Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| hexadecylphosphocholine: oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in mice. | hexadecylphosphocholine (he-pc), a novel phospholipid derivative, was tested against leishmania donovani and leishmania infantum, the causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis. in vitro, promastigotes were highly susceptible to he-pc; the 50% inhibitory concentrations were between 0.89 and 2.25 micrograms/ml for the different leishmanial strains. in vivo, a marked antileishmanial activity in infected balb/c mice could be demonstrated after oral administration of he-pc. whereas parasite suppress ... | 1992 | 1329624 |
| a kinetoplast dna probe diagnostic for leishmania infantum. | a 196 bp fragment of cloned kinetoplast (k) dna of leishmania infantum has been sequenced and shown to be diagnostic for this species. the dna from 10(4)-10(5) promastigotes was routinely and specifically detected in crude dot blots of whole cells lysed in situ, and there was no cross-hybridization with 10(6) cells of l. major, l. tropica, l. killicki, l. aethiopica, l. braziliensis and l. mexicana. a low degree of hybridization was found with l. donovani and l. chagasi. this probe will be of pa ... | 1992 | 1331940 |
| case for the panel. visceral leishmaniasis: i. unusual interrelationships between immature erythrocytes and both parasites and mature erythrocytes. | 1992 | 1332239 | |
| antileishmanial drug targeting through glycosylated polymers specifically internalized by macrophage membrane lectins. | antileishmanial chemotherapy is hampered by the location of the parasite within the phagolysosome of the macrophage, which restricts the bioavailability of many potentially useful antileishmanial drugs. in this study, the possibility of using antileishmanial drugs targeted to the infected macrophages by means of a chemical linkage to a neutral mannose-substituted poly-l-lysine carrier molecule was explored. the study was performed in an in vitro model with leishmania donovani-infected murine mac ... | 1992 | 1332591 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of leishmania kinetoplast dna from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients. | following sequence analysis of a leishmania donovani kinetoplast dna (kdna) minicircle, we have developed synthetic oligonucleotides for use in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). with these primers, we have amplified l. donovani kdna from splenic aspirates and blood samples taken from kala-azar patients. treatment of the samples for pcr requires only limited dna purification by lysis in sds, digestion with proteinase k, phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation of the resulting nucleic acid. ... | 1992 | 1333582 |
| kala azar--diagnostic dilemma. | 1992 | 1334051 | |
| detection of circulating antigen by mcab-ast for evaluating the efficacy of anti-leishmania chemotherapy. | we have adapted the simple and sensitive mcab-antigen spot test (ast) for evaluating the efficacy of anti-leishmania chemotherapy. serum samples from 37 kala-azar patients were tested by mcab-ast, and all showed definite positive reactions before treatment. after a course of antimony treatment, 20 turned negative, coupled with the disappearance of clinical symptoms; another 12 cases responded with weak positivity accompanied by an improvement of clinical manifestations; and the remaining 5 antim ... | 1992 | 1337480 |
| [kala-azar acquired in croatia]. | six weeks after his return from a two-week vacation in croatia a 52 year-old janitor from graz complained of loss of appetite, fever, headache, and a 9-kg weight loss. the spleen was enlarged to 16cm as measured by sonography. laboratory tests revealed pancytopenia, a prolonged prothrombin time and elevation of serum ldh concentration. while repeated bone marrow biopsy showed no signs of leishmaniasis, high antibody titers against leishmania antigen led to the diagnosis of kala-azar. the indirec ... | 1992 | 1337639 |
| amplification and molecular cloning of the ornithine decarboxylase gene of leishmania donovani. | a strain of leishmania donovani has been described that is resistant to dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (od-case) activity, and contains 15-fold greater amounts of odcase activity and protein than the wild type strain from which it was derived (coons, t., hanson, s., bitonti, a.j., mccann, p.p., and ullman, b. (1990) mol. biochem. pharmacol. 39, 77-90). from this mutant strain, another odcase overproducing l. donovani strain, dfmo16, was generated ... | 1992 | 1339439 |
| lymphatic leishmaniasis. | 1992 | 1341896 | |
| evidence of leishmania donovani infection in household members residing with visceral leishmaniasis patients. | 1992 | 1344960 | |
| microscopic agglutination test in detection of leishmania donovani antibodies. | 1992 | 1344961 | |
| altered course of visceral leishmaniasis in mice expressing transgenic i-e molecules. | previous studies had shown that the outcome of infection with leishmania donovani was exquisitely sensitive to the influence of the major histocompatibility complex. in this study, we have examined the course of infection in non-obese diabetic (nod) and nod-e-3 mice, the latter expressing an i-e molecule as a result of transgenic introduction of the wild-type ed alpha gene. introduction of this transgene significantly altered the course of infection allowing for enhanced parasite multiplication ... | 1992 | 1347011 |
| immunologic markers of clinical evolution in children recently infected with leishmania donovani chagasi. | the study attempted to identify immunologic markers for progression of leishmania donovani chagasi infection to disease in children in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (vl). [3h]thymidine uptake of lymphocytes stimulated with l. donovani chagasi antigen from children with asymptomatic infection (25,286 +/- 11,648) and from children with self-healing subclinical infection (15,511 +/- 4681) was greater (p = .001) than that observed with lymphocytes from children who progressed to classic ... | 1992 | 1347057 |
| multidrug resistance in leishmania donovani is conferred by amplification of a gene homologous to the mammalian mdr1 gene. | drug resistance is a major impediment to the effective treatment of parasitic diseases. the role of multidrug resistance (mdr) genes and their products in this drug resistance phenomenon, however, remains controversial. in order to determine whether mdr gene amplification and overexpression can be connected to a multidrug resistance phenotype in parasitic protozoa, a mutant strain of leishmania donovani was generated by virtue of its ability to proliferate in medium containing increasing concent ... | 1992 | 1350325 |
| two syntopic zymodemes of leishmania infantum cause human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in the naples area, italy. | 1992 | 1356308 | |
| stable amplification of a linear extrachromosomal dna in mycophenolic acid-resistant leishmania donovani. | pulsed field gel electrophoretic analysis of chromosomes of mpa100 cells, a strain of leishmania donovani that possesses an approx. 15-fold amplified imp dehydrogenase (impdh) gene copy number, revealed a new 280-kb extrachromosomal dna, impdh-280, that was not present in wild type parental cells. southern blots of these pulsed field gels revealed that the vast majority of the amplified impdh genes were localized on impdh-280. in addition to the 700-kb wild type chromosome, the impdh probe also ... | 1992 | 1359409 |
