Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| cloning and functional expression of b chains of beta-bungarotoxins from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | the cdna species encoding the b chains (b1 and b2) of beta-bungarotoxins (beta-bgt) were constructed from the cellular rna isolated from the venom glands of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). the deduced amino acid sequences of the b chains were different from those determined previously by a protein sequencing technique. one additional arg residue is inserted between val-19 and arg-20 of the b1 chain. similarly the insertion of one additional val residue between val-19 and arg-20 of t ... | 1998 | 9693106 |
| differential roles for disulfide bonds in the structural integrity and biological activity of kappa-bungarotoxin, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. | kappa-bungarotoxin, a kappa-neurotoxin derived from the venom of the banded krait, bungarus multicinctus, is a homodimeric protein composed of subunits of 66 amino acid residues containing five disulfide bonds. kappa-bungarotoxin is a potent, selective, and slowly reversible antagonist of alpha3 beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. kappa-bungarotoxin is structurally related to the alpha-neurotoxins, such as alpha-bungarotoxin derived from the same snake, which are monomeric in solut ... | 1998 | 9724529 |
| cdna cloning and sequence analysis of six neurotoxin-like proteins from chinese continental banded krait. | the cdnas encoding six neurotoxin-like proteins were cloned from the total rna isolated from one venom gland of bungarus multicinctus multicinctus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. although they shared a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology, the deduced proteins displayed a rather low extent of identical residues with the exception that the 21 residue signal peptides were highly conserved. each mature protein consisted of 65, 66 or 68 amino acids with four or five disulf ... | 1998 | 9844743 |
| genus specific neutralization of bungarus snake venoms by thai red cross banded krait antivenom. | thai commercial antivenom raised to bungarus fasciatus venom neutralized the lethal activity of all thai bungarus venoms tested in in vitro neutralization experiments. the neutralizing capacities against b. fasciatus and b. candidus venoms were almost the same, but that against b. flaviceps venom was significantly greater. the efficacy of the antivenom was confirmed in in vivo neutralization experiments also. results of immunochemical analyses supported results of the animal experiments suggesti ... | 1999 | 10091133 |
| cdna sequence analysis of a novel member of the three loop protein family from the chinese continental banded krait. | the cdna encoding a novel three loop protein was cloned from cellular rna isolated from the venom gland of bungarus multicinctus multicinctus by rt-pcr. the mature protein has 82 amino acid residues. it shared only 25-38% similarity with some cardiotoxins and did not have sequence similarity with neurotoxins, while its cdna was about 70% similar to both the cdnas encoding neurotoxins and the cdnas encoding cardiotoxins. | 1999 | 10380637 |
| development of reversed passive latex agglutination for detection of thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom. | a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic kit for detecting thai cobra (naja kaouthia) venom was developed using latex particles sensitized with venom specific immunoglobulin. the kit is capable of detecting 25-50 ng/ml of thai cobra venom. the capability was not affected by human plasma. specificity of the kit was proven using snake venoms from vipera russelli, calloselasma rhodostoma, trimeresurus albolabris, naja siamensis, ophiophagus hannah, and bungarus fasciatus. the diagnostic kit does n ... | 1999 | 10410332 |
| acetylcholinesterase from snake venom as a model for its nerve and muscle counterpart. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) plays a key role in cholinergic transmission. at the neuromuscular junction of vertebrates, for example, it allows a fine temporal control of muscle contraction. the presence of ache in tissues devoid of cholinergic function is also well known and raises the question of its role. in particular, ache is abundant in the venoms of elapid snakes, except mambas. ache purified from snake venom consists of soluble, hydrophilic monomers. cloning of cdna of the ache from bunga ... | 1999 | 10410339 |
| production of an immunoenzymatic tracer combining a scfv and the acetylcholinesterase of bungarus fasciatus by genetic recombination. | we constructed a plasmid containing a chimeric gene composed of the gene encoding acetylcholinesterase (ache) from bungarus fasciatus venom and a gene encoding a single chain antibody fragment (scfv) directed against one of the two subunits of a presynaptic neurotoxin from rattlesnake. large quantities of the fusion protein were produced in the culture medium of transfected cos cells. fusion to ache did not affect the ability of the scfv to recognise its antigen. similarly, the ache activity was ... | 1999 | 10428463 |
| genetic organization of alpha-bungarotoxins from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait): evidence showing that the production of alpha-bungarotoxin isotoxins is not derived from edited mrnas. | two genomic dnas with a size of approximately 2.8 kb, isolated from the liver of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait), encode the precursors of the long neurotoxins, alpha-bgt(a31) and alpha-bgt(v31), respectively. both genes share virtually identical overall organization with three exons separated by two introns, which were inserted in the same positions in the coding regions of the genes. moreover, their nucleotide sequences share approximately 98% identity. this result indicates that t ... | 1999 | 10497260 |
| genetic organization of a chain and b chain of beta-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus). a chain genes and b chain genes do not share a common origin. | beta-bungarotoxin, the main presynaptic neurotoxin purified from the venom of bungarus multicinctus, consists of two dissimilar polypeptide chains, the a chain and the b chain, cross-linked by an interchain disulfide bond. in this study, a and b chain genes isolated from the liver of b. multicinctus encoded the a and b chain precursors, respectively. analyses of the coding regions of the a and b chain genes revealed that both consist of three exons and two introns. the sequences of all exon/intr ... | 2000 | 10903499 |
| what does beta-bungarotoxin do at the neuromuscular junction? | beta-bungarotoxin from the taiwan banded krait, bungarus multicinctus is a basic protein (pi=9.5), with a molecular weight of 21,800 consisting of two different polypeptide subunits. a phospholipase a(2) subunit named the a-chain and a non-phospholipase a(2) subunit named the b-chain, which is homologous to kunitz protease inhibitors. the a-chain and the b-chain are covalently linked by one disulphide bridge. on mouse hemi-diaphragm nerve-muscle preparations, partially paralysed by lowering the ... | 2001 | 10936627 |
| hematological studies on dic-like findings observed in patients with snakebite in south china. | to clarify the characteristics of the hematological disturbances evoked by snakebite, we measured the antithrombin iii (at-iii) activity, alpha2-plasmin inhibitor (alpha2-pi) activity, fibrinogen concentration (fg) and level of fibrin degradation products (fdp) in 21 patients envenomed by several snakes in south china between august 1998 and october 1999. the hematological changes observed were as follows: the mean activities of at-iii were decreased in patients bitten by ophiophagus hannah (oh. ... | 2001 | 11223082 |
