Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| molecular and insecticidal characterization of a bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated during a natural epizootic. | a new bacillus thuringiensis strain belonging to the serovar aizawai was isolated from a dead larva of the lepidopteran mythimna loreyi collected in a corn crop in spain during a natural epizootic. this strain, which was named leapi01, was compared with the kurstaki and aizawai strains isolated from dipel(r) and xentari(r), by electron microscopy, sds-page, plasmid pattern, pcr and insecticidal activity. this strain showed similar morphological and biochemical characteristics to the standard str ... | 2000 | 10971764 |
| induced plant defense responses against chewing insects. ethylene signaling reduces resistance of arabidopsis against egyptian cotton worm but not diamondback moth. | the induction of plant defenses by insect feeding is regulated via multiple signaling cascades. one of them, ethylene signaling, increases susceptibility of arabidopsis to the generalist herbivore egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis; lepidoptera: noctuidae). the hookless1 mutation, which affects a downstream component of ethylene signaling, conferred resistance to egyptian cotton worm as compared with wild-type plants. likewise, ein2, a mutant in a central component of the ethylene signa ... | 2000 | 11080278 |
| comparative analysis of the granulin regions of the phthorimaea operculella and spodoptera littoralis granuloviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of two cloned restriction fragments encompassing the granulin genes from the granuloviruses of the potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella, phopgv, and the egyptian cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis, spligv, have been determined. although both viruses are able to infect the same ph. operculella cell line, their granulins do not cluster in the same phylogenetic branches. phopgv ganulin is closely related to cydia pomonella gv (cpgv) and cryptophlebia leucotreta gv ... | 2000 | 11129630 |
| thiafatty acids as tracers to investigate biosynthetic pathways of lepidopteran sex pheromones. | in order to investigate the potential utility of thiafatty acids as tracers for biosynthetic studies of moth sex pheromones, a series of thiatetradecanoic acids, namely 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12- and 13-thiatetradecanoic, were prepared and their metabolism was investigated in pheromone glands of spodoptera littoralis. analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of extracts from pheromone glands treated with the above acids showed that only 8-thiatetradecanoic acid and 13-thiatetradeca ... | 2001 | 11222949 |
| persistent expression of a newly characterized hyposoter didymator polydnavirus gene in long-term infected lepidopteran cell lines. | an hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (hdiv) gene was stably maintained and efficiently transcribed in lepidopteran cell lines more than 3 years after hdiv infection. this k-gene had two introns and the fully spliced cdna, named k19, comprised a short open reading frame and a long 3'-untranslated region with 13 imperfectly repeated sequences (44 to 102 nt). transcripts related to the k-gene were detected in several long-term infected cell lines (sf9, spodoptera littoralis haemocytes, trichoplusia ni ... | 2001 | 11257204 |
| effects of a mustard trypsin inhibitor expressed in different plants on three lepidopteran pests. | the effects of mustard trypsin inhibitor mti-2 expressed at different levels in transgenic tobacco, arabidopsis and oilseed rape lines have been evaluated against three different lepidopteran insect pests. 1. plutella xylostella (l.) larvae were the most sensitive to the ingestion of mti-2. the inhibitor expressed at high levels in arabidopsis plants caused rapid and complete mortality. high mortality and significantly delayed larval development were also detectable in oilseed rape expressing mt ... | 2001 | 11267898 |
| immunological analysis of phloem sap of bacillus thuringiensis corn and of the nontarget herbivore rhopalosiphum padi (homoptera: aphididae) for the presence of cry1ab. | phloem sap of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn expressing a truncated form of the b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1ab, sap sucking aphids feeding on bt corn and their honeydew were analysed for presence of cry1ab using elisa. phloem sap of bt and non-bt corn was collected using a newly developed technique with a microcapillary being directly inserted into the phloem tubes. using this technique, no cry1ab was detected in the phloem sap. in contrast, measurable concentrations of cry ... | 2001 | 11298965 |
| identification, transcription and sequence analysis of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) dna polymerase gene. | sequence analysis of a 6.4 kb dna region from the spodoptera littoralis multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) revealed a large open reading frame (orf) encoding a predicted polypeptide of 998 amino acid (aa) residues with a molecular mass of 114.93 kda, located between 47.2-52.3 m.u. on the splinpv genome. comparative sequence analyses demonstrated that the orf encodes a dna polymerase gene (dnapol) that contains conserved exonuclease domains and dna polymerase motifs found in many pr ... | 2001 | 11315640 |
| two distinct hemolytic activities in xenorhabdus nematophila are active against immunocompetent insect cells. | xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp. are major insect bacterial pathogens symbiotically associated with nematodes. these bacteria are transported by their nematode hosts into the hemocoel of the insect prey, where they proliferate within hemolymph. in this work we report that wild strains belonging to different species of both genera are able to produce hemolysin activity on blood agar plates. using a hemocyte monolayer bioassay, cytolytic activity against immunocompetent cells from the hemoly ... | 2001 | 11375158 |
| expression, purification and characterization of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) dna polymerase and interaction with the splinpv non-hr origin of dna replication. | the dna polymerase from spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) was expressed in, and purified from, prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. while less protein was obtained from the e. coli expression system, splinpv dnapol purified from e. coli displayed similar biochemical characteristics to dnapol expressed in, and subsequently purified from, insect cells (sf9) using a baculovirus expression system. biochemical analyses suggested that the dna polymerase and the 3'-5' exonu ... | 2001 | 11413389 |
| effects of isoflavonoids from cicer on larvae of heliocoverpa armigera. | four recently identified isoflavonoids, isolated from wild relatives of chickpea, cicer arietinum, were shown to deter larval feeding by heliocoverpa armigera at 100 ppm, judaicin and maackiain retained their antifeedant activity at 50 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively. the isoflavonoids were tested in combinations and with chlorogenic acid; the combinations containing judaicin and maackiain were most active, and chlorogenic acid enhanced the antifeedant activity of all four isoflavonoids. h. armiger ... | 2001 | 11471948 |
| immunolocalization of odorant-binding proteins in noctuid moths (insecta, lepidoptera). | odorant-binding proteins were studied in the noctuid moths agrotis segetum, autographa gamma, helicoverpa armigera, heliothis virescens and spodoptera littoralis using antisera raised against the pheromone-binding protein (pbp) and general odorant-binding protein 2 (gobp2) of antheraea polyphemus (saturniidae). proteins immunoreacting with these antisera were only found on the antennae and pbp and gobp2 could be identified on western blots of males and females of all five species. pbps were pred ... | 2001 | 11555483 |