| an in vitro model for screening antileishmanial drugs: the human leukaemia monocyte cell line, thp-1. | standard anti-leishmanial drugs were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of intracellular amastigotes of leishmania aethiopica, l. donovani and l. infantum in the human leukemia monocyte thp-1 cell line. sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate were active against l. donovani with ed50 values of 8.9 micrograms sbv/ml and 2.9 micrograms sbv/ml, respectively. l. aethiopica was less sensitive to sodium stibogluconate with an ed50 value of 25.3 micrograms sbv/ml while pentamidine h ... | 1992 | 1359751 |
| three distinct rnas for the surface protease gp63 are differentially expressed during development of leishmania donovani chagasi promastigotes to an infectious form. | leishmania sp. protozoa contain an abundant surface protease (gp63) that is important for the virulence of the parasite. we found that the average amount of gp63 expressed by leishmania donovani chagasi promastigotes increases 6-11-fold as they develop from a less infectious form in logarithmic phase to a highly infectious form during stationary phase of cultivation in vitro. the predominant gp63 rna switches from a 2.7 to a 3.0 kilobase (kb) rna during the transition from log to stationary phas ... | 1992 | 1370484 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoconjugate expressed by developing neurons. | in search of new markers for studying thymic and nervous system ontogeny, we raised rat monoclonal antibodies against glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecules among which larger groupings have been shown to be ectoenzymes and adhesion molecules. two of these monoclonal antibodies (h193-4 and h194-563, igg) were found to recognize glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoconjugates of 28-33 kda (p31) and 50-70 kda in developing mouse brain and thymus respectively, when these tissues we ... | 1992 | 1370935 |
| gamma delta t cells and the immune response in visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, is a disease of high morbidity associated with hepatosplenomegaly, hypergammaglobulinemia, fever and death. one of the immunological hallmarks of vl is a remarkable increase in serum immunoglobulin levels as a result of polyclonal b cell activation. this study demonstrated that t lymphocytes expressing the t cell receptors (tcr) gamma delta in association with cd3 molecules are increased in circulation of patients w ... | 1992 | 1374336 |
| ca2+ transport by digitonin-permeabilized leishmania donovani. effects of ca2+, pentamidine and wr-6026 on mitochondrial membrane potential in situ. | the use of low concentrations of digitonin allowed the quantitative determination of the mitochondrial membrane potential of leishmania donovani promastigotes in situ using safranine o. l. donovani mitochondria were able to build up and retain a membrane potential of a value comparable with that of mammalian mitochondria. the response of promastigotes mitochondrial membrane potential to phosphate, carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (fccp), valinomycin and ca2+ indicates that th ... | 1992 | 1376113 |
| mapping of a visceral leishmaniasis-specific immunodominant b-cell epitope of leishmania donovani hsp70. | we have shown that a member of the 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70) family is a major target of the humoral immune response during leishmania donovani infection. a recombinant fusion protein was recognized by sera from 92% (35 of 38) of patients with visceral leishmaniasis, including representatives from each of the major regions where it is endemic. serological analysis of recombinant hsp70, expressed by a series of deletion constructs, identified the carboxy-terminal region as the immunodomin ... | 1992 | 1377180 |
| inhibition of macrophage protein kinase c-mediated protein phosphorylation by leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | the cell surface lipophosphoglycan (lpg) from leishmania donovani promastigotes is a potent inhibitor of purified protein kinase c (pkc) activity in vitro. in this study, we have investigated the effect of lpg on the activation process of pkc in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. the extent and kinetics of calcium ionophore a23187-induced [3h] phorbol dibutyrate binding to macrophages were not affected by lpg pretreatment or infection with either wild-type or lpg-deficient promastigotes, in ... | 1992 | 1383336 |
| immunobiological studies on experimental visceral leishmaniasis. ii. adherent cell-mediated down-regulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity response and up-regulation of b cell activation. | visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar is characterized by a variety of immunopathological consequences in man. the most remarkable of these are the depression of cell-mediated immunity and polyclonal b cell activation. the consequences observed in man could be induced in a murine model by inoculating the causative agent, leishmania donovani. the cell-mediated response was studied in this murine model in terms of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response toward leishmania antigen in a progre ... | 1992 | 1386313 |
| allosteric modulation of leishmania donovani plasma membrane ca(2+)-atpase by endogenous calmodulin. | the plasma membrane of the human pathogen leishmania donovani possesses a high-affinity transmembrane ca(2+)-atpase that has its catalytic site oriented toward the cytoplasmic milieu (ghosh, j., ray, m., sarkar, s., and bhaduri, a. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265, 11345-11351). when the enzyme is studied in its more authentic, physiologically relevant, membrane-associated form, it exhibits pronounced sigmoidal kinetics with ca2+ (k0.5 approximately 700 nm) in a trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-n,n,n',n'-t ... | 1992 | 1388152 |
| histopathology of lymphoid organs in experimental leishmaniasis. | hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) were inoculated with l. (l.) chagasi and killed on days 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 after infection. the lymphoid organs developed initial proliferation of the b lymphocyte zone with recovery by the 60th day group when pyroninophilic cells were prominent. the t lymphocyte area showed a progressive selective decrease of lymphocytes and cellular density with cellular pleomorphism including macrophages, plasma cells and reticular cells. the mean volume of the white pulp inc ... | 1992 | 1390190 |
| protozoan infections and hiv-1 infection: a review. | reactivation of latent infection is the principal mechanism relating toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii to hiv. less common is reactivation in leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and microsporidian infections. an impaired primary immune response occurs in all these infections, and also with cryptosporidium and isospora belli. association of hiv infection with gut parasites including giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, and also with trichomonas vaginalis infection is likely to ... | 1992 | 1396192 |