| development of a polymerase chain reaction to distinguish monocellate cobra (naja khouthia) bites from other common thai snake species, using both venom extracts and bite-site swabs. | a pcr technique was used in this study to identify and distinguish monocellate cobra snake bites using snake venoms and swab specimens from snake bite-sites in mice from bites by other common thai snakes. the sequences of nucleotide primers were selected for the cobrotoxin-encoding gene from the chinese cobra (naja atra) since the sequences of monocellate cobra (naja kaouthia) venom are still unknown. however, the 113-bp fragment of cdna of the cobrotoxin-encoding gene was detected in the monoce ... | 2001 | 11223099 |
| dual effect of high electric field in capillary electrophoresis study of the conformational stability of bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase. | the effect of high electric field in capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) was evaluated for the study of the thermally induced unfolding of bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase. this monomer enzyme is characterised by two interdependent uncommon structural features, the asymmetrical distribution of charged residues and a relatively low thermal denaturation temperature. both traits were presumed to interfere in the thermal unfolding of this enzyme as investigated by cze. this paper analyses th ... | 2001 | 11261729 |
| thermal stability of acetylcholinesterase from bungarus fasciatus venom as investigated by capillary electrophoresis. | previous studies on the conformation of the monomeric acetylcholinesterase (ache) from the krait (bungarus fasciatus) venom showed that the protein possesses a large permanent dipole moment. these studies predicted that thermal irreversible denaturation must occur via partially unfolded states. the thermal stability of bungarus ache was determined using capillary electrophoresis (ce) with optimized conditions. runs performed at convenient temperature scanning rates provided evidence for an irrev ... | 2001 | 11342047 |
| decreased parasympathetic activities in malayan krait (bungarus candidus) envenoming. | three patients were bitten by the malayan krait (bungarus candidus). the patients developed ptosis and generalized muscle weakness which later progressed to respiratory paralysis. all patients showed evidence of decreased parasympathetic activity manifested by mydriasis, hypertension and tachycardia. no specific antivenom was available. all patients received assisted ventilation and supportive treatment. the other forms of treatment included administration of neostigmine, the banded krait (bunga ... | 2001 | 11384723 |
| production of potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapid venoms using a low dose, low volume, multi-site immunization protocol. | the purpose of this study was to prepare a potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapids namely, the thai cobra (naja kaouthia, nk), the king cobra (ophiophagus hannah, oh) and the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus, bf). two groups of horses were immunized. group 1, comprising five horses, was immunized twice with a mixture of postsynaptic neurotoxins followed by an additional six immunizations with a mixture of crude venoms of the three elapids. group 2, comprising four horses, was immunized ... | 2001 | 11478956 |
| solution structure of a kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor isolated from the elapid snake bungarus fasciatus. | bungarus fasciatus fraction ix (bf9), a chymotrypsin inhibitor, consists of 65 amino acid residues with three disulfide bridges. it was isolated from the snake venom of b. fasciatus by ion-exchange chromatography and belongs to the bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti)-like superfamily. it showed a dissociation constant of 5.8 x 10(-8) m with alpha-chymotrypsin as measured by a biacore binding assay system. the isothermal titration calorimetry revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between th ... | 2001 | 11562364 |
| beta-bungarotoxin is a potent inducer of apoptosis in cultured rat neurons by receptor-mediated internalization. | the neurotoxic phospholipase a(2), beta-bungarotoxin (beta-butx), is a component of the snake venom from the taiwanese banded krait bungarus multicinctus. beta-butx affects presynaptic nerve terminal function of the neuromuscular junction and induces widespread neuronal cell death throughout the mammalian and avian cns. to analyse the initial events of beta-butx-mediated cell death, the toxin was applied to cultured rat hippocampal neurons where it induced neuronal cell death in a concentration- ... | 2001 | 11576186 |
| cloning of cdnas encoding c-type lectins from elapidae snakes bungarus fasciatus and bungarus multicinctus. | a number of c-type lectins with various biological activities have been purified and characterized from viperidae snake venoms. in contrast, only a few reports could be found in literature concerning the c-type lectins in elapidae snake venoms. based on the published cdna sequences of c-type lectins from viperidae snake venoms, oligonucleotide primers were designed and used to screen the cdna libraries made from the venom glands of bungarus fasciatus and bungarus multicinctus. this allowed the c ... | 2001 | 11600152 |
| expression of a chain and b chain of beta-bungarotoxin from taiwan banded krait: the functional implication of the interchain disulfide bond between a chain and b chain. | beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt), the main presynaptic neurotoxin purified from the venom of bungarus multicinctus, consists of two dissimilar polypeptide chains, the a chain and b chain, cross-linked by an interchain disulfide bond. the a and b chain cdnas were subcloned into expression vectors pt7-7 and pet20b(+), respectively, and transformed into escherichia coli strain bl21(de3). the expressed protein was isolated from the inclusion bodies of e. coli and subjected to refolding into its folded s ... | 2001 | 11732693 |
| substrate activation in acetylcholinesterase induced by low ph or mutation in the pi-cation subsite. | substrate inhibition is considered a defining property of acetylcholinesterase (ache), whereas substrate activation is characteristic of butyrylcholinesterase (buche). to understand the mechanism of substrate inhibition, the ph dependence of acetylthiocholine hydrolysis by ache was studied between ph 5 and 8. wild-type human ache and its mutants y337g and y337w, as well as wild-type bungarus fasciatus ache and its mutants y333g, y333a and y333w were studied. the ph profile results were unexpecte ... | 2002 | 11904227 |
| thermal denaturation of bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase: is aggregation a driving force in protein unfolding? | a monomeric form of acetylcholinesterase from the venom of bungarus fasciatus is converted to a partially unfolded molten globule species by thermal inactivation, and subsequently aggregates rapidly. to separate the kinetics of unfolding from those of aggregation, single molecules of the monomeric enzyme were encapsulated in reverse micelles of brij 30 in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, or in large unilamellar vesicles of egg lecithin/cholesterol at various protein/micelle (vesicle) ratios. the first-or ... | 2002 | 12142456 |
| characterization and gene organization of taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) gamma-bungarotoxin. | gamma-bungarotoxin was isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom using a combination of chromatography on a sp-sephadex c-25 column and a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column. circular dichroism (cd) measurement revealed that its secondary structure was dominant with beta-sheet structure as is that of snake venom alpha-neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. gamma-bungarotoxin exhibits activity on inhibiting the binding of [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate to the m2 ... | 2002 | 12168693 |
