Publications

some transfusion-induced parasitic infections in zambia.	the risk of acquiring a transfusion-induced infection in zambia was studied for the first time. blood slide examination of donors, despite the insensitivity of the method, established malaria as the most serious hazard. the species involved was plasmodium falciparum, the cause of cerebral malaria, and which could be rapidly fatal in a non-immune host visiting an endemic area. microfilariae of dipetalonema perstans and wuchereria bancrofti were also found in donor populations. while no disease ma ...	1979	399289
studies on human filariasis in malaysia: immunoglobulin and complement levels in persons infected with brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti.	levels of immunoglobulins g, a, m and e as well as complement components c3c and c4 have been determined in populations in various endemic areas in peninsular malaysia and also in filariasis patients. high immunoglobulin levels were seen. in the microfilarial-negative group igg was 2009 mg% while ige was 3967 i.u./ml. in the filariasis group, wuchereria bancrofti patients had significantly higher levels of igg, igm and ige, namely, 3314 mg%, 804 mg% and 18400 i.u./ml respectively. the significan ...	1979	400204
higher concentrations of microfilariae in capillary blood from the ear lobe than from the finger in wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella ozzardi infections.		1979	400206
[follow-up survey on the long-term effects of dec medicated salt in the control of filariasis bancrofti (author's transl)].		1979	400290
circadian rhythms in the mammalian central nervous system, blood pressure and parasites--hobbies of rudolf engel.		1979	400292
[trial of the combination of diethylcarbamazine (notezine)-levamisole (solaskil) in the control of filariasis by wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica in french polynesia].		1979	400401
the exsheathment of brugia pahangi microfilariae under controlled conditions in vitro.	two reproducible techniques for the exsheathment in vitro of microfilariae of brugia pahangi, and other sheathed microfilariae, are described. microfilariae were isolated from infected cat blood by filtration and suspended in hank's balanced salt solution. the first technique involved the incubation of isolated microfilariae for one hour in 20 mm cacl2 in a phosphate-free balanced salt solution, during which time approximately 90% of the microfilariae lost their sheaths. the second method of exs ...	1979	573989
[comparative study of technics of detection of wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis].		1977	589737
the natural decline of wuchereria bancrofti infection in a vector control situation in the solomon islands.	in a situation where filariasis and malaria are transmitted by the same vector, as seen here in the solomon islands, the malaria eradication programme aimed at controlling the vector, was found to have an effect on both diseases. in an area of choiseul island first surveyed by the author in 1970, three follow-up surveys were conducted--in 1974, 1975 and 1976. these showed a progressive decrease in persons infected. when the densities, especially the median microfilarial counts, were expressed as ...	1977	595094
filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti in haiti.		1977	595106
bancroftian filariasis in puerto limón, costa rica.	in four neighborhoods of puerto limón, a caribbean coastal city in a tropical rainforest area of costa rica, examination of 1-ml samples of night blood from 1,142 randomly selected, and 1,196 associated, persons by the knott and filter-chamber techniques revealed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in about 3% of the 2,338 samples. the frequency of infection was higher in males (3.9%) than in females (1.9%), higher in persons of black (4.1%) than of white (1.0%) race, and highest in persons ag ...	1977	596512
the influence of the gene sb in culex pipiens on the development of sub-periodic brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti.	the gene sb (filarial susceptibility, brugia pahangi) in culex pipiens controls the development also of sub-periodic b. malayi, but has no influence on the development of periodic wuchereria bancrofti (ceylon strain). c.p. fatigans (kuala lumpur), c.p. molestus (london) and aedes aegypti (re fm strain) were all susceptible to the ceylon strain of w. bancrofti, with susceptibility rate of 90.3%, 92.9% and 52.6% respectively. however, a low proportion of the larvae in a. aegypti developed to matur ...	1977	596959
on the escape of infective filarial larvae from the mosquitoes.	experimentally infected females of culex pipiens fatigans carrying infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti were fed, on the 16th day p.i., on four different solutions, which were offered "cold" (24 degrees c) or "warm" (34 degrees c) in petri dishes as open fluids. thus the sucking mosquitoes did not have to bend their labia. only the "warm" human serum stimulated any considerable number of infective larvae (24.8%) to leave the mouthparts of the mosquitoes. 1289 infective c. fatigens females lo ...	1977	601855
biomedical survey in north samar province, philippine islands.	a biomedical survey was carried out in north samar province, philipines to update information on the prevalence of parasitic and other infectious diseases. a total of 1,394 stool specimens, 1,859 blood smears and 1,274 sera were collected from persons living in 8 barrios. stools were examined for intestinal parasites, bloods smears for malaria and filariasis and sera tested for antibodies to schistosoma japonicum, entamoeba histolytica, toxoplasma gondii, influenza a and b, and japanese encephal ...	1977	614707