| leishmania donovani infection in scid mice: lack of tissue response and in vivo macrophage activation correlates with failure to trigger natural killer cell-derived gamma interferon production in vitro. | infection of immunocompetent mice with leishmania donovani is characterized by the development of a tissue granulomatous response, in vivo macrophage activation, and a predominantly th1-type cd4+ t-cell response. to determine whether a recently described t-cell-independent pathway of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production involving the collaboration of macrophages and natural killer (nk) cells contributed to this pattern of events, we have investigated the responses of scid mice to l. donovani ... | 1992 | 1398944 |
| recombinant interleukin-1 alpha augments granuloma formation and cytokine production but not parasite clearance in mice infected with leishmania donovani. | in vivo administration of various doses of recombinant interleukin-1 alpha to b10.d2/n mice chronically infected with leishmania donovani resulted in enhanced formation of granulomas and in vitro production of gamma interferon. by direct microscopical enumeration, reduction in gross parasite burden in the viscera was not observed, however. these data highlight an important discordance between granuloma formation per se and parasite elimination and suggest that interleukin-1 deficiency alone cann ... | 1992 | 1398954 |
| treatment of murine macrophages with interferon-gamma inhibits their ability to bind leishmania promastigotes. | the binding of leishmania promastigotes to macrophages pretreated with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) was compared to binding to untreated (resident) cells. ifn-gamma-treated macrophages bound fewer leishmania promastigotes than did untreated cells. the decreased binding was apparent over a wide dose range of parasite inocula when the assays were performed in the absence of exogenous complement. this decrease was specific to leishmania, since treated and untreated macrophages bound comparable amou ... | 1992 | 1402387 |
| leishmania infantum mon-98 isolated from naturally infected phlebotomus langeroni (diptera: psychodidae) in el agamy, egypt. | leishmania infantum zymodeme mon-98 was isolated in el agamy, egypt. a total of 15 (1.07%) leishmania-like infections in the anterior midgut and in the head was found in 1,405 phlebotomus langeroni (nitzulescu); none of 1,785 phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) was found infected. four of the 15 cultures (26.7%) were indistinguishable from a reference l. infantum mon-98 strain using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. the isolation and identification of l. infantum mon-98 from naturally infected p. la ... | 1992 | 1404272 |
| visceral leishmaniasis with cysticercosis. | a chest wall nodule in a boy with relapsed proven kala-azar was found to contain a cysticercus. in the fibrous wall with lymphohistiocytic aggregates were mononuclear phagocytes containing amastigotes of l. donovani. | 1992 | 1404555 |
| detection of leishmania antigen in kala azar patients using monoclonal antibodies. | twenty-one monoclonal antibodies were produced against promastigote antigens of leishmania donovani. five monoclonal antibodies (hyb.17, 6, 5, 4 and 2) identifying molecules associated with various l. donovani antigenic determinants ranging from 42-116 kda were selected as 'capture antibodies' and compared with specific anti-leishmania antisera for detection of circulating leishmania antigens in kala azar patients' sera in a competitive-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system (elisa). the anti- ... | 1992 | 1406366 |
| macrophage activation by polymeric nanoparticles of polyalkylcyanoacrylates: activity against intracellular leishmania donovani associated with hydrogen peroxide production. | nanoparticles of polyalkylcyanoacrylates (paca) can be useful carrier for the targeting of antileishmanial drugs into macrophages and also possess significant antileishmanial activity by themselves. no significant difference in antileishmanial activity could be detected between nanoparticles of five pacas with differing alkyl side chains, suggesting that the main degradation products of paca are not involved in their antileishmanial action. the effect of polyisohexylcyanoacrylate (pihca) on the ... | 1992 | 1409361 |
| leishmanin reaction in the human population of a highly endemic focus of canine leishmaniasis in alpes-maritimes, france. | the reactivity of the human population was studied in the village of l'abadie, a suburban focus of canine leishmaniasis (17% of dogs seropositive in 1985); 237 subjects were tested in 1989. the total positive rate was 30%. a higher proportion of positive skin tests was obtained in the 61-70 years age group (62%) than in the younger groups. the proportion of positive tests also increased with the duration of living in this locality (22% for less than 5 years; 66% for more than 21 years). these da ... | 1992 | 1412644 |
| activity of amphotericin b cholesterol dispersion (amphocil) in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | standard therapy of human visceral leishmaniasis with parenteral pentavalent antimonial agents is generally curative but has the disadvantages of a 28-day treatment course, occasional treatment failures, and toxicity. the antifungal and antileishmanial agent amphotericin b has been complexed with lipids to develop a less toxic formulation of amphotericin b. because lipid particles are phagocytized by the reticuloendothelial system, lipid-associated amphotericin b should be concentrated in infect ... | 1992 | 1416890 |
| the significance of serum soluble il-2 receptor as a marker for active visceral leishmaniasis in sicilian patients. | sera from nine sicilian patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (leishmania donovani infantum; vl), at the moment of the diagnosis, during the course of the disease and after clinical recovery, were analysed for the concentration of soluble il-2 receptor (sil-2r). the results show that sil-2r is a marker of disease activity, since it is in high concentration at the beginning of infection and returns to the normal range following successful chemotherapy. at the same time of serum analysis ... | 1992 | 1424277 |
| acid phosphatase activity of promastigotes of leishmania donovani: a marker of virulence. | seven cloned lines of promastigotes of leishmania donovani (ur 6) were isolated by limiting dilution. one clone, ur6-c25, failed to multiply inside the macrophages of line j774g8 and thus was labelled as avirulent. another, ur6-c24, multiplied inside macrophages, had a virulence index as high as 93 +/- 9.8 and was thus labelled as highly virulent. the other five clones had variable degree of virulence indices ranging from 46.4 +/- 5.8 to 67.6 +/- 3.5. no significant difference in the degrees of ... | 1992 | 1426984 |
| [the serological examination of the population for leishmaniasis and the detection of leishmania in rodents in the republic of guinea]. | a serological study on leishmaniasis in human population of guinea revealed the percentage of seropositive persons varying in different parts of the country from 0.84 to 4.76 (according to c-elisa) and from 1.0 to 5.1 (according to ifat). the majority of sera positively reacting in c-elisa with the antigen of leishmania major in dilutions of 1:800 and higher were received from kundara district (northwestern part of the country), and with the antigen of l. donovani sensu lato from sigiri and kank ... | 1992 | 1435540 |
