Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| mycotoxins and fungi in wheat stored in elevators in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. | samples of wheat harvested from 1988 to 1990 and stored in elevators in the south of brazil (12 brazilian, 4 argentinian and 2 uruguayan) were analysed in 1990 for 14 mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (don), nivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol (das), t-2 and ht-2 toxins, t-2 triol, t-2 tetraol, aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, g2, ochratoxin a (ochra a), zearalenone and sterigmatocystin. one sample (1988 harvest) was contaminated with ochra a (0.04 microgram/g) and three other samples (1990 harvest) were contaminated ... | 1995 | 8522033 |
| phytotoxic effect of deoxynivalenol and gibberella ear rot resistance of corn. | the fusarium graminearum mycotoxin deoxynivalenol was shown to be more phytotoxic to corn genotypes susceptible to gibberella ear rot than resistant genotypes. the toxin caused greater damage to the membranes of the susceptible genotypes, as evidenced by the release of na and k ions into solution. isolated protoplasts of ear rot-resistant genotypes were able to bind more radiolabelled deoxynivalenol than those of susceptible genotypes, providing a partial explanation for the membrane tolerance t ... | 1995 | 8581324 |
| reduced virulence of gibberella zeae caused by disruption of a trichothecene toxin biosynthetic gene. | the production of trichothecene mycotoxins by some plant pathogenic species of fusarium is thought to contribute to their virulence. gibberella zeae (f. graminearum) is an important cereal pathogen that produces the trichothecene deoxynivalenol. to determine if trichothecene production contributes to the virulence of g. zeae, we generated trichothecene-deficient mutants of the fungus by gene disruption. the disrupted gene, tri5, encodes the enzyme trichodiene synthase, which catalyzes the first ... | 1995 | 8589414 |
| mycotoxin producing potential of fusarium graminearum isolates from uruguayan barley. | twelve isolates of fusarium graminearum were obtained from barely grains collected from different uruguayan regions (harvest 1993-94). this was the predominant fungal species contaminating the crop due to a particular humid and warm season with cold nights conductive to toxin production the isolates were grown on moist, sterile rice, extracted with aqueous methanol, and examined for mycotoxin production. zearalenone (zea) and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don), 3- and 15-acetyl-don (acdon), ... | 1995 | 8684431 |
| structural and antifungal properties of a pathogenesis-related protein from wheat kernel. | we have purified and characterized a protein from the water-soluble fraction of wheat kernel (triticum aestivum cv. s. pastore) consisting of a single polypeptide chain blocked at its n-terminus by a pyroglutamate residue; the complete amino acid sequence has been determined by automated sequence analysis performed on peptide fragments obtained by enzymatic hydrolyses of the protein. homology studies have shown that this protein is very similar (97% sequence identity) to the previously character ... | 1996 | 8838588 |
| how do highly branched (colonial) mutants of fusarium graminearum a3/5 arise during quorn myco-protein fermentations? | chlorate-resistant, highly branched (colonial) mutants and auxotrophic mutants were used to study the nuclear distribution, morphology and growth of heterokaryons of the quorn myco-protein fungus, fusarium graminearum a3/5. the results showed that for several complementary homokaryons, even a strong selective pressure was insufficient to maintain heterokaryons in a 'balanced' condition (i.e. exhibiting a wild-type or near wild-type phenotype). furthermore, the margins of heterokaryotic colonies ... | 1996 | 8868427 |
| natural contamination of manitoba barley by 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol and its detection by immunochromatography. | contamination of canadian barley samples by 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol was detected by enzyme immunoassays combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. this is the first reported natural occurrence of this mycotoxin. the barley was infected mainly with fusarium graminearum. deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and zearalenone were also found. | 1996 | 8967776 |