histochemical differentiation of brugia, wuchereria, dirofilaria and breinlia microfilariae.	histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in microfilariae gives sufficiently characteristic and consistent results for the differentiation of even closely related species. no difference could be detected among nocturnally periodic, nocturnally subperiodic and diurnally subperiodic brugia malayi, but they could readily be distinguished from b. pahangi. similarly, dirofilaria repens could be readily distinguished from d. immitis and b. booliati from b. sergenti. the enzyme distribu ...	1978	666387
[transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in the coastal sahelo-souadienne zone (little senegalese coast)].		1978	668035
metrifonate in onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.	metrifonate, in doses of 10 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days, demonstrated partial microfilaricidal activity against onchocerca volvulus in humans. higher doses were not investigated because of the toxic reactions obtained and the absence of monitoring of the blood cholinesterase levels. spaced doses of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or once monthly up to 3 doses showed neither micro- nor macrofilaricidal activity against wuchereria bancrofti.	1978	675839
evaluation of the intrathoracic injection method for screening of filaricides.	intrathoracic injection technique was utilized to examine its value in screening of antifilaria drugs in litomosoides carinii in the cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, using existing filaricides such as diethylcarbamazine, mel w. metrifonate, suramin, arsenics and antimonials. diethylcarbamazine at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 5 days given intrathoracically caused marked decrease of more than 95% of the microfilaria count in the blood 1 week after the initial injection which is the same effect as was obs ...	1978	748620
distribution and prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti in various parts of liberia.	a nightblood survey has been carried out in 82 localities situated in various parts of liberia. a total of 8072 people have been examined for the presence of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and 403 (5.0%) have been found positive. however, the distribution of the disease was quite uneven. the infection was common in the coastal zone showing an average microfilaria prevalence of 9%, while in the forest belt among 5383 people living in rural areas only 109 (2.0%) were found to harbour microf ...	1976	769271
clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis in a suburb of calcutta, india.	interviews and physical examinations for filarial disease were conducted in howrah near calcutta, west bengal, india, in a study area where long term quantitative entomological studies have disclosed high intensity, year round exposure to wuchereria bancrofti. little elephantiasis or other serious filariasis-related disease was noted, but half the males over 20 years of age had genital lesions of various types. ninety-two percent of households had at least one resident with microfilaremia or pre ...	1976	769575
bancroftian filariasis and membrane filters: are night surveys necessary?	paired day and night blood specimens from 41 persons living in a hyperendemic wuchereria bancrofti area of southwestern ethiopia were examined for microfilariae by nuclepore filter, thick film, and counting chamber techniques. filtering techniques were so highly sensitive that more infected persons were identified by filtering day blood than by examining night blood by conventional methods. increasing the volume of blood filtered from 1 ml to 5 ml increased the number of positives identified dur ...	1976	769578
benign obstruction of subclavian and axillary veins possibly due to filariasis.	this paper analyses the clinical features of 8 patients with post-thrombotic obstruction of the subclavian and axillary veins demonstrated by phlebography. the classic physical signs of swelling of the arm with dilated superficial collateral veins were seen. the causes of thrombotic obstruction are discussed and the precipitating cause in this study was possibly filariasis.	1976	773483
the differentiation of brugia malayi, b. pahangi, b. tupaiae and wuchereria bancrofti.	during studies on filariasis in thailand, attempts were made to differentiate wuchereria bancrofti and brugia spp. by morphological characteristics, as well as by vector species.	1975	775653
early signs and symptoms of bancroftian filariasis in males at the east african coast.		1976	776586
diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti filariasis by immunofluorescence using microfilariae as antigen.	a new technique for the diagnosis of wuchereriasis is described. microfilariae treated with proteolytic enzyme were used as antigen for the immunofluorescent reaction. the specificity of the reaction is demonstrated in sera from persons who have a microfilariaemia, individuals with clinical symptoms of the disease but no microfilariaemia, those who have no clinical symptoms, but harbour other parasites, and in persons living in france, where the wuchereria bancrofti filariasis is absent.	1976	779683
[filarial eosinophilic lung diseases, value of immunology (apropos of 9 cases)].	the study of nine cases of "eosinophilic lung" using specific immunological techniques indicates that the latter completes the geographical, clinical, radiological and hematological criteria of this syndrome. the search of circulating antibodies confirms the filarial etiology and individualises a remarkable immunological profile thus, suggesting a diagnosis in the case of occult filariases. the intensity of the immunological reactions brings a supplementary argument in favor of the hypothesis of ...	1975	779992
