Publications

is tubulin the sole antigen recognized by a putative anti-bursicon antibody?	a 56-kda polypeptide suspected to be the tanning hormone 'bursicon' was analyzed using the monoclonal antibody (mab) 01c10 of song and ma. we studied the beetle tenebrio molitor, for which data on bursicon have been recently published. after purification by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of brain proteins, the immunoreactive 56-kda polypeptide was trypsinated and microsequenced. the obtained sequences revealed a high homology with alpha- and beta-tubulins. in a complementary study, immunore ...	1999	10327592
molecular cloning and functional properties of two early-stage encapsulation-relating proteins from the coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor larvae.	encapsulation is a major defensive reaction against foreign materials that are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes; however, the biochemical process of encapsulation is still obscure. to isolate and characterize the early-stage encapsulation-relating protein (erp), we used the coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor larvae, injecting three differing kinds of bead or inserting pieces of surgical suture into the abdomen of t. molitor larvae. the resulting proteins from the injected b ...	1999	10411635
studies on two ecdysone receptor isoforms of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana.	a full-length cdna clone corresponding to the choristoneura fumiferana ecdysone receptor-a isoform (cfecr-a) was isolated. the deduced amino acid sequence of cfecr-a differed from cfecr-b in the nh2-terminal region of the a/b domain. the cfecr-a-specific region showed high amino acid identity with ecr-a isoforms of manduca sexta, bombyx mori, drosophila melanogaster and tenebrio molitor. isoform-specific probes were used to study the expression of ecr-a and ecr-b mrnas. both probes detected 6 kb ...	1999	10432225
antifungal activities of recombinant antifungal protein by conjugation with polyethylene glycol.	tenecin 3, an antifungal protein isolated from coleopteran insect tenebrio molitor larvae, inhibited growth of the fungus candida albicans. we have previously reported that tenecin 3 has a propensity of random structure with very loose turn-like elements by circular dichroism (cd) analysis and 2d nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy [lee et al. (1999)]. however, the antifungal mechanism of tenecin-3 has not yet been studied due to its very low availability from natural sources. as an initial s ...	1999	10515605
ttagg telomeric repeats in chromosomes of some insects and other arthropods.	we studied the occurrence of the ttagg telomere repeats by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (fish) and southern hybridization in ten insect species and two other arthropods. (ttagg)n-containing telomeres were found in three lepidoptera species, the silkworm bombyx mori (in which the telomeric sequence was recently discovered), the flour moth ephestia kuehniella, and the wax moth galleria mellonella, in one species of hymenoptera, the honey bee apis mellifera, in one species of coleoptera, the ...	1999	10560968
extreme resistance to desiccation in overwintering larvae of the gall fly eurosta solidaginis (diptera, tephritidae).	during winter, larvae of the goldenrod gall fly eurosta solidaginis are exposed for extended periods to severe low ambient temperatures and low humidities within plant galls. the resistance of these larvae to desiccation at various temperatures and humidities, the transition (critical) temperature, and the effects of treatment with organic solvents on the larval rates of water loss and on changes in osmolality during desiccation were examined. the water loss rates of the flesh fly sarcophaga cra ...	2000	10648220
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of insect antifreeze protein from the beetle tenebrio molitor.	hyperactive antifreeze protein from the beetle tenebrio molitor (tmafp) was produced in escherichia coli and purified by gel-permeation chromatography and hplc. an iodinated derivative was prepared by incubating the 8.5 kda tmafp with n-iodosuccinimide. native and iodinated tmafp produced two different crystal forms when crystallized using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion technique. native crystals were rectangular plates that diffracted to approximately 2.5 a resolution. they were monoclinic an ...	2000	10713525
parasites reduce attractiveness and reproductive success in male grain beetles.	sexual characters may reveal the quality of a potential mate, including the mate's level of infection with parasites. females that prefer males with low levels of infection or no infection may benefit in several ways. direct benefits may include avoidance of infection, acquistition of larger nuptial gifts or enhancement in fecundity due to differences in male fertility. females may also benefit indirectly by producing offspring that are more resistant to infections. we measured female preference ...	2000	10715176
predation of beetles (tenebrio molitor) infected with tapeworms (hymenolepis diminuta): a note of caution for the manipulation hypothesis.	previous laboratory studies have indicated that tenebrionid beetles infected with hymenolepis diminuta display behavioural alterations. these are assumed to increase the likelihood of this intermediate host being predated by the rattus sp. definitive host, and hence provide support for the manipulation hypothesis. we tested this hypothesis by both assessing beetle behaviour and predation rates in semi-naturalistic environments. behavioural assays showed that infected beetles were more often expo ...	2000	10759089
bacterial-injection-induced syntheses of n-beta-alanyldopamine and dopa decarboxylase in the hemolymph of coleopteran insect, tenebrio molitor larvae.	injection of escherichia coli into larvae of the coleopteran tenebrio molitor resulted in the appearance of a dopamine-like substance on the electrochemical detector. to characterize this dopamine-like substance, we purified it to homogeneity from the immunized hemolymph and determined its molecular structure to be n-beta-alanyldopamine using the liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method. chemically synthesized n-beta-alanyldopamine showed the same retention time on hplc as the pur ...	2000	10785380
enhanced toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis cry3a delta-endotoxin in coleopterans by mutagenesis in a receptor binding loop.	we used site-directed mutagenesis to modify the bacillus thuringiensis cry3a gene in amino acid residues 350-354. two mutant toxins, a1 (r(345)a,y(350)f,y(351)f) and a2 (r(345)a,deltay(350), deltay(351)), showed significantly improved toxicity against tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). the mutant toxin a1 was also more potent against both leptinotarsa decemlineata (colorado potato beetle) and chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle), while a2 displayed enhanced toxicity only in l. decemlinea ...	2000	10812080
folding and structural characterization of highly disulfide-bonded beetle antifreeze protein produced in bacteria.	the hyperactive antifreeze protein from the beetle, tenebrio molitor, is an 8.5-kda, threonine-rich protein containing 16 cys residues, all of which are involved in disulfide bonds. when produced by escherichia coli, the protein accumulated in the supernatant in an inactive, unfolded state. its correct folding required days or weeks of oxidation at 22 or 4 degrees c, respectively, and its purification included the removal of imperfectly folded forms by reversed-phase hplc. nmr spectroscopy was u ...	2000	10833402