| a multicopy, extrachromosomal dna in leishmania infantum contains two inverted repeats of the 27.5-kilobase ld1 sequence and encodes numerous transcripts. | leishmania dna 1 (ld1) is a 27.5-kb sequence that occurs as an inverted repeat in a 55-kb multicopy, circular dna in leishmania infantum itmap263. the sequence is also found with a different genomic organization, possibly a tandem array, within a 1.5-mb chromosome in all leishmania isolates. about 26 stable transcripts of ld1 sequence, ranging from 0.6 to 15 kb, are found in itmap263. transcripts were detected from both strands of the entire ld1 sequence, but the inverted repeat nature of the ci ... | 1992 | 1435875 |
| molecular characterization of two genes encoding members of the glucose transporter superfamily in the parasitic protozoan leishmania donovani. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to clone two genes from leishmania donovani, each of which encodes a member of a superfamily of membrane transporters which include the mammalian facilitative glucose transporters. one of these transporters, designated d2, is similar in sequence and overall structural features to a previously cloned leishmania transporter pro-1. both d2 and pro-1 are developmentally regulated genes which are expressed primarily in the insect stage of the parasite life cycle ... | 1992 | 1435876 |
| dynamics and size polymorphisms of minichromosomes in leishmania major lv-561 cloned lines. | various lines and cloned lines of leishmania major of varying degrees of virulence in balb/c mice possessed size polymorphic multicopy minichromosomes related to previously described ld1/cd1 and 715-class dnas of leishmania. the minichromosomes were not necessary for virulence. two of these dnas (m180 and m210), coexisting in a single cloned line, showed remarkable dynamics in terms of loss or gain when followed through multiple transfers during in vitro culture and in vivo passage in balb/c mic ... | 1992 | 1435877 |
| epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: prevalence, incidence and basic reproduction number calculated from a cross-sectional serological survey on the island of gozo, malta. | assessment of the resilience of canine leishmaniasis to control or, more ambitiously, the effort needed to eradicate infection, requires an estimate of the basic case reproduction number (r0). this paper applies the theoretical results of hasibeder, dye & carpenter (1992) to data from a cross-sectional survey on the maltese island of gozo in which dogs of known age, sex and occupation (pet, guard etc) were subjected to three different serological tests for the presence of specific antibody (ifat ... | 1992 | 1437274 |
| detection and quantitation of cell-surface sugar receptor(s) of leishmania donovani by application of neoglycoenzymes. | promastigote culture forms of the log growth phase of leishmania donovani stock lrc l 51 were investigated for expression of cell-surface carbohydrate-binding sites using 15 types of a chemically glycosylated enzyme termed neoglycoenzyme. carbohydrate conjugation and coupling yield were kept constant to ensure that the type of carbohydrate moiety was the only variable feature of the applied tools. para-aminophenyl derivatives of the following carbohydrate residues were used for the glycosylation ... | 1992 | 1438141 |
| identification of leishmania from mucosal leishmaniasis by recombinant dna probes. | three cases of mucosal leishmaniasis are described. parasites isolated from mucosal lesions were identified by southern blot analysis of their genomic deoxyribonucleic acids (dnas) using recombinant dna probe pdk20. parasites from 2 patients were identified as leishmania donovani s.l. one of the patients had pure mucosal lesions, while in the second patient there was dissemination of the parasite to other organs. the spectrum of the disease caused by l. donovani is discussed. the parasite from t ... | 1992 | 1440775 |
| hiv-leishmania co-infections in italy. isoenzyme characterization of leishmania causing visceral leishmaniasis in hiv patients. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection are dramatically increasing in mediterranean countries such as spain, france and italy. a study has been carried out to characterize biochemically the agents of typical or unusual vl in subjects with hiv infection and to compare results with those obtained so far from vl and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) infections in hiv negative subjects. twelve leishmania stocks were isolated from 8 hiv patient ... | 1992 | 1440776 |
| epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in southern sudan: identity and systematic position of the parasites from patients and vectors. | twenty-five strains of leishmania donovani isolated from humans and phlebotomus orientalis in an epidemic area of southern sudan were shown to belong to 3 very similar zymodemes: mon 18 (11 strains), mon 30 (1 strain) and mon 82 (13 strains). the 3 zymodemes are very closely related and seem to behave as a single population. | 1992 | 1440811 |
| unstable amplification of two extrachromosomal elements in alpha-difluoromethylornithine-resistant leishmania donovani. | we describe the first example of unstable gene amplification consisting of linear extrachromosomal dnas in drug-resistant eukaryotic cells. alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo)-resistant leishmania donovani with an amplified ornithine decarboxylase (odc) gene copy number contained two new extrachromosomal dnas, both present in 10 to 20 copies. one of these was a 140-kb linear dna (odc140-l) on which all of the amplified copies of the odc gene were located. the second was a 70-kb circular dna (od ... | 1992 | 1448081 |
| identification of leishmania donovani isolates from different kala-azar foci in china by kdna hybridization. | kdna sequence homology of leishmania donovani isolates from three types of kala-azar foci in china were analyzed by using dot and southern hybridization with biotin- and 32p-labelled probes. the results revealed kdna sequence heterogeneity among leishmania donovani isolates from the three kala-azar foci: sequence homology between isolates of hill and desert foci was higher than that between hill and plain foci isolates. the kdna hybridization technique was also found to be specific and sensitive ... | 1992 | 1450394 |
| peripheral intramonocytic leishmanias in an aids patient. | intramonocytic leishmanias were unexpectedly observed in blood smears of a spanish aids patient. in immunodepressed patients from exposed countries, careful microscopic examination of blood smears should be requested by the clinician in cases of prolonged fever, and biologists must be informed that leishmanias may be fortuitously observed in the peripheral blood. | 1992 | 1452718 |
| effect of five-membered heterocycles against leishmania donovani infection. | impact of change of heteroatom in pentavalent heterocycles, viz., pyrroles, isoxazoles, imidazoles and crotonates on the profile of antileishmanial activity against amastigotes of l. donovani using in vivo test system and macrophage-amastigote culture system has been studied. sixty-three compounds were tested. nine imidazoles showed marginal activity in vivo, whereas 3 out of 10 compounds of isoxazolone series and 2 out of 4 substituted aminocrotonates exhibited antileishmanial activity. of the ... | 1992 | 1459637 |
