, marsupials. ... | 2015 | 26096972 |
| comparative finite element analysis of the cranial performance of four herbivorous marsupials. | marsupial herbivores exhibit a wide variety of skull shapes and sizes to exploit different ecological niches. several studies on teeth, dentaries, and jaw adductor muscles indicate that marsupial herbivores exhibit different specializations for grazing and browsing. no studies, however, have examined the skulls of marsupial herbivores to determine the relationship between stress and strain, and the evolution of skull shape. the relationship between skull morphology, biomechanical performance, an ... | 2015 | 26193997 |
| decreasing methane yield with increasing food intake keeps daily methane emissions constant in two foregut fermenting marsupials, the western grey kangaroo and red kangaroo. | fundamental differences in methane (ch4) production between macropods (kangaroos) and ruminants have been suggested and linked to differences in the composition of the forestomach microbiome. using six western grey kangaroos (macropus fuliginosus) and four red kangaroos (macropus rufus), we measured daily absolute ch4 production in vivo as well as ch4 yield (ch4 per unit of intake of dry matter, gross energy or digestible fibre) by open-circuit respirometry. two food intake levels were tested us ... | 2015 | 26538176 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of the common wombat (vombatus ursinus). | previous structural characterizations of marsupial milk oligosaccharides have been performed in the tammar wallaby, red kangaroo, koala, common brushtail possum and the eastern quoll. to clarify the homology and heterogeneity of milk oligosaccharides among marsupial species, which could provide information on their evolution, the oligosaccharides of wombat milk carbohydrate were characterized in this study. neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from the carbohydrate fractions of two ... | 2016 | 26608481 |
| spatial dynamics of the bacterial community structure in the gastrointestinal tract of red kangaroo (macropus rufus). | the quantification and community of bacteria in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract (stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of red kangaroos (macropus rufus) were examined by using real-time pcr and paired-end illumina sequencing. the quantification of bacteria showed that the number of bacteria in jejunum and rectum was significantly lower than that in colon and cecum (p < 0.05). a total of 1,872,590 sequences was remained after quality-filtering and 50,948 otus were identified at the 97 ... | 2016 | 27116964 |
| thermal implications of interactions between insulation, solar reflectance, and fur structure in the summer coats of diverse species of kangaroo. | not all of the solar radiation that impinges on a mammalian coat is absorbed and converted into thermal energy at the coat surface. some is reflected back to the environment, while another portion is reflected further into the coat where it is absorbed and manifested as heat at differing levels. substantial insulation in a coat limits the thermal impact at the skin of solar radiation, irrespective where in the coat it is absorbed. in coats with low insulation, the zone where solar radiation is a ... | 2017 | 27803973 |
| a continent-wide analysis of the shade requirements of red and western grey kangaroos. | foraging time may be constrained by a suite of phenomena including weather, which can restrict a species' activity and energy intake. this is recognized as pivotal for many species whose distributions are known to correlate with climate, including kangaroos, although such impacts are rarely quantified. we explore how differences in shade seeking, a thermoregulatory behavior, of 2 closely-related kangaroo species,macropus rufus(red kangaroos) andm. fuliginosus(western grey kangaroos), might refle ... | 2017 | 27857963 |
| morphology of the lingual papillae in the eastern grey kangaroo. | we examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult eastern grey kangaroo (macropus gigantues) by scanning electron microscopy. the filiform papillae on the lingual apex and anterior body consisted of a main papilla and secondary papillae. the connective tissue core of the filiform papillae on the lingual apex had several processes. the filiform papillae on the lingual posterior body were thread-like in shape. the connective tissue core of the filiform papillae on the lingual posterior body consi ... | 2016 | 27904022 |
| infection with toxoplasma gondii in a red kangaroo (macropus rufus) and a patagonian mara (dolichotis patagonum) in captivity. | toxoplasmosis is an infectious, zoonotic and parasitic disease, caused by toxoplasma gondii. in this manucript, two cases of infection with t. gondii in captive animals from a zoological park in the central region of chile are described. one case was a red kangaroo (macropus rufus), which is highly susceptible to the infection, and the other was a patagonian mara (dolichotis patagonum), a rodent in which there is no previous report of the infection. both animals had myocarditis, with the presenc ... | 2016 | 27982295 |
| gradients in cytoarchitectural landscapes of the isocortex: diprotodont marsupials in comparison to eutherian mammals. | although it has been claimed that marsupials possess a lower density of isocortical neurons compared with other mammals, little is known about cross-cortical variation in neuron distributions in this diverse taxonomic group. we quantified upper-layer (layers ii-iv) and lower-layer (layers v-vi) neuron numbers per unit of cortical surface area in three diprotodont marsupial species (two macropodiformes, the red kangaroo and the parma wallaby, and a vombatiform, the koala) and compared these resul ... | 2017 | 28001295 |
| the feeding ecology of the dingo : iii. dietary relationships with widely fluctuating prey populations in arid australia: an hypothesis of alternation of predation. | changes in the diet of dingoes (canis familiaris dingo) in response to measured fluctuations of prey populations were followed over 7 years. the study began after great rains had broken a long drought. eruptions of rodents and rabbits followed, but some prey were always either relatively abundant (live cattle) or scarce (red kangaroo, lizards, birds). cattle carcasses were increasingly available during a subsequent drought. small and medium-sized prey, rodents (26%), lizards (12%) and rabbits (5 ... | 1987 | 28311993 |
| prolonged prey suppression by carnivores - predator-removal experiments. | the hypothesis that carnivores can significantly suppress prey populations after they collapse during drought was tested by predator-removal experiments. low populations of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) responded with significantly accelerated growth where foxes (vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (felis catus) were continually shot. experiments in years of good pasture and poor were confirmatory. after only 14 months, the rabbits were well on their way to another eruption whereas untreated populat ... | 1989 | 28312173 |
| effects of spines and thorns on australian arid zone herbivores of different body masses. | we investigated the effects of thorns and spines on the feeding of 5 herbivore species in arid australia. the herbivores were the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), euro kangaroo (macropus robustus), red kangaroo (macropus rufus), sheep (ovis aries), and cattle (bos taurus). five woody plants without spines or thorns and 6 woody plants with thorns were included in the study. the spines and thorns were not found to affect the herbivores' rates of feeding (items ingested/min), but they did reduce the ... | 1991 | 28312622 |
| osteoarthritis in two marine mammals and 22 land mammals: learning from skeletal remains. | the occurrence of osteoarthritis (oa) in marine mammals is still questionable. here we investigated the prevalence of oa in marine (dolphin and dugong) and terrestrial mammals (asian elephant, asiatic buffalo, camel, cat, cattle, deer, dog, domestic goat, horse, human, hyena, impala, lion, malayan tapir, assam macaque, mule, pig, rabbit, red kangaroo, sheep, tiger and waterbuck). skeletal remains obtained from five institutes were used as subjects; a total of 45 different parts (locations) of bo ... | 2017 | 28542897 |