isolation of juvenile hormone esterase and its partial cdna clone from the beetle, tenebrio molitor.	juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) plays an essential role in insect development. it is partially responsible for the clearance of juvenile hormone (jh) which regulates various aspects of insect development and reproduction. because of its role in regulating jh titer, this enzyme has been targeted for development of biologically-based insecticides. jhe was partially purified from the beetle, tenebrio molitor, using a transition state analog as the affinity ligand. two forms of jhe were characterize ...	2000	10844245
studies on proteins in post-ecdysial nymphal cuticle of locust, locusta migratoria, and cockroach, blaberus craniifer.	proteins were extracted from the cuticle of mid-instar nymphs of locusts, locusta migratoria, and cockroaches, blaberus craniifer. seven proteins were purified from the locust extract and five from the cockroach extract, and their amino acid sequences were determined. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the proteins are present only in the post-ecdysially deposited layer of the nymphal cuticles. one of the locust and one of the cockroach nymphal proteins contain a 68-residue motif, ...	2000	10844249
the role of amino acid residues in the active site of a midgut microvillar aminopeptidase from the beetle tenebrio molitor.	aminopeptidases are major enzymes in the midgut microvillar membranes of most insects and are targets of insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxins. sequence analysis and substrate specificity studies showed that these enzymes resemble mammalian aminopeptidase n, although information on the organization of their active site is lacking. the effect of ph at different temperatures on the kinetic parameters of tenebrio molitor (coleoptera) larval aminopeptidase showed that enzyme c ...	2000	10862968
a masquerade-like serine proteinase homologue is necessary for phenoloxidase activity in the coleopteran insect, holotrichia diomphalia larvae.	previously, we reported the molecular cloning of cdna for the prophenoloxidase activating factor-i (ppaf-i) that encoded a member of the serine proteinase group with a disulfide-knotted motif at the n-terminus and a trypsin-like catalytic domain at the c-terminus [lee, s.y., cho, m.y., hyun, j.h., lee, k.m., homma, k.i., natori, s. , kawabata, s.i., iwanaga, s. & lee, b.l. (1998) eur. j. biochem. 257, 615-621]. ppaf-i is directly involved in the activation of pro-phenoloxidase (pro-po) by limite ...	2000	11012672
biolistic co-transformation of metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum strain cg423 with green fluorescent protein and resistance to glufosinate ammonium.	metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (syn. m. flavoviride) is recognized as a highly specific and virulent mycopathogen of locusts and grasshoppers and is currently being developed as a biological control agent for this group of insects in brazil. intact conidia of m. anisopliae var. acridum strain cg423 were transformed using microparticle bombardment. plasmids used were: (1) pbarks1 carrying the bar gene of streptomyces hygroscopicus fused to the aspergillus nidulans trpc promoter, encoding res ...	2000	11024271
apocrine secretion of amylase and exocytosis of trypsin along the midgut of tenebrio molitor larvae.	amylase and trypsin were purified from tenebrio molitor midgut larvae and used to raise antibodies in a rabbit. a western blot of t. molitor midgut homogenates, after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using amylase and trypsin antisera, showed only bands co-migrating with the purified enzymes. the antisera were used to localize the enzymes by immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling. amylase occurs in a few regularly disposed anterior midgut cells. non-amylase-secreting ...	2001	11064021
action of amorphous diatomaceous earth against different stages of the stored product pests tribolium confusum, tenebrio molitor, sitophilus granarius and plodia interpunctella.	environmental and human health problems associated with the use of synthetic pesticides have prompted the demand for non-polluting, biologically specific insecticides. the current study tested the use and action of diatomaceous earth against several stored product pests. fossil shield(r) applied to wooden plates was lethal to adult tenebrio molitor and tribolium confusum, but larvae of the mealworm were unaffected. beetles died within 14 days exposure in the absence of food to a dose of 2 and 4 ...	2001	11124378
alpha-galactosidases from the larval midgut of tenebrio molitor (coleoptera) and spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera).	there are three midgut alpha-galactosidases (tg1, tg2, tg3) from tenebrio molitor larvae that are partially resolved by ion-exchange chromatography. the enzymes have approximately the same ph optimum (5.0), pl value (4.6) and mr value (46000-49000) as determined by gel filtration or native electrophoresis run in polyacrylamide gels with different concentrations. substrate specificities and functions were proposed for the major t. molitor midgut alpha-galactosidases (tg2 and tg3) based on chromat ...	2001	11163310
cardioacceleratory action of tachykinin-related neuropeptides and proctolin in two coleopteran insect species.	several cardioactive peptides have been identified in insects and most of them are likely to act on the heart as neurohormones. here we have investigated the cardioactive properties of members of a family of insect tachykinin-related peptides (trps) in heterologous bioassays with two coleopteran insects, tenebrio molitor and zophobas atratus. their effects were compared with the action of the pentapeptide proctolin. we tested the cardiotropic activity of lemtrp-4 isolated from the midgut of the ...	2001	11179814
antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods.	terrestrial arthropods survive subzero temperatures by becoming either freeze tolerant (survive body fluid freezing) or freeze avoiding (prevent body fluid freezing). protein ice nucleators (pins), which limit supercooling and induce freezing, and antifreeze proteins (afps), which function to prevent freezing, can have roles in both freeze tolerance and avoidance. many freeze-tolerant insects produce hemolymph pins, which induce freezing at high subzero temperatures thereby inhibiting lethal int ...	2001	11181959
characterization and cloning of a tenebrio molitor hemolymph protein with sequence similarity to insect odorant-binding proteins.	the yellow mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor, produces a number of moderately abundant low molecular weight hemolymph proteins ( approximately 12 kda) which behave in a similar manner during purification and share antigenic epitopes. the cdna sequence of the major component (thp12) was determined and the deduced protein sequence was found to be similar to those of insect odorant-binding proteins. southern blot analysis suggests that at least some of the diversity in this family of proteins is en ...	2001	11267907
solution structure of the main alpha-amylase inhibitor from amaranth seeds.	the most abundant alpha-amylase inhibitor (aai) present in the seeds of amaranthus hypochondriacus, a variety of the mexican crop plant amaranth, is the smallest polypeptide (32 residues) known to inhibit alpha-amylase activity of insect larvae while leaving that of mammals unaffected. in solution, 1h nmr reveals that aai isolated from amaranth seeds adopts a major trans (70%) and minor cis (30%) conformation, resulting from slow cis-trans isomerization of the val15-pro16 peptide bond. both solu ...	2001	11298757
