Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| immunization of dogs with a leishmania infantum-derived vaccine. | a partially-purified extract of leishmania infantum has been administered to healthy dogs. post-immunization sera were found to neutralize the infectivity of l. infantum and to abate the development of l. major. muramyl dipeptide and one of its derivates, murabutide, were the best adjuvants. | 1988 | 3291382 |
| leishmania infantum, the aetiological agent of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl)? | 1987 | 3333812 | |
| note on the history of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the mediterranean and middle east area. | there exist records of what seems to be cutaneous leishmaniasis at least as far back as 650 bc, and possibly much earlier in the tigris/euphrates basin. it was described by avicenna in the 10th century ad, and was well-known in aleppo and baghdad by the 18th century ad. cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum may have occurred in crete in the 18th century. artificial transmission was effected in algeria and aleppo in the 18th century. | 1987 | 3334081 |
| vaccine-induced immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis in balb/c mice. | partially purified antigens, derived from leishmania infantum or l. major promastigotes and isolated under reducing conditions, were used to immunize balb/c mice. three subcutaneous injections of the 64- to 97-kilodalton preparation in conjunction with muramyl dipeptide conferred long-lasting immunity against l. mexicana subsp. mexicana and l. major infection; they led to the development of antibodies neutralizing the infectiousness of promastigotes, induced specific delayed-hypersensitivity rea ... | 1988 | 3346074 |
| in vitro assessment of anti-leishmania immunity of man acquired with a vaccine. | monocytes, obtained from a human volunteer immunized with a leishmania infantum-derived vaccine, when cultured in vitro displayed a strong parasiticidal activity against l. major promastigotes. in addition, immune serum conferred leishmanicidal activities to monocytes of normal, unexposed donors, and to murine macrophages. | 1988 | 3350121 |
| is leishmania infantum an opportunistic parasite in patients with anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies? | 1988 | 3365090 | |
| [a simple method for cloning leishmania spp]. | a rapid and simple technique for isolation of clones of leishmania spp. was developed. this method consists to adapt promastigote forms of leishmania infantum to an easily realized medium: the panmede solid medium. we obtained cloned-population of this parasite for epidemiologic and toxonomic studies. | 1988 | 3421644 |
| natural infection of phlebotomus perfiliewi with leishmania infantum in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of the abruzzi region, italy. | one out of 213 phlebotomus perfiliewi caught from an endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in abruzzi region (italy) was naturally infected with promastigotes. the parasites were grown in culture medium and in a hamster, typed by the examination of 11 isoenzymes, and found to be indistinguishable from leishmania infantum s.st. (montpellier zymodeme 1). the probable role of p. perfiliewi in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. infantum s.l. in the focus is discussed. | 1987 | 3445341 |
| leishmania infecting man and wild animals in saudi arabia. 4. canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in the eastern province. | cutaneous leishmaniasis was detected in 4 of 117 feral dogs, none of which presented any evidence of visceral involvement, in the al-hassa area of saudi arabia where neither leishmania infantum nor l. tropica are transmitted. the parasites isolated from 3 of the animals were identified by biochemical techniques as l. major, l. arabica and leishmania zymodeme 62 respectively. clinically, and in their histology, the lesions closely resembled those caused in man in the same geographical area by l. ... | 1987 | 3503410 |
| a new leishmania infantum enzymatic variant, agent of an urban visceral case unresponsive to drugs. | 1987 | 3503411 | |
| phagocytosis of leishmania infantum promastigotes by monocytes isolated from leishmania-infected dogs. | fifteen dogs with generalised leishmaniasis have been evaluated for their monocyte capacity to ingest leishmania promastigotes. these cells displayed a lower phagocytic ability when compared to monocytes recovered from normal dogs. moreover, sera from leishmania-infected dogs caused a remarkable decrease of monocyte phagocytic ability in healthy dogs, whereas sera from healthy dogs could restore monocyte phagocytosis in sick animals. similar results were seen when candida albicans was used as st ... | 1986 | 3520243 |
| leishmania infantum, causative organism of visceral leishmaniasis at biskra (algeria) | 1986 | 3603629 | |
| two episodes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in man caused by different zymodemes of leishmania infantum s.l. | 1986 | 3603630 | |
| application of an in vivo culture system for rapid demonstration of anti-leishmania activity of monoclonal antibodies. | in mice, infection with leishmania by the subcutaneous route becomes evident after about 2 months. this delay impedes the selection of monoclonal antibodies able to interfere with the infectiousness of the parasite. using an in vivo culture system--intraperitoneal injection of tg 180 sarcoma cells along with promastigotes or amastigotes--it was possible to define within 15 to 20 days a monoclonal antibody preventing the development of leishmania. pretreatment of promastigotes and amastigotes of ... | 1987 | 3617179 |
| leishmania infantum sensu lato as an agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in abruzzi region (italy). | the extreme difficulty of culturing in vitro parasites from italian causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has so far been a handicap to their biochemical identification. a technique based on the "transient growth" of promastigotes originating from parasites visceralized in lhc inbred hamsters was used. through this technique, promastigote extracts of seven leishmania isolates from cl cases from the abruzzi region were obtained. isoenzyme profiles of these isolates and reference strains of l. tr ... | 1987 | 3617184 |