| trade-off between chemical and biotic antiherbivore defense in the south east asian plant genus macaranga. | the plant genus macaranga is known for its manifold mutualistic associations with ants. the plants provide food for the ants and in turn get protection from herbivores. depending on the strength of the plant-ant interaction, the plant's investment in ants and the biotic defense derived from them is more or less effective. we conducted a comparative study on tannin content in 12 macaranga species that were selected based on their associations with ants (three nonmyrmecophytes and nine myrmecophyt ... | 2001 | 11710606 |
| resolving the ddt target protein in insects as a subunit of the atp synthase. | 1,1-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (ddt) inhibited the atp hydrolytic activity of the atp synthase from a ddt-susceptible insect (apis mellifera) as well as a ddt-tolerant insect (spodoptera littoralis), and from rat liver and bovine heart in a parallel way to its insecticidal properties and selectivity of action. inhibition of the atpase activity of these preparations by ddt was parallel to the poisoning of the source organism with ddt. furthermore, both the inhibition and poisoning ... | 2002 | 11834125 |
| evaluation of synergism in the feeding deterrence of some furanocoumarins on spodoptera littoralis. | the phagodepression activity of five furanocoumarins (fc), bergapten, xanthotoxin, psoralen, imperatorin, and angelicin, has been studied against larvae of egyptian cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) using a leaf-disk choice bioassay. the dose range used was 0-10 microg/cm2 for linear furocoumarins and 0-30 microg/cm2 for angelicin, the angular furanocoumarin. dose-feeding deterrency activity correlations were governed by various sigmoidal functions, excep ... | 2002 | 11868673 |
| the mustard trypsin inhibitor 2 affects the fertility of spodoptera littoralis larvae fed on transgenic plants. | the effects of mustard trypsin inhibitor mti-2 expressed at different levels in transgenic tobacco lines have been evaluated by feeding the lepidopteran spodoptera littoralis throughout its larval life. specific conditions were selected to study the long-term effects of feeding larvae on transgenic plants expressing the inhibitor at various levels. the data obtained led to the establishment of three relevant parameters to be considered during the experimentation: (i) the pi content of the plant ... | 2002 | 11891125 |
| heritability of immune function in the caterpillar spodoptera littoralis. | phenoloxidase (po) is believed to be a key mediator of immune function in insects and has been implicated both in non-self recognition and in resistance to a variety of parasites and pathogens, including baculoviruses and parasitoids. using larvae of the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, we found that despite its apparent importance, haemolymph po activity varied markedly between individuals, even amongst insects reared under apparently identical conditions. sib-analysis methods w ... | 2002 | 11920128 |
| evidence for regulation of resistance in arabidopsis to egyptian cotton worm by salicylic and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. | signaling cross-talk between wound- and pathogen-response pathways influences resistance of plants to insects and disease. to elucidate potential interactions between salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) defense pathways, we exploited the availability of characterized mutants of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and monitored resistance to egyptian cotton worm (spodoptera littoralis boisd.; lepidoptera: noctuidae). this generalist herbivore is sensitive to induced plant defense pathways and ... | 2002 | 11925049 |
| stereospecificity of an enzymatic monoene 1,4-dehydrogenation reaction: conversion of (z)-11-tetradecenoic acid into (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienoic acid. | in this article, we report the first stereochemical study of an enzymatic 1,4-dehydrogenation reaction, namely, the transformation of (z)-11-tetradecenoic acid into (e,e)-10,12-tetradecadienoic acid, involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis of the moth spodoptera littoralis. the investigation was carried out using the labeled substrates (r)-[10-(2)h]- and (s)-[10-(2)h]-tridecanoic acids ((r)-2 and (s)-2, respectively) and (r)-[2,2,3,3,13-(2)h(5)]- and (s)-[2,2,3,3,13-(2)h(5)]-tetradecanoic aci ... | 2002 | 11925233 |
| characterization of two genes of the polydnavirus of chelonus inanitus and their stage-specific expression in the host spodoptera littoralis. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae, hymenoptera) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid of spodoptera littoralis. along with the egg the female wasp injects polydnaviruses, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. the polydnavirus genome is segmented and consists of double-stranded circular dna. proviral dna is integrated in the wasp's genome; virus replication is restricted to the wasp's ovary and does not occur in the parasitized host. the polydnavirus of c. inanitus (civ) protec ... | 2002 | 11961262 |
| molluscicidal and anti-feedant activities of diterpenes from euphorbia paralias l. | nine known diterpene polyesters of segetanes, jatrophenes and paralianes have been isolated from the aerial parts of euphorbia paralias l. the molluscicidal activity of isolated compounds was evaluated on biomphalaria alexandrina (ehrenberg). paraliane diterpene, (2s,3s,4r,5r,6r,8r,12s,13s,14r,15r)-5,8,14-triacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-15- hydroxy-9-oxo-paraliane, was the most potent compound against the snail. anti-feedant activity was tested by a conventional leaf disc method against third-instar lar ... | 2002 | 11997975 |
| the phla hemolysin from the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens belongs to the two-partner secretion family of hemolysins. | photorhabdus is an entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotically associated with nematodes of the family heterorhabditidae. bacterial hemolysins found in numerous pathogenic bacteria are often virulence factors. we describe here the nucleotide sequence and the molecular characterization of the photorhabdus luminescens phlba operon, a locus encoding a hemolysin which shows similarities to the serratia type of hemolysins. it belongs to the two-partner secretion (tps) family of proteins. in low-iron con ... | 2002 | 12081958 |
| swinhoeiamide a, a new highly active calyculin derivative from the marine sponge theonella swinhoei. | analysis of the papua new guinean sponge theonella swinhoei afforded a new calyculinamide-related congener for which we propose the name swinhoeiamide a (1). the structure of the new compound was unambiguously established on the basis of nmr spectroscopic ((1)h, (13)c, cosy, hmbc) and mass spectrometric (fabms) data. swinhoeiamide a exhibited insecticidal activity toward neonate larvae of the polyphagous pest insect spodoptera littoralis when incorporated in an artificial diet offered to the lar ... | 2002 | 12193024 |
| characterization of the apoptosis suppressor protein p49 from the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | two antiapoptotic types of genes, iap and p35, were found in baculoviruses. p35 is a 35-kda protein that can suppress apoptosis induced by virus infection or by diverse stimuli in vertebrates or invertebrates. iap homologues were identified in insects and mammals. recently, we have identified sl-p49, a novel apoptosis suppressor gene and the first homologue of p35, in the genome of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. here we show that sl-p49 encodes a 49-kda protein, confirmed its pr ... | 2002 | 12324475 |
| biorational agents--mechanism and importance in ipm and irm programs for controlling agricultural pests. | among the new approaches for controlling agricultural pests is the development of novel compounds affecting specific processes in insects such as chitin synthesis inhibitors, juvenile hormone mimics and ecdysone agonists. in addition, efforts have been made to develop compounds acting selectively on groups of insects by inhibiting or enhancing biochemical sites such as respiration (diafenthiuron), the nicotinyl acetylcholine receptors (imidacloprid and acetamiprid), the gaba receptors (avermecti ... | 2001 | 12425057 |