the peritrophic membrane of spodoptera frugiperda: secretion of peritrophins and role in immobilization and recycling digestive enzymes.	a peritrophin from the spodoptera frugiperda peritrophic membrane (pm) and microvillar proteins from s. frugiperda anterior midgut cells were isolated and used to raise antibodies in a rabbit. these antibodies, as well as a tenebrio molitor amylase antibody that cross-reacts with s. frugiperda amylases, and wheat-germ aglutinin were used in immunolocalization experiments performed with the aid of confocal fluorescence and immunogold techniques. the results showed that the peritrophin was secrete ...	2001	11376453
isolation and developmental expression of two nuclear receptors, mhr4 and betaftz-f1, in the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta.	the cdnas for two members of the nuclear receptor superfamily were isolated from the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. the deduced amino acid sequence of mhr4 shows 93-95% identity in the dna-binding domain and the first portion of the hinge (d) region with the germ cell nuclear factor (gcnf)-related factors (grfs) of the silkworm, bombyx mori, and the mealworm, tenebrio molitor, and with a genomic sequence from the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster. northern blot hybridization showed that a 7.5 ...	2001	11378418
the response of gregarina niphandrodes (apicomplexa: eugregarinida: septatina) to host starvation in tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) adults.	numerous studies of host starvation have emphasized pathological effects of parasites on their insect host, but little attention has been focused on the effects of host starvation on the parasites. this study addressed the possibility that parasite life-cycle events could be manipulated by withholding food from the host. the system used was gregarina niphandrodes (apicomplexa: eugregarinida) in tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) adults. gregarine gametocyst formation and shedding cease ...	2001	11426724
increasing the calcium content of mealworms (tenebrio molitor) to improve their nutritional value for bone mineralization of growing chicks.	the purpose of these studies was to determine the husbandry variables that optimize the ca content of mealworms (tenebrio molitor) and to determine the bioavailability of this ca for bone mineralization in chicks that consume the mealworms. to determine the optimal level of ca in the substrates used in short-term (< 14 days) holding of mealworms and to determine the length of time that mealworms should be exposed to high-ca substrates, mealworms were placed in either a wheat bran or a chicken st ...	2000	11428399
internalization of tenecin 3 by a fungal cellular process is essential for its fungicidal effect on candida albicans.	tenecin 3 is a glycine-rich, antifungal protein of 78 residues isolated from the insect tenebrio molitor larva. as an initial step towards understanding the antifungal mechanism of tenecin 3, we examined how this protein interacts with the pathogenic fungus candida albicans to exert its antifungal action. tenecin 3 did not induce the release of a fluorescent dye trapped in the artificial membrane vesicles and it did not perturb the membrane potential of c. albicans by the initial interaction. fl ...	2001	11502205
a parasite that increases host lifespan.	tenebrio molitor is an intermediate host for the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta. parasite oncospheres hatch in the beetle midgut and burrow through into the haemocoel, where they rapidly grow and mature into metacestodes. repair of damage incurred during invasion and the nutritional demands of the parasites are likely to impose costs on the host. despite these costs, there is an overall very highly significant difference in survival time (p < 0.001) between infected and control populations o ...	2001	11506690
antagonistic control of fluid secretion by the malpighian tubules of tenebrio molitor: effects of diuretic and antidiuretic peptides and their second messengers.	fluid secretion by insect malpighian tubules is controlled by haemolymph-borne factors. the mealworm tenebrio molitor provides the first known example of antagonistic interactions between endogenous neuropeptides acting on malpighian tubules. the two corticotropin-releasing-factor (crf)-related diuretic peptides previously isolated from tenebrio molitor, tenmo-dh(37) and tenmo-dh(47), were found to stimulate tenebrio molitor tubules in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with ec(50) values of 0.12 ...	2002	11893763
use of tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) to recycle organic wastes and as feed for broiler chickens.	several dried waste materials from different origins were used as a substrate to grow tenebrio molitor l. nutrient/amino acid values differed depending on both larval size/weight and substrate. these larvae were experimentally used as a broiler feedstuff. seven-day-old chicks of a commercially available strain with an average weight of 126 g were randomly distributed into nine six-broiler groups. three levels of tenebrio molitor larvae (0, 5, and 10% dry weight) were used in a 19% protein conten ...	2002	11942759
crystal structure of beta-helical antifreeze protein points to a general ice binding model.	reported here is the 2.3 a resolution crystal structure of spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) antifreeze protein (cfafp), solved by single anomalous scattering. the structure reveals an extremely regular left-handed beta-helical platform consisting of 15-amino acid loops with a repetitive thr-x-thr motif displayed on one of the helix's three faces. this motif results in a two-dimensional array of threonine residues in an identical orientation to those in the nonhomologous, right-handed be ...	2002	12015145
bombyx mori orphan receptor, bmhr78: cdna cloning, testis abundant expression and putative dimerization partner for bombyx ultraspiracle.	we have identified a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily from the silkworm bombyx mori, and named it as bmhr78, the b. mori hormone receptor. the dna binding domain of bmhr78 shows high similarities to those of tenebrio molitor hormone receptor 78, drosophila hormone receptor 78, and mammalian testicular receptor 2, whereas the ligand binding domain is not well conserved. northern blot analysis showed that bmhr78 gene was most abundantly expressed in the testis. from the fourth to f ...	2002	12039078
detection and characterisation of pr1 virulent gene deficiencies in the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae.	in an initial attempt to characterise single-spore isolates from metarhizium anisopliae wild-type strain v275, three genetically identical spontaneous pr1a- and pr1b-deficient mutants were detected. these mutants were identified by nested-pcr amplification and verified by southern hybridisation. sequencing and comparison of the highly conserved sequences of 28s rdna domains 9-11 confirmed that the mutant isolates were metarhizium anisopliae, but each had both morphological and genetic difference ...	2002	12167546
complex formation of myrosinase isoenzymes in oilseed rape seeds are dependent on the presence of myrosinase-binding proteins.	the enzyme myrosinase (ec 3.2.3.1) degrades the secondary compounds glucosinolates upon wounding and serves as a defense to generalist pests in capparales. certain myrosinases are present in complexes together with other proteins such as myrosinase-binding proteins (mbp) in extracts of oilseed rape (brassica napus) seeds. immunhistochemical analysis of wild-type seeds showed that mbps were present in most cells but not in the myrosin cells, indicating that the complex formation observed in extra ...	2002	12177471