| [experimental assessment of the ability of different species of sandfly to transmit the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis]. | the authors succeeded in transmission of the visceral leishmaniasis agent (kazakh strain of leishmania infantum) through the sand flies phlebotomus longiductus, p. smirnovi and p. papatasi under experimental conditions. infected p. longiductus and p. smirnovi are capable of preserving the agent and infecting the susceptible mammals after the cessation of the 1st and 2nd gonotrophic cycles. p. papatasi transmitted the agent of visceral leishmaniasis only after the cessation of the 2nd gonotrophic ... | 1986 | 3737235 |
| susceptibility of cebus nigrivittatus to leishmania infantum. | 1986 | 3746568 | |
| inhibition in vivo of both infective leishmania major and l. mexicana amazonensis mediated by a single monoclonal antibody. | monoclonal antibodies raised against a strain of leishmania infantum isolated in greece were produced and tested for their protective effect in an in vivo system (in balb/c mice). a single monoclonal antibody, igg2b isotype, can prevent the development of two leishmania strains in vivo: one of l. major and one of l. mexicana amazonensis. this antibody-mediated protection may be dependent on complement. | 1986 | 3787687 |
| leishmaniasis in sardinia: ii. natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, by leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, in the province of cagliari. | two promastigote-infected specimens of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead, 1911, were found in the province of cagliari, italy. the parasites from one specimen were successfully cultured in a hamster. the isolate was typed on 11 enzymes and shown to be identical with the reference strain of leishmania infantum s.st. this is the first typing of a leishmanial organism from naturally infected p. perniciosus. | 1986 | 3798544 |
| [isolation and in vivo behavior of the etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in italy]. | tentatives of culturing in vivo and in vitro the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in italy have in the past been carried out by several authors without, however, obtaining stable culture. the use of lhc inbred hamsters, treated with cortisone acetate, gives the possibility of isolating the parasite from human cutaneous lesions. the parasite is localized in the internal organs (spleen, liver and bone marrow) of the host, regardless of the site of inoculation. the infection is similar ... | 1985 | 3870640 |
| [monoclonal antibodies against defined leishmania antigens protect mice against infection by different species of leishmania]. | mice monoclonal antibodies (igg) have been raised against leishmania infantum promastigotes by fusing sp 2/0 myeloma cells and immunized mice splenic cells. the monoclonal antibodies have been detected by indirect immunofluorescence. in vivo tests showed that some of them could inhibit the life cycle of several leishmania species from the old and the new world. studies of these protective monoclonals by the western blot technique showed the presence of three constant antigens (40 kd, 70 kd and 1 ... | 1985 | 3922585 |
| [efficacy of the vaccination of c57bl/6 mice against infection with different species of leishmania]. | antigens were isolated from lysates of promastigotes of leishmania infantum by electro-elution from polyacrylamide gels. antigens with respective molecular weights for f2 = 94-67 kd; f5 = 30-20 kd and f6 below 20 kd, were injected intravenously in c 57 bl/6 mice. the immune sera were studied by indirect immunofluorescence; an in vivo test showed their inhibitory effect on the life cycle of several leishmania species from the old and the new world. furthermore, mice immunized with f2, f5 or f6 we ... | 1985 | 3936605 |
| [a new enzymatic variant of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern algeria]. | for the first time, the pathogenic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the north of algeria has been identified as leishmania infantum s.1. the parasite was found to be a newly discovered enzymatic variant (zymodeme 24) differing by two electromorphs from a variant isolated in france (zymodeme 11) from the same type of lesion. until now, the dermotropic zymodemes of algeria and france have not been seen in cases of visceral leishmaniasis of the mediterranean basin. | 1985 | 3985532 |
| imported canine visceral leishmaniasis in denmark. | the first case of imported visceral leishmaniasis in the dog in denmark, and probably in scandinavia, is described. the dog, a 5-year-old female wire-haired bird dog, became ill about 21 months after it had returned from a year's stay in spain (malaga). the clinical signs were fever, lameness, enlargement of the popliteal lymph nodes and weight loss. a tentative clinical diagnosis of leukaemia was discarded after the microscopic recognition of leishmania organisms in a biopsy from a popliteal ly ... | 1985 | 3991351 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of france. 21. influence of temperature on the development of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 in phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921. experimental study]. | the influence of temperature on the life-cycle of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908 (isolated from a dog in the cévennes) in a known vector (phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921) was studied with special reference to the proportion of flies infected and the intensity and localization of parasites in the sandfly. wild female sandflies were caught at night by active searches and were put with a heavily infected dog in a mosquito net on the night of capture. on the following morning, engorged females w ... | 1985 | 4062175 |
| laboratory transmission of leishmania infantum to rattus rattus by the bite of experimentally infected phlebotomus perniciosus. | the role of the sandfly species phlebotomus perniciosus parrot in laboratory transmission of leishmania infantum was investigated. one of the wild reservoirs of the disease, the black rat (rattus rattus), was used as vertebrate host. the parasite was transmitted by the bite of experimentally infected p. perniciosus to the black rat which, six months later, was infective to the same sandfly species. these experimental data confirm the role of p. perniciosus in the transmission of l. infantum, as ... | 1985 | 4082264 |