| effects of the infection of toxigenic fungi and an antagonistic streptomyces strain on wheat spikes. | the objective of the present study was to determine the effect on infection of wheat spikes by toxigenic fungi (aspergillus parasiticus nrrl 2999, fusarium tricinctum nrrl 3299, fusarium graminearum ceremic 136/92) and a strain of streptomyces sp. that is antagonistic to the above-mentioned fungi. wheat grains (variety granero inta) were sown in 8 pots containing natural soil and kept in a greenhouse chamber. in the period of the early anthesis the wheat spikes were inoculated with conidial susp ... | 1996 | 9011829 |
| occurrence of deoxynivalenol and fusarium graminearum in argentinian wheat. | during the 1993 harvest period there was a high incidence of fusarium head blight in wheat in argentina. fusarium species that produce trichothecenes in wheat have been reported in several countries including argentina. several studies have shown that f. graminerarum and deoxynivalenol (don) were the main contaminants detected in wheat and by-products in argentina. the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of fusarium spp. and don contamination in wheat from córdoba, argentina d ... | 1997 | 9059578 |
| in-vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical and environmental fusarium spp. strains. | the mics of amphotericin b, miconazole, ketoconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and fluconazole for 19 isolates of fusarium oxysporum, 16 fusarium solani, seven fusarium verticilliodes, four fusarium proliferatum, four fusarium dimerum, three fusarium equiseti, and one each of the following species: fusarium graminearum, fusarium chlamydosporum, fusarium semitectum, fusarium avenaceum and fusarium subglutinans were determined by a broth microdilution method. thirty-eight of these isolates were o ... | 1997 | 9069536 |
| production of trichothecenes and zearalenone by isolates of fusarium spp. from argentinian maize. | fusarium cultures (27 isolates of fusarium graminearum, 5 of f. sporotrichioides, 5 of f. semitectum, 2 of f. solani, and one isolate of f. equiseti, f. heterosporum and f. oxysporum respectively, from maize ears) were screened to determine their ability to produce different trichothecenes and zearalenone. twenty of 27 f. graminearum isolates produced deoxynivalenol (384-5745 micrograms/kg), 7/27 produced 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (322-1840 micrograms/kg), 3/27 produced neosolaniol (199-898 microg ... | 1997 | 9135723 |
| restoration of wild-type virulence to tri5 disruption mutants of gibberella zeae via gene reversion and mutant complementation. | gibberella zeae is a pathogen of small grain crops and produces trichothecene mycotoxins in infected host tissue. the role of trichothecenes in the virulence of g. zeae was previously investigated using trichothecene-non-producing mutants that were generated via transformation-mediated disruption of a gene (tri5) that encodes the first enzyme in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway. the mutants were less virulent on some hosts than the wild-type strain from which they were derived. here, we us ... | 1997 | 9274012 |
| trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase protects both the producing organism and transformed yeast from related mycotoxins. cloning and characterization of tri101. | trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, and t-2 toxin, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors for eukaryotic organisms. the 3-o-acetyl derivatives of these toxins were shown to reduce their in vitro activity significantly as assessed by assays using a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. the results suggested that the introduction of an o-acetyl group at the c-3 position in the biosynthetic pathway works as a resistance mechanism for fusarium species that pr ... | 1998 | 9430709 |
| biocompatibility of potential wound management products: hydrogen peroxide generation by fungal chitin/chitosans and their effects on the proliferation of murine l929 fibroblasts in culture. | agaricus bisporus, fusarium graminearum, phycomyces blakesleeanus, unbleached and bleached, rhizomucor miehei, and rhizopus oryzae were examined as sources of fungal chitin/chitosan. the nitrogen content of the alkalitreated mycelia/sporangiophores obtained after optimization of culture conditions, and of similarly treated a. bisporus stipes, was 2.87, 1.29, 6.27, 6.50, 4.80, and 4.95% w/w, respectively, which relates to an estimated chitin content of 42, 19, 91, 94, 70, and 72%, respectively. t ... | 1998 | 9457561 |
| comparative toxicity of allelochemicals and their enzymatic oxidation products to maize fungal pathogens, emphasizing fusarium graminearum. | a series of stable quinones and their precursors, and enzymatic oxidation products of plant allelochemicals were tested for their effect on maize fungal pathogens, primarily fusarium graminearum. benzoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than hydroquinone, while 1,2-naphthoquinone was typically significantly more toxic than 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. aspergillus flavus was the most resistant fungus to these compounds, while phoma medicaginis was the most susceptible. applying tyrosinase ... | 1997 | 9496376 |