[population growth rate of the depredating podisus nigrispinus (heteroptera: pentatomidae) and of the tuta absoluta (leptoptera: gelechiidae) in wintering place].	the fertility life table of podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) preying either on tuta absoluta (meyrick) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae) caterpillars or on alternative prey tenebrio molitor l. (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) under greenhouse conditions (30 +/- 5 degrees c, 61 +/- 23% rh) were studied. the life table was also determined for the pest t. absoluta under the same conditions. the net reproductive rate (ro) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) were higher 14.13 ...	2002	12298240
the insect abdomen--a heartbeat manager in insects?	different possibilities of coordination between circulation, respiration and abdominal movements were found in pupae of pieris brassicae, tenebrio molitor, galleria mellonella and leptinotarsa decemlineata. coordination principles depend on metabolic rate: the need to support circulation with abdominal movements appears only at higher metabolic rates. integration between different abdominal movements and circulation depends on species, on physiological state and, supposedly, on internal morpholo ...	2002	12443919
purification and characterization of three beta-glycosidases from midgut of the sugar cane borer, diatraea saccharalis.	three beta-glycosidases, named betagly1, betagly2 and betagly3, were isolated from midgut tissues of the sugar cane borer, diatraea saccharalis fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae). the three enzymes have similar mr (58,000; 61,000; 61,000), pi (7.5, 7.4, and 7.4) and optimum ph (6.7, 6.3, and 7.2) and were resolved by hydrophobic chromatography. the beta-glycosidases prefer beta-glucosides to beta-galactosides, have four subsites for glucose binding and hydrolyse glucose-glucose beta-1,3 linkages ...	2003	12459203
prevalence of occupational allergy due to live fish bait.	larvae of insects and worms, used as live fish bait (lfb), are a common source of allergy in anglers and occupationally exposed workers, but the prevalence and predictors have not yet been investigated.	2003	12680868
the interplay between patency, microsomal na(+)/k(+) atpase activity and juvenile hormone, in tenebrio molitor parasitized by hymenolepsis diminuta.	beetles infected with metacestodes of the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, exhibit reduced fecundity, due to alterations in vitellogenesis. follicle cell patency is retarded and inefficient vitellogenin uptake ensues. here, we have reassessed patency and its stimulation by jh iii at day 3 post-infection, when the most detrimental changes are observed in other ovarian processes. in rhodnius prolixus, patency is believed to be brought about by the action of a jh-dependent membrane-bound na(+)/k ...	1997	12769895
for uptake of yolk precursors, epithelial cell-oocyte gap junctional communication is required by insects representing six different orders.	for uptake of vitellogenin protein into nascent yolk spheres, communication through open gap junction channels between the follicle epithelium and oocyte is required by six different insects representing six different orders. it was recently shown in the hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus, that endocytic uptake of yolk protein resulting in the formation of nascent yolk spheres depended upon an intact epithelium communicating with the oocyte through patent gap junctions. following treatment with oc ...	2002	12770077
secretion of beta-glycosidase by middle midgut cells and its recycling in the midgut of tenebrio molitor larvae.	there are four beta-glycosidases (betagly1, betagly2, betagly3, and betagly4) in tenebrio molitor midgut larvae. betagly1 and betagly2 have identical kinetic properties, and differ in a few amino acid residues. purified betagly1 was used to raise antibodies in a rabbit. the resulting antiserum recognizes in a western blot only betagly1 and betagly2 in midgut tissue homogenates and contents. an immunocytochemical study carried out using confocal fluorescence and immunogold techniques showed that ...	2002	12770138
insect larvae contain substances toxic to adults: the discovery of paralysins.	acidic methanolic extracts of larvae of nine different insect species were found to contain substances that cause a lethal effect in the adult stage of the same species and of other species. these endogenous toxic substances, apparently being widely spread over the class of insects, were designated as paralysins, because of their immediate and observable paralytic effect upon injection. the developmental concentration curves of five different species of insects (galleria mellonella (lepidoptera) ...	1998	12770158
spermatophore production and spermatheca content in tenebrio molitor infected with hymenolepis diminuta.	male and female tenebrio molitor act as intermediate hosts for metacestodes of the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta. it is known that the bean-shaped accessory glands of infected males exhibit an extended growth period and are significantly larger than those from noninfected males by day 10 after emergence. we wished to determine whether more material is transferred from these glands into the spermatophores. here we report that the protein content and trehalase activity of spermatophores produ ...	1999	12770341
juvenile hormone titre and egg production in tenebrio molitor infected by hymenolepis diminuta: effect of male and/or female infection, male age and mating.	infection of tenebrio molitor with hymenolepis diminuta induces curtailment of female fertility. we examined ovulation and oviposition, and associated titres of juvenile hormone (jh), in relation to parasitism and mating. oviposition was significantly increased in infected mated and virgin beetles by days 6 and 9 post-emergence. ovulation was not changed by infection; by the end of the 18-day experiment, the total number of laid eggs was not significantly altered. on day 6, jh levels were signif ...	2003	12804718
a candidate olfactory receptor subtype highly conserved across different insect orders.	candidate olfactory receptors of the moth heliothis virescens were found to be extremely diverse from receptors of the fruitfly drosophila melanogaster and the mosquito anopheles gambiae, but there is one exception. the moth receptor type hr2 shares a rather high degree of sequence identity with one olfactory receptor type both from drosophila (dor83b) and from anopheles (agamgpror7); moreover, in contrast to all other receptors, this unique receptor type is expressed in numerous antennal neuron ...	2003	12827420
characterization of a subfamily of beetle odorant-binding proteins found in hemolymph.	in insects, hydrophobic odorants are transported through the sensillar lymph to receptors on sensory neurons by odorant-binding proteins (obps). the beetle tenebrio molitor, which is a pest of stored grain products, produces a set of 12-14-kda obp-like proteins in its hemolymph. the structure of one of these proteins and that of a moth pheromone-binding protein have been solved. both proteins have at least six alpha-helices with an internal, hydrophobic, ligand-binding pocket, but the beetle obp ...	2003	12883044