| the organization of the genes encoding the a chains of beta-bungarotoxins: evidence for the skipping of exon. | bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) beta-bungarotoxins consist of two dissimilar polypeptide chains, a and b. the a chain is structurally homologous to phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) enzymes. the structural organization of the genes encoding a1, a2 and a8 chains are reported in this study. their nucleotide sequences shared up to 97.5% identity. alignment of the determined a chain genes with their cdnas revealed that a1 chain gene organized with four exons and three introns, while a2 chain g ... | 2002 | 12368113 |
| organization and phylogenetic analysis of kappa-bungarotoxin genes from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait). | two genomic dnas were isolated from the liver of bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) encoded kappa1-bungarotoxin and kappa3-bungarotoxin precursors, respectively. they shared virtually identical overall organization with three exons separated by two introns and a high degree of nucleotide-sequence identity with alpha-neurotoxin genes, including similar intron insertions. this suggests that kappa-neurotoxins and alpha-neurotoxins might have originated from a common ancestor. the consensus ... | 2002 | 12403176 |
| muscarinic toxin-like proteins from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom: purification, characterization and gene organization. | two novel proteins, bm8 and bm14, were isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom using the combination of chromatography on a sp-sephadex c-25 column and a reverse-phase hplc column. both proteins contained 82 amino acid residues including 10 cysteine residues, but there were two amino acid substitutions at positions 37 and 38 (glu37-ala38 in bm8; lys37-lys38 in bm14). cd spectra and acrylamide quenching studies revealed that the gross conformation of bm8 and bm14 differed. ... | 2002 | 12437132 |
| a pilot experiment for production of malayan krait antivenom: immunization of rabbits with bungarus candidus venom. | immunization with bungarus candidus venom was performed in four rabbits at high dose (initial dose, 75 microg/kg) and low dose (initial dose, 50 microg/kg). each dose group consisted of two rabbits; one rabbit received the venom subcutaneously (s.c.) and the other intradermally (i.d.). the venom was injected as emulsified solutions with the same volume of freund's complete adjuvant until the 4th immunization, thereafter as plain solutions. by stepwise increments of the immunizing dose, the highe ... | 2002 | 12503879 |
| a gata-binding protein expressed predominantly in the pupal ovary of the silkworm, bombyx mori. | preferential localization of bkm (banded krait minor-satellite) dna sequences on y/w chromosomes of higher eukaryotes, which remain highly condensed in somatic cells but undergo extensive decondensation in the germ cells during early stages of development, led to the postulation for the existence of a sex- and tissue-specific bkm-binding protein (bbp). accordingly, we purified and characterized a bmbbp expressed predominantly in pupal ovary of the silkworm (bombyx mori). 2d-page revealed bmbbp a ... | 2003 | 12535677 |
| genome-wide analysis of bkm sequences (gata repeats): predominant association with sex chromosomes and potential role in higher order chromatin organization and function. | motivation: bkm (banded krait minor) satellite dna sequences (gata repeats) have been shown to be associated with the sex determining chromosomes of various eukaryotes and have been implicated in the evolution and differentiation of sex chromosomes in snakes. the objective of the study is to analyze the gata repeats of human genome specifically, the y-chromosome, and other model organisms to understand the possible function and potential role in higher order chromatin organization. results: our ... | 2003 | 12691979 |
| alpha-bungarotoxin binding to acetylcholine receptor membranes studied by low angle x-ray diffraction. | the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) carries two binding sites for snake venom neurotoxins. alpha-bungarotoxin from the southeast asian banded krait, bungarus multicinctus, is a long neurotoxin which competitively blocks the nachr at the acetylcholine binding sites in a relatively irreversible manner. low angle x-ray diffraction was used to generate electron density profile structures at 14-a resolution for torpedo californica nachr membranes in the absence and presence of alpha-bungarot ... | 2003 | 12885641 |
| alteration of mitochondrial function by bungarus fasciatus venom. | 1965 | 14311629 | |
| induction by beta-bungarotoxin of apoptosis in cultured hippocampal neurons is mediated by ca(2+)-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species. | the component of the venom of the taiwanese banded krait bungarus multicinctus, beta-bungarotoxin (beta-butx), acts as an extremely potent inducer of neuronal apoptosis when applied to rat hippocampal cultures. while induction of cell death is dependent on toxin binding to voltage-activated k+ channels and subsequent internalization, the pro-apoptotic signals triggered by picomolar concentrations of beta-butx are not understood. following toxin binding, a dramatic increase in intracellular ca2+ ... | 2003 | 14535943 |
| novel neurotoxins from taiwan banded krait (bungarus multicinctus) venom: purification, characterization and gene organization. | two novel neurotoxins bm10-1 and bm10-2 were isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom using the combinations of chromatography on a sp-sephadex c-25 column and a reverse phase hplc column. bm10-1 contained 66 amino acid residues including 10 cys residues, while bm10-2 consisted of 65 amino acid residues with 8 cys residues. the secondary structure of both bm10-1 and bm10-2 was dominated with beta-sheet, but their gross conformation differed as evidenced by cd spectra and a ... | 2003 | 14559085 |
| lys-64 of the a chain is involved in the enzymatic activity and neurotoxic effect of beta-bungarotoxin. | two beta-bungarotoxin isotoxins bm12 and bm13 were isolated from bungarus multicinctus (taiwan banded krait) venom by sequential chromatography on ion-exchange and reverse phase columns. the two toxins have the same a chain, but different b chains. different phospholipase a2 activity and different potencies in inhibiting the spontaneous enhancement of spontaneous synaptic current frequency and muscle contraction were observed for bm12 and bm13. nevertheless, modification of lys-64 in the a chain ... | 2005 | 15626367 |
| kinetics study of bungarus fasciatus venom acetylcholinesterase immobilised on a langmuir-blodgett proteo-glycolipidic bilayer. | this study deals with the kinetics properties of an enzyme immobilised in a defined orientation in a biomimetic environment. for this purpose, acetylcholinesterase (ache) was captured at the surface of a nanostructured proteo-glycolipidic langmuir-blodgett film through specific recognition by a noninhibitor monoclonal antibody (igg) inserted in a neoglycolipid bilayer. modelling of this molecular assembly provided a plausible interpretation of the functional orientation of the enzyme. the ache a ... | 2005 | 15651043 |
| immunochemical and biochemical comparisons of equine monovalent and polyvalent snake antivenoms. | although the merit of polyvalent antivenoms is well-recognized, there is still doubt in some medical circles as to the relative efficacy and the propensity to cause adverse reactions of polyvalent (pav) as compared to monovalent (mav) antivenoms. immunochemical and biochemical comparisons of equine polyvalent and monovalent antivenoms prepared under the same immunization protocols were therefore made. these antivenoms were prepared against naja kaouthia (nk), ophiophagus hannah (oh) and bungarus ... | 2005 | 15683876 |