[parasitologic and serologic testing for bancroft's filariasis on the south-east coast of madagascar].		1975	779994
bancroftian filariasis in togo 1. a comparative field study of the membrane filtration concentration technique and conventional blood films.	the membrane concentration filtration technique which has proved very successful in use in areas of subperiodic filariasis in the pacific, has been used to study an area of nocturnally periodic in togo. the results obtained were similar to those from areas of low endemicity in the pacific. the method was easy to apply under field conditions in africa and the taking of venous blood samples proved competely acceptable to a rural population in south-eastern togo.	1976	781957
parasitic infections in humans in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia.	a survey was carried out among inhabitants of eight villages in west kalimantan province (borneo), whereby blood smears were examined for malaria, stools examined for intestinal parasites and sera tested by the indirect hemagglutination test for antibodies to entamoeba histolytica and toxoplasma gondii. the prevalence of malaria among 3017 people examined was 5.6% (plasmodium vivax 2.8%, plasmodium falciparum 2.8%). brugia malayi microfilariae were found in 3.6% and wuchereria bancrofti in 0.3%. ...	1976	788263
[filariasis].		1976	788341
[bancroft filariasis in comores archipelago (immunologic study)].	an immunological study has complemented the epidemiological survey on bancroft filariosis in the mayotte island (comores) carried out by brunhes et al., 1971. the search for antibodies to dipatolonema viteae and setaria labiotopapilosa was performed by means of electrophoresis and immunofluorescence in 87 individuals and 2 hydrocele fluids. immunoelectrophoresis confirmed the high endemicity ratio: 57 o/o of the individuals presented 1 to 7 precipitating lines; with immunofluorescence 55 o/o of ...	1976	791529
[chyluria in japan--report of the present status].		1976	792541
[displacentar transfer of fluorescent antibodies from mothers to their newborns in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area in india (author's transl)].	the immunofluorescent antibody test against d. viteae applied to mothers blood and the umbilical cord blood of their newborns showed a very close association of the two endpoint titers in 50 pairs of examinations. in 37 cases the titer of the child was corresponding with the titer of its mother, in 10 cases the newborn's titer was one dilution below, in 2 cases two dilutions below the mother's titer. the titers of newborns of 15 mothers with titers greater than or equal to 1:80 were in 11 cases ...	1976	795116
biochemical studies in human filariasis.		1976	798723
hyperendemic subperiodic bancroftian filariasis: a search for clinical and immunological correlates of microfilaraemia.	a study was carried out in the kingdom of tonga, an area of hyperendemic bancroftian filariasis, to determine whether correlations could be made between microfilaraemia, as diagnosed by membrane filter concentration, and immunological (skin test, immunoglobulin levels) or clinical findings. there was no relationship between the presence or degree of microfilaraemia and any clinical manifestation or skin test reaction. the skin test positivity rate for microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic individ ...	1976	800355
factors that affect the intradermal test in diagnosis of filariasis in egypt.		1976	801636
field trial on control of bancroftian filariasis using common salt medicated with diethylcarbamazine.		1976	828099
microfilarial granuloma of the breast in a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.	microfilariae found in a breast nodule of a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia were identified as wuchereria bancrofti, confirming that the tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome may be associated with infections caused by this species of filarial worm.	1977	869111
wuchereria bancrofti: the staining of the microfilarial sheath in giemsa and haematoxylin for diagnosis.	indigenous cases of bancroftian filariasis have recently been identified in the country for the first time. the diagnosis of such infections depends on demonstrating the characteristic sheathed microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in the blood. giemsa, a stain recommended by many authors, was found to be unsuitable as the microfilarial sheath, an important distinguishing feature, does not take up the stain. in contrast, the sheath stains clearly in haematoxylin. the differences in the staining ...	1977	919785
studies on quantitative aspects of the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti.	feeding experiments with anopheles gambiae and culex fatigans infected with wuchereria bancrofti showed that the mosquito females were losing about 20% of their worm burden when they were feeding on a blood chamber as well as on the guinea pig. 6.6% of all mature larvae found in the mosquitoes succeeded in entering the final host. a striking high infection rate was observed in those mosquitoes which refused to feed on a guinea pig. these mosquitoes have also to be considered when the loss of fil ...	1976	941249
subcutaneous nodules as a manifestation of onchocerciasis. a rare condition in the united states.	although infection with tissue nematodes is a significant health problem in many parts of the world, such cases are unusual in the continental united states. this report describes a case of onchocerca volvulus infection, acquired by a 38-year-old female missionary in northern brazil, that manifested as subcutaneous nodules in the groin and flank two years after the patient's return to the united states. a year previously, a wrong diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti was made at biopsy. at that time ...	1976	942304