| insecticidal activity of selected actinomycete strains against the egyptian cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | actinomycete strains isolated from soil samples of saudi arabia and egypt were used in the present study to investigate the biological activity of their secondary metabolites on the cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis. secondary metabolites of 41 strains were given to the newly molted last instar larvae through the food plant (castor leaves). many actinomycete strains (58% of all) caused larval mortality ranging from 10-60%. treatments with strains no. 7, 36, 41 resulted in significant prolon ... | 2001 | 12425071 |
| activity of octylthiotrifluoropropan-2-one, a potent esterase inhibitor, on growth, development, and intraspecific communication in spodoptera littoralis and sesamia nonagrioides. | a series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of 3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (otfp) on growth, development, and behavior of the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and the corn stalk borer, sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae). the chemical behaved as an oviposition deterrent and, when added to the diet of the second-instar larvae of both insects, reduced diet consumption and growth, pupation, and adult emergence. treatment of 100- ... | 2002 | 12428960 |
| xenorhabdus nematophila (enterobacteriacea) secretes a cation-selective calcium-independent porin which causes vacuolation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cell lysis. | xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus luminescens are two related enterobacteriaceae studied for their use in biological control and for synthesis of original virulence factors and new kinds of antibiotics. x. nematophila broth growth exhibits different cytotoxic activities on insect (spodoptera littoralis, lepidoptera) immunocytes (hemocytes). here we report the purification of the flhdc-dependent cytotoxin, a 10,790-da peptide we have called alpha-xenorhabdolysin (alpha x). we show that pla ... | 2003 | 12441337 |
| emamectin, a novel insecticide for controlling field crop pests. | emamectin is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide with low toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment, and is considered an important component in pest-management programmes for controlling field crop pests. it is a powerful compound for controlling the cotton bollworm helicoverpa armigera (hübner). a spray concentration of 25 mg ai litre-1 in a cotton field resulted in over 90% suppression of h armigera larvae up to day 28 after treatment, while similar mortality of the egyptian cotton l ... | 2002 | 12449526 |
| characterization of pif, a gene required for the per os infectivity of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus. | during plaque purification of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus in s. littoralis sl52 cell culture, a deletion mutant virus was isolated. analysis of the biological properties of this mutant virus revealed an absence of per os infectivity of the occluded virus. infectivity by injection of the non-occluded (budded) virus is not different between the wild-type and the deleted virus. restriction analysis of the mutant virus genome revealed a 4.5 kb deletion within the noti d fragment. the ... | 2002 | 12466478 |
| reduced expression of the immediate-early protein ie0 enables efficient replication of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in poorly permissive spodoptera littoralis cells. | infection of spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells with the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) results in apoptosis and low yields of viral progeny, in contrast to infection with s. littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (slnpv). by cotransfecting sl2 cells with acmnpv genomic dna and a cosmid library representing the complete slnpv genome, we were able to rescue acmnpv replication and to isolate recombinant virus vacsl2, which replicated efficiently in sl2 cells. moreo ... | 2003 | 12477858 |
| the maize gene terpene synthase 1 encodes a sesquiterpene synthase catalyzing the formation of (e)-beta-farnesene, (e)-nerolidol, and (e,e)-farnesol after herbivore damage. | maize (zea mays) emits a mixture of volatile compounds upon attack by the egyptian cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis). these substances, primarily mono- and sesquiterpenes, are used by parasitic wasps to locate the lepidopteran larvae, which are their natural hosts. this interaction among plant, lepidopteran larvae, and hymenopteran parasitoids benefits the plant and has been termed indirect defense. the committed step in the biosynthesis of the different skeletal types of mono- and sesquit ... | 2002 | 12481088 |
| enzymatic changes and cytotoxic effects of metarhizium anisopliae fungal extracts on the egyptian cotton leaf worm spodoptera littoralis (sl 96) cell line. | the extra-and intra-cellular extracts of two metarhizium anisopliae isolates: ma23 and mr3, were introduced to a cell line of spodoptera littoralis. the cell line (sl96) was established in the entomovirology centre from s. littoralis ovaries. mr3 extracellular fluid-treated culture had an increase in the acid phosphatase (acp) level as compared either to the untreated cell line or to the fungal extract alone. moreover, the enzymatic tests showed that alpha and beta-glucosidases have been detecte ... | 2002 | 12512818 |
| solid lipid microparticle formulations of the pyrethroid gamma-cyhalothrin-incompatibility of the lipid and the pyrethroid and biological properties of the formulations. | pyrethroids such as gamma-cyhalothrin (gch) are valuable insecticides that possess a high and unwanted toxicity towards aquatic organisms. the aim of the present study was to test the ability of the solid lipid nanoparticle technology to reduce the aquatic toxicity and concurrently retain the insecticidal activity of gch. applying the lipid compritol) 888 ato and homogenising the crude o/w emulsions of melted gch and compritol at different pressures, 150-1500 bar, solid lipid microparticle formu ... | 2003 | 12526821 |
| the insecticidal activity of cyanobacteria against four insects, two of medical importance and two agricultural pests with reference to the action on albino mice. | acute lethal toxicity of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was investigated against 3rd larval stages of musca domestica, and culex pipiens, and 4th larval stages of spodoptera littoralis and agrotis ipsilon. the ld50s were 1.94, 2.33, 7.59 and 9.10 microg for m. domestica, c. pipiens, s. littoralis and a. ipsilon respectively. the slope functions were 4,045 +/- 0.332 (m. domestica), 4.122 +/- 0.336 (c. pipiens), 4.15 +/- 0.35 (s. littoralis) and 3.72 +/- 0.34 (a. ipsilon). these ld50s markedly a ... | 1999 | 12561932 |
| selective action of acetogenin mitochondrial complex i inhibitors. | five annonaceous acetogenins, rolliniastatin-1 [structure: see text], rolliniastatin-2 [structure: see text], laherradurin [structure: see text], squamocin [structure: see text], annonacin [structure: see text], and rotenone as a reference, differing in their nadh oxidase inhibition activity, have been evaluated for antifeedant, insecticidal, trypanocidal and cytotoxic effects on insect, mammalian and tumor cells. all the test compounds were toxic to leptinotarsa decemlineata, demonstrated selec ... | 2002 | 12562089 |
| further enhancement of baculovirus insecticidal efficacy with scorpion toxins that interact cooperatively. | we have studied whether the cooperative insecticidal effect of certain scorpion toxin pairs, namely either a combination of excitatory and depressant, or alpha and depressant scorpion toxins, would improve the efficacy of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) over a virus expressing only a single toxin, towards heliothis virescens, helicoverpa armigera, and spodoptera littoralis larvae. the best result was achieved by combined expression of the excitatory toxin, lqhit1, and the de ... | 2003 | 12606040 |