| contribution of a snake venom toxin to myasthenia gravis: the discovery of alpha-bungarotoxin in taiwan. | myasthenia gravis (mg) is now recognized as an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies to acetylcholine (ach) receptor lead to impairment of neuromuscular transmission. the discovery of alpha-bungarotoxin by chang and lee in 1963 has played a crucial role in establishing the new concept of mg. however, isolation of bungarotoxins from the venom of taiwan banded krait, bungarus multicinctus, was accomplished in the poorly funded and under equipped laboratory of the department of pharmacology, nati ... | 2005 | 16019658 |
| capillary electrophoresis versus differential scanning calorimetry for the analysis of free enzyme versus enzyme-ligand complexes: in the search of the ligand-free status of cholinesterases. | cholinesterases (ches) are highly efficient biocatalysts whose active site is buried in a deep, narrow gorge. the talent of ce to discover inhibitors in the gorge of highly purified preparations has fairly altered the meaning of a che ligand-free status. to attempt at a description of this one, we investigated the stability of bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase (ache), alone or complexed with different inhibitors. determination of mid-transition temperature for thermal denaturation, using d ... | 2006 | 16342323 |
| kchip3: a binding protein for taiwan banded krait beta-bungarotoxin. | using b1 chain of beta-bungarotoxin (beta-bgt) as bait in yeast two-hybrid screen, we found that kchip3 was a binding protein of b1 chain. thus, protein-protein interaction between beta-bgt and kchip3 is investigated in the present study. pull-down assay showed that recombinant kchip3 proteins were associated with beta-bgt as well as b1 chain, whereas the inability of kchips 1, 2 and 4 to bind with beta-bgt was observed. although ca2+ was not a crucial factor essential for the binding of kchip3 ... | 2006 | 16356520 |
| mutant of bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase with low affinity and low hydrolase activity toward organophosphorus esters. | enzymes hydrolysing highly toxic organophosphate esters (ops) are promising alternatives to pharmacological countermeasures against ops poisoning. bungarus fasciatus acetylcholinesterase (bfache) was engineered to acquire organophosphate hydrolase (opase) activity by reproducing the features of the human butyrylcholinesterase g117h mutant, the first mutant designed to hydrolyse ops. the modification consisted of a triple mutation on the (122)gfys(125) peptide segment, resulting in (122)hfqt(125) ... | 2006 | 16962835 |
| sequences, geographic variations and molecular phylogeny of venom phospholipases and threefinger toxins of eastern india bungarus fasciatus and kinetic analyses of its pro31 phospholipases a2. | eight phospholipases a2 (plas) and four three-finger-toxins (3ftx) from the pooled venom of bungarus fasciatus (bf) were previously studied and sequenced, but their expression pattern in individual bf venom and possible geographic variations remained to be investigated. we herein analyze the individual venom of two bf specimens from kolkata (designated as kbf) to address this question. seven plas and five 3ftx were purified from the kbf venoms, and respective cdnas were cloned from venom glands ... | 2007 | 17166178 |
| isolation and cloning of a metalloproteinase from king cobra snake venom. | a 50 kda fibrinogenolytic protease, ohagin, from the venom of ophiophagus hannah was isolated by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange and heparin affinity chromatography. ohagin specifically degraded the alpha-chain of human fibrinogen and the proteolytic activity was completely abolished by edta, but not by pmsf, suggesting it is a metalloproteinase. it dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by adp, tmva and stejnulxin. the full sequence of ohagin was deduced by cdna c ... | 2007 | 17337026 |
| a bactericidal homodimeric phospholipases a2 from bungarus fasciatus venom. | group iia secretory phospholipases a(2) (spla(2)-ii) is generally known to display potent gram-positive bactericidal activity, while group ia spla(2) (spla(2)-i) reportedly is not. in this work, a novel spla(2)-i named bfpa was identified from bungarus fasciatus venom, and its antimicrobial activity was studied as well. the amino acid sequence of the venomous protein precursor was 145-amino acid in length, and contained a predicted 27-amino acid signal peptide and a 118-amino acid mature protein ... | 2007 | 17383773 |
| molecular characterization of l-amino acid oxidase from king cobra venom. | an l-amino acid oxidase from ophiophagus hannah snake venom (oh-laao) was purified by successive gel filtration, ion-exchange and heparin chromatography. oh-laao did not induce platelet aggregation; however, it had potent inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation induced by adp and u46619, but showed no effect on platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, mucetin, ristocetin and stejnulxin. by rt-pcr and 5'-race methods, the complete oh-laao cdna was cloned from the venom gland total rna prepar ... | 2007 | 17543361 |
| phenotypic responses of hatchlings to constant versus fluctuating incubation temperatures in the multi-banded krait, bungarus multicintus (elapidae). | most studies on egg incubation in reptiles have relied on constant temperature incubation in the laboratory rather than on simulations of thermal regimes in natural nests. the thermal effects on embryos in constant-temperature studies often do not realistically reflect what occurs in nature. recent studies have increasingly recognized the importance of simulating natural nest temperatures rather than applying constant-temperature regimes. we incubated bungarus multicintus eggs under three consta ... | 2007 | 17867836 |
| a novel serine protease inhibitor from bungarus fasciatus venom. | by sephadex g-50 gel filtration, cation-exchange cm-sephadex c-25 chromatography and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), a novel serine protease inhibitor named bungaruskunin was purified and characterized from venom of bungarus fasciatus. its cdna was also cloned from the cdna library of b. fasciatus venomous glands. the predicted precursor is composed of 83 amino acid (aa) residues including a 24-aa signal peptide and a 59-aa mature bungaruskunin. bungaruskunin showed ... | 2008 | 18164783 |
| new and already known acanthocephalans from amphibians and reptiles in vietnam, with keys to species of pseudoacanthocephalus petrochenko, 1956 (echinorhynchidae) and sphaerechinorhynchus johnston and deland, 1929 (plagiorhynchidae). | adults of 2 new species in 2 orders of acanthocephalans obtained from the intestines of terrestrial amphibians and reptiles collected between 1998 and 2004 in vietnam are described here. pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae n. sp. (palaeacnthocephala: echinorhynchidae) was collected from 5 species of terrestrial amphibians: (1) the common sunda toad bufo melanostictus schneider (bufonidae); (2) paa verucospinosa (bourret); (3) gunther's amoy frog rana guentheri boulenger; (4) taipei frog r. taipe ... | 2008 | 18372639 |
| the development of igy(deltafc) antibody based neuro toxin antivenoms and the study on their neutralization efficacies. | immunotherapy for treatment of snake bites has been based on mammalian igg. recently, polyvalent ovine fab has become available. however, papain, used in the fab fragmentation process, is a human allergen. avian eggs are a source of antibodies and a truncated version of igy, igy(deltafc), is found in ducks. in this study, we induced duck antibodies by using detoxified cobra and krait venoms and then purified igy(deltafc) antibodies from the hyperimmune duck egg yolk. | 2008 | 18584367 |