| leishmaniasis in greece i. isolation and identification of the parasite causing human and canine visceral leishmaniasis. | three human and 19 canine leishmanial stocks were typed according to their excreted factor serotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their mdh, gpi, g6pdh and 6pgdh and shown to be identical with regard to these characters and, thus with leishmania donovani infantum. this verifies the opinion of earlier researchers, who suggested that the parasites which cause human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in greece are the same organism and that dogs are the reservoir for the human infection. the c ... | 1984 | 6383236 |
| [growth of leishmania infantum in continuous culture]. | it has been studied the continuous growth of a leishmania infantum canine strain from marseille. the authors used a modified liquid medium with panmed : foetal calf serum and calf serum. they used a bench to chemistat at 24 degrees c. with an optimum concentration inoculum they obtained a diphasic growth curve with a first exponential phase from the third to the fifth day, in which the average time of generation is 15 hours and 20 minutes, and a second growth phase from the ninth to the eleventh ... | 1981 | 6452935 |
| [ecology of leishmaniasis in southern france. 18. enzymatic identification of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, isolated from phlebotomus ariasi tonnoir, 1921, spontaneously infected in the cévennes]. | out of 187 female phlebotomus ariasi caught in the cévennes focus of leishmaniasis 3 were found naturally infected with leishmania. the infection in one of the three had spread from the midgut to the pharynx and proboscis. stocks of leishmania were isolated from two of the flies and 8 isoenzymes were examined. the newly isolated parasites were found to be indistinguishable from zymodeme 1 of leishmania infantum s. st. | 1984 | 6486620 |
| the characterization by isoenzyme electrophoresis of leishmania isolated in the people's republic of china. | seven isolates of leishmania from mainland china were characterized on the basis of their isoenzyme profiles for 10 enzymes. five isolates were from human visceral leishmaniasis patients, and four of these showed isoenzyme patterns similar to the marker strain of leishmania infantum, while one was similar to l. donovani sensu lato. one isolate was from a presumed reservoir host of human visceral leishmaniasis, the racoon dog nyctereutes procyanoides, and was isoenzymically indistinguishable from ... | 1984 | 6506159 |
| [leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, the agent of the autochthonous oriental sore. apropos of the biochemical identification of 2 strains isolated in the eastern pyrenees]. | two strains of parasites isolated from cases of oriental sore in the pyrénées-orientales were identified by electrophoretic analysis of eight isoenzymes (pgm, pgi, g-6-pdh, 6-pgdh, idh, mdh, me and got). both strains were identical with leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, which normally causes visceral leishmaniasis. it is probable that, in the mediterranean region, some cutaneous lesions observed within the area of visceral leishmaniasis are caused by this species rather than by leishmania tropi ... | 1980 | 6780226 |
| [significance of enzymatic polymorphism in leishmaniae--on three heterozygous stocks of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, leishmania cf. tarentolae wenyon, 1921 and leishmania aethiopica bray, ashford and bray, 1973 (author's transl)]. | the analysis of 8 isoenzymes (pgm, pgi, g-6-pdh, 6-pgdh, idh, mdh, me, got)of 49 stocks of leishmaniae [35 of leishmania infantum nicolle, 1908, 10 of leishmania cf. tarentolae wenyon, 1921, 2 of leishmania tropica (wright, 1903) and 2 of leishmania aethiopica bray, ashford and bray, 1973] revealed heterozygous structures in three stocks. these structures were expressed by two (pgm) or three (pgi, 6-pgdh) spots on the electrophoretic gels. two stocks were heterozygous for pgi alone [one of l. in ... | 1981 | 7332193 |
| [evidence for the transmission of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis by the sandfly phlebotomus (adlerius) turanicus artemiev, 1974 in turkmenistan]. | four sandfly [correction of mosquito] species were identified in all foci of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in turkmenistan. there is evidence that three of them (phlebotomus papatasi, p. caucasicus, p. andrejevi) cannot be carriers of vl agent in turkmenistan. the carrier of leishmania infantum in turkmenistan is likely to be the zooanthropophilic sandfly [correction of mosquito] p. turanicus that prevails in the settlements and their vicinities in the desert foothill plains and in the burrows of ... | 1995 | 7476676 |
| cloning and characterization of the ribosomal l11 gene from leishmania spp. | 1995 | 7477109 | |
| short report: extended follow-up of the natural history of persons infected with leishmania chagasi. | a five-year follow-up of the natural history of 924 children exposed to or infected with leishmania chagasi was conducted in a rural area of northeast brazil. seventy-eight percent of the children sought were located. there was no evidence of smoldering disease or long subclinical latency in this population. the overall prevalence of clinical visceral leishmaniasis in this population was 6.1%, with a mortality rate of 10%. | 1995 | 7485687 |
| leishmania infantum: sequence homology within minicircle classes regardless of geographical distance. | 1995 | 7498439 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis during pregnancy treated with meglumine antimoniate. | data on the efficacy and safety of pentavalent antimony in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis during pregnancy are scanty. a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 39-year-old woman in the second trimester of pregnancy is reported here. the patient was hospitalized in poor condition with high fever and pancytopenia which had lasted for 6 weeks. a bone marrow aspirate revealed numerous amastigotes and serodiagnosis for leishmania was positive at a high titer. the patient was successfully treate ... | 1995 | 7499009 |
| variability of leishmania (leishmania) infantum among stocks from immunocompromised, immunocompetent patients and dogs in spain. | leishmania (leishmania) infantum is the causative agent of both the cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis in southwest europe; the dog is the main reservoir. in order to identify the l. (l.) infantum zymodemes present in spain, a total number of 85 leishmania stocks isolated from dogs (31), hiv-positive patients (46) with visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis, a patient with visceral leishmaniasis complicating renal transplantation (1) and immunocompetent patients (7) with visceral or cuta ... | 1995 | 7557330 |