anopheles fluviatilis recorded as an experimental vector host of wuchereria bancrofti.		1976	965711
a survey for wuchereria bancrofti in ethiopia.		1976	976247
a field trial of competitive displacement of aedes polynesiensis by aedes albopictus on a pacific atoll.	prior laboratory studies and field observations suggested that it might be possible to reduce the size of the population of, or eliminate, aedes polynesiensis by the introduction of aedes albopictus. the former mosquito is the principal vector of nonperiodic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti and the latter is a closely related species refractory to the development of human filariae. the practicability of such competitive displacement was studied by a field trial on a remote coral atoll w ...	1976	1008133
filariasis in the minahassa.	a survey concerning the occurrence of filariasis was carried out in likupang, a village in the minahassa, the norther tip of the island of celebes. we found four patients with elephantiasis of the leg. only of people living in their neighbourhood proved to be positive for microfilariae of brugia malayi. this result differs from surveys formerly carried out in whole sulawesi, where locally microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti occurred next to those of b. malayi.	1976	1014078
comparative efficacy of the stained blood-film and counting-chamber technique for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti.		1976	1032929
[activity of levamisole (solaskil) in lymphatic filariasis caused by wucheria bancrofti (variety pacifica].	a 6 mg./kg. daily dose of levamisole was given during three days to ten carriers of microfilarias wuchereria bancrofti in tahiti. no action against adult worms was noticed. the immediate microfilaricid action was at least equivalent to the action of dec. however the decrease of microfilaremia was not so long with levamisole than with dec given to a lower dose. lastly the amount of reactions after a treatment by levamisole is notable.	1976	1037387
[evolution of filarial hemagglutinating antibodies 1 year after a single dose of diethylcarbamazine].	the authors compare the serological results obtained before and after a single dose with diethylcarbamazine (6 mg./kg.) in a homogeneous and strongly infected with wuchereria bancrofti var, pacifica population. they point out a statistically significant decrease of the hemagglutining antibody titres of filarian patients.	1976	1037437
[eosinophilia and lymphatic filariasis in french polynesia].	an important hypereosinophilia is usually regarded as an interesting argument of presumption in lymphatic filariasis. this present report concerns 278 polynesians people infected with wuchereria bancrofti pacifica. six kinds of patients were analysed: carriers of microfilarias, patients with elephantiasis, with lymphangitis attacks, new infections, carriers of microfilariasis recently treated with diethylcarbamazine and, at least, 100 fellows without filariasis. the results which were observed d ...	1976	1037617
a new technique for the determination of microfilarial densities in onchocerciasis.	precise measurement of the parasite load in helminthic infections makes it possible to correlate morbidity, the individual response to treatment, and the best control methods. a membrane filtration technique was recently developed for quantifying wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia. the present paper describes its application to onchocerciasis in a study on 107 patients in northern togo. the technique is cheap and simple to apply under field conditions, and is extremely efficient at recovering ...	1976	1085663
filarial arthritis in the sepik district of papua new guinea.		1975	1092984
[letter: activity of l-tetramisole in lymphatic filariosis due to wuchereria bancrofti. preliminary results].		1975	1094417
[ecology of culex pipiens fatigans larvae in an area of high endemicity of bancroftian filariasis (author's transl)].	culex pipiens fatigans in the main vector of bancroftian filariasis in the mayotte island (comores) where it imposes an important health problem. the breeding-sites of c. p. fatigans are either man-made (latrines, cesspools, various containers), or natural (polluted water of estuaries of some rivers). the man-made breeding-sites are not similarly distributed in the different localities of the island. their distribution varies according to the customs of the inhabitants, size and site of the comm ...	1975	1096384
algorithms inthe diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. vi. the filariases.		1975	1099150
[on the migration of the third stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti in anopheles gambiae (author's tranls)].	the migratory pattern of the third stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti from the thorax into the head of anopheles gambiae has been studied. a total of 1269 infected mosquitoes were dissected and examined from the 7th through the 19th day after the blood meal. the filarial worms migrated from the thorax through the abdomen before they reached the head of the mosquito. third stage larvae first appeared in the abdomen on the 9th day after infection, where their number increased progressively up to ...	1975	1103391
a case of bancroftian filariasis.		1975	1104003
[effects of a unique dose of mebendazole on microfilaremia in 50 carriers of microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti, pacifica variety].	treatment by mebendazol were given to 50 patients divided in 3 groups, the first on having s single dose of 200 mg., the second one a single dose of 300 mg. and the last one a single dose of 400 mg. there was practically no unpleasant side effect. we noticed a delayed but notable effect on microfilaremia sensibly lower than diethylcarbamazine action in similar conditions. it would be interesting to try heavier doses or iterative doses.	1975	1104212