| dihydroisocoumarins and a tetralone from cytospora eucalypticola. | two dihydroisocoumarins, 3,5-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin and 3,5-dimethyl-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin were isolated from a culture filtrate of cytospora eucalypticola, together with three known dihydroisocoumarins and a tetralone derivative. their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. these isocoumarins are mildly antifungal, and antibacterial towards gram positive bacteria. a known compound, 5-hydroxymethylmellein, showed mild antifeedant activity tow ... | 2003 | 12620331 |
| insect antifeedant furanocoumarins from tetradium daniellii. | the dried fruits of tetradium daniellii yielded a new linear furanocoumarin, 5-(6-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,7-dienyloxy)psoralen, together with six other structurally related furanocoumarins. a similar chemical profile was recorded by hplc analysis of a fragment of t. daniellii fruit obtained from an historic herbarium voucher specimen collected in september 1917 during an expedition to yunnan province, china. four of the compounds identified caused a potent feeding deterrent effect towards lar ... | 2003 | 12657296 |
| novaluron (rimon), a novel igr--mechanism, selectivity and importance in ipm programs. | novaluron (rimon), a new igr, acts by both ingestion and contact. it is a powerful toxicant for controlling lepidopteran larvae resulting in lc-90 values of 0.42 and 0.30 mg a.i./liter for spodoptera littoralis and s. exigua, respectively. its residual activity under field conditions ranges between 10 and 30 days depending on environmental conditions. the compound is a powerful toxicant against developing stages of whiteflies, resulting in lc-90 values of 0.68 and 8.56 mg a.i./liter for bemisia ... | 2002 | 12696429 |
| overview of parasitism associated effects on host haemocytes in larval parasitoids and comparison with effects of the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus on its host spodoptera littoralis. | in the first part we review the effects of larval endoparasitoids and their polydnavirus and venom on the immune system of their hosts. in all systems investigated, haemocyte spreading and encapsulation activity was reduced; in some cases effects on total (thc) or differential (dhc) haemocyte count as well as modification of haemocyte morphology and ultrastructure were also documented. in many cases polydnavirus (and venom) were shown to play a major role in abrogation of the host's immune react ... | 1998 | 12769877 |
| physiological and endocrine changes associated with polydnavirus/venom in the parasitoid-host system chelonus inanitus-spodoptera littoralis. | as shown earlier, parasitization by the egg-larval parasitoid c. inanitus causes in its host the precocious onset of metamorphosis in the 5th instar followed by developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. polydnavirus/venom were shown to be responsible for the developmental arrest. we investigated how polydnavirus/venom affect growth of the host larvae and found that head capsule widths were smaller from the 4th to 6th stadium and weights were lower in the 6th stadium in polydnavirus/venom-conta ... | 1998 | 12769965 |
| taste detection of phytoecdysteroids in larvae of bombyx mori, spodoptera littoralis and ostrinia nubilalis. | a number of plants produce significant amounts of phytoecdysteroids that can disrupt the hormonal levels of insects feeding upon them. insects equipped with taste receptors sensitive to phytoecdysteroids are able to avoid such plants. how common is this strategy? by recording from the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica in two polyphagous species (ostrinia nubilalis and spodoptera littoralis) and in a monophagous species (bombyx mori), we tested whether the receptors could detect three commo ... | 2002 | 12770096 |
| characterization of a 212kd protein, released into the host by the larva of the endoparasitoid chelonus inanitus (hymenoptera, braconidae). | previous studies have shown that the larva of chelonus inanitus plays an essential role in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis in polydnavirus/venom-containing spodoptera littoralis, and that this effect might be due to proteins released by the parasitoid larva into the host. here we show that a 212kd protein is the predominant protein released in vitro by late first instar parasitoids. this protein does not accumulate anywhere in the parasitoid body. polyclonal antibodies specific fo ... | 2001 | 12770184 |
| analysis of endoparasitoid-released proteins and their effects on host development in the system chelonus inanitus (braconidae)-spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae). | having shown earlier that the larva of c. inanitus is essential in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis in polydnavirus/venom containing s. littoralis, we here analysed release of proteins by parasitoid larvae and their effects on host development. parasitoid larvae released proteins in vivo and in vitro in a stage dependent manner. an approximately 212 kd protein was released from the mid 1st instar onwards and additional smaller proteins could be associated mainly with the 2nd and 3r ... | 1999 | 12770295 |
| titres of juvenile hormone i, ii and iii in spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae) from the egg to the pupal moult and their modification by the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus (braconidae). | physico-chemical analysis of juvenile hormones (jhs) of spodoptera littoralis revealed highest quantities in the second half of embryonic development and in newly hatched 1st instar larvae. at these stages, mostly jh ii, jh i and little jh iii were found, while in later stages only jh ii and jh iii were found. titres fluctuated in a similar manner in all larval instars, being lowest during the moults. in last (=6th) instar larvae, jhs disappeared in the late feeding-digging stage and again incre ... | 1999 | 12770366 |
| fate of polydnavirus dna of the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus in the host spodoptera littoralis. | in situ hybridizations show that 5 min after parasitization, polydnavirus dna is in close vicinity of the parasitoid egg, but 5 h later also in the yolk and partially in the host embryo. fifteen hours after parasitization, the viral dna is seen all over the host embryo and hardly in the yolk. the tissue distribution of the viral dna was analysed and quantified by dot blots in the fifth instar parasitized larvae. on a per host basis, haemocytes and fat body contained the highest amount of viral d ... | 2003 | 12770628 |
| identification and classification of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus inhibitor of apoptosis gene. | baculoviruses possess two types of genes that suppressed apoptosis, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). in this study we report the isolation and identification of an inhibitor of apoptosis gene sliap in the genome of the spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (sinpv). the sliap sequence predicted a 15 kda polypeptide with only one bir domain and a ring finger, both motifs characteristic of the iap family of proteins, and a third specific acidic-rich motif. these characteristics, shared wi ... | 2003 | 12803466 |
| identification of pif-2, a third conserved baculovirus gene required for per os infection of insects. | infection of cultured insect cells with spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) resulted in the generation of mutants with major genomic deletions. some of the mutants lacked the ability to infect s. exigua larvae per os. the gene(s) responsible for this phenotype in semnpv was mapped within a contiguous sequence encoding orfs 29-35. in this paper we have shown that semnpv orfs 15-35 (including genes encoding cathepsin, chitinase, gp37, ptpt-2, egt, pkip-1 and arif-1) are not ... | 2003 | 12867634 |
| effects of a fat body extract on larval midgut cells and growth of lepidoptera. | treatment with fat body extract (fbx) from pupae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta, caused mortality in larvae of two pest lepidopterans, the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, and the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis. in fbx-treated larvae, the feeding rate was depressed, causing reduced weight gain and then larval death. their midgut showed formation of multicellular layers of midgut epidermis, indicating stem-cell hyperplasia. hence, the integument of fbx-treated larvae had a double cut ... | 2003 | 12892521 |