triazines facilitate neurotransmitter release of synaptic terminals located in hearts of frog (rana ridibunda) and honeybee (apis mellifera) and in the ventral nerve cord of a beetle (tenebrio molitor).	three triazine herbicides, atrazine, simazine and metribuzine, and some of their major metabolites (cyanuric acid and 6-azauracil) were investigated for their action on synaptic terminals using three different isolated tissue preparations from the atria of the frog, rana ridibunda, the heart of the honeybee, apis mellifera macedonica, and the ventral nerve cord of the beetle, tenebrio molitor. the results indicate that triazines facilitate the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, a ...	2003	12927906
[possibility of culture of columbia sk virus in the mealworm tenebrio molitor and silkworm bombyx mori].		1955	13304595
comparative studies on proteolytic enzymes of tenebrio molitor l.		1964	14170690
development of oncospheres of hymenolepis diminuta, hatched in vivo and in vitro, in the larvae of tenebrio molitor.		1964	14170764
chlorpyrifos residue levels in avian food items following applications of a commercial ec formulation to alfalfa and citrus.	two 10-day field residue studies were conducted to measure the amount of chlorpyrifos residue found in typical avian food following applications of a commercial 480 g liter(-1) ec (lorsban 4e) at 1.1 kg ai ha(-1) (1 lb ai acre(-1)) to alfalfa and at 2.3 kg al ha(-1) (2.0 lb ai acre(-1)) to citrus. avian food items used in these studies included: crickets (acheta domestica (l)), earthworms (lumbricus terrestris l), darkling ground beetle larvae (tenebrio molitor l), seed heads (triticum sp), and ...	2003	14620043
adaptive innate immunity? responsive-mode prophylaxis in the mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor.	a primary infection by a parasite may indicate a higher risk of being reinfected in the near future (since infection may indicate that enemies are becoming more abundant). acquired immunity does not exist in invertebrates despite the fact that they also face increased risks of reinfection following primary exposure. however, when subjected to immune insult, insects can produce immune responses that persist for long enough to provide prophylaxis. because these immune responses are costly, persist ...	2003	14667338
infection increases the value of nuptial gifts, and hence male reproductive success, in the hymenolepis diminuta-tenebrio molitor association.	during copulation, male insects pass accessory gland components to the female with the spermatophore. these gifts can affect female reproductive behaviour, ovulation and oviposition. here, we show that female mealworm beetles, tenebrio molitor, mated with males infected with metacestodes of the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta, produced significantly more offspring than those mated with uninfected males. there is a significant positive relationship between parasite intensity in the male and re ...	2003	14667373
actin and myosin in gregarina polymorpha.	actin and two class xiv unconventional myosins have been cloned from gregarina polymorpha, a large protozoan parasite inhabiting the gut of the mealworm tenebrio molitor. these proteins were most similar to their homologues expressed in the coccidian and haemosporidian apicomplexa such as toxoplasma and plasmodium despite the significant morphological differences among these parasites. both actin and g. polymorpha myosin a (gpmyoa), a 92.6-kda protein characterized by a canonical myosin head dom ...	2004	15083530
negative regulation of prophenoloxidase (propo) activation by a clip-domain serine proteinase homolog (sph) from endoparasitoid venom.	most parasitic wasps inject maternal factors into the host hemocoel to suppress the host immune system and ensure successful development of their progeny. melanization is one of the insect defence mechanisms against intruding pathogens or parasites. we previously isolated from the venom of cotesia rubecula a 50 kda protein that blocked melanization in the hemolymph of its host, pieris rapae [insect biochem. mol. biol. 33 (2003) 1017]. this protein, designated vn50, is a serine proteinase homolog ...	2004	15110869
a kunitz-type inhibitor of coleopteran proteases, isolated from adenanthera pavonina l. seeds and its effect on callosobruchus maculatus.	the cowpea weevil callosobruchus maculatus is one of the major pests of vigna unguiculata cowpea. digestion in the cowpea weevil is facilitated by high levels of cysteine and aspartic acid proteinases. plants synthesize a variety of molecules, including proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors, to defend themselves against attack by insects. in this work, a trypsin inhibitor (apti) isolated from adenanthera pavonina seeds showed activity against papain. the inhibition of papain by apti was of the non ...	2004	15113152
the mechanism of action of the antidiuretic peptide tenmo adfa in malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti.	the mechanism of action of tenebrio molitor antidiuretic factor 'a' (tenmo adfa) was explored in isolated malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti. in the ramsay assay of fluid secretion, tenmo adfa (10(-9) mol l(-1)) significantly inhibited the rate of fluid secretion from 0.94 nl min(-1) to 0.44 nl min(-1) without significant effects on the concentrations of na+, k+ and cl- in secreted fluid. in isolated perfused tubules, tenmo adfa had no effect on the transepithelial voltage (vt) and resistance ( ...	2004	15235016
cold survival in freeze-intolerant insects: the structure and function of beta-helical antifreeze proteins.	antifreeze proteins (afps) designate a class of proteins that are able to bind to and inhibit the growth of macromolecular ice. these proteins have been characterized from a variety of organisms. recently, the structures of afps from the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) and the yellow mealworm (tenebrio molitor) have been determined by nmr and x-ray crystallography. despite nonhomologous sequences, both proteins were shown to consist of beta-helices. we review the structures and dynamic ...	2004	15291806
beetles as possible vectors of infections caused by mycobacterium avium species.	mycobacteria were not isolated from any of 229 beetle imagoes of 29 species originating from 14 distinct localities in the czech and slovak republics: 186 imagoes (34 samples) and 43 imagoes (12 samples) from the wild and herds with paratuberculosis infected ruminants, respectively. from 75 environmental samples taken from barns with infected ruminants, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was isolated from five scrapings of the floors in barns and a feed processing room. from bran and pe ...	2004	15327799
development and reproduction of podisus distinctus (heteroptera: pentatomidae) fed on larva of bombyx mori (lepidoptera: bombycidae).	biological control has been reducing the use of chemical products against insect pests, especially predatory pentatomidae. species of this group can present high variations in their life cycle as a result of their diet. thus, the objective of this research was to study nymph development and reproduction of podisus distinctus (stäl, 1860) (heteroptera: pentatomidae) fed on bombyx mori l., 1758 (lepidoptera: bombycidae) larvae (t1), compared to those fed on tenebrio molitor l., 1758 (coleoptera: t ...	2004	15462296
chlorinated tyrosine derivatives in insect cuticle.	a method for quantitative measurement of 3-monochlorotyrosine and 3,5-dichlorotyrosine in insect cuticles is described, and it is used for determination of their distribution in various cuticular regions in nymphs and adults of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria. the two chlorinated tyrosine derivatives were present in all analyzed regions in mature adult locusts, the highest concentrations were found in the sclerotized cuticle of femur and tibia, but significant amounts were also present ...	2004	15475302