| impairment of growth of leishmania donovani by trypanosoma brucei during co-culture. | cells of leishmania donovani in co-culture with trypanosoma brucei, were severely affected in their growth, resulting in swelling and subsequent lysis. similar effects were also observed when crithidia luciliae or phytomonas sp. were co-cultured with t. brucei. direct contact between the cells under investigation and t. brucei was necessary because t. brucei did not hamper the growth of the other trypanosomatids, when separated by a filter with 0.2 microns pore size. examination of this phenomen ... | 1992 | 1461680 |
| identification of phlebotomine sandfly bloodmeals from baringo district, kenya, by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to identify the sources of bloodmeals in phlebotomine sandflies from baringo district, rift valley province, kenya. some bloodmeals had been stored for over 4 years before being analysed. among 356 sandflies identified, 62.9% were phlebotomus martini, 14.8% sergentomyia antennatus, 10% s.schwetzi, 6% s.clydei, 1.9% s.adleri, 1.6% p.duboscqi, 1.4% s.africanus and 0.8% s.bedfordi. out of 224 p.martini bloodmeals, host source was identified ... | 1992 | 1463906 |
| serodiagnosis and screening of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of corsica: applicability of a direct agglutination test and immunoblot analysis. | for effective control of visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum in the mediterranean area, the detection of infected dogs is of utmost importance. to assess the suitability of a direct agglutination test (dat) and immunoblot analysis in serodiagnosis and screening of infected dogs under field conditions, a study was performed on 113 dogs in an endemic area of corsica. twenty one of 22 parasitologically confirmed cases were correctly diagnosed by both tests, and 100% specificity was ... | 1992 | 1471734 |
| synergism in vitro of lovastatin and miconazole as anti-leishmanial agents. | the antifungal drug miconazole and the cholesterol-lowering agent lovastatin (mevinolin) were used in combination to assess their potency as anti-leishmanial agents. the drug combination was synergistic, being more potent in terms of inhibition of promastigote proliferation, macrophage infection and amastigote numbers. in promastigote cultures the effect was more marked in leishmania amazonensis than l. donovani. analysis of the sterol compositions of both promastigote and amastigote cultures re ... | 1992 | 1472085 |
| glucose transport in crithidia luciliae. | the glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-d-glucose, was used to characterise the glucose transport system in crithidia luciliae choanomastigotes. uptake was temperature dependent with a q10 of 2, and saturable with a km of 0.22 mm and vmax of 5.5 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1 at 23 degrees c. preloaded cells showed rapid exchange of intracellular 2-deoxy-d-glucose when incubated with extracellular d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose but little exchange with l-glucose. the substrate specificity of the uptake was stu ... | 1992 | 1474988 |
| identification and partial characterization of a lipophosphoglycan from a pathogenic strain of entamoeba histolytica. | an acidic glycoconjugate could be extracted from a delipidated residue fraction of [3h]galactose, [3h]mannose or [32p]orthophosphate metabolically labeled entamoeba histolytica with water/ethanol/diethylether/pyridine/nh4oh (15:15:5:1:0.017). the radioactively labeled glycoconjugate comprised 50-55% of the total [3h]galactose label incorporated into macromolecules. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radiolabeled glycoconjugate showed two diffuse smears centering aro ... | 1992 | 1474994 |
| sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis in north tunisia: identification of the causative agent as leishmania infantum by the use of a diagnostic deoxyribonucleic acid probe. | a diagnostic kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probe has been used to identify as leishmania infantum amastigotes taken from the lesions (in dermal fluid or lesion triturates) of 7 of 8 patients suffering from sporadic cutaneous leishmaniasis in north tunisia. all 8 isolates were very difficult to culture but, subsequently, sufficient parasites of one isolate have been grown for isoenzyme typing, and were identified as zymodeme mon 24 of l. infantum. the advantages of using recombinant dna ... | 1992 | 1475816 |
| leishmania infecting man and wild animals in saudi arabia. 9. the black rat (rattus rattus) a probable reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis in gizan province, south-west saudi arabia. | twenty-two black rats (rattus rattus) were captured in houses where parasitologically confirmed cases of human visceral leishmaniasis had been recorded in al-arda emara, gizan province, south-west saudi arabia. four of the rats were found to be infected with leishmania; isoenzyme characterization showed that 3 were infected with l. donovani sensu lato zymodeme lon42 and the fourth with l. infantum zymodeme lon49. l. donovani s.l. lon42 has also been isolated from human visceral leishmaniasis pat ... | 1992 | 1475818 |
| isolation of leishmania infantum from the blood of a patient with aids using sandflies. | 1992 | 1475819 | |
| teaching cases from the royal marsden hospital. case 5: a child with fever, hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenia. | 1992 | 1477654 | |
| immunostimulant activity of picroliv, the iridoid glycoside fraction of picrorhiza kurroa, and its protective action against leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. | picroliv, a standardised fraction from root and rhizome of picrorhiza kurroa, consisting of iridoid glycosides and shown to be responsible for its hepatoprotective activity, was studied for immunostimulant activity. oral administration of picroliv (10 mg/kg x 7 days) in mice prior to immunization with sheep red blood cells (srbc) resulted in a significant increase in haemagglutinating antibody (ha) titre, plaque forming cells (pfc), and delayed hypersensitivity (dth) response to srbc. picroliv e ... | 1992 | 1484891 |
| pathological changes in kidneys of dogs with natural leishmania infection. | a study was made of the nephropathy in canine leishmaniasis produced in ten adult dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum. renal function analyses were performed (uraemia, creatinaemia, plasma proteins, biochemistry and urinary sediment), the humoral immune response (fluorescent antibodies and levels of serum igg, igm and iga) was assessed and histopathological studies were carried out. correlation of the results showed acute renal insufficiency which was reversible in two animals (endo ... | 1992 | 1485420 |
| ion transport in parasitic protozoa. | many parasitic protozoa go through complex life cycles in the course of which they adapt to widely different environments; ion transport processes are expected to play a role both in pathogenicity and in adaptation. so far, studies on ion transport have been virtually limited to leishmania, plasmodium and entamoeba. the distribution of ion pumps in the former two organisms generally appears to conform to the picture established for other protozoa, i.e. a proton-motive p-atpase in the plasma memb ... | 1992 | 1491229 |