| identification and characterization of novel reptile cathelicidins from elapid snakes. | three cdna sequences coding for elapid cathelicidins were cloned from constructed venom gland cdna libraries of naja atra, bungarus fasciatus and ophiophagus hannah. the open reading frames of the cloned elapid cathelicidins were all composed of 576bp and coded for 191 amino acid residue protein precursors. each of the deduced elapid cathelicidin has a 22 amino acid residue signal peptide, a conserved cathelin domain of 135 amino acid residues and a mature antimicrobial peptide of 34 amino acid ... | 2008 | 18620012 |
| snake cathelicidin from bungarus fasciatus is a potent peptide antibiotics. | cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules of innate immunity, which are firstly found in mammalians. recently, several cathelicidins have also been found from chickens and fishes. no cathelicidins from other non-mammalian vertebrates have been reported. | 2008 | 18795096 |
| purification, characterization and biological activities of the l-amino acid oxidase from bungarus fasciatus snake venom. | l-amino acid oxidases (laaos) are widely distributed in snake venoms, which contribute to the toxicity of venoms. however, laao from bungarus fasciatus (b. fasciatus) snake venom has not been isolated previously. in the present study, laao from b. fasciatus snake venom was purified by sp-sepharose hp anion exchange chromatography followed by heparin-sepharose ff affinity chromatography procedure and the purified enzyme was named bf-laao. bf-laao presented an estimated molecular weight of 55kda i ... | 2009 | 19393676 |
| new progress in snake mitochondrial gene rearrangement. | to further understand the evolution of snake mitochondrial genomes, the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences were determined for representative species from two snake families: the many-banded krait, the banded krait, the chinese cobra, the king cobra, the hundred-pace viper, the short-tailed mamushi, and the chain viper. thirteen protein-coding genes, 22-23 trna genes, 2 rrna genes, and 2 control regions were identified in these mtdnas. duplication of the control region and translocatio ... | 2009 | 19479623 |
| beta-bungarotoxin application to the round window: an in vivo deafferentation model of the inner ear. | hearing impairment can be caused by a primary lesion to the spiral ganglion neurons (sgns) with the hair cells kept intact, for example via tumours, trauma or auditory neuropathy. to mimic these conditions in animal models various methods of inflicting damage to the inner ear have been used. however, only a few methods have a selective effect on the sgns, which is of importance since it might be clinically more relevant to study hearing impairment with the hair cells undamaged. beta-bungarotoxin ... | 2010 | 20184947 |
| severe infection of wild-caught snakes with spirometra erinaceieuropaei from food markets in guangzhou, china involves a risk for zoonotic sparganosis. | wild-caught snakes are a popular and traditional food in china. however, little known to the public, snakes are also intermediate hosts of spirometra erinaceieuropaei, a food- and water-borne pathogen of sparganosis. therefore, we investigated the prevalence of s. erinaceieuropaei in 10 popular species of wild-caught snakes in guangzhou city (guangdong province) between july 2009 and july 2010. one hundred and twenty-four specimens of 10 species (including enhydris plumbea, zoacys dhumnades, ela ... | 2010 | 21348631 |
| the antibacterial activity of bf-30 in vitro and in infected burned rats is through interference with cytoplasmic membrane integrity. | cathelicidin-bf (bf-30) is found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. nevertheless, its antibacterial activity in vivo and antibacterial mechanism is unknown. in the present study, we examined the antibacterial activity of bf-30 in vitro against drug-resistant escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus, first identifying its protection against p. aeruginosa in infected burns and then delineating ... | 2011 | 21515321 |
| cathelicidin-bf, a snake cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, could be an excellent therapeutic agent for acne vulgaris. | cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules in innate immunity. cathelicidin-bf has been purified from the snake venoms of bungarus fasciatus and it is the first identified cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in reptiles. in this study, cathelicidin-bf was found exerting strong antibacterial activities against propionibacterium acnes. its minimal inhibitory concentration against two strains of p. acnes was 4.7 µg/ml. cathelicidin-bf also effec ... | 2011 | 21789223 |
| structure-activity relationships of a snake cathelicidin-related peptide, bf-15. | cathelicidin-bf15 (bf-15) is a 15-mer peptide derived from cathelicidin-bf (bf-30), which is found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity. since bf-15 retains most part of the antimicrobial activity of bf-30 but has significantly reduced haemolytic activity and a much shorter sequence length (and less cost), it is a particularly attractive template around which to design novel antimicrobial peptides. however, the structure-activity relationship of ... | 2011 | 22008732 |
| Ophiotaenia bungari n. sp. (Cestoda), a parasite of Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) (Ophidia: Elapidae) from Vietnam, with comments on relative ovarian size as a new and potentially useful diagnostic character for proteocephalidean tapeworms. | Ophiotaenia bungari n. sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) is described from the intestine of the banded krait Bungarus fasciatus (Schneider) (Ophidia: Elapidae) in Vietnam. The new species differs from all but three Ophiotaenia species parasitic in Asian reptiles in the possession of a glandular apical organ. It differs from O. andersoni Jensen, Schmidt & Kuntz, 1983 in the position of the vagina in relation to the cirrus-sac (anterior and posterior in O. bungari versus ante ... | 2012 | 22139008 |
| inhibition of toxic actions of phospholipase a2 isolated & characterized from the indian banded krait (bungarus fasciatus) venom by synthetic herbal compounds. | phospholipase a2 (pla2 ) is one of the major constituents of krait venom associated with several pathophysiological actions like myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. as there was no specific antiserum available against bungarus fasciatus venom, this study was done with synthetic herbal compounds, anti pla2 rabbit antiserum and commercial polyvalent snake venom antiserum to neutralize the pla2 induced toxicities in experimental models. | 2012 | 22885262 |
| effective antimicrobial activity of cbf-k16 and cbf-a7 a13 against ndm-1-carrying escherichia coli by dna binding after penetrating the cytoplasmic membrane in vitro. | new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1(ndm-1)-carrying isolates, which are resistant to most clinical used antibiotics except for tigecycline and colistin, have been found worldwide. cathelicidin-bf (bf-30) is found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus and exhibits broad antimicrobial activity. cbf-k(16) and cbf-a(7) a(13) were obtained by mutating lys(16), ala(7), and ala(13) of bf-30, respectively. to investigate their antimicrobial activities against ndm-1 carrying bacteria, recombinant e ... | 2013 | 23389882 |
| bf-30 selectively inhibits melanoma cell proliferation via cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization and dna-binding in vitro and in b16f10-bearing mice. | cathelicidin-bf (bf-30) is a cathelicidin-like polypeptide composed of 30 amino acids and is a natural antibacterial peptide extracted from the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus. in our previous study, bf-30 showed broad antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria through enhancing the cytoplasmic membrane permeability. however, the anticancer activity of bf-30 has not yet been investigated. in this study, the effects of bf-30 on the proliferation of the metastatic melanoma cell l ... | 2013 | 23541725 |