| human t-cell activation by 14- and 18-kilodalton nuclear proteins of leishmania infantum. | leishmanial antigens which stimulate t lymphocytes from primed individuals may be candidates for a vaccine. we recently found a significant concordance between the humoral response specific for two proteins from leishmania infantum promastigotes, p14 and p18, and a positive leishmanin delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, testifying to the occurrence of cell-mediated immunity. in this communication, we describe a partial characterization of these antigens and an in vitro analysis of their capa ... | 1995 | 7558278 |
| evaluation of cleaving agents other than trypsin in direct agglutination test for further improving diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | trypsin treatment of leishmania promastigote antigen has proved to be indispensible in the direct agglutination test (dat) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). in the present study four antigen batches were prepared with pronase (400 micrograms/ml), lipase (0.45% [wt/vol]), pancreatin (0.3% [wt/vol]), or 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me) (1.2% [vol/vol]) at a ratio of 20:1 versus promastigote packed cell volume or a density of 10(8)/ml. batches prepare ... | 1995 | 7559934 |
| [endoparasite infection in stray and abandoned dogs in southern switzerland]. | at their entry into the animal domicile, "la stampa", in lugano (canton tessin), 217 stray dogs and 154 unwanted dogs were examined for infections with intestinal parasites, filariae, babesia and leishmania. the following techniques were used for detection of intestinal parasites: combined sedimentation-flotation, mifc technique and scotch tape adherence test. prevalences of helminth egg excretion in stray dogs and in unwanted dogs, respectively, were as follows: 34% and 22% for trichuris, 17% a ... | 1995 | 7569839 |
| hiv-leishmania co-infection in portugal: isolation of leishmania infantum mon-24. | 1994 | 7570814 | |
| infectivity of dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum to colonized phlebotomus perniciosus. | a study was carried out on the infectivity to sandflies of 16 dogs naturally parasitized by leishmania infantum. all dogs were seropositive and the parasite had been isolated from all except one. they were divided into 3 clinical groups: 5 asymptomatic, 4 oligosymptomatic, and 7 polysymptomatic dogs. the dogs were exposed to female phlebotomus perniciosus from a local colony and 7 d later the fed females were dissected in order to determine their rate of infection. there was wide variability of ... | 1994 | 7570854 |
| isolation of leishmania from a newborn puppy. | 1995 | 7570879 | |
| comparison between an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a detergent-soluble leishmania infantum antigen and indirect immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis. | serum samples collected from 290 dogs--186 leishmania-infected and 104 control animals--were screened to detect the presence of specific antibodies to leishmania infantum antigens in tuscany, italy. two different techniques were compared: an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisa was developed using a detergent-soluble antigen of l. infantum promastigotes. triton x-100 and protease inhibitors were used as detergent and to incr ... | 1995 | 7571333 |
| a highly sensitive and rapid procedure for direct pcr detection of leishmania infantum within human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we have developed a highly sensitive, simple and rapid procedure to detect leishmania infantum within human macrophages. it only requires ficoll preparation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient, and their direct use for leishmania kdna amplification by polymerase chain reaction. under these conditions, about one parasite can be detected in a one million human cell environment. results, including those of a hybridization step to confirm the diagnosis specificity, are obtained wi ... | 1995 | 7572425 |
| comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serology for the detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and serology was evaluated for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in bahia, brazil in a study of 125 dogs. the pcr was 100% sensitive in 25 dogs that had leishmania demonstrated by either culture or hamster inoculation. it was 100% specific for 35 dogs from the northeastern united states, all were pcr negative. however, 22 of 54 brazilian dogs that were culture-hamster inoculation-negative were positive by pcr. the nature of the pcr product was ide ... | 1995 | 7573707 |
| liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) in the treatment of complicated kala-azar under field conditions. | an open trial of liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome [l-amb]; vestar, san dimas, ca) for treatment of complicated visceral leishmaniasis was performed in sudan. forty-nine patients were treated, and there were six deaths (12% mortality); these were not attributed to therapy. thirty-seven patients were selected for the trial because of (1) relapse after treatment with a combination of pentavalent antimony (sbv) and aminosidine, (2) incomplete parasitological response to sbv and aminosidine, or (3) ... | 1995 | 7578729 |
| leishmania infantum-specific t cell lines derived from asymptomatic dogs that lyse infected macrophages in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted manner. | protective immunity to leishmaniasis has been demonstrated in murine models to be mediated by t cells and the cytokines they produce. we have previously shown that resistance to experimental leishmania infantum infection in the dog, a natural host and reservoir of the parasite, is associated with the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to parasite antigen and to the production of interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor. in this study we show that pbmc from asymptomatic ex ... | 1995 | 7614987 |
| comparison of new and old world leishmanins in an endemic region of brazil. | the control of leishmaniasis depends on a knowledge of the magnitude of the disease and of exposure to it. delayed-type hypersensitivity testing can detect prior exposure to the parasite, but there is little agreement regarding the choice of an antigen for such testing. new and old world leishmanins were tested in a study of patients with confirmed prior cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), patients with confirmed prior american visceral leishmaniasis (avl), and controls from areas in espírito santo, b ... | 1995 | 7620013 |