| the characterization of chicken antibodies raised against fusarium spp. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. | immunoassays for the detection of three fusarium species have been developed. chickens were immunized with the soluble antigens from within the mycelia (mycelia-soluble antigens) and the exoantigens of fusarium sporotrichioides, fusarium poae and fusarium graminearum and the antigens were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblotting and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the cross-reactivities of antisera with eleven species of fusari ... | 1997 | 9506284 |
| metabolism of carbofuran by aspergillus niger and fusarium graminearum. | metabolism of carbofuran in pure liquid cultures of a. niger and f. graminearum was investigated. carbofuran and its metabolites were analyzed by hplc and tlc. the average recoveries of carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, and 3-ketocarbofuran phenol from fungi media were found to be 88.65, 86.19, 75.48, and 80.48%, while their detection limits were 0.035, 0.031, 0.015 and 0.140 ppm, respectively. the data showed that a. niger was capable of degrading carbofuran more faster than f. ... | 1998 | 9604338 |
| toxic effects of deoxynivalenol on ribosomes and tissues of the spring wheat cultivars frontana and casavant. | the toxic effects of the fusarium graminearum trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol were determined on ribosomes and leaf tissues of the fusarium head blight-resistant spring wheat cultivar frontana and the susceptible spring wheat cultivar casavant. the use of a poly-u-directed 14c-phenylalanine and deoxynivalenol ribosome-binding assays provided evidence of resistance to the protein-synthesis inhibition effects of deoxynivalenol in the head blight-resistant cultivar frontana. this is probably due ... | 1997 | 9615311 |
| distribution of deoxynivalenol in barley kernels infected by fusarium. | deoxynivalenol (don) in concentration range 0.1-156.6 mg/kg, was found in 48 samples of barley kernels collected from heads with visible symptoms of head scab after inoculation in a field with fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum. four fractions of the kernels were collected according to their size: > 2.8 mm (i); < or = 2.8-2.5 mm (ii); > 2.5-2.2 mm (iii) and < 2.2 mm (iv). in plants infected with fusarium (when compared to the control) number of kernels in the fraction of the largest kern ... | 1998 | 9631371 |
| fusarium graminearum a 3/5 as a novel host for heterologous protein production. | we describe a novel fungal expression system which utilizes the quorn myco-protein fungus fusarium graminearum a 3/5. a transformation system was developed for f. graminearum and was used to introduce the coding and regulatory regions of a trypsin gene from fusarium oxysporum. the protein was efficiently expressed, processed and secreted by the recombinant host strain. in addition, the promoter and terminator of the f. oxysporum trypsin gene have been successfully utilized to drive the expressio ... | 1995 | 9636307 |
| features of tri101, the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene, related to the self-defense mechanism in fusarium graminearum. | a structural gene of tri101, which encodes trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase, was isolated as a 3-kb xhoi-xbai fragment from the trichothecene producer fusarium graminearum strain f15. the gene contained no introns, and the coding region was 0.7-kb downstream of a putative utp-ammonia ligase gene which obviously is not related to the biosynthesis of trichothecenes. tri101 was expressed when t-2 toxin was added, but this induction was not dependent on the expression level of tri6, a transcripti ... | 1998 | 9648241 |
| the mystery of the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene. analysis of the region around tri101 and characterization of its homologue from fusarium sporotrichioides. | the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene, tri101, plays a pivotal role for the well-being of the type b trichothecene producer fusarium graminearum. we have analyzed the cosmids containing tri101 and found that this resistance gene is not in the biosynthetic gene cluster reported so far. it was located between the utp-ammonia ligase gene and the phosphate permease gene which are not related to trichothecene biosynthesis. these two 'house-keeping' genes were also linked in fusarium species th ... | 1998 | 9762900 |
| biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by either single or combined cultures of some soilborne plant pathogenic fungi. | biodegradation of chlorpyrifos was studied in liquid culture media amended with either single or combined eight different plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the continuous cropping wheat fields. the average recovery of chlorpyrifos from the liquid media was found to be 86.1%. the detection limit of chlorpyrifos by the analytical method used was 19 ppb. data showed that the growth of mixed fungi at concentrations up to 200 ppm of chlorpyrifos was higher than in the control treatment. chlorpyrif ... | 1998 | 9830133 |
| [trypsin inhibitors of wheat seedlings infected and treated with salicylic acid]. | using the method of affinity chromatography for trypsin-sepharose, followed by page electrophoresis the component composition of trypsin inhibitors was studied. the inhibitors were extracted from the winter wheat seedlings which were infected with fusarium fungus and also from the seedlings treated with salicylic acid. under the action of pathogen not only a quantitative increase in the protein components of trypsin inhibitor but also the appearance of a new component with a molecular weight of ... | 1998 | 9848136 |
| relationships among deoxynivalenol, ergosterol and fusarium exoantigens in canadian hard and soft wheat. | soluble extracellular components (exoantigens) from cultures of fusarium graminearum and f. sporotrichioides were used to produce antisera from chickens for an indirect enzyme immunoassay. this immunoassay was used to estimate fusarium exoantigen levels in 40 samples of fusarium head blight-infected hard red spring wheat from manitoba, and in 50 samples of infected soft white winter wheat from ontario. these wheat samples were also assayed for deoxynivalenol (don), the predominant fusarium mycot ... | 1998 | 9926999 |
| ph regulation of recombinant glucoamylase production in fusarium venenatum jers 325, a transformant with a fusarium oxysporum alkaline (trypsin-like) protease promoter. | fusarium venenatum (formerly fusarium graminearum) jers 325 produces heterologous glucoamylase (gam) under the regulation of a fusarium oxysporum alkaline (trypsin-like) protease promoter. the glucoamylase gene was used as a reporter gene to study the effects of ammonium and ph on gam production under the control of the alkaline protease promoter. between ph 4.0 and 5.8, gam production in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of jers 325 grown at a dilution rate of 0.10 h-1 (doubling time, 6.9 h) o ... | 1999 | 10397874 |
| sensitivity of fusarium strains to chelidonium majus l. extracts. | ten fusarium strains were tested for their sensitivity to extracts of chelidonium majus l. growth inhibition was measured either in solid or in liquid media. aqueous extracts had considerable inhibitory action but methanolic extracts showed the best results. root extracts were more inhibitory than shoot extracts. on the basis of growth inhibition the fusarium strains were aggregated into five classes, the extremes being fusarium culmorum plus fusarium graminearum (quite resistant) and fusarium o ... | 1999 | 10433471 |
| relationship between fusarium graminearum and alternaria alternata contamination and deoxynivalenol occurrence on argentinian durum wheat. | a mycological survey was carried out on durum wheat (triticum durum) samples from the main production area of argentina. the isolation frequency and relative density of species of dematiaceous fungi, and genus fusarium were calculated. alternaria alternata and fusarium graminearum were the predominant fungal species. an analysis of deoxynivalenol (don) natural contamination was also performed on a limited number of samples (60). don contamination levels in positive samples ranged from 26 to 6400 ... | 1998 | 10481289 |
| occurrence and distribution of fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol in sweet corn ears. | unusual wet and cool weather conditions during the 1994 growing season in maryland and delaware resulted in a severe outbreak of fusarium graminearum on sweet corn ears ('moore' variety) prior to harvesting and canning. the number of ears visibly infected with fusarium spp. ranged from less than 5% to 25% in some fields. infection typically occurred at the tassel end of the ears. fusarium graminearum was isolated from surface disinfected kernels, both those which were visibly infected and those ... | 1999 | 10492704 |
| chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality. | chitosan treatment (2-8 mg/ml) of wheat seeds significantly improved seed germination to recommended seed certification standards (>85%) and vigor at concentrations >4 mg/ml, in two cultivars of spring wheat (norseman and max), by controlling seed-borne fusarium graminearum infection. the germination was <80% in the control and >85% in benomyl- and chitosan-treated seeds. seed-borne f. graminearum was reduced to >50% at higher chitosan treatments compared to the control. synthesis of phenolic ac ... | 1999 | 10552439 |
| disruption of tri101, the gene encoding trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase, from fusarium sporotrichioides. | we screened a fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 cdna expression library in a toxin-sensitive saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking a functional pdr5 gene. fourteen yeast transformants were identified as resistant to the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, and each carried a cdna encoding the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase that is the f. sporotrichioides homolog of the fusarium graminearum tri101 gene. mutants of f. sporotrichioides nrrl 3299 produced by disruption of tri101 were alte ... | 1999 | 10583973 |
| effect of cycling temperatures on the production of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by fusarium graminearum nrrl 5883. | the effects of three regimens of cycling incubation temperatures and incubation at constant 25 degrees c on the growth of fusarium graminearum nrrl 5883 and production of deoxynivalenol (don) and zearalenone (zen) on rice were compared. the effects of low-temperature stress were also studied by incubating rice cultures at a constant 15 degrees c for 4 weeks following incubation at constant 25 degrees c for 2 weeks. both incubation temperature and time significantly (p < or = 0.05) affected growt ... | 1999 | 10606150 |
| utilization of highly deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat via extrusion processing. | deoxynivalenol (don) is a toxic natural metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum. in this study we investigated the effects of sodium bisulfite and extrusion cooking under high temperature and pressure on don levels in wheat grain and mill fractions. samples of highly naturally don-contaminated soft winter wheat were soaked for 1 h in water or aqueous sodium bisulfite (sb) solutions (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, or 5% so2 equivalent) and extruded. the soaking treatment with sb solution (5% so2 equivalent) ... | 1999 | 10606158 |
| the trichothecene biosynthesis regulatory gene from the type b producer fusarium strains: sequence of tri6 and its expression in escherichia coli. | a genomic dna fragment containing tri6, a transcription activator gene of trichothecene biosynthesis, was cloned by vectorette pcr from fusarium graminearum f15, which produces type b trichothecene, deoxynivalenol. the nucleotide sequence of the gene showed 84% of identity to that of the type a trichothecene producer fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl 3299, but the sequence around the initiation codon was not highly conserved between these producers. based on the upstream and downstream sequences of ... | 1999 | 10635566 |
| fungal development and induction of defense response genes during early infection of wheat spikes by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat is a crippling disease that causes severe economic losses in many of the wheat-growing regions of the world. temporal patterns of fungus development and transcript accumulation of defense response genes were studied in fusarium graminearum-inoculated wheat spikes within the first 48 to 76 h after inoculation (hai). microscopy of inoculated glumes revealed that the fungus appeared to penetrate through stomata, exhibited subcuticular growth along stomatal rows, ... | 2000 | 10659706 |
| fusarium species from nepalese rice and production of mycotoxins and gibberellic acid by selected species. | infection of cereal grains with fusarium species can cause contamination with mycotoxins that affect human and animal health. to determine the potential for mycotoxin contamination, we isolated fusarium species from samples of rice seeds that were collected in 1997 on farms in the foothills of the nepal himalaya. the predominant fusarium species in surface-disinfested seeds with husks were species of the gibberella fujikuroi complex, including g. fujikuroi mating population a (anamorph, fusarium ... | 2000 | 10698766 |