| leishmania major and leishmania donovani: effect of lpg-containing and lpg-deficient strains on monocyte chemotaxis and chemiluminescence. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is a major glycolipid present on the membrane of leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes. we have previously shown that preincubation of peripheral blood monocytes with purified lpg inhibits il-1 production, chemotactic locomotion, and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (ldcl). in the present study we tested the effect of lpg present on live parasites on monocyte activity. for this purpose, we used two mutant strains deficient in lpg and two lpg-containing strains. one ... | 1992 | 1493876 |
| leishmania tarentolae taxonomic relatedness inferred from phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene. | the sequence of the leishmania tarentolae ssu rrna (small subunit or 18s rrna) gene was completely determined from 2 different strains and used to determine phylogenetic relationships between this organism and other trypanosomatids. extensive structural similarities were observed between l. tarentolae and mammalian leishmanias the ssu rrna. phylogenetic reconstructions, using distance matrix or parsimony methods, showed large evolutionary distances between trypanosomes, either african and americ ... | 1992 | 1501631 |
| cloning of the gene encoding leishmania donovani s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, a potential target for antiparasitic chemotherapy. | a full-length gene encoding the s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (adohcyase) enzyme has been isolated from a genomic library of leishmania donovani dna in lambda gem-11 by cross-hybridization to the full-length human adohcyase cdna. the nucleotide sequence of the sali fragment contained a single open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 438 amino acids (47,712 da). after maximum gap alignment, the predicted amino acid sequence of the leishmanial adohcyase was 70-73% identical to adohcyase ... | 1992 | 1501636 |
| utilization of a carbohydrate reserve comprised primarily of mannose by leishmania donovani. | promastigotes from late log phase and 3-day stationary phase cultures of leishmania donovani were collected, washed in buffer, and the cell pellet was treated with boiling koh. a putative carbohydrate storage material was then precipitated and washed in ethanol/libr. this material did not liberate glucose when treated with amyloglucosidase, indicating that it was not glycogen. acid hydrolysis released a hexose which was identified as mannose by several criteria. considerably more of this mannan- ... | 1992 | 1501639 |
| in vitro experimental antileishmanial potential of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, disodium salt. | leishmania donovani promastigotes (nlb 065) were treated to various concentrations of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (edta), disodium salt for 7 days. concentrations of up to 1.0 mg/ml produced no significant reduction in the population of leishmania promastigotes cultured in rpmi 1640 medium supplemented with 15% foetal calf serum and incubated at 27 degrees c (p greater than 0.05). concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml edta did not significantly affect the viability of balb/c mouse perit ... | 1992 | 1505420 |
| reversal of t-cell unresponsiveness through serine-esterase inhibitors mediated enhanced lymphokine induced microbicidal activities in kala-azar. | after presenting processed glycoprotein of leishmania donovani to t-cell, macrophage seeks the help of a panel of t-cells lymphokines to transform from a state that sustains intra cellular replication of parasite to an effector state for destructing parasites. but esterase and trypsin of macrophage membrane prevent t-cells to release mif. role of soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (sti) has been exposed in the present study with a view to alter esterase functional behaviour of macrophage for control of ... | 1992 | 1506018 |
| humoral responses following immunization with leishmania infantum (ex. oklahoma): a comparison of adjuvant efficacy in the antibody responses of balb-c mice. | adjuvants are commonly used in immunization protocols for the purpose of augmenting immune responses to antigens. the antigenic profile of leishmania infantum (ex. oklahoma) is described and the efficacies of three adjuvants delivered coincidentally with killed promastigotes are compared, by measuring relative serologic responses of balb-c mice to specific antigenic determinants. western blotting techniques were employed to visualize humoral responses to isolated antigens; serologic profiles wer ... | 1992 | 1512073 |
| canine leishmaniasis caused by leishmania leishmania infantum in two labrador retrievers. | canine leishmaniasis, a generally fatal parasitic disease, was diagnosed in 2 dogs with a medical history of foreign travel, lymphadenopathy, emaciation, anorexia, intermittent fever, and cutaneous lesions. clinically, hyperproteinemia, proteinuria, azotemia, and glomerulopathy were evident. isolation of leishmania species was done using schneider's drosophila medium. syrian hamsters were used for infectivity studies. clear taxonomic identification was done biochemically by isoenzyme analysis an ... | 1992 | 1515492 |
| leishmania donovani: in vitro growth inhibition of promastigotes by a carbocyclic analog of 2'-deoxyguanosine. | 1992 | 1516674 | |
| immunoblotting as a valuable tool to differentiate human visceral leishmaniasis from lymphoproliferative disorders and other clinically similar diseases. | diseases presenting with splenomegaly, fever and pancytopenia require intensive differential diagnostic considerations. these diseases include lymphoproliferative and autoimmune diseases, but also chronic infections like mansonian schistosomiasis or visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). diagnosis for the latter is usually performed by testing for the presence of antileishmanial antibodies using the immunofluorescence test (ift) or the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique. here, we r ... | 1992 | 1518953 |
| a chemostat study on proline uptake and metabolism of leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani grew in the chemostat on proline as its sole carbon and energy source at a maximum growth rate of 1.39 divisions per day. the efficiency of proline metabolism decreased with increasing external proline concentration. the internal concentration of proline and its intracellular metabolites was low when proline was the growth rate limiting substrate and high when proline was available in excess. in time-course experiments proline uptake leveled off after 30 min, independent of t ... | 1992 | 1522536 |
| arginine catabolism by leishmania donovani promastigotes. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were grown to late log phase, washed and resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer containing l-arginine, and the rate of urea formation was then measured under various conditions. addition of glucose or mannose activated urea formation, whereas 2-deoxyglucose inhibited and 6-deoxyglucose had no effect. addition of alanine or of alpha-aminoisobutyrate inhibited urea formation, alanine causing a greater inhibition than alpha-aminoisobutyrate. addition of leucine, proline ... | 1992 | 1522544 |