filarial mesenteric lymphadenitis with ileal perforation.		1975	1104715
bancroftian filariasis.		1976	1107961
studies on filariasis in the pacific. 4. the application of the membrane filter concentration technique to a survey of wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in kepu district, jakarta, indonesia.	a blood survey for filariasis was carried out in the kepu district of jakarta. examination of stained 20 c.mm finger-prick blood thick films and membrane filter concentration (mfc) of 1 ml venous blood. the youngest age group examined, 5-9 years old revealed a mf rate of 17% of which 71% were of a low density character detected by mfc only. the mf rate appears to remain relatively constant from the 10-14 year old group onward, approximately 35%, but at all age groups at least half the infections ...	1975	1166343
acid phosphatase activity in wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria.		1976	1255378
circadian periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti in liberia and its effect on the results of a prevalence study.	the harmonic wave curve of sasa and tanaka (1972), describing microfilarial periodicity, has been fitted to observations on 38 persons infected with w. bancrofti in liberia, as well as to data previously obtained from the same country by other authors. the periodicity of the liberian strain was similar to that of periodic forms of w. bancrofti in southeast asia and japan. the effect of periodicity on microfilaraemia prevalence survey results has been examined, using data from a recent study in c ...	1976	1258142
microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in bone marrow smear.	microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti were detected in seven cases of anemia in persons with asymptomatic filariasis. in three cases microfilariae could not be detected in the blood. their presence in bone marrow may indicate the ability of microfilariae to cross the vessel wall.	1976	1259081
some observations on filariasis in western samoa after mass administration of diethylcarbamazine.	an extremely efficient diethylcarbamazine administration campaign to eradicate wuchereria bancrofti has been carried out in western samoa. the use of the membrane-filtration technique has shown that a large number of people exhibit extremely low microfilarial densities, often with less than 10 in 1 ml of venous blood. it was found that one of these low level microfilaria carriers readily infected the local vector aedes polynesiensis and that development took place to the infective stage. it was ...	1976	1265818
specific and sensitive igg4 immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis with a recombinant 33 kd onchocerca volvulus protein (ov33).	the full length cdna of the immunodominant ov33 protein of onchocerca volvulus was expressed in e. coli using various vector constructs. expression was best with the vectors pgex2t and pcg808fx, yielding fusion protein ov33-gst and ov33-mbp, respectively. purified fusion protein ov33-gst and o. volvulus antigen extracts (ovag) were used to compare antibody responses (igm and igg-subclasses) of patients infected with o. volvulus, brugia malayi, wuchereria bancrofti, mansonella perstans/loa loa an ...	1992	1281926
rapid diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis by acridine orange staining of centrifuged parasites.	a rapid diagnostic test for detection of microfilaremia using a microhematocrit tube precoated with acridine orange (the quantitative buffy coat [qbc] tube) was compared with a conventional 50 microliters-thick blood film (tf) in 119 volunteers in an area of recife, brazil that was endemic for wuchereria bancrofti. both the qbc and the tf techniques were 100% specific, and thus positive predictive values were equal at 100% for each technique in all subjects studied. both techniques had equal neg ...	1992	1281967
characterization of a muscle-associated antigen from wuchereria bancrofti.	a recombinant clone, wbn1, isolated from a genomic expression library of wuchereria bancrofti and showing restricted specificity at the dna level (southern and pcr analyses) for wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi has been previously described. sequence analysis of wbn1 indicated that it had notable similarity to myosin. further characterization using in situ hybridization has localized the mrna in the muscle of the adult parasite and in the microfilariae. rabbit polyclonal antiserum, raised ...	1992	1283597
identification and characterization of a parasite antigen in the circulating immune complexes of onchocerca volvulus infected patients.	a peg-elisa was used to demonstrate parasite specific immune complexes in a significant proportion (25/26) of onchocerca volvulus infection sera from sierra leone. the parasite antigen was detected using a peroxidase-conjugated rabbit serum raised to the bovine parasite o. gibsoni. controls including european control serum, endemic control serum and rh+ sera gave consistently low readings. characterization of the parasite component in the immune complexes by western blotting demonstrated a heat ...	1992	1284095