| nmr solution structure of a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the taiwan cobra naja naja atra. | the taiwan cobra (naja naja atra) chymotrypsin inhibitor (naci) consists of 57 amino acids and is related to other kunitz-type inhibitors such as bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) and bungarus fasciatus fraction ix (bf9), another chymotrypsin inhibitor. here we present the solution structure of naci. we determined the nmr structure of naci with a root-mean-square deviation of 0.37 å for the backbone atoms and 0.73 å for the heavy atoms on the basis of 1,075 upper distance limits derived ... | 2013 | 23896616 |
| a cytotoxic protein (bf-ct1) purified from bungarus fasciatus venom acts through apoptosis, modulation of pi3k/akt, mapkinase pathway and cell cycle regulation. | bf-ct1, a 13 kda protein isolated from bungarus fasciatus snake venom through cm cellulose ion exchange chromatography at 0.02 m nacl salt gradient showed cytotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. in in vivo ehrlich ascites carcinoma (eac) induced balb/c mice model, bf-ct1 treatment reduced eac cell count significantly through apoptotic cell death pathway as evidenced by facs analysis, increased caspase 3, 9 activity and altered pro, antiapoptotic protein expression. bf-ct1 treat ... | 2013 | 23981271 |
| the cathelicidin-bf lys16 mutant cbf-k16 selectively inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation in vitro. | the 30-amino acid antimicrobial peptide cbf-k16 is a cathelicidin-bf (bf-30) lys16 mutant derived from the snake venom of bungarus fasciatus. our previous study found that bf-30 selectively inhibited the proliferation of the metastatic melanoma cell line b16f10 in vitro and in vivo, but had a negligible effect on human lung cells. in the present study, it was demonstrated for the first time that cbf-k16 selectively inhibits the proliferation of lung carcinoma cells in vitro, with low toxicity to ... | 2013 | 23982315 |
| expressing antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf in bacillus subtilis using sumo technology. | small ubiquitin-related modifier (sumo) technology has been widely used in escherichia coli expression systems to produce antimicrobial peptides. however, e. coli is a pathogenic bacterium that produces endotoxins and can secrete proteins into the periplasm, forming inclusion bodies. in our work, cathelicidin-bf (cbf), an antimicrobial peptide purified from bungarus fasciatus venom, was produced in a bacillus subtilis expression system using sumo technology. the chimeric genes his-sumo-cbf and h ... | 2014 | 24121930 |
| isolation and characterization of α-elapitoxin-bf1b, a postsynaptic neurotoxin from malaysian bungarus fasciatus venom. | bungarus fasciatus is one of three species of krait found in malaysia. envenoming by b. fasciatus results in neurotoxicity due to the presence of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins. antivenom, either monovalent or polyvalent, is the treatment of choice in systemically envenomed patients. in this study, we have isolated a postsynaptic neurotoxin which we named α-elapitoxin-bf1b. this toxin has an approximate molecular weight of 6.9 kda, with lcms/ms data showing that it is highly homologous ... | 2014 | 24440452 |
| comparative analysis of the venom proteome of four important malaysian snake species. | naja kaouthia, ophiophagus hannah, bungarus fasciatus and calloselasma rhodostoma are four venomous snakes indigenous to malaysia. in the present study, their proteomic profile by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) have been separated and compared. | 2014 | 24593956 |
| in-vitro neurotoxicity of two malaysian krait species (bungarus candidus and bungarus fasciatus) venoms: neutralization by monovalent and polyvalent antivenoms from thailand. | bungarus candidus and bungarus fasciatus are two species of krait found in southeast asia. envenoming by these snakes is often characterized by neurotoxicity and, without treatment, causes considerable morbidity and mortality. in this study, the in vitro neurotoxicity of each species, and the effectiveness of two monovalent antivenoms and a polyvalent antivenom, against the neurotoxic effects of the venoms, were examined in a skeletal muscle preparation. both venoms caused concentration-dependen ... | 2014 | 24625762 |
| preparation, characterization, in vitro release and degradation of cathelicidin-bf-30-plga microspheres. | cathelicidin-bf-30 (bf-30), a water-soluble peptide isolated from the snake venom of bungarus fasciatus containing 30 amino acid residues, was incorporated in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) 75∶25 microspheres (ms) prepared by a water in oil in water w/o/w emulsification solvent extraction method. the aim of this work was to investigate the stability of bf-30 after encapsulation. d-trehalose was used as an excipient to stabilize the peptide. the ms obtained were mostly under 2 µm in size a ... | 2014 | 24963652 |
| identification and characterisation of novel inhibitors on extrinsic tenase complex from bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) venom. | snake venoms are excellent sources of pharmacologically active proteins and peptides, and hence are potential sources of leads for drug developments. it has been previously established that krait (bungarus genus) venoms contain mainly neurotoxins. a screening for anticoagulants showed that bungarus fasciatus venom exhibits potent anticoagulant effect in standard clotting assays. through sequential fractionation of the venom by size exclusion and high performance liquid chromatographies, coupled ... | 2014 | 25008365 |
| isolation and characterization of a presynaptic neurotoxin, p-elapitoxin-bf1a from malaysian bungarus fasciatus venom. | presynaptic neurotoxins are one of the major components in bungarus venom. unlike other bungarus species that have been studied, β-bungarotoxin has never been isolated from bungarus fasciatus venom. it was hypothesized that the absence of β-bungarotoxin in this species was due to divergence during evolution prior to evolution of β-bungarotoxin. in this study, we have isolated a β-bungarotoxin isoform we named p-elapitoxin-bf1a by using gel filtration, cation-exchange and reverse-phase chromatogr ... | 2014 | 25064255 |
| proteomic characterization and comparison of malaysian bungarus candidus and bungarus fasciatus venoms. | kraits (bungarus spp.) are highly venomous elapids that are only found in asia. in the current study, 103 and 86 different proteins were identified from bungarus candidus and bungarus fasciatus venoms, respectively. these proteins were classified into 18 different venom protein families. both venoms were found to contain a high percentage of three finger toxins, phospholipase a2 enzymes and kunitz-type inhibitors. smaller number of high molecular weight enzymes such as l-amino acid oxidase, hyal ... | 2014 | 25154052 |
| crystal structure of snake venom acetylcholinesterase in complex with inhibitory antibody fragment fab410 bound at the peripheral site: evidence for open and closed states of a back door channel. | the acetylcholinesterase found in the venom of bungarus fasciatus (bfache) is produced as a soluble, non-amphiphilic monomer with a canonical catalytic domain but a distinct c terminus compared with the other vertebrate enzymes. moreover, the peripheral anionic site of bfache, a surface site located at the active site gorge entrance, bears two substitutions altering sensitivity to cationic inhibitors. antibody elec410, generated against electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase (eeache), inh ... | 2015 | 25411244 |
| fasxiator, a novel factor xia inhibitor from snake venom, and its site-specific mutagenesis to improve potency and selectivity. | bleeding remains a major limitation of standard anticoagulant drugs that target the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways. recently, intrinsic coagulation factors are increasingly being investigated as alternative targets for developing anticoagulant drugs with lower bleeding risk. | 2015 | 25418421 |