| identification of intra- and interspecific leishmania genetic polymorphisms by arbitrary primed polymerase chain reactions and use of polymorphic dna to identify differentially regulated genes. | arbitrary primed polymerase chain reactions (ap-pcr) were used to amplify different polymorphic genomic dna fragments from various old world leishmania species. using four 10-mer ap primers, geographic isolates of l. donovani and various old world species of leishmania could be readily distinguished from one another by the pattern of amplified dna products. our studies confirmed two important characteristics of ap-pcr: its abilities to amplify a consistent pattern of dna fragments from the genom ... | 1995 | 7624284 |
| in vitro study of the anti-leishmanial activity of biodegradable nanoparticles. | leishmania are obligate intracellular parasites, responsible for leishmaniasis. leishmaniasis are transmitted via insect vector to vertebrate hosts including humans. the infection was reproduced in vitro with promastigotes which can infect murine resident peritoneal cells. amphotericin b was incorporated into poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles, biodegradable drug carriers, to allow specific targeting inside the cell. the interaction of the drug with infected cells was determined by ex ... | 1995 | 7655817 |
| characterization of 'old world' leishmania species using amplified minicircle variable regions as molecular probes. | 1995 | 7660454 | |
| serological diagnosis and treatment of canine leishmaniasis. | the changes in the titres of anti-leishmania antibodies in 25 dogs with leishmaniasis were studied by using a dot-elisa technique while they were being treated with n-methylglucamine and allopurinol. when the diagnosis of leishmaniasis was established, 21 of the dogs had positive titres (1:800 or higher), and after treatment, 15 of them still had high titres, in most cases the same as at the point of the diagnosis. in four dogs the titres decreased, and were less than the cut-off value in two ca ... | 1995 | 7660549 |
| cultivation of leishmania sp. in nutrient broth. | bone-marrow aspiration and biopsy material samples obtained from two patients, one diagnosed as visceral and other as cutaneous leishmaniasis, were inoculated in novy, mcneal, nicolle (nnn) medium and nutrient broth (nb), containing fetal calf serum (fcs), penicillin and streptomycine. both media were incubated at 27 degrees c for 10 days and observed daily for l. infantum and l. major promastigotes. promastigotes were observed in nutrient broth after the first day, while in nnn media after the ... | 1995 | 7665939 |
| [leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus infections]. | the epidemiological, clinical and biological features of associated visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus infection are examined on the basis of a literature review of 239 published cases. the co-infection is principally located in southern europe, mainly in spain, france and italy. the study of restricted cohorts of patients showed that co-infection occurs in about 2 to 7% of aids patients. a part from the classical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis, atypical or unusual symptoms ... | 1995 | 7667232 |
| [the host-opportunistic protozoon system. the manifestation of leishmania infantum infection in naturally resistant adult white rats subjected to drug immunosuppression]. | the attempt to overcome the natural resistance of white rats wistar to leishmania infantum infection was made by the mean of the immunodepressant tricort-40, the corticosteroid of prolonged activity. in the series of experiments with the mercy scheme of immunosuppression the inoculation of the amastigotes l. infantum taken out of the donors, the golden hamsters mesocricetus auratus, caused the progressive infection with intensive affection on target organs (the spleen, liver, bone marrow). the s ... | 1994 | 7700686 |
| leishmaniasis of the larynx. | 1995 | 7713487 | |
| [leishmaniasis in karamay. xiv. identification of promastigote isolates from naturally infected phlebotomus major wui]. | phlebotomus major wui, an anthropophilic species, was predominant among sandflies in karamay, xinjiang of china. the females of this species collected in the wild and houses were detected to be infected with promastigotes. three isolates of promastigotes obtained from p. major wui were inoculated intraperitoneally and subcutaneously into normal hamsters or balb/c mice which developed visceral leishmaniasis later. the mean size of amastigotes in hamster viscera (smear observation) artificially in ... | 1994 | 7720197 |
| developmentally regulated expression of a novel 59-kda product of the major surface protease (msp or gp63) gene family of leishmania chagasi. | all species of leishmania express a major surface protease (msp or gp63) that facilitates the interactions of the parasite with its environment at several steps in its life cycle. the msp gene family in leishmania chagasi contains three classes of genes whose mrnas are differentially expressed during parasite growth. logarithmic phase (low infectivity) promastigotes express only 63-kda versions of msp, whereas stationary phase (high infectivity) promastigotes express both 63- and 59-kda msps. th ... | 1995 | 7721796 |
| conservation among old world leishmania species of six physical linkage groups defined in leishmania infantum small chromosomes. | we have characterised 49 dna probes specific for each of the six smallest chromosomes in leishmania infantum and have examined the allocation of these probes in the molecular karyotypes of the other old world leishmania species leishmania donovani, leishmania major, leishmania tropica and leishmania aethiopica. these 49 probes define 6 physical linkage groups in the molecular karyotypes of various strains of l. infantum. 40 of these probes hybridise in the other old world leishmania species and ... | 1995 | 7723776 |
| [leishmaniasis in peninsular spain. a historical-bibliographic review (1912-1985)]. | a bibliographic-historical review of leishmaniasis in spain during the period 1912-1985 is carried out. the bibliographical prospecting has allowed to collect a total of 402 works; out of them only 79 are included in this review. from reading them, it can be deduced that, starting from its discovery in the coast of levante in 1912, leishmaniasis has been a very well known disease in spain, during the first third of our century, period in which a remarkable prevalence took place, as it follows fr ... | 1993 | 7732292 |