| proline transport in leishmania donovani amastigotes: dependence on ph gradients and membrane potential. | amastigotes of leishmania donovani develop and multiply within the acidic phagolysosomes of mammalian macrophages. isolated amastigotes are acidophilic; they catabolize substrates and synthesize macromolecules optimally at ph 5.5. substrate transport in amastigotes has not been characterized. here we show that amastigotes exhibit an uphill transport of proline (active transport) with an acid ph optimum (ph 5.5). it is dependent upon metabolic energy and is driven by proton motive force. agents w ... | 1992 | 1533014 |
| the plasma membrane electrical gradient (membrane potential) in leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. | the equilibrium distribution of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide was used to measure the membrane potential in leishmania donovani amastigotes and promastigotes and to investigate mechanisms underlying the maintenance of membrane potential. at ph 7.0, membrane potential ranges between -90 and -113 mv. increasing the external concentrations of hydrogen or potassium ions decreased membrane potential as did treatments with carbonylcyanide chlorophenylhydrazone or valinomycin. these observations are c ... | 1992 | 1533015 |
| leishmania donovani: purification and partial characterization of a glycophosphosphingolipid antigen expressed on promastigote surface. | a ceramide-anchored glycophosphosphingolipid antigen was isolated from the lipid extract of leishmania donovani promastigotes. the affinity-purified glycolipid antigen contained galactose, mannose, myo-inositol, phosphate, ceramide, and hexosamine but no sialic acid. the phosphate group was present internally at the core of the structure: inositol (1-o)-phosphorylceramide. the phosphate group became susceptible to alkaline phosphatase only after alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis of the glycolipid. | 1992 | 1533840 |
| recombinant leishmania hsp90 and hsp70 are recognized by sera from visceral leishmaniasis patients but not chagas' disease patients. | approximately 70% of the cdna clones identified by immunoscreening leishmania donovani expression libraries with serum from a patient with visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) were found to encode the highly conserved hsp90 and hsp70 members of the heat shock protein family. recombinant fusion proteins containing the c-terminal portions of l. donovani hsp90 and hsp70 were used as target antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of various sera. sera from four patients with visceral leishmania ... | 1992 | 1537901 |
| l-arginine-dependent reactive nitrogen intermediates and the antimicrobial effect of activated human mononuclear phagocytes. | the l-arginine-dependent generation of reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) has been identified as a key intracellular antimicrobial mechanism of activated mouse macrophages. to determine the role of this mechanism in the activity of human mononuclear phagocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages activated in vitro by interferon (ifn)-gamma and monocytes from patients receiving ifn-gamma as therapy were treated with ng-monomethyl-l-arginine (nma) or arginase. neither competitive inhibition of l-argi ... | 1992 | 1538156 |
| leishmania chagasi antigens recognized in cured visceral leishmaniasis and asymptomatic infection. | active visceral leishmaniasis is associated with antigen-specific immuno-suppression. however, cured patients develop a cellular immune response associated with resistance to reinfection. recent studies have identified patients with asymptomatic or subclinical infections, which are also accompanied by an immune response. in order to identify subjects immune to leishmania chagasi, we performed a skin-test survey in an endemic area in eastern venezuela. the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) resp ... | 1992 | 1539745 |
| acquired resistance and granuloma formation in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. differential t cell and lymphokine roles in initial versus established immunity. | in naive balb/c mice, acquisition of resistance to leishmania donovani and formation of antileishmanial tissue granulomas are linked expressions that require both l3t4+ and lyt 2+ cells as well as both il-2 and ifn-gamma. to determine the mechanisms of established resistance to l. donovani, rechallenged immune balb/c mice were treated with t cell- and lymphokine-depleting mab or cyclosporin a. in the liver, resistance to rechallenge was inhibited by treatment with anti-lyt 2 but not anti-l3t4 ma ... | 1992 | 1541824 |
| loss of the gp46/m-2 surface membrane glycoprotein gene family in the leishmania braziliensis complex. | immunization with the gp46/m-2 membrane glycoprotein of leishmania amazonensis has been shown to induce a protective immune response against infection. we have surveyed a variety of trypanosomatid species and genera for the presence and expression of this gene family, information that will be relevant to future vaccine studies against leishmaniasis. molecular karyotype analysis revealed the presence of gp46/m-2 genes in all members of the leishmania mexicana complex, leishmania major, leishmania ... | 1992 | 1542309 |
| [kala-azar. is it possible to treat it with aminoglucosides?]. | we report the case of a 13 month old male infant with visceral leishmanisis. the clinical picture was suggestive of kala-azar, but a bone marrow aspirate was negative, so treatment was not started. during the course of the process an urinary infection was documented and therapy with aminoglycosides was begun. at this time we observed that hepato--and spleno--megaly diminished and then disappeared and clinical manifestations improved. we later received a positive serology for leishmania donovani. ... | 1992 | 1543295 |
| immune complex glomerulonephritis in experimental kala-azar. ii: detection and characterization of parasite antigens and antibodies eluted from kidneys of leishmania donovani-infected hamsters. | in a previous report analysing kidney sections by immunofluorescence we showed that hamsters infected with l. donovani develop a glomerulonephritis (gn) associated with deposition of hamster immunoglobulins and parasite antigens in the glomeruli. in this study we characterize these immune components eluted from the kidneys. the eluted immunoglobulins showed specificity for l. donovani antigens and hamster immunoglobulins (rheumatoid factor-like activity). the four isotypes igg1, igg2, iga and ig ... | 1992 | 1544224 |
| refined structure of the lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani. | the primary structure of the major surface glycoconjugate of leishmania donovani parasites, a lipophosphoglycan, has been further characterized. the repeating po4-6galp beta 1-4man disaccharide units, which are a salient feature of the molecule, are shown to terminate with one of several neutral structures, the most abundant of which is the branched trisaccharide galp beta 1-4(manp alpha 1-2)man. the phosphosaccharide core of lipophosphoglycan, which links the disaccharide repeats to a lipid anc ... | 1992 | 1551889 |