| predicted structure model of bungarotoxin from bungarus fasciatus snake. | snake venoms are cocktails comprising combinations of different proteins, peptides, enzymes and toxins. snake toxins have diverse characteristics having different molecular configuration, structure and mode of action. many toxins derived from snake venom have distinct pharmacological activities. venom from bungarus fasciatus (commonly known as banded krait) is a species of elapid snake found on the south east asia and indian sub-continent, mainly contains neurotoxins. beta bungartotoxin is the m ... | 2014 | 25489170 |
| inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, a novel facet in the pleiotropic activities of snake venom phospholipases a2. | phospholipases a2 represent the most abundant family of snake venom proteins. they manifest an array of biological activities, which is constantly expanding. we have recently shown that a protein bitanarin, isolated from the venom of the puff adder bitis arietans and possessing high phospholipolytic activity, interacts with different types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and with the acetylcholine-binding protein. to check if this property is characteristic to all venom phospholipases a2, w ... | 2014 | 25522251 |
| expression and one-step purification of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf using the intein system in bacillus subtilis. | the intein expression system has been widely applied in escherichia coli to express various proteins and peptides. however, the removal of endotoxin from the recombinant proteins expressed in e. coli is very difficult and therefore complicates the purification process. in this study, we constructed an intein-based expression vector for an antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin from bungarus fasciatus) and expressed the intein fusion peptide in a bacillus subtilis expression system. the fusion pepti ... | 2015 | 25578306 |
| antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf prevents intestinal barrier dysfunction in a mouse model of endotoxemia. | intestinal barrier functions are altered during the development of sepsis. cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides, such as ll-37 and mcramp, can protect animals against intestinal barrier dysfunction. cathelicidin-bf (c-bf), a new cathelicidin peptide purified from the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus, has been shown to have both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. this study investigated whether c-bf pretreatment could protect the intestinal barrier against dysfunction in a mouse ... | 2015 | 25639228 |
| the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf could be a potential therapeutic for salmonella typhimurium infection. | resistance is increasing to several critical antimicrobials used to treat salmonella typhimurium infection, urging people to search for new antimicrobial agents. in this work, we reported the possibility of a potent antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf found in the venom of the snake bungarus fasciatus in treating salmonella typhimurium infection. we tested its activity in biological fluids and in vivo using a mouse model of salmonella typhimurium infection, and examined the effect of cathelici ... | 2015 | 25644952 |
| venoms of kraits bungarus multicinctus and bungarus fasciatus contain anticoagulant proteins. | 2015 | 25772992 | |
| cathelicidin-bf, a novel antimicrobial peptide from bungarus fasciatus, attenuates disease in a dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis. | antimicrobial peptides are molecules of innate immunity. cathelicidin-bf is the first cathelicidin peptide found in reptiles. however, the immunoregulatory and epithelial barrier protective properties of c-bf have not been reported. inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease, can lead to colon cancer, the third most common malignant tumor. the objective is to develop the new found cathelicidin-bf as a therapeutic to patients of ulcerative colitis. the morpholog ... | 2015 | 25807257 |
| cathelicidin-bf suppresses intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κb signaling pathway and enhancing the phagocytosis of immune cells via stat-1 in weanling piglets. | the severity of intestinal inflammation in mammals can be profoundly impacted by weaning stress. cathelicidins protect intestinal homeostasis by not only directly killing bacteria but also immune regulators. here, we investigated the effects of cathelicidin-bf (c-bf) derived from the snake venoms of bungarus fasciatus on weaning stress and intestinal inflammation and examined the mechanisms by which c-bf modulates intestinal immune responses in weanling piglets. we found that c-bf treatment sign ... | 2015 | 26044347 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of vietnamese krait venoms: neurotoxins are the major components in bungarus multicinctus and phospholipases a2 in bungarus fasciatus. | kraits are venomous snakes of genus bungarus from family elapidae. krait venoms are generally neurotoxic, but toxicity strongly depends on the particular species and regional origin of snakes. we analyzed the proteomes of vietnamese bungarus multicinctus and bungarus fasciatus venoms both qualitatively and quantitatively. it should be noted that no proteomic data for b. multicinctus venom existed so far. we have found that in this venom, almost half (45%) of the proteins by weight was represente ... | 2015 | 26341420 |
| molecular barcoding of venomous snakes and species-specific multiplex pcr assay to identify snake groups for which antivenom is available in thailand. | dna barcodes of mitochondrial coi and cytb genes were constructed from 54 specimens of 16 species for species identification. intra- and interspecific sequence divergence of the coi gene (10 times) was greater than that of the cytb gene (4 times), which suggests that the former gene may be a better marker than the latter for species delimitation in snakes. the coi barcode cut-off scores differed by more than 3% between most species, and the minimum interspecific divergence was greater than the m ... | 2015 | 26535713 |
| proteomic characterization and comparison of venoms from two elapid snakes (bungarus multicinctus and naja atra) from china. | bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) and naja atra (chinese cobra) are widely distributed and medically important venomous snakes in china; however, their venom proteomic profiles have not been fully compared. here, we fractionated crude venoms and analyzed them using a combination of proteomic techniques. three-finger toxins (3-ftx) and phospholipase a2 (pla2) were most abundant in both species, respectively accounting for 32.6% and 66.4% of total b. multicinctus venom, and 84.3% and 12.2% ... | 2016 | 26924299 |
| venom peptides cathelicidin and lycotoxin cause strong inhibition of escherichia coli atp synthase. | venom peptides are known to have strong antimicrobial activity and anticancer properties. king cobra cathelicidin or oh-cath (kf-34), banded krait cathelicidin (bf-30), wolf spider lycotoxin i (il-25), and wolf spider lycotoxin ii (ke-27) venom peptides were found to strongly inhibit escherichia coli membrane bound f1fo atp synthase. the potent inhibition of wild-type e. coli in comparison to the partial inhibition of null e. coli by kf-34, bf-30, il-25, or ke-27 clearly links the bactericidal p ... | 2016 | 26930579 |
| dna aptamers against taiwan banded krait α-bungarotoxin recognize taiwan cobra cardiotoxins. | bungarus multicinctus α-bungarotoxin (α-bgt) and naja atra cardiotoxins (ctxs) share a common structural scaffold, and their tertiary structures adopt three-fingered loop motifs. four dna aptamers against α-bgt have been reported previously. given that the binding of aptamers with targeted proteins depends on structural complementarity, in this study, we investigated whether dna aptamers against α-bgt could also recognize ctxs. it was found that n. atra cardiotoxin 3 (ctx3) reduced the electroph ... | 2016 | 26959062 |