| synthesis of fluorinated analogs of myristic acid as potential inhibitors of egyptian armyworm (spodoptera littoralis) delta11 desaturase. | to study the activity of the different desaturases present in the pheromone biosynthetic pathway of the egyptian armyworm, spodoptera littoralis, we prepared a series of mono- and gem-difluorinated analogs of myristic acid with halogen substitution at the c8-c11 positions of the aliphatic chain via specifically positioned dithiane precursors. thus, transformation of dithianes by treatment with n-bromosuccinimide in the presence of h2o followed by reduction with lialh4 afforded the appropriate al ... | 2003 | 14577666 |
| comparative study on the susceptibility of cutworms (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus and agrotis ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the common cutworm (agrotis segetum) and the black cutworm (agrotis ipsilon) are serious soil pests of many vegetable and field crops all over the world. we have demonstrated the cross-infectivity of two baculoviruses, a. segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus (agsenpv) and a. ipsilon nucleopolyhedrovirus (agipnpv) for these two insect pests. the susceptibility of a. segetum to agipnpv was confirmed by dna restriction endonuclease analyses of dna isolated from virus harvested from infected a. segetum larv ... | 2003 | 14615215 |
| novaluron (rimon), a novel igr: potency and cross-resistance. | the potency of novaluron on laboratory susceptible and field strains of s. littoralis resembles that of chlorfluazuron and both compounds are about 20-fold more potent than teflubenzuron. no appreciable resistance to novaluron or chlorfluazuron was observed in a field strain of spodoptera littoralis collected from cucumber field in the central part of israel. on the other hand, the field strain showed a mild resistance of about 4-fold to teflubenzuron as compared to the laboratory susceptible st ... | 2003 | 14635177 |
| occurrence and linkage between secreted insecticidal toxins in natural isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | little is known about the occurrence and linkage between secreted insecticidal virulence factors in natural populations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we carried out a survey of 392 bt strains isolated from various samples originating from 31 countries. the toxicity profile of the culture supernatants of these strains was determined individually against anthonomus grandis (coleoptera) and spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera). we analyzed beta-exotoxin i production and searched for the genes enco ... | 2003 | 14756535 |
| transcription and promoter analysis of pif, an essential but low-expressed baculovirus gene. | the pif gene (per os infectivity factor) of spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (splinpv) encodes a structural protein essential for oral infection. this protein is expressed in very low quantities. in this study, transcription and promoter analysis of splinpv pif were carried out to understand more fully the regulation of pif gene expression. transcription in the pif gene region was examined using rt-pcr, northern blot, primer extension, ribonuclease protection and 3' race. the pif gene ... | 2004 | 14769890 |
| the role of bacillus thuringiensis cry1c and cry1e separate structural domains in the interaction with spodoptera littoralis gut epithelial cells. | the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins cry1c and cry1e share toxicity against several important lepidopteran species. their combined use to delay development of resistance in target insects depends on their differential interaction with the gut epithelial cells. the three structural domains and combinations of two consecutive domains of cry1c and cry1e were separately expressed in escherichia coli, and their interactions with the brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) of cry1e-tolerant and - ... | 2004 | 14963036 |
| costs of resistance: genetic correlations and potential trade-offs in an insect immune system. | theory predicts that natural selection will erode additive genetic variation in fitness-related traits. however, numerous studies have found considerable heritable variation in traits related to immune function, which should be closely linked to fitness. this could be due to trade-offs maintaining variation in these traits. we used the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, as a model system to examine the quantitative genetics of insect immune function. we estimated the heritabilities ... | 2004 | 15009275 |
| effects of feeding spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves. i. membrane potentials, intracellular calcium variations, oral secretions, and regurgitate components. | membrane potentials (v(m)) and intracellular calcium variations were studied in lima bean (phaseolus lunatus) leaves when the mediterranean climbing cutworm (spodoptera littoralis) was attacking the plants. in addition to the effect of the feeding insect the impact of several n-acyl glns (volicitin, n-palmitoyl-gln, n-linolenoyl-gln) from the larval oral secretion was studied. the results showed that the early events upon herbivore attack were: a) a strong v(m) depolarization at the bite zone an ... | 2004 | 15051862 |
| characterization of a sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase from the cotton leafworm (spodoptera littoralis): a lepidopteran mechanism closer to that in mammals than that in dipterans. | numerous invertebrate species belonging to several phyla cannot synthesize sterols de novo and rely on a dietary source of the compound. scpx (sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coa thiolase) is a protein involved in the trafficking of sterols and oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. we have isolated scpx protein from spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) and have subjected it to limited amino acid sequencing. a reverse-transcriptase pcr-based approach has been used to clone the cdna (1.9 ... | 2004 | 15149283 |
| comparison of anti-feedant and insecticidal activity of nimbin and salannin photo-oxidation products with neem (azadirachta indica) limonoids. | photo-oxidation of the neem limonoids nimbin and salannin with uv light in the presence of oxygen gives two isomeric lactone products per limonoid, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, and salanninolide and isosalanninolide, respectively. when compared in insect tests with the important limonoids of neem seeds, azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, isonimbinolide and isosalanninolide show activity greater than that of nimbin or salannin and in some respects show activity approaching that of azadirachtin ... | 2004 | 15154512 |
| elevated atmospheric co(2) affects the chemical quality of brassica plants and the growth rate of the specialist, plutella xylostella, but not the generalist, spodoptera littoralis. | cabbage, brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (cv. lennox and rinda), and oilseed rape, brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (cv. valo and tuli), plants were grown under ambient co(2) (360 ppm) or elevated co(2) (720 ppm) at 23/18 degrees c and under a photoperiod of 22/2 h light (250 micromol m(-)(2) s(-)(1))/dark regime for up to 5 weeks. afterward, the performance of the crucifer specialist plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the generalist spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ... | 2004 | 15212467 |
| virus entry or the primary infection cycle are not the principal determinants of host specificity of spodoptera spp. nucleopolyhedroviruses. | the multicapsid nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) of spodoptera exigua (semnpv), spodoptera frugiperda (sfmnpv), and spodoptera littoralis (splinpv) are genetically similar (78 % similarity) but differ in their degree of host specificity. infection by each of the three npvs in these three spodoptera host species was determined by oral inoculation of larvae with occlusion bodies (obs) or intrahaemocoelic injection with occlusion derived virions (odvs). rt-pcr analysis of total rna from inoculated ins ... | 2004 | 15448346 |