| structure of leishmania mexicana lipophosphoglycan. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) was isolated from the culture supernatant of leishmania mexicana promastigotes and its structure elucidated by a combination of 1h nmr, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and chemical and enzymatic modifications. it consists of the repeating phosphorylated oligosaccharides po4-6gal beta 1-4man alpha 1- and po4-6[glc beta 1-3]gal beta 1-4man alpha 1-, which are linked together in linear chains by phosphodiester linkages. each chain of repeat uni ... | 1992 | 1551890 |
| interleukin-4 fails to inhibit interferon-gamma-induced activation of human colostral macrophages. | il-4 abrogates the ifn-gamma-mediated activation of peripheral blood monocytes (m. lehn, w. y. weiser, s. e. engelhorn, s. gillis, and h. g. remold, 1989, j. immunol. 143, 3020). in contrast, in colostral macrophages il-4 fails to inhibit ifn-gamma-induced increase of h2o2 production and of antileishmanial activity. flow cytometric analysis shows that the number of il-4 receptors (il-4r) is 2.4 times higher on colostral macrophages than on peripheral blood monocytes and that 23% of the colostral ... | 1992 | 1555251 |
| molecular characterization of a leishmania donovani infantum antigen identified as histone h2a. | a leishmania donovani infantum promastigote cdna expression library was screened with a serum obtained from a dog naturally infected with this parasite. one of the positive clones obtained revealed nucleotide sequence similarities with the histone h2a genes from various organisms. northern blot analyses and sequence data of three independently isolated cdna clones indicated that the leishmania h2a mrnas are polyadenylated, as are the basal histone mrnas of higher eukaryotes and the histone mrnas ... | 1992 | 1555581 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular phosphoglycan from leishmania donovani. | an extracellular phosphoglycan (expg), present in the culture medium of the promastigote form of leishmania donovani, was purified and structurally characterized. the purification scheme included ethanol precipitation of the culture medium, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-sepharose, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. structural analysis by 1h-1h nmr, methylation linkage analysis, and glycosidase digestion revealed that the expg consisted of th ... | 1992 | 1556103 |
| potential of doxorubicin as an antileishmanial agent. | doxorubicin, a well characterized anticancer drug, was tested in vitro and in vivo for activity against leishmania donovani. activity in vitro was very high against both the promastigote and amastigote forms of this parasite with 50% effective dose (ed50) values on the order of 0.43 microm and 0.86 microm, respectively. an in vivo inhibition of spleen parasite burden up to 95% in an infected mouse model was achieved when a dosage of 625 micrograms doxorubicin/kg body weight/day was given in 4 co ... | 1992 | 1556650 |
| effect of fibronectin and interferon-gamma on the uptake of leishmania major and leishmania infantum promastigotes by u937 cells. | uptake of leishmania major and leishmania infantum promastigotes by u937 cells was determined by microscopic observation and by using radiolabelled parasites. with both species we observed an increase in uptake after parasite pretreatments with fibronectin, and a decrease in uptake after cell pretreatment with interferon-gamma (ifn gamma). when both pretreatments were performed, the uptake was significantly decreased only in l. infantum experiments. these findings may be of some importance in th ... | 1992 | 1556959 |
| selective inability of spleen antigen presenting cells from leishmania donovani infected hamsters to mediate specific t cell proliferation to parasite antigens. | golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) infected with leishmania donovani develop a disease similar to human kala-azar. there is conspicuous hypergammaglobulinaemia and their t cells do not respond to stimulation by parasite antigens. the impairment of the cellular immune response seems to be restricted to parasite antigens since infected animals are able to develop a t cell response to the mitogen concanavalin a (con-a) and, after sensitization, to the antigens keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh) a ... | 1992 | 1557230 |
| cyclophosphamide affects the dynamics of granuloma formation in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | we observed histopathological and ultrastructural hepatic changes following the intracardiac inoculation of leishmania donovani amastigotes into inbred lhc hamsters (group i). since granuloma formation is known to be t-cell-dependent, we also examined infected hamsters under cyclophosphamide immunosuppressive treatment (group icy) and evaluated the production of interleukin-2 (il-2) by their cells. group i showed more intense hepatocyte and endothelial cell clasmatosis as well as hepatocyte dege ... | 1992 | 1557327 |
| cloning of repetitive dna sequences from toxoplasma gondii and their usefulness for parasite detection. | genomic dna of toxoplasma gondii was digested with the restriction endonuclease hpa ii and the resulting repetitive dna sequences were visualized after electrophoresis on agarose gels and staining with ethidium bromide. three repetitive dna sequences were isolated and cloned in the plasmid puc19. the recombinant plasmids (ptg8, ptg4 and ptg1) had inserts of 840, 440, and 180 basepairs, respectively. the estimated copy number of these cloned sequences in the t. gondii genome was approximately 800 ... | 1992 | 1558274 |
| induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by leishmania infantum in murine macrophages from different inbred mice strains. | the present study was undertaken to determine whether the viscerotropic species, leishmania infantum, endemic in italy, could induce tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) in murine macrophages. genetically susceptible (lshs) and resistant (lshr) mice were used in the attempt to correlate tnf alpha production with the ability to control parasite growth and replication. resident peritoneal macrophages of c3h/hen, dba/2, cba (lshr), c57bl/10 and balb/c (lshs) mice were infected in vitro with prom ... | 1992 | 1560756 |
| leishmaniasis: a rare cause of unexplained fever in a renal graft recipient. | we report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in a 38-year-old renal transplant recipient living in an endemic country. antimonial derivatives induced a rapid remission. a review of the literature disclosed 8 cases of this association with a fatal fulminant outcome in 5 cases. we suggest that the specific immunosuppression used in renal transplant patients might facilitate the development of a dormant infection and in these patients the misleading presentation may delay the diagnosis. moreover spec ... | 1992 | 1565190 |
| [parasitological and immunological progress control during and after chemotherapy of canine leishmaniasis]. | promastigote leishmania-organisms were diagnostically cultivated in vitro from popliteal lymph node aspirates obtained from 32 of in total 36 dogs returning from endemic areas. isoenzyme analysis (glucosephosphate-isomerase (gpi), phosphoglucomutase (pgm) and glutamate-oxaloacetate-transaminase (got) resulted in the identification of leishmania infantum (syn. leishmania (l.) infantum) for all 18 isolates investigated. parasites were still able to be cultivated in vitro in 79% of 28 biopsies (fro ... | 1992 | 1566026 |