| anti-osteoarthritic activity of bungarus fasciatus venom fraction bf-f47 involving molecular markers in the rats. | a heat stable protein bf-f47 was purified from the crude venom of bungarus fasciatus by cm cellulose ion exchange chromatography and hplc. osteoarthritis (oa) was developed in male albino wistar rats by collagenase injection. bf-f47 treatment significantly restored urinary hydroxyproline and glucosamine in oa rats. serum acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and serum molecular markers tnf-α, il-1β, il-17, cytokine induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1, ca ... | 2016 | 27108237 |
| production and characterization of neutralizing antibodies against bungarus multicinctus snake venom. | banded krait (bungarus multicinctus; bm), one of the major envenomation species in taiwan, contains neurotoxic venom proteins (bm proteins), that poses a serious medical problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. even though horse-derived serum is an efficient therapy against snake venom, it is associated with high cost and side effects. therefore, developing a more cost-effective alternative treatment option is highly envisaged. in this study, chickens were immunized with bm proteins, and ... | 2016 | 27663029 |
| cross-neutralisation of in vitro neurotoxicity of asian and australian snake neurotoxins and venoms by different antivenoms. | there is limited information on the cross-neutralisation of neurotoxic venoms with antivenoms. cross-neutralisation of the in vitro neurotoxicity of four asian and four australian snake venoms, four post-synaptic neurotoxins (α-bungarotoxin, α-elapitoxin-nk2a, α-elapitoxin-ppr1 and α-scutoxin; 100 nm) and one pre-synaptic neurotoxin (taipoxin; 100 nm) was studied with five antivenoms: thai cobra antivenom (tcav), death adder antivenom (daav), thai neuro polyvalent antivenom (tnpav), indian polyv ... | 2016 | 27763543 |
| assessing sabu (serum anti bisa ular), the sole indonesian antivenom: a proteomic analysis and neutralization efficacy study. | serum anti ular bisa (sabu) is the only snake antivenom produced locally in indonesia; however, its effectiveness has not been rigorously evaluated. this study aimed to assess the protein composition and neutralization efficacy of sabu. sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion liquid chromatography and shotgun proteomics revealed that sabu consists of f(ab')2but a significant amount of dimers, protein aggregates and contaminant albumins. sabu moderately neutralized calloselasma rho ... | 2016 | 27869134 |
| antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities of bungarus fasciatus venom in experimental animal models. | pain and inflammation are intimately associated with rheumatoid arthritis, a growing bone-joint related problem of the modern society. though several therapeutic managements are available for arthritis, their side effects not only limit their use, but also advocate the quest for natural therapies. in this study, we explored the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities of bungarus fasciatus venom (bfv) in experimental animal models. rheumatoid arthritis was induced by freun ... | 2016 | 28699722 |
| effects of cathelicidin-derived peptide from reptiles on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets. | cathelicidins are the largest family of antimicrobial peptides. c-bf, which is short for cathelicidin-bungarus fasciatus, was isolated from snake venom. c-bf was found to be the most potential substitutes for antibiotics. in this study, we analyzed the effects of cathelicidin-derived peptide c-bf, on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced intestinal damage in weaned piglets, to evaluate the therapeutic effect of c-bf on infectious disease of piglets. twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned into fou ... | 2017 | 29042014 |
| cross reactivity and lethality neutralization of venoms of indonesian trimeresurus complex species by thai green pit viper antivenom. | arboreal pit vipers of the trimeresurus complex group are medically important species in indonesia (west of wallace's line), but there is no specific antivenom produced in the country for treating related envenomation. instead, the exiting trivalent indonesian antivenom, biosave®serum anti bisa ular (sabu, indicated for envenoming by malayan pit viper, javan spitting cobra and banded krait) is often misused to treat trimeresus envenoming resulting in poor therapeutic outcome. here, we investigat ... | 2017 | 29051104 |
| systemic responses of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii following exposure to the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-bf imply multiple intracellular targets. | cathelicidin-bf, derived from the banded krait (bungarus fasciatus), is a typically cationic, amphiphilic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide (amp) with 30 amino acids that exerts powerful effects on multidrug-resistant (mdr) clinical isolates, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, and klebsiella pneumoniae, but whether it targets plasma membranes or intracellular targets to kill bacteria is still controversial. in the present study, we demonstrated that the disruption of ba ... | 2017 | 29164074 |
| the antimicrobial potential of a new derivative of cathelicidin from bungarus fasciatus against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides which exhibit broad antimicrobial activities against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. considering the progressive antibiotic resistance, cathelicidin is a candidate for use as an alternative approach to treat and overcome the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. cathelicidin-bf (cath-bf) is a short antimicrobial peptide, which was originally extracted from the venom of bungarus fasciatus. recent studies have reported that cath-bf and some rela ... | 2018 | 29392557 |
| ultrastructure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica in four species of venomous snakes. | the general histology and ultrastructure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica of four taiwanese venomous snakes, the chinese cobra (naja naja atra), banded krait (bungarus multicinctus), taiwan habu (trimeresurus mucrosquamatus), and bamboo snake (trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri) are described. the tongue fork exhibits a mid-dorsal invagination that broadens gradually toward its base. no mid-ventral invagination is observed. the epithelial cells on both dorsal and ventra ... | 1991 | 29865528 |
| engineering varied serine protease inhibitors by converting p1 site of bf9, a weakly active kunitz-type animal toxin. | although there were a lot of weakly active animal toxins in the venoms, their values and applications are still mysterious, such as bf9, which is a kunitz-type toxin isolated from the venom of the elapid snake bungarus fasciatus. here, we used bf9 to be a molecular scaffold, and engineered eight bf9-derived peptides by changing p1 site asn17 of bf9, such as bf9-n17y and bf9-n17t designed from the polar subfamily, bf9-n17l and bf9-n17g designed from the non-polar subfamily, bf9-n17d designed from ... | 2018 | 30172807 |
| krait envenomation in thailand. | three species in the genus bungarus inhabit thailand. among these, bungarus candidus (malayan krait) is the most common and deadliest. currently, the clinical manifestations of patients envenomed by kraits, especially bungarus fasciatus (banded krait), have not been thoroughly investigated. this study was performed to elucidate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients bitten by kraits in thailand. | 2018 | 30271155 |