| altered regulation of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol production in fusarium graminearum. | most fusarium graminearum isolates produce low or undetectable levels of trichothecenes in liquid shake cultures, making it difficult to perform biochemical studies of trichothecene biosynthesis. to develop strains with higher levels of trichothecene production under liquid shake conditions we transformed f. graminearum with both a reporter gene containing a homologous trichothecene pathway gene promoter (tri5) and a gene encoding a heterologous trichothecene pathway transcription factor (tri6). ... | 2000 | 10788382 |
| a trichothecene efflux pump encoded by tri102 in the biosynthesis gene cluster of fusarium graminearum. | 2000 | 10805582 | |
| gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. | during the past decade, the plant disease called scab or fusarium head blight of wheat and barley has reached epidemic proportions in north america and elsewhere in the world. scab is an economically devastating plant disease, not only because it causes significant reduction in seed yields and quality, but also because infested seeds are often contaminated with trichothecene and estrogenic mycotoxins that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. to test whether the primary etiolog ... | 2000 | 10869425 |
| expression of thaumatin-like permatin pr-5 genes switches from the ovary wall to the aleurone in developing barley and oat seeds. | permatins are antifungal thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) of the pr-5 family of pathogenesis-related proteins. they occur in many cereals, but little is known of their expression and roles. permatin cdna clones were produced and used to study expression in developing barley and oat seeds. actin and cdc48 mrnas declined rapidly following inoculation of barley spikes with fusarium graminearum. despite this, permatin mrna levels remained constant or increased slightly. studies of permatin gene expres ... | 2000 | 10908801 |
| characteristics and antifungal activity of a chitin binding protein from ginkgo biloba. | an antifungal peptide from leaves of ginkgo biloba, designated gafp, has been isolated. its molecular mass of 4244.0 da was determined by mass spectrometry. the complete amino acid sequence was obtained from automated edman degradation. gafp exhibited antifungal activity towards pellicularia sasakii ito, alternaria alternata (fries) keissler, fusarium graminearum schw. and fusarium moniliforme. its activities differed among various fungi. gafp could also cause increased hyphal membrane permeabil ... | 2000 | 10922482 |
| analysis of aberrant virulence of gibberella zeae following transformation-mediated complementation of a trichothecene-deficient (tri5) mutant. | gibberella zeae causes wheat ear blight and produces trichothecene toxins in infected grain. in previous studies, trichothecene production in this fungus was disabled by specific disruption of the trichodiene synthase gene (tri5) and was restored by two methods: gene reversion and transformation-mediated mutant complementation. in previous field tests of wheat ear blight, trichothecene-nonproducing mutants were less virulent than the wild-type progenitor strain from which they were derived. tric ... | 2000 | 10931910 |
| transgenic expression of the tri101 or pdr5 gene increases resistance of tobacco to the phytotoxic effects of the trichothecene 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. | mycotoxins are fungal secondary compounds that are toxic to vertebrates. their presence in food and feeds, as the result of fungal disease in crops, can present a danger to animal or human health. many mycotoxins have also been shown to be phytotoxic and in some cases, such as with trichothecenes produced by the wheat head blight fungus fusarium graminearum, mycotoxins may act as virulence factors. antibiotic-producing organisms, including fungi, protect themselves from their own toxins by metab ... | 2000 | 10960733 |
| purification and characterization of novel antifungal compounds from the sourdough lactobacillus plantarum strain 21b. | sourdough lactic acid bacteria were selected for antifungal activity by a conidial germination assay. the 10-fold-concentrated culture filtrate of lactobacillus plantarum 21b grown in wheat flour hydrolysate almost completely inhibited eurotium repens ibt18000, eurotium rubrum ftdc3228, penicillium corylophilum ibt6978, penicillium roqueforti ibt18687, penicillium expansum idm/fs2, endomyces fibuliger ibt605 and idm3812, aspergillus niger ftdc3227 and idm1, aspergillus flavus ftdc3226, monilia s ... | 2000 | 10966432 |