| familial aggregation of leishmania chagasi infection in northeastern brazil. | a sample of 1,604 individuals belonging to 243 nuclear families from an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (jacobina, bahia state, brazil) was studied to disclose the intrafamilial pattern of infection. significant father to offspring, mother to offspring, and sibling to sibling associations, in contrast a with nonsignificant father to mother association, clearly indicate a familial aggregation of the infection, with a strong suggestion of at least partial genetic involvement. | 1995 | 7741179 |
| during active viscerocutaneous leishmaniasis the anti-p2 humoral response is specifically triggered by the parasite p proteins. | in this work we show that in the sera from dogs naturally infected with the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum there are antibodies that react specifically against the parasite acidic ribosomal proteins lip2a and lip2b, and that each one of the leishmania p proteins elicits a specific humoral immune response. using synthetic peptides, the antigenic epitope of these proteins has been mapped in a single region located adjacent to the c-terminal domain highly conserved among the eukaryotic p pr ... | 1995 | 7743663 |
| heterogeneity among zymodemes of leishmania infantum from hiv-positive patients with visceral leishmaniasis in south italy. | eleven zymodemes of leishmania infantum were identified among 38 parasite stocks isolated from italian hiv-positive patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl). only one zymodeme is a common agent of mediterranean vl in hiv-negative individuals, five zymodemes usually cause simple, self-resolving cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), and five belong to unique genotypes which have not been previously reported from either vl or cl cases in immunocompetent individuals. this last group of parasites showed rea ... | 1995 | 7744236 |
| intergenic regions between tandem gp63 genes influence the differential expression of gp63 rnas in leishmania chagasi promastigotes. | the major surface protease, gp63, of leishmania chagasi is encoded by 18 or more tandem msp genes that can be grouped into three classes on the basis of their unique 3'-untranslated sequences (3'-utrs) and their differential expression. rnas from the mspls occur predominantly during the logarithmic phase of promastigote growth in vitro, rnas from the mspss are present mainly in stationary phase, and rnas from mspcs occur throughout growth in culture. all three classes of gp63 genes are constitut ... | 1995 | 7744862 |
| leishmania infantum in the himalayas. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was first reported in pakistan over 30 years ago from the remote north-eastern himalayan region. sporadic cases are now widely reported from the northern areas, part of north-west frontier province (nwfp) and punjab province, together with azad jammu and kashmir (ajk). two hundred and thirty-nine cases, mostly young children, have been reported in the last decade; 52% were under 2 years old, and 86% were aged less than 5 years; the male:female ratio was 3:1. in a cros ... | 1995 | 7747300 |
| new leishmania (leishmania) infantum zymodemes responsible for visceral leishmaniasis in patients co-infected with hiv in spain. | 1995 | 7747301 | |
| human pbmc proliferative response to leishmania infantum promastigotes is inhibited by anti-ifn-gamma mab gamma 123. | pbmc from individuals both exposed and non-exposed to leishmaniae proliferative and produce interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) following stimulation with leishmania antigens. we studied the kinetics of the proliferative response of pbmc from non-exposed individuals and from patients recovering from visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum, using heat-killed stationary-phase promastigotes of l. infantum as stimulating agent. the kinetics of both groups followed a similar temporal pattern, with ... | 1995 | 7760757 |
| effect of iron chelation on the in-vitro growth of leishmania promastigotes. | the development of vaccines and drugs to control leishmaniasis is urgently needed. the presence of a leishmania transferrin receptor on the parasite suggests that an adequate supply of iron is needed for the life cycle of leishmania. we have investigated the effect of iron deprivation on the growth of leishmania promastigotes in vitro using an iron chelation approach. all chelators tested reduced the rate of promastigote multiplication in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas referrated ones did not ... | 1995 | 7768775 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis and aids: detection of leishmania infantum antibodies with western blot]. | 1995 | 7779890 | |
| assignment of genes to leishmania infantum chromosomes: karyotype and ploidy. | the use of various pulsed-field electrophoresis methodologies under different conditions allowed us to determine the leishmania infantum karyotype. a total of 25 chromosomal bands ranging in size from 375 to 3300 kb were resolved amounting to a minimum genomic dna mass of about 2.6 x 10(7) pb. by molecular hybridization and on the basis of the karyotype, specific gene sequences could be assigned to particular chromosomes. a bias in the chromosomal distribution of different markers was found sinc ... | 1995 | 7781987 |
| a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis. | 1995 | 7787233 | |
| leishmania-human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the mediterranean basin: isoenzymatic characterization of 100 isolates of the leishmania infantum complex. | isoenzymatic characterization was done on 100 isolates obtained from visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); isolates had been received between 1986 and 1993 at the international leishmania cryobank and identification centre in montpellier, france. electrophoresis was done with 15 isoenzymes using the starch gel technique combined, where appropriate, with isoelectrofocusing. nine leishmania infantum zymodemes were identified; l. infantum zymodeme ... | 1995 | 7797943 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a recombinant leishmania chagasi antigen in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | 1993 | 7802487 | |