molecular characterization of brevibacillus laterosporus and its potential use in biological control.	thirty-three strains of brevibacillus laterosporus, including three novel strains isolated from brazilian soil samples, were examined for genetic variability by the use of different pcr-based methods. molecular markers that could characterize bacterial strains with regards to their pathogenic potential were investigated. in addition, toxicity was assessed by the use of insects belonging to the orders lepidoptera and coleoptera and the mollusk biomphalaria glabrata. among the targets tested, biom ...	2004	15528531
apoptosis in the fat body tissue of the beetle tenebrio molitor parasitised by hymenolepis diminuta.	many insects experience a decrease in reproductive output when parasitised. we are investigating mechanisms underlying this fecundity reduction using the rat tapeworm, hymenolepis diminuta infection of tenebrio molitor beetles. these include an increase in the resorption of developing ovarian follicles and a decrease in fat body synthesis of vitellogenin. the latter is the direct effect of a molecule produced by the parasite. here we report a study to determine whether vitellogenin synthesis and ...	2004	15607506
carabid larvae as predators of weed seeds: granivory in larvae of amara eurynota (coleoptera: carabidae).	up to date we do not have much information about predation on seeds by larvae of ground beetles. one of the reasons why such knowledge is important is that granivorous larvae contribute to predation of weed seeds. in this study, the food requirements of larvae of autumn breeding carabid species amara eurynota (panzer) were investigated in the laboratory and a hypothesis, that they are granivorous was tested. insect diet (tenebrio molitor larvae), three seed diets (seeds of artemisia vulgaris, tr ...	2004	15759391
a novel 43-kda protein as a negative regulatory component of phenoloxidase-induced melanin synthesis.	the melanization reaction induced by activated phenoloxidase in arthropods is important in the multiple host defense innate immune reactions, leading to the sequestration and killing of invading microorganisms. this reaction ought to be tightly controlled because excessive formation of quinones and systemic hypermelanization are deleterious to the hosts, suggesting that a negative regulator(s) of melanin synthesis may exist in hemolymph. here, we report the purification and cloning of a cdna of ...	2005	15857824
a chymotrypsin-like proteinase from the midgut of tenebrio molitor larvae.	a chymotrypsin-like proteinase was isolated from the posterior midgut of larvae of the yellow mealworm, tenebrio molitor, by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. the enzyme, tmc1, was purified to homogeneity as determined by sds-page and postelectrophoretic activity detection. tmc1 had a molecular mass of 23.0 kda, pi of 8.4, a ph optimum of 9.5, and the optimal temperature for activity was 51 degrees c. the proteinase displayed high stability at temperatures below 43 degrees c and in ...	2005	15885871
cdna cloning and heterologous expression of a wheat proteinase inhibitor of subtilisin and chymotrypsin (wsci) that interferes with digestive enzymes of insect pests.	a cdna encoding the proteinase inhibitor wsci (wheat subtilisin/chymotrypsin inhibitor) was isolated by rt-pcr. degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the amino acid sequence of wsci and on the nucleotide sequence of the two homologous inhibitors (ci-2a and ci-2b) isolated from barley. for large-scale production, wsci cdna was cloned into the e. coli vector pgex-2t. the fusion protein gst-wsci was efficiently produced in the bacterial expression system and, as the native inhib ...	2005	15899701
effect of diet on male reproductive tract of podisus nigrispinus (dallas) (heteroptera: pentatomidae).	the morphology and histology of the reproductive tract of males of the predator podisus nigrispinus (dallas) fed on different diets were studied. p. nigrispinus was fed on diets of: larvae of alabama argillacea (hübner), tenebrio molitor l., musca domestica l., and an artificial diet. the male reproductive tract, independent of diet, showed testes with intense red coloration in a compact, circular, or slightly oval structure. the vasa deferentia were similar in color to the testes and formed lon ...	2005	16025907
insect growth regulatory effects of some extracts and sterols from myrtillocactus geometrizans (cactaceae) against spodoptera frugiperda and tenebrio molitor.	a methanol extract from the roots and aerial parts of myrtillocactus geometrizans (cactaceae) yielded peniocerol 1, macdougallin 2, and chichipegenin 3. the natural products 1, 2 their mixtures, meoh and ch(2)cl(2) extracts showed insecticidal and insect growth regulatory activity against fall armyworm [spodoptera frugiperda j. e. smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae)], an important insect pest of corn, and [tenebrio molitor (coleoptera)], a pest of stored grains in mexico. the most active compounds we ...	2005	16122768
the effect of hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda) cysticercoids on the weight change, frass production, and food intake of the intermediate host, tenebrio molitor (coleoptera).	parasitism results in nutritionally related changes in hosts, often leading to altered feeding behavior. infected hosts that increase their feeding also increase their probability of reinfection. to study this, i used a beetle (tenebrio molitor)-tapeworm (hymenolepis diminuta) system. infected and uninfected male and female beetles were individually housed in vials with food. each beetle's weight change, food intake, and frass production were measured over 24-h periods at 3, 7, 12, and 16 days p ...	2005	16231174
degradation of the s. frugiperda peritrophic matrix by an inducible maize cysteine protease.	a unique 33-kda cysteine protease (mir1-cp) rapidly accumulates at the feeding site in the whorls of maize (zea mays l.) lines that are resistant to herbivory by spodoptera frugiperda and other lepidopteran species. when larvae were reared on resistant plants, larval growth was reduced due to impaired nutrient utilization. scanning electron microscopy (sem) indicated that the peritrophic matrix (pm) was damaged when larvae fed on resistant plants or transgenic maize callus expressing mir1-cp. to ...	2006	16243350
hypersensitivity to forcipomyia taiwana (biting midge): clinical analysis and identification of major for t 1, for t 2 and for t 3 allergens.	forcipomyia taiwana is a tiny, blood-sucking midge that cause intense pruritus and swelling in sensitive individuals. it is distributed island-wide in rural taiwan and southern china. objective: this study aimed to study the allergic immune responses and identify f. taiwana allergens.	2005	16266384
challenges in the expression of disulfide bonded, threonine-rich antifreeze proteins in bacteria and yeast.	certain freeze-intolerant insects produce antifreeze proteins (afps) during overwintering including the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) and yellow mealworm (tenebrio molitor) afp gene families. however, only a few of the isoforms, encoded by their multiple-copy gene families, have been characterized. when expressed in bacterial systems the insect afps have to be denatured and refolded in vitro, a procedure that is not uniformly successful, presumably due to the beta-helix structure and ...	2006	16290006