| pcr-based identification of mat-1 and mat-2 in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. | all sexually fertile strains in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex are heterothallic, with individual mating types conferred by the broadly conserved ascomycete idiomorphs mat-1 and mat-2. we sequenced both alleles from all eight mating populations, developed a multiplex pcr technique to distinguish these idiomorphs, and tested it with representative strains from all eight biological species and 22 additional species or phylogenetic lineages from this species complex. in most cases, either ... | 2000 | 11010886 |
| pre-harvest accumulation of deoxynivalenol in sweet corn ears inoculated with fusarium graminearum. | three types of commercial sweet corn hybrids [surgary (su1), shrunken or 'supersweet' (sh2) and surgary enhancer (se1)] were silk channel inoculated in 1996 and 1997 with a macroconidial suspension of fusarium graminearum to determine how early the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol accumulates in kernels. disease symptoms rapidly developed on all hybrids and were apparent 4 days after inoculation. symptoms stabilized by 28 days after inoculation. toxin levels were greater than 1 microgram/g in kernels as ... | 2000 | 11027030 |
| potent heterologous antifungal proteins from cheeseweed (malva parviflora). | two novel antifungal proteins were purified and characterized from cheeseweed (malva parviflora). both proteins, designated cw-1 and cw-2, are composed of two different subunits of 5000 and 3000 da, respectively. these proteins possess very potent antifungal activities, and more interestingly the inhibition is fungicidal instead of fungistatic. at low salt condition, the ic(50) of cw-1 and cw-2 against fusarium graminearum (fg) is 2.5 ppm. at high salt condition which diminishes the antifungal a ... | 2000 | 11118343 |
| the fungal metabolite culmorin and related compounds. | this paper reviews the toxicology of culmorins, a family of compounds found in grains contaminated by fusarium graminearum and related fungi. we include the results of an ames test and studies based on quantitative structure-activity relationships. culmorin has low toxicity in several in vitro assays and in one study in swine and is ames test negative. culmorin is moderately antifungal. qsar analysis suggested that the plant compound longifolene was similar. longifolene is a gras compound used i ... | 1999 | 11122521 |
| impact of competitive fungi on trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum. | bioassays were used to determine the production of the trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (don), by two isolates of fusarium graminearum when grown in association with potentially competitive fungi and an antifungal chemical, 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6pap). the presence of 6pap in the culture medium reduced don production by as much as 80%, but this effect was reduced for the f. graminearum isolate that most efficiently metabolized the added 6pap. a 6pap-producing trichoderma isolate grown in ... | 2001 | 11170621 |
| rapid deposition of wheat cell wall structural proteins in response to fusarium-derived elicitors. | two novel cell wall structural proteins of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.). undergo rapid deposition in the cell wall matrix in a h(2)o(2)-dependent reaction after the elicitation of cultures with fusarium graminearum (l.)-derived elicitor. the amino acid compositions of these proteins were remarkably similar and indicated that they were highly acidic (pi 3.8). these proteins contained 13--17% each of gly, glx and ser with lesser amounts (6--8%) of ala, asx and thr, and it has been ... | 2001 | 11181716 |
| fusariotoxins in kernels of winter wheat cultivars field samples collected during 1993 in poland. | in south-eastern region of poland (near lublin), where frequency of scab (fusariosis) is much higher than in other parts of the country, during harvest of 1993 kernels of 25 winter wheat cultivars were collected. on the basis of morphological studies fusarium graminearum was found in 42% of investigated samples while other fungi appeared less frequently: f. nivale and f. poae (35%), f. avenaceum (31%) and f. culmorum (12%). chemical analysis (by hplc) revealed that the tested cultivars were cont ... | 2001 | 11253636 |
| purification and characterization of three antifungal proteins from cheeseweed (malva parviflora). | three potent antimicrobial proteins were purified from cheeseweed (malva parviflora) seeds. these antimicrobial proteins, named cw-3, cw-4, and cw-5, showed different antimicrobial spectrum and potency compared to the two heterologous antimicrobial proteins (cw-1 and cw-2) purified previously. cw-3 and cw-4 possess antimicrobial activities against phytophthora infestans (pi), but not fusarium graminearum (fg). a database search indicated that cw-3 shares high homology to cotton vicilin, an abund ... | 2001 | 11302747 |