| antibodies to leishmania (l) glycolipids and gangliosides in sera of patients with visceral or with zoonotic l. major leishmaniasis. | 1993 | 7802494 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, n. e. brazil: towards a dna probe kit and its adaptation to processing blood-contaminated samples. | the lmet2 chemiluminescent dna probe is a valuable tool for identifying parasites of the leishmania donovani -complex in sand flies, dogs and human samples. recent blood meals in sand flies or blood contamination of tissue samples inhibited probe sensitivity, whether radiolabelled or chemiluminescent detection systems were used. treatment of membranes with protease before hybridisation restored positive signal. alternatively samples could be lysed with protease and applied to membranes with a va ... | 1993 | 7802496 |
| natural infection of phlebotomus perniciosus with mon 72 zymodeme of leishmania infantum in the campania region of italy. | 1994 | 7810389 | |
| reduced longevity and fecundity in leishmania-infected sand flies. | phlebotomus papatasi and p. langeroni were infected with leishmania major and l. infantum by membrane feeding. each sand fly ingested approximately 200 parasites per blood meal. higher mortality in both sand fly species was seen with mixed infections than with a single parasite species. there was no significant difference between infections with either l. major or l. infantum in their natural vectors or experimental hosts. infection significantly depressed the mean number of eggs laid per female ... | 1994 | 7810809 |
| identification of an immunodominant 32-kilodalton membrane protein of leishmania donovani infantum promastigotes suitable for specific diagnosis of mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. | sera from 35 patients suffering from mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (caused by leishmania donovani infantum) and 59 patients with various forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalent in the sub-mediterranean countries (caused by leishmania major, l. donovani infantum, or leishmania tropica) were tested by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with both membrane and soluble antigens prepared from l. donovani infantum parasites. control sera were from healthy children (n ... | 1994 | 7814485 |
| collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 7816308 | |
| [the host-opportunistic protozoa system. the dissemination of leishmania infantum infection in naturally susceptible laboratory animals subjected to drug-induced immunosuppression]. | the possibility to awake the disseminated infection of leishmania infantum in golden hamsters mesocricetus auratus, hispid cotton rats sigmodon hispidus, soft furred rats mastomys natalensis by means of different immunodepressants has been examined. on the background of the immunosuppression caused by corticosteroids of short time activity (metipred, hydrocortison) leishmaniae were revealed both in the target organs (spleen, liver, marrow) and in lungs, in cases of using the corticosteroid of pr ... | 1994 | 7816511 |
| fluorinated analogues of l-ornithine are powerful inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase and cell growth of leishmania infantum promastigotes. | fluorinated analogues of l-ornithine have been tested on growth and ornithine decarboxylase arising from l.infantum cytosolic extracts. ec50 values estimated from dose/response curves were 38 microm, 2.62 microm and 4.64 microm for alpha-dfmo, delta-mfmo and delta-mfmome respectively. also the inhibition produced by all three compounds was effectively reverted by exogenous putrescine, pointing towards the inhibition of l.infantum odc. odc from logarithmic phase cytosolic extracts was physicochem ... | 1995 | 7823781 |
| [the host-opportunistic protozoa system. the dissemination of pneumocystis infection in white rats under the influence of drug-induced and biological immunosuppression]. | the main purpose of the present study is the investigation of relationships of pneumocystis carinii with the organism of white rat wistar, which is natural carrier of this parasite. the series of experiments has shown that the immunosuppressor tricort-40 (corticosteroid of prolonged activity) in a short time reactivates the pneumocystis infection. the parasites have been observed in a great number in the lungs and rarely in the liver. the reactivation and dissemination of the pneumocystis infect ... | 1994 | 7824287 |
| leishmania gymnodactyli and leishmania infantum minicircles contain the same guide rna genes as do minicircles of leishmania tarentolae. | 1994 | 7838177 | |
| exploitation of parasite-derived antigen in therapeutic success against canine visceral leishmaniosis. veterinary group of lupino. | in an attempt to obtain therapeutic success against canine visceral leishmaniosis, the potential of lif2 antigen (leishmania infantum-derived fraction 2, 94-67 kda), given alone or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent n-methylglucamine antimonate, was compared with conventional chemotherapy with that drug. absence of any parasite in direct microscopic examination of bone-marrow aspirates in treated dogs was considered a parasitological cure, i.e. therapeutic success. results showed tha ... | 1994 | 7839561 |
| [leishmaniasis and aids]. | 1994 | 7850196 | |
| mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis in pregnancy. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in pregnancy is rare in mediterranean countries. we report here 2 cases of vl in pregnant women who acquired the infection in italy. in the first case, the disease was diagnosed and treated with liposomal amphotericin b during the pregnancy. in the second case, diagnosis was established and treatment with meglumine antimoniate both undertaken shortly after delivery. the 2 infants were followed clinically and serologically for 8-9 months after birth, but no evidence of ... | 1994 | 7855563 |
| [fixation and immunological reactivity of parasitic protozoa in sol-gel matrices]. | parasitic protozoa have been entrapped within sol-gel silica matrices. stationary phase promastigote cells of leishmania donovani infantum are mixed with a silicon alkoxide solution. they remain trapped within the growing oxide network formed upon hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxide. electron microscopy shows the preservation of the cellular organization and the integrity of the plasma membrane of entrapped parasites. specific antigen-antibody reactions have been performed within the sol ... | 1994 | 7882149 |