| the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril reduces oviposition and ecdysteroid levels in lepidoptera. | the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace, peptidyl dipeptidase a) in metamorphic- and reproductive-related events in the egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera, noctuidae) was studied by using the selective ace inhibitor captopril. although oral administration of captopril had no effect on larval growth, topical administration to new pupae resulted in a large decrease of successful adult formation. oviposition and overall appearance of adults emerging from treated lar ... | 2004 | 15484260 |
| a conserved transcript pattern in response to a specialist and a generalist herbivore. | transcript patterns elicited in response to attack reveal, at the molecular level, how plants respond to aggressors. these patterns are fashioned both by inflicted physical damage as well as by biological components displayed or released by the attacker. different types of attacking organisms might therefore be expected to elicit different transcription programs in the host. using a large-scale dna microarray, we characterized gene expression in damaged as well as in distal arabidopsis thaliana ... | 2004 | 15494554 |
| structural diversity and defensive properties of norditerpenoid alkaloids. | we have tested the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of 43 norditerpenoid alkaloids on spodoptera littoralis and leptinotarsa decemlineata including eserine (physostigmine), anabasine, and atropine. antifeedant effects of the test compounds were structure- and species-dependent. the most active antifeedants to l. decemlineata were 1,14-diacetylcardiopetaline (9) and 18-hydroxy- 14-o-methylgadesine (33), followed by 8-o-methylconsolarine (12), 14-o-acetyldelectinine (27), karakoline (7), card ... | 2004 | 15503527 |
| stages of infection during the tripartite interaction between xenorhabdus nematophila, its nematode vector, and insect hosts. | bacteria of the genus xenorhabdus are mutually associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema and are pathogenic to a broad spectrum of insects. the nematodes act as vectors, transmitting the bacteria to insect larvae, which die within a few days of infection. we characterized the early stages of bacterial infection in the insects by constructing a constitutive green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled xenorhabdus nematophila strain. we injected the gfp-labeled bacteria into i ... | 2004 | 15528508 |
| expression and evolution of delta9 and delta11 desaturase genes in the moth spodoptera littoralis. | desaturation of fatty acids is a key reaction in the biosynthesis of moth sex pheromones. the main component of spodoptera littoralis sex pheromone blend is produced by the action of delta11 and delta9 desaturases. in this article, we report on the cloning of four desaturase-like genes in this species: one from the fat body (sls-fl1) and three (sls-fl2, sls-fl3 and sls-fl4) from the pheromone gland. by means of a computational/phylogenetic method, as well as functional assays, the desaturase gen ... | 2004 | 15544945 |
| stage-dependent expression of chelonus inanitus polydnavirus genes in the host and the parasitoid. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae). along with the egg it also injects polydnaviruses (civ) and venom, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. civ protects the parasitoid from encapsulation by the host's immune system and induces a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. the polydnavirus genome consists of several double-stranded circular dna segments. proviral dna is integrated in the wasp's genome a ... | 2004 | 15607504 |
| neuropeptides associated with the frontal ganglion of larval lepidoptera. | the occurrence of neuropeptides in the frontal ganglia of larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth, manduca sexta, the tomato moth, lacanobia oleracea and the cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis was investigated using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), matrix-assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). only three types of peptides could be identified or assigned from frontal ganglion extracts; m. ... | 2005 | 15626500 |
| antifungal and insect antifeedant 2-phenylethanol esters from the liverwort balantiopsis cancellata from chile. | a chemical study of a dichloromethane extract of balantiopsis cancellata led to the isolation of four known 2-phenylethanol esters (1-4) and a phenylethanediol benzoate (5). antifeedant activity toward spodoptera littoralis (disk-choice bioassay) and growth inhibition of the phytopathogen cladosporium herbarum in tlc-bioautography assays were determined. the results show that the antifeedant and antifungal activity of the extract is attributable mainly to the trans-beta-methylthioacrylate 4. | 2005 | 15656657 |
| combined effects of elevated co2 and herbivore damage on alfalfa and cotton. | we examined herbivore-induced responses of alfalfa (medicago sativa) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum) under different co2 conditions. plants were grown under ambient (350 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) co2 levels, and were either damaged or undamaged by spodoptera littoralis larvae. at harvest, growth of undamaged (control) plants was determined, and foliar chemical composition of both undamaged and damaged plants was analyzed. cotton grew faster overall and showed a greater increase in growth in res ... | 2004 | 15672673 |
| site-specific antiphagocytic function of the photorhabdus luminescens type iii secretion system during insect colonization. | photorhabdus is an entomopathogenic bacterium belonging to the enterobacteriaceae. the genome of the tt01 strain of photorhabdus luminescens was recently sequenced and a large number of toxin-encoding genes were found. genomic analysis predicted the presence on the chromosome of genes encoding a type three secretion system (ttss), the main role of which is the delivery of effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells. we report here the functional characterization of the ttss. the locus ... | 2005 | 15679839 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the pif gene of spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv). | defective viruses, not transmissible alone, increase the transmissibility of complete genotypes in natural populations of spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv). the defective phenotype is associated with a 15 kb deletion, which includes the pif (per os infectivity factor) gene. the sequence of a 2.4 kb fragment that includes pif was determined. multiple transcripts encompassing pif were detected by northern blot analysis. rt-pcr and nuclease protection analysis demonstr ... | 2005 | 15681073 |
| modes of phagocytosis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by spodoptera littoralis granular haemocytes. | haemocytes are the main immunocompetent cells in insect cellular immune reactions. here, we show that in spodoptera littoralis, granular haemocytes are the primary phagocyte haemocytes, both in vivo and in vitro. the "trigger" and "zipper" modes of engulfment known in mammal macrophages are active, in vivo, in s. littoralis granular haemocytes, together with macropinocytosis. lipopolysaccharide as well as lipoteichoic acid inhibit the binding of both gram-positive (corynebacterium xerosis) and g ... | 2005 | 15686644 |
| circadian mating activity and effect of pheromone pre-exposure on pheromone response rhythms in the moth spodoptera littoralis. | mating in moths is generally mediated by female-produced sex pheromones. mating activity, female pheromone production/release and male pheromone responsiveness all show diurnal variations in many species. we found that the response of the male egyptian cotton leafworm, spodoptera littoralis, to sex pheromone gland extracts showed a diel rhythm in olfactometer tests, and the variation was persistent for at least 1 day in constant darkness. high male response to sex pheromone was correlated in tim ... | 2005 | 15749110 |