absorption of toxic beta-glucosides produced by plants and their effect on tissue trehalases from insects.	trehalases present in body wall, malpighian tubules, fat body, midgut and haemolymph from tenebrio molitor (coleoptera), musca domestica (diptera), spodoptera frugiperda and diatraea saccharalis (lepidoptera) were assayed in the presence and absence of toxic beta-glucosides produced by plants or their aglycones. the glucosides used were phlorizin, amygdalin, prunasin and the aglycone mandelonitrile. in addition, t. molitor and s. frugiperda trehalases were assayed with and without esculin. more ...	2006	16458033
tenectin, a novel extracellular matrix protein expressed during drosophila melanogaster embryonic development.	during drosophila embryonic development, various morphogenetic processes require the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. in a previous study, we have identified and characterized a cdna encoding a novel putative extracellular matrix protein named tenebrin, in the beetle tenebrio molitor. here, we examine the expression of the drosophila ortholog, referred to as tenectin (tnc), during embryonic development. tnc is expressed in the majority of tissues of neuroectodermic origin such as hindgut, ...	2006	16510317
efficient production of a folded and functional, highly disulfide-bonded beta-helix antifreeze protein in bacteria.	the tenebrio molitor thermal hysteresis protein has a cysteine content of 19%. this 84-residue protein folds as a compact beta-helix, with eight disulfide bonds buried in its core. exposed on one face of the protein is an array of threonine residues, which constitutes the ice-binding face. previous protocols for expression of this protein in recombinant expression systems resulted in inclusion bodies or soluble but largely inactive material. a long and laborious refolding procedure was performed ...	2006	16542851
solution structure of the plant defensin vrd1 from mung bean and its possible role in insecticidal activity against bruchids.	vigna radiata plant defensin 1 (vrd1) is the first reported plant defensin exhibiting insecticidal activity. we report herein the nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of vrd1 and the implication on its insecticidal activity. the root-mean-square deviation values are 0.51 +/- 0.35 and 1.23 +/- 0.29 a for backbone and all heavy atoms, respectively. the vrd1 structure comprises a triple-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet, an alpha-helix, and a 3(10) helix stabilized by four disulfide bonds, ...	2006	16544327
a behavioral study of the beetle tenebrio molitor infected with cysticercoids of the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta.	the host-parasite relationship, tenebrio molitor-hymenolepis diminuta, was analyzed. the learning behavior of infected and uninfected (control) beetles in a t-maze was compared. the infected beetles moved much slower in the t-maze than the controls. the infected beetles reached the same level of learning as the controls. however, they needed more trials than the controls. the effect of the infection was already distinct after the first week and even higher after the second week. this indicates t ...	2006	16555097
potential role for gut microbiota in cell wall digestion and glucoside detoxification in tenebrio molitor larvae.	tenebrio molitor larvae were successfully reared free of cultivatable gut lumen bacteria, yeasts and fungi using two approaches; aseptic rearing from surface sterilized eggs and by feeding larvae with antibiotic-containing food. insects were reared on a rich-nutrient complete diet or a nutrient-poor refractory diet. a comparison of digestive enzyme activities in germ free and conventional insects containing a gut microbiota did not reveal gross differences in enzymes that degrade cell walls from ...	2006	16600286
photorhabdus luminescens toxin-induced permeability change in manduca sexta and tenebrio molitor midgut brush border membrane and in unilamellar phospholipid vesicle.	photorhabdus luminescens, a gram-negative bacterium, secretes a protein toxin (pl toxin) that is toxic to insects. in this study, the effects of the pl toxin on large receptor-free unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (luvs) of manduca sexta and on brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) of m. sexta and tenebrio molitor were examined. cry1ac served as a positive control in our experiments due to its known channel-forming activity on m. sexta. voltage clamping assays with dissected midguts of m. sext ...	2006	16623743
tobacco plants transformed with the bean alphaai gene express an inhibitor of insect alpha-amylase in their seeds.	bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) seeds contain a putative plant defense protein that inhibits insect and mammalian but not plant alpha-amylases. we recently (j moreno, mj chrispeels [1989] proc natl acad sci usa 86:7885-7889) presented strong circumstantial evidence that this alpha-amylase inhibitor (alphaai) is encoded by an already-identified lectin gene whose product is referred to as lectin-like-protein (llp). we have now made a chimeric gene consisting of the coding sequence of the lectin gene ...	1990	16667540
linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in the metabolism of two insects, ephestia kuehniella (lep.) and tenebrio molitor (col.).		1947	16748194
"trans-generational immune priming": specific enhancement of the antimicrobial immune response in the mealworm beetle, tenebrio molitor.	encounters with parasites and pathogens are often unpredictable in time. however, experience of an infection may provide the host with reliable cues about the future risk of infection for the host itself or for its progeny. if the parental environment predicts the quality of the progeny's environment, then parents may further enhance their net reproductive success by differentially providing their offspring with phenotypes to cope with potential hazards such as pathogen infection. here, i test f ...	2006	16777729
characterization of bgtg-1, a tergal gland-secreted alpha-amylase, from the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.).	the protein fraction of the german cockroach, blattella germanica (l.), tergal gland secretion was examined. sds-page separation of proteins present in b. germanica tergal gland secretion revealed a tergal gland-secreted protein, bgtg-1, at approximately 63 kda. bgtg-1 first appeared in tergal gland secretion at 2 days postimaginal moult and the amount of protein observed increased through day 5. a 2051 bp cdna sequence, bgtg-1, was obtained by race polymerase chain reaction and contains a 1494 ...	2006	16907829
a tapeworm molecule manipulates vitellogenin expression in the beetle tenebrio molitor.	metacestodes of hymenolepis diminuta secrete a molecule that decreases vitellogenin (vg) synthesis in the beetle host, tenebrio molitor. the 5608 bp t. molitor vg cdna represents a single-copy gene encoding a single open reading frame of 1821 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 206 kda. northern blot analysis revealed detectable levels of transcripts only in adult females. in vivo, vg mrna abundance was significantly higher in fat bodies from infected females compared with control fem ...	2006	16907836
stability of entomopathogenic bacteria, xenorhabdus nematophila and photorhabdus luminescens, during in vitro culture.	the entomopathogenic nematode-bacteria complexes heterorhabditis bacteriophora/photorhabdus luminescens and steinernema carpocapsae/xenorhabdus nematophila are mass produced for use as biological insecticides. stability of the bacterial partner in culture is essential for maintaining traits important for both biological control and production. two geographically distinct strains of each bacterial species were isolated from their nematode partners and serially subcultured on in vitro media to ass ...	2007	16941119