| use of the leishmanin skin test and western blot analysis for epidemiological studies in visceral leishmaniasis areas: experience in a highly endemic focus in alpes-maritimes (france). | fifty unselected subjects living in alpes-maritimes, france, a high risk area for visceral leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum, were examined simultaneously by the leishmanin skin test and the western blot technique in 1993; 32% and 38%, respectively, gave a positive reaction. the concordance of the 2 methods was 82%. thus, in this high risk area, a large proportion of inhabitants had been exposed to the parasite. the use of these 2 tests should permit the detection of potential cases of re ... | 1994 | 7886761 |
| inverted repeat structure and homologous sequences in the ld1 amplicons of leishmania spp. | in the parasitic trypanosomatids of the genus leishmania, novel circular (cd) and linear (ld) multicopy genetic elements arise de novo either spontaneously or as a result of drug selection. we report that the ld1 minichromosomes of l. donovani, l. major and l. mexicana (ranging in size from 180 to 230 kb) have an inverted repeat structure and contain homologous sequences located at similar distances from the telomere; one half of the chromosome being the mirror image of the other. they must ther ... | 1994 | 7891749 |
| the leishmania infantum histone h3 possesses an extremely divergent n-terminal domain. | the isolation of a leishmania cdna clone coding for an antigen identified as the histone h3 is described. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna predicts that the leishmania histone h3 contains 129 residues and that it has a molecular mass of 14,620 da. comparison of the amino acid sequence with the consensus sequence of the eukaryotic histone h3 shows that the leishmania protein has a highly conserved globular region and an extremely divergent amino-terminal portion. | 1994 | 7918653 |
| cleavable complex formation in leishmania chagasi treated with anilinoacridines. | anilinoacridines have recently been found to possess antiparasitic activity toward leishmania, trypanosoma, and plasmodium species. these compounds have been examined for their ability to generate cleavable complex, the protein-associated dna lesion characteristic of topoisomerase ii involvement, in intact l. chagasi promastigotes. at cytotoxic concentrations, anilinoacridine compounds give cleavable complex in a whole cell assay which suggests that the drugs affect a nuclear topoisomerase ii in ... | 1994 | 7935616 |
| [detection of leishmanias in peripheral blood]. | 1994 | 7940058 | |
| modulation of the low-affinity ige fc receptor (fc epsilon rii/cd23) by leishmania chagasi. | mature b lymphocytes and macrophages express low-affinity receptors for ige (cd23 or fc epsilon rii), a multifunctional molecule involved in ige regulation, b cell growth and antigen presentation. we studied the effect of the protozoan leishmania chagasi on cd23 expression using a model of early disease. murine and human b cells, b cell lines, and a macrophage cell line incubated in vitro with the promastigote (pm) form of l. chagasi showed a selective loss of cd23 expression as detected by mabs ... | 1994 | 7947462 |
| a frequently amplified region in leishmania contains a gene conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | a 27.5-kb sequence that is present in an approx. 2-mb chromosome in leishmania also occurs as an inverted dimer in a multicopy, 55-kb circular molecule (ld1) in leishmania infantum itmap263. sequence analysis of a 7100-bp cloned segment from the circular molecule revealed three open reading frames (orfs). the orfs are likely to have protein coding function by a number of criteria, including northern blot analyses. the amino acid (aa) sequences deduced from two orfs showed no similarity to other ... | 1994 | 7958944 |
| structural organisation of microsatellite families in the leishmania genome and polymorphisms at two (ca)n loci. | in the present study, we have analysed the frequency and distribution of several microsatellite dnas [(ca)n, (ggt)n and (gca)n] in the genome of leishmania. hybridisation analysis on the molecular karyotypes of different leishmania strains showed the presence of these three microsatellites on all chromosomes of the parasite. the number of microsatellite clusters appeared grossly similar among strains from different old world complexes. however, these three microsatellite families showed an uneve ... | 1994 | 7969268 |
| canine leishmaniasis: clinical, parasitological and entomological follow-up after chemotherapy. | six naturally infected dogs [two with no signs of leishmaniasis ('asymptomatic'), two with a few signs ('oligosymptomatic') and two with many signs ('polysymptomatic')] were studied before and after chemotherapy. another two, non-infected dogs were kept as controls. the dogs were studied clinically, haematologically and parasitologically five times over 11 months and their infectivity to sandflies was evaluated before and after the treatment. the 'asymptomatic' dogs were as infective to sandflie ... | 1994 | 7979624 |
| an amplified dna element in leishmania encodes potential integral membrane and nucleotide-binding proteins. | ld1 is a 27.5-kb sequence that occurs in an approx. 2.2-mb chromosome in all species and strains of leishmania. in leishmania infantum mhom/bl/67/itmap263, ld1 is also present as an inverted dimeric repeat in multicopy, 55-kb circular molecules. sequence analysis of a 7873-nt segment derived from the circular dna reveals 4 open reading frames (orfs) with potential protein coding function. one orf predicts a protein with an atp/gtp binding site motif. another orf predicts a protein with 10-12 pot ... | 1994 | 7984172 |
| growth inhibition of trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani infantum by different snake venoms: preliminary identification of proteins from cerastes cerastes venom which interact with the parasites. | venom from three different snake species was tested in vitro against the protozoan parasites trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani infantum. two of them, cerastes cerastes and naja haje, exerted a significant growth inhibition of t. cruzi and l. d. infantum parasites. heating of the venoms abolished their activity, suggesting that the active factors are thermolabile. incubation of parasites with 125i-labelled c. cerastes venom proteins allowed preliminary identification of components which i ... | 1994 | 7985193 |