| stage-dependent strategies of host invasion in the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid which lays its eggs into eggs of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae); the parasitoid larva then develops in the haemocoel of the host larva. host embryonic development lasts approx. 3.5 days while parasitoid embryonic development lasts approx. 16 h. all stages of host eggs can be successfully parasitized, and we show here that either the parasitoid larva or the wasp assures that the larva eventually is located in the host's haemoco ... | 2005 | 15749111 |
| influence of the nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist, tebufenozide, on certain biological and physiological parameters of the cotton leaf-worm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (noctuidae: lepidoptera) in egypt. | in egypt, cotton represents the most economical and important field crop. cotton plant is the target of different pest species from cultivation until harvest. the egyptian cotton leaf-worm, spodoptera littoralis (boisd.) (noctuidae: lepidoptera), is an important polyphagous insect pest attacking cotton, several cultivated crops and ornamentals worldwide. the integrated pest management (ipm) programs create the need for novel insecticides having more selective modes of action. so, the no steroida ... | 2004 | 15759403 |
| regulation of ecdysteroid signalling during drosophila development: identification, characterization and modelling of ecdysone oxidase, an enzyme involved in control of ligand concentration. | the steroidal moulting hormones (ecdysteroids) mediate developmental transitions in insects, and their regulation is mainly controlled by the production and inactivation of these steroid hormones at the appropriate developmental times. one route of metabolism of ecdysteroids in insects involves eo (ecdysone oxidase)-catalysed conversion into 3-dehydroecdysteroid, which undergoes reduction to the corresponding 3-epiecdysteroid. by a twin-stranded bioinformatics approach, employing both phylogenom ... | 0 | 15813704 |
| changes in the haemolymph proteome of spodoptera littoralis induced by the parasitoid chelonus inanitus or its polydnavirus and physiological implications. | the egg-larval parasitoid chelonus inanitus induces in its host spodoptera littoralis two major developmental effects, namely a precocious onset of metamorphosis followed by a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. along with each egg, the wasp injects polydnavirus and venom into the host egg. the polydnavirus has been shown to play a major role in inducing the developmental arrest while the parasitoid larva is instrumental in inducing the precocious onset of metamorphosis. here we report t ... | 2005 | 15936028 |
| ace inhibitory activity in enzymatic hydrolysates of insect protein. | in this paper, ace inhibitory activity in insect protein hydrolyzed by various enzymes (gastrointestinal proteases, alcalase, and thermolysin) is reported for the first time. four insects of different insect orders were tested: spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera), bombyx mori (lepidoptera), schistocerca gregaria (orthoptera), and bombus terrestris (hymenoptera). ace inhibitory activity was measured by two different methods: a spectrophotometric method using fapgg (2-furanacryloyl-phenylalanyl-gl ... | 2005 | 15969498 |
| insecticidal and fungicidal activity of new synthesized chitosan derivatives. | chitosan, the n-deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a potential biopolysaccharide owing to its specific structure and properties. in this paper, we report on the synthesis of 24 new chitosan derivatives, n-alkyl chitosans (nac) and n-benzyl chitosans (nbc), that are soluble in dilute aqueous acetic acid. the different derivatives were synthesized by reductive amination and analyzed by 1h nmr spectroscopy. a high degree of substitution (ds) was obtained with n-(butyl)chitosan (ds 0.36) at a 1:1 ... | 2005 | 15999339 |
| the immediate-early protein ie0 of the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus is not essential for viral replication. | the role of the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) immediate-early protein ie0 in the baculoviral infection is not clear. in this study, we constructed the recombinant virus vacdeltaie0 null for ie0 expression by targeted mutagenesis replacing exon0 with the cat gene. we found that vacdeltaie0 replicated efficiently in spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells, which are poorly permissive for acmnpv. in contrast, in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells, which are fully permissive for ... | 2005 | 16014970 |
| effects of bt maize-fed prey on the generalist predator poecilus cupreus l. (coleoptera: carabidae). | we investigated the effects of transgenic maize (zea mays) expressing bacillus thuringienses toxin (bt maize) on larval and adult poecilus cupreus carabid beetles in laboratory studies. in no-choice trials, neonate p. cupreus larvae were fed exclusively with spodoptera littoralis caterpillars, which had been raised on bt maize. s. littoralis raised on conventional maize or "high quality" calliphora sp. pupae were fed to the beetle larvae in two control treatments. bt-maize-fed caterpillar prey i ... | 2005 | 16022384 |
| effects of bt maize on the herbivore spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and the parasitoid cotesia marginiventris (hymenoptera: braconidae). | recent studies have shown that transgenic insect resistant plants can have negative effects on non-target herbivores as well as on beneficial insects. the study of tritrophic interactions gives insight into the complex mechanisms of food webs in the field and can easily be incorporated into a tiered risk assessment framework. we investigated the effects of transgenic maize (zea mays) expressing insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize) on spodoptera littoralis, a non-t ... | 2005 | 16022385 |
| identification of the apoptosis inhibitor gene p49 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | baculoviruses possess two types of genes that suppressed apoptosis, p35 and inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). computer-assisted analysis indicated that spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) orf55 (designated as the p49 gene) display 79 and 31% amino acid identity with spodoptera littoralis (spli)mnpv p49 and autographa californica (ac)mnpv p35, respectively, splt mnpv putative p49 contains a peptide cleavage site tvtdg recognized by death caspases. in marker rescue assay, spl ... | 2005 | 16025239 |
| is palatability of a root-hemiparasitic plant influenced by its host species? | palatability of parasitic plants may be influenced by their host species, because the parasites take up nutrients and secondary compounds from the hosts. if parasitic plants acquired the full spectrum of secondary compounds from their host, one would expect a correlation between host and parasite palatability. we examined the palatability of leaves of the root-hemiparasite melampyrum arvense grown with different host plants and the palatability of these host plants for two generalist herbivores, ... | 2005 | 16028093 |
| antennal electrophysiological responses of three parasitic wasps to caterpillar-induced volatiles from maize (zea mays mays), cotton (gossypium herbaceum), and cowpea (vigna unguiculata). | many parasitic wasps are attracted to volatiles that are released by plants when attacked by potential hosts. the attractiveness of these semiochemicals from damaged plants has been demonstrated in many tritrophic systems, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the insect responses are poorly understood. we recorded the antennal perception by three parasitoids (cotesia marginiventris, microplitis rufiventris, and campoletis sonorensis) to volatiles emitted by maize, cowpea, and cotton plant ... | 2005 | 16124230 |