observations on culex quinquefasciatus say in relation to transmission of filariasis due to subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti in samoa.	observations on culex quinquefasciatus say in samoa during a study of the epidemiology and control of subperiodic bancroftian filariasis are reported. the man-biting rate of c. quinquefasciatus was comparable with that of aedes (finlaya) samoanus gruenberg in one indicator village and lower in another. the house-frequenting behaviour of the two species was similar. culex quinquefasciatus was active throughout the night with peak biting during midnight hours, and its survivorship, estimated by tw ...	1992	1288433
adult filarial worm (wuchereria bancrofti) in a benign ovarian tumour.	a case of an adult filarial worm (wuchereria bancrofti) associated with a benign ovarian tumour and a cyst is presented. possible reasons for the findings of a well preserved part of the worm and a foreign body granuloma in the lymphatic subendothelium are discussed.	1992	1291144
a comparative study of acetylcholinesterase activity in bovine (s. cervi) and human (b. malayi, w. bancrofti) filaria.	setaria cervi, a bovine filarial parasite, contains a significant amount of acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity with microfilaria having five to ten times more ache activity than female and male adult worms, respectively. because ache shows substrate specificity and hydrolyzes acetylthiocholine but not butrylthiocholine, this parasitic enzyme is likely a true acetylcholinesterase. the latter also resembles an ache enzyme in the human filarial parasite b. malayi which hydrolyzes acetylthiocholin ...	1992	1293431
results of a safety trial on single-dose treatments with 400 mcg/kg of ivermectin in bancroftian filariasis.	two groups of polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers, 17 females aged 21 to 84 years and 20 males aged 26 to 57 years, in whom microfilaraemia ranged from 1 to 10,121 mf/ml and from 1 to 6,484 mf/ml, respectively, were given a supervised singledose treatment with 400 mcg/kg of ivermectin. carriers were examined and questioned regarding their experience of adverse reactions, which were graded 0 to 3 according to severity, at 6, 12 and 24 hours and at 4 days after treatment. biological examinati ...	1992	1293733
[efficacy of ivermectin for control of microfilaremia recurring after treatment with diethylcarbamazine. i. clinical and parasitological observations].	we compared the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin with that of a standard course of deithylcarbamazine (dec) for the control of microfilaremia in 60 patients with banrroftian filariasis who had developed recurrent microfilaremia after each of three or more prior treatments with dec. the study was done as a randomized, double-blind trial. complete, but transient clearance of microfilaremia was observed in both treatment groups. one year later, recurrent microfilaremia was present in 7 patie ...	1992	1307270
efficacy of bi-annual administration of dec in the control of bancroftian filariasis.	the efficacy of bi-annual administration of dec at the dose of 6 mg/kg body weight was evaluated on the microfilaraemia prevalence, density and vector filarial infection rates. administration of four doses (4 x 6 mg/kg) of dec significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the microfilaria rate of the community from 6.02 per cent to 2.31 per cent, microfilaria density from 0.66 to 0.17 and infectivity rate of the vector population from 0.8 per cent to 0.39 per cent.	1992	1344177
status of lymphatic filariasis in some select slum clusters of delhi.	filaria surveys conducted in some select slum clusters namely hari nagar, yamuna pusht near vijaya ghat along the ring road and timarpur in delhi during 1989, 1991 and 1992 respectively, covering a population of approximately 5000 slum dwellers revealed the presence of bancroftian microfilaria (mf) carriers and disease cases. the mf and disease rates (per cent) in these three slum areas were in the order of 6.3, 2.2, 3.7 and 1.4, 0.5 and 0.1 respectively. the mf density varied from 3.1 to 12.3 p ...	1992	1344178
the significance of low density microfilaraemia in the transmission of lymphatic filarial parasites.	low density microfilaraemia (mf) is a density of circulating mf which is often undetected by standard survey techniques; it occurs naturally, after anti-filarial drug administration and after vector control. its occurrence in human populations is closely related to the observed mf frequency distributions in them, and it is an important cause of underestimation of mf prevalence rates in epidemiological surveys. in the present paper it is defined quantitatively as a count of less than 4 mf 20 micr ...	1992	1348543
on the uptake of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in vector mosquitoes of different susceptibility to filarial infections.	the quantitative uptake of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae by mosquito species of different susceptibility to filarial infection was studied. there was no relationship between the degree of susceptibility and the number of ingested microfilariae. however, in all tested mosquito strains the females ingested as a mean 1.2-1.9 times more microfilariae of w. bancrofti than expected.	1992	1351706
seasonality of adult culex quinquefasciatus and transmission of bancroftian filariasis in pondicherry, south india.	seasonal variations in biting culex quinquefasciatus and transmission of bancroftian filariasis were investigated in pondicherry, south india. the biting density of c. quinquefasciatus, the principal vector species, was lowest in the summer months and higher during the monsoon and winter months. the survival of the vectors as indicated by the proportion of parous mosquitoes was found to be less in the summer season. biting mosquitoes with infective stage larvae were not encountered during the ho ...	1992	1356298
antigenic mimicry between piperazine derivatives and wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae.		1992	1356307