self-harm caused by an insect's innate immunity.	it has been a long-held assumption that the innate immune system of insects causes self-harm when used to combat an immune insult. we show empirically that this assumption is correct. invertebrate innate immunity relies heavily on effector systems which, on activation, produce cytotoxins that kill pathogens. reliance on these robust, fast-acting, generic killing mechanisms ensures a potent and rapid response to pathogen invasion, but has the potential disadvantage of causing self-damage. we show ...	0	16959651
purification, characterization and molecular cloning of the major chitinase from tenebrio molitor larval midgut.	insect chitinases are involved in degradation of chitin from the exoskeleton cuticle or from midgut peritrophic membrane during molts. cdnas coding for insect cuticular and gut chitinases were cloned, but only chitinases from moulting fluid were purified and characterized. in this study the major digestive chitinase from t. molitor midgut (tmchi) was purified to homogeneity, characterized and sequenced after cdna cloning. tmchi is secreted by midgut epithelial cells, has a molecular weight of 44 ...	2006	17027845
dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes.	the quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, co(2) can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. we hypothesized that co(2) production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could ...	2007	17054978
[antioxidant system in the darkling beetle (tenebrio molitor) in ontogenesis].	the level of antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation (lp) intensity in the darkling beetle tenebrio molitor on different developmental stages were assessed. each stage was shown to be characterized by its own peculiarities of prooxidant-antioxidant balance. thus, maximal intensity of oxidative processes estimated by lp intermediate product (diene conjugates and ketodiens) accumulation is attributable to pupae, and minimal intensity--to the 3rd-5th instar larvae. superoxide dismutase activi ...	2006	17100289
sex differences in frass production and weight change in tenebrio molitor (coleoptera) infected with cysticercoids of the tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta (cestoda).	in their intermediate host, parasites alter aspects of host physiology including waste production and body weight. further, this alteration may differ between female and male hosts. to study this, a beetle (tenebrio molitor)-tapeworm (hymenolepis diminuta) system was used. infected and uninfected male and female beetles were individually housed in vials without food. each beetle's weight change and frass production were measured over 24 h periods at 3, 7, 12 and 16 days post-infection. treatment ...	2005	17119613
[cloning, sequencing and prokaryotic expression of cdnas for the antifreeze protein family from the beetle tenebrio molitor].	the partial cdna sequence coding for the antifreeze proteins in the tenebrio molitor was obtained by rt-pcr. sequence analysis revealed nine putative cdnas with a high degree of homology to tenebrio molitor antifreeze proteins. the recombinant pgex-4t-1-tmafp-xj430 was introduced into e. coli bl21 to induce a gst fusion protein by iptg. sds-page of the fusion protein demonstrated that the antifreeze protein migrated at a size of 38 kda. the immunization was performed by intra-muscular injection ...	2006	17138539
molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a masquerade-like serine proteinase homologue from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon.	a full-length cdna of a masquerade-like serine proteinase homologue (pmmassph) of penaeus monodon was cloned and characterized by rapid amplification cdna end (race) method. the complete cdna sequence of 1958bp contains an open reading frame (orf) of 1572bp, encoding a 523 amino acid protein including a 19 amino acid signal peptide. the calculated molecular mass of the mature protein (504 amino acids) is 51.58kda with an estimated pi of 4.86. pmmassph has most of the structural characteristics o ...	2007	17174571
attraction behaviour of three entomopathogenic nematode species towards infected and uninfected hosts.	entomopathogenic nematode infective juveniles are likely to encounter both uninfected and infected insects and host quality depends on the stage of the infection. we hypothesized that nematode response to infected hosts will change over the course of an infection. here, we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the influence of host infection status on long-range attraction to host volatile cues. the attraction response of 3 nematode species (steinernema carpocapsae, s. glaseri and s. riobrave) w ...	2007	17176490
responses of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave to its insect hosts, galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor.	potential hosts for infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes can vary considerably in quality based on the characteristics of the host species/stage, physiological status (e.g. stress, feeding on toxins), and infection status (heterospecific or conspecific infection). in this study, we investigated responses of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobrave to hosts (galleria mellonella or tenebrio molitor) that were previously parasitized with conspecifics or injected with the nema ...	2007	17201992
full-fledged proteomic analysis of bioactive wheat amylase inhibitors by a 3-d analytical technique: identification of new heterodimeric aggregation states.	wheat proteinaceous alpha-amylase inhibitors (alpha-ais) are increasingly investigated for their agronomical role as natural defence molecules of plants against the attack of insects and pests, but also for their effects on human health. the wheat genomes code for several bioactive alpha-ais that share sequence homology, but differ in their specificity against alpha-amylases from different species and for their aggregation states. wheat alpha-ais are traditionally classified as belonging to the ...	2007	17203506
variations of the antioxidant system during development of the cold-tolerant beetle, tenebrio molitor.	data relating to the peculiarities of antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione (gsh) level and lipid peroxidation (lp) intermediates specific to at each ontogenic stage of tenebrio molitor are presented. metamorphosis is accompanied by a shift of prooxidant-antioxidant balance towards oxidative processes, since pupae have the highest levels of lipid peroxidation intermediates. cold acclimation (4 degree c) can promote oxidative stress at the cold sensitive developmental stage--imagoes, which e ...	2006	17256059
aspects of cuticular sclerotization in the locust, scistocerca gregaria, and the beetle, tenebrio molitor.	the number of reactive amino groups in cuticular proteins decreases during the early period of insect cuticular sclerotization, presumably due to reaction with oxidation products of n-acetyldopamine (nada) and n-beta-alanyldopamine (nbad). we have quantitated the decrease in cuticular n-terminal amino groups and lysine epsilon-amino groups during the first 24h of sclerotization in adult locusts, schistocerca gregaria, and in larval and adult beetles, tenebrio molitor, as well as the increase in ...	2007	17296497