| spodoptera littoralis caspase-1, a lepidopteran effector caspase inducible by apoptotic signaling. | the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) can successfully infect spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells, but in contrast, in spodoptera littoralis sl2 cells it induces apoptosis aborting the infection. to understand better the mechanism of induction and execution of apoptosis in sl2 cells, we identified and characterized the first spodoptera littoralis caspase, sl-caspase-1. sl-caspase-1 is an effector caspase that cleaves devd but not ietd and lehd substrates, and ... | 2005 | 16133869 |
| organization of kenyon cells in subdivisions of the mushroom bodies of a lepidopteran insect. | the mushroom bodies are paired structures in the insect brain involved in complex functions such as memory formation, sensory integration, and context recognition. in many insects these centers are elaborate, sometimes comprising several hundred thousand neurons. the present account describes the mushroom bodies of spodoptera littoralis, a moth extensively used for studies of olfactory processing and conditioning. the mushroom bodies of spodoptera consist of only about 4,000 large-diameter kenyo ... | 2005 | 16134139 |
| beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces larval growth and curbs reproduction in spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | application of bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (bt) and expression of the bt protein cry3aa in genetically modified crops are used for targeted control of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the cry3a proteins are selectively toxic for the beetles but the present study describes effects of cry3aa on the egyptian armyworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). cry3aa expressed in potatoes or added to an agar-base wheat-germ diet reduced the growth of s. littoralis caterpil ... | 2005 | 16152673 |
| influence of the parasitoid chelonus inanitus and its polydnavirus on host nutritional physiology and implications for parasitoid development. | chelonus inanitus is a solitary egg-larval endoparasitoid, which feeds on host haemolymph during its internal phase. parasitization induces in the host spodoptera littoralis a precocious onset of metamorphosis and a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. at this stage the parasitoid larva emerges from the host and consumes it. we show here that parasitization and the co-injected polydnaviruses affect the nutritional physiology of the host mainly in the last larval instar. polydnaviruses cau ... | 2005 | 16203013 |
| insecticidal effects of buthus occitanus tunetanus botit6 toxin expressed in escherichia coli and baculovirus/insect cells. | botit6 is a neurotoxin polypeptide derived from the venom of the scorpion buthus occitanus tunetanus (bot). its mature form is composed of 62 amino acids. botit6 has been reported to be the most potent toxin from bot venom that has a strict selectivity for insects. such toxin may have potential as a potent animal-harmless tool against insects. using rt-pcr, we isolated and sequenced a cdna encoding 62 amino acid residues corresponding to the known amino acid sequence of botit6. we have expressed ... | 2005 | 16216259 |
| comparative biological activities of a plaque-purified variant and a turkish native isolate of splinpv-b against spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the noctuid moth spodoptera littoralis (boisduval) is an important pest of many cultivated plants worldwide and five different geographical nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) strains of this pest have been isolated to date. two of these, a plaque-purified variant of the s. littoralis npv from morocco (splinpv-m2) and a splinpv isolated from field-infected s. littoralis larvae found in turkey (splinpv-tr1), were compared biologically in terms of infectiveness (median lethal dose, ld50) for third instars ... | 2006 | 16235266 |
| insecticidal activity of some essential oils against larvae of spodoptera littoralis. | thirty-four essential oils were tested for insecticidal activity (fumigation or topical application) against larvae spodoptera littoralis. twenty essential oils applied by fumigation were highly toxic to the third instar of s. littoralis larvae. two essential oils nepeta cataria and thuja occidentalis were highly toxic, with lc50< or =10.0 ml/m3. five essential oils salvia sclarea, thymus mastichina, origanum majorana, pogostemon cablin and mentha pulegium were toxic with lc50 between 10.1 and 2 ... | 2005 | 16236461 |
| antioxidant enzymes in spodoptera littoralis (boisduval): are they enhanced to protect gut tissues during oxidative stress? | the egyptian armyworm spodoptera littoralis is a polyphagous insect attacking a number of plant species including those belonging to the solanaceae and cruciferaceae families. its digestive physiology must therefore adapt to the food plant to ensure maximum extraction of nutrients with minimum trade-off in terms of growth retardation by pro-oxidant allelochemicals. to investigate this, the caterpillars of s. littoralis were fed on a semi-artificial diet (manduca premix-heliothis premix) and for ... | 2006 | 16242709 |
| establishment and characterization of spodoptera littoralis cell line (sl 96), adapted at 19 degrees c permissive for different baculoviruses. | cells from ovarioule tissues of the egyptian cotton leaf worm, spodoptera littoralis (sl 96) were established, identified and characterized comparing with other lepidopteran cell lines using isozymes, karyotyping, rapd pcr, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polypeptide page profile. comparison of the number of chromosomes and page profiles; also the isozymes profiles demonstrate the possibility to distinguish the cell lines by those analyses and having a distinguishable finger print for eve ... | 2005 | 16333885 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin. | the insecticidal activity of the delta-endotoxins of 14 bacillus thuringiensis strains belonging to 12 subspecies was determined against pieris brassicae, heliothis virescens, and spodoptera littoralis. larvae of p. brassicae were highly susceptible to purified crystals of strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis and b. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni, whereas h. virescens responded best to b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the crystals of the b. thuring ... | 1987 | 16347299 |
| measurement of surface charge of baculovirus polyhedra. | the isoelectric points of three baculoviruses, trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv), t. ni granulosis virus, and spodoptera littoralis npv were identified by cell electrophoresis. at neutral ph polyhedra were negatively charged. t. ni npv polyhedra were reacted with a number of reagents which could potentially attach to or degrade their surface structure. this gave information on the components that contribute to the charge profile of t. ni npv. this is discussed in relation to the u ... | 1987 | 16347308 |
| monoclonal antibody analysis and insecticidal spectrum of three types of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. | we have investigated the protein composition and the insecticidal spectrum of crystals of 29 bacillus thuringiensis strains active against lepidopteran larvae. all crystals contained proteins of 130 to 140 kilodaltons (kda) which could be grouped into three types by the molecular weight of the protoxin and the trypsin-activated core fragment. proteins of the three types showed a characteristic insecticidal spectrum when tested against five lepidopteran species. type a crystal proteins were proto ... | 1988 | 16347711 |
| identification of a delta-endotoxin gene product specifically active against spodoptera littoralis bdv. among proteolysed fractions of the insecticidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29. | at least three different insecticidal crystal protein genes were shown to be expressed in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29, a strain that is potentially active against the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis bdv. among crude k-60 fractions (60- to 70-kilodalton [kda] molecules) that were products of proteolysed crystals containing the active domains of the protoxin molecules, we were able to distinguish several distinct components on the basis of their antigenic relationship and thei ... | 1988 | 16347771 |