non-involvement of nulliparous females in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis.	the possible involvement of nulliparous females of culex quinquefasciatus in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis under field conditions was examined in pondicherry, south india. biting nulliparous females that had previously ingested partial blood meals were found infected with microfilariae/l1 stage larvae. none of them harboured infective-stage larvae. these findings suggest that nulliparous females are not involved in the transmission of filariasis. therefore, their inclusion for estim ...	1992	1363179
tissue tonometry: a useful tool for assessing filarial lymphedema.	a tissue tonometer was used to assess peripheral lymphedema in patients with filariasis in a bancroftian endemic community. matched populations of 34 patients with grade ii and 29 patients with grade iii unilateral lower limb edema and 26 healthy subjects were assessed for leg tissue compressibility and circumference. tonometry was performed at three fixed points on the leg using three weight levels (70, 140, and 210 gms). the mean value of compressibility for each weight level and points measur ...	1992	1405748
long-term suppression of microfilaraemia following ivermectin treatment.	lymphatic filariasis has been difficult to control until recently because of the lack of a suitable drug for treatment. ivermectin has proven safe and effective at reducing levels of circulating microfilariae. however, the apparent need to administer the drug every 6 to 9 months to keep microfilaraemia levels sufficiently suppressed to reduce transmission has been a major drawback to using ivermectin in community-based intervention programmes. in a study conducted in haiti, we have found that hi ...	1992	1412655
filariasis in gongola state nigeria. i: clinical and parasitological studies in mutum-biyu district.	a total of 2,552 persons living in 9 villages along the benue river valley, mutum biyu district of gongola state, nigeria were examined between october and december 1989 for filariasis. it is the first time a filariasis survey will be carried out in this state. 276 (10.8%) had wuchereria bancrofti, 50 (2.0%) had loa loa, 281 (11.0%) were positive for mansonella perstans while 12 (0.5%) were positive for onchocerca volvulus. villages located near the benue river had higher prevalence rates than t ...	1992	1416217
experimental wuchereria bancrofti infection of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti.	laboratory-derived females of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti were experimentally infected with wuchereria bancrofti by allowing the insects to feed on infected volunteers of known microfilariae density between 24.00 and 2.00 hours. of the 240 mosquitoes used for the experiments only 67 (55.8%) of c. quinquefasciatus and 83 (69.2%) of the ae.aegypti actually fed on the volunteers' blood. after 16 days post-infection period, 50 (74.62%) of the engorged c. quinquefasciatus harboured infec ...	1992	1416219
[ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine in spaced dosages in bancroft's filariasis: which protocol?].	58 apparently healthy polynesian wuchereria bancrofti carriers were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups: 1) two annual doses of ivermectin 100 mcg/kg, 2) three semi-annual doses of ivermectin 100 mcg/kg, 3) two annual doses of diethylcarbamazine (dec) 3 mg/kg, 4) semi-annual doses of dec 3 mg/kg, 5) two annual doses of dec 6 mg/kg. results observed during the 12-month period which followed last treatment have confirmed that efficacy of ivermectin is higher than that of dec in terms of immed ...	1992	1417159
community participation in the control of filariasis.	a programme was launched in 1986 for the control of brugian filariasis in an area of high endemicity in southern india. sustained community involvement was achieved by integrating economic measures to improve the lot of the people with the creation of widespread awareness about the cause of the disease and about the possibilities of combating it.	1992	1418331
pen-elisa for immunodiagnosis and immunomonitoring of bancroftian filariasis.		1992	1428992
antigenicity of a protective recombinant filarial protein in human bancroftian filariasis.	a 92-kda fusion protein that encodes amino acids 1-479 of a 62-kda brugia malayi antigen induces resistance to microfilariae in mice. the antigenicity of this recombinant protein was explored in asymptomatic residents of wuchereria bancrofti-endemic areas of papua new guinea and egypt. unlike sera from individuals in nonendemic areas, sera from residents of endemic areas contained igg3 antibodies (up to dilution 1:1280) reactive with the fusion protein. there was little or no recombinant antigen ...	1992	1431265
study of human and parasitic factors in relation to bancroftian filariasis in egypt.	the human leucocytic antigen (hla) and the histochemical reaction of microfilaria were studied by using cytotoxicity test and microfilarial acid phosphatase activity respectively to evaluate the role of the genetic factors and the parasitic factor in the pathogenesis of filariasis. statistical significant association was found between hla-b7 and the susceptibility for retaining microfilariae in blood and the development of clinical manifestations of filariasis. histochemical study reported more ...	1992	1431291
natural infections of dirofilaria immitis in aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis and aedes (finlaya) samoanus and their implication in human health in samoa.	dirofilaria immitis infections were observed in aedes polynesiensis and ae. samoanus in samoa, together with wuchereria bancrofti infections, in a study on sub-periodic bancroftian filariasis during 1978-1980. in the 4 indicator villages, the infection rate in ae. polynesiensis was 0.46% and the infective rate 0.09% (15,223 mosquitoes were dissected). the infection rate in ae. samoanus was 0.20% and the infective rate 0.08% (10,089 dissected). in 45 selected villages throughout the country, ae. ...	1992	1440786
wuchereria bancrofti infection in human and mosquito populations of a polynesian village ten years after interruption of mass chemoprophylaxis with diethylcarbamazine.	in 1991, a study on wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) and infection rates was carried out in the human and mosquito populations of a polynesian village where, 10 years before, the mf prevalence rate was 6.4% and twice-yearly mass treatment with 3 mg/kg of diethylcarbamazine (dec) was interrupted. venous blood samples were collected from 575 (97%) individuals aged 15 years or more, of whom 122 (21.4%) were mf positive. the mf carrier prevalence rate was 27.4% in males, significantly higher ...	1992	1440820
[alfred th. leber (1881-1954): a pioneer in tropical ophthalmology. missing in the south seas--rediscovered in india].	in spite of the brief duration of german colonial rule during that period tropical medicine enjoyed a remarkable growth and development. this is the first account of the career of the pioneer of tropical ophthalmology, alfred theodor leber (1881-1954); medical history had previously reported him missing in java after the 1st world war. his career was greatly influenced by his uncle, theodor leber (1840-1917), the founder of experimental ophthalmology. alfred leber was the one who combined teachi ...	1992	1453664
on the developmental velocity of wucheria bancrofti larvae in vector mosquitoes of different susceptibility to filarial infections.	the developmental velocity of wucheria bancrofti larvae was investigated in mosquito strains with different susceptibility to this filarial species. high susceptibility of the vector strains favoured fast filarial development, e.g. between 17.1 and 25.9% of all discovered larvae on day 13 p.i. had already migrated to the head and mouth parts of the more and partly even highly susceptible anopheles gambiae, culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti, respectively, whereas between 0 and 3.4% ...	1992	1456467
diethylcarbamazine treatment of bancroftian and malayan filariasis with emphasis on side effects.	a total of 1015 filarial carriers were hospitalized and treated with dec either in a long course with light doses (6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 mg kg-1 b.w. divided into three doses daily for seven days) or in a short course with heavy doses (15 mg kg-1 b.w. once daily for one, two or three days). the efficacy of the long course (85%) was much higher than that of the short course (59%); but the reaction rate following the heavy dose (87%) was higher than that following the light dose (72%). for brugia malay ...	1992	1463361
a comparative study of detection methods for evaluation of microfilaremia in lymphatic filariasis control programmes.	the evaluation of microfilaremia (mf) was performed in 96% of the population aged 15 years or more in a village of moorea, one of the society islands in french polynesia. finger-prick and venous blood samples were collected simultaneously from 782 individuals in order to compare the results obtained by the standard blood film method and the membrane filtration technique. of the 782 blood-sampled inhabitants 69 (8.8%) were found mf positive. 39 (5%) were mf positive by both methods and 30 were mf ...	1992	1470830
factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 4. facilitation, limitation, proportionality and their epidemiological significance.	quantitative understanding of the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filarial parasites is essential for the rational planning of control strategies. one of the most important determinants of transmission dynamics is the relationship between parasite yield, the success rate of ingested microfilariae (mf) becoming infective larvae in a mosquito vector, and mf density in the source of the human blood meal. three types of relationship have been recognized in human filaria/mosquito couples--limitati ...	1992	1475823
diethylcarbamazine in the control of splenomegaly associated with bancroftian filariasis in the ok tedi area of papua new guinea.	bancroftian filariasis is highly endemic in the ok tedi region of papua new guinea, with a reported mean rate of 39% before the implementation of a single-dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) treatment programme in 1986. this was followed by a 72% decline in the rate of detectable microfilaraemia and a 40% reduction in pre- and post-treatment splenomegaly. no significant difference was observed when spleen enlargement was compared to the presence of patent malaria. a significant difference in splenomeg ...	1992	1475824
mass chemoprophylaxis of lymphatic filariasis with a single dose of ivermectin in a polynesian community with a high wuchereria bancrofti infection rate.	in april 1991 supervised mass prophylaxis of lymphatic filariasis with a single dose of ivermectin, 100 micrograms/kg, was carried out in a polynesian village with a high infection rate of wuchereria bancrofti in humans and active transmission by the vector mosquito, aedes polynesiensis. of 876 inhabitants aged 3 years or more (pregnant women excluded), 864 (98.6%) were treated. simultaneously, venous blood samples were collected from 577 (97.5%) of the 595 inhabitants aged 15 years or more, of ...	1992	1475825
an eosinophilic granuloma containing an adult female wuchereria bancrofti in a patient with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.		1992	1475828
elephantiasis.		1992	1478760