| a genetic and biochemical approach to study trichothecene diversity in fusarium sporotrichioides and fusarium graminearum. | the trichothecenes t-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (don) are natural fungal products that are toxic to both animals and plants. their importance in the pathogenicity of fusarium spp. on crop plants has inspired efforts to understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms leading to trichothecene synthesis. in order to better understand t-2 toxin biosynthesis by fusarium sporotrichioides and don biosynthesis by f. graminearum, we compared the nucleotide sequence of the 23-kb core trichothecene gene ... | 2001 | 11352533 |
| factors that affect the occurrence of fumonisin. | the two important fusarium ear rots of corn, gibberella ear rot (fusarium graminearum, formally f. moniliforme and allied species) and fusarium ear rot (f. verticillioides and allied species) grow under different environmental conditions. f. graminearum grows well only between 26 and 28 degrees c and requires rain both at silking and during disease progression. f. verticillioides grows well at higher temperatures, and ear rot and fumonisin accumulation are associated with drought and insect stre ... | 2001 | 11359702 |
| distinct electrophoretic isozyme profiles of fusarium graminearum and closely related species. | cellulose-acetate electrophoresis (cae) was used to investigate isozyme polymorphisms among different isolates of fusarium cerealis, f. culmorum, f. graminearum and f. pseudograminearum from around the world. after initial testing of 22 enzymes in three buffer systems for activity and resolution of bands, 12 proved to be appropriate for analysis of the full sample set. remarkably uniform isozyme patterns were obtained intraspecifically, irrespective of the geographical origin of the isolates or ... | 2001 | 11403401 |
| identification of deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of gibberella zeae by using pcr. | gibberella zeae, a major cause of cereal scab, may be divided into two chemotypes based on production of the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv). we cloned and sequenced the gene cluster for trichothecene biosynthesis from each chemotype. g. zeae h-11 is a don producer isolated from corn, and g. zeae 88-1 is a niv producer from barley. we sequenced a 23-kb gene cluster from h-11 and a 26-kb cluster from 88-1, along with the unlinked tri101 genes. each gene cluster contained 1 ... | 2001 | 11425709 |
| antifungal activity of artemisia annua endophyte cultures against phytopathogenic fungi. | artemisia annua, well recognized for its production of antimalarial drug artemisinin, is seldom attacked by any of phytopathogenic fungi, which could be partially associated with the presence of endophytes. present investigation is aiming at disclosing whether the endophytes inside a. annua produce antifungal substances. a total of 39 endophytes were isolated and fermented, and the ferment broth was evaluated in vitro for the antifungal activity against crop-threatening fungi gaeumannomyces gram ... | 2001 | 11434973 |
| trichothecene and moniliformin production by fusarium species from western canadian wheat. | fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, and fusarium avenaceum, isolated from fusarium-damaged wheat harvested in western canada, were cultured and evaluated for mycotoxin production. extracts of the culture media were assayed for trichothecenes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and for moniliformin by liquid chromatography. deoxynivalenol (don) was found in 28 of 42 isolates of f. graminearum and 42 of 42 isolates of f. culmorum at levels ranging from 0.5 to 25.0 microg/g. 15-acetyldon w ... | 2001 | 11510664 |
| suppression of damping-off in maize seedlings by pseudomonas corrugata. | two strains of pseudomonas corrugata, (1 and 7), isolated from subtropical and temperate soils in sikkim himalaya, respectively, were subjected to petri-dish as well as plant-based bioassay to examine their potential for disease suppression against three major pathogens of maize. a mixture of pythium ultimum, p. arrhenomanes and fusarium graminearum was introduced in the soil; maize seed inoculated with one of the two strains of pseudomonas corrugata (1 or 7) were sown in pots containing such so ... | 2001 | 11572460 |
| a novel regulatory gene, tri10, controls trichothecene toxin production and gene expression. | we report here the characterization of tri10, a novel regulatory gene within the trichothecene gene cluster. comparison of tri10 genomic and mrna sequences revealed that removal of a single 77-bp intron provided a 1,260-bp open reading frame, encoding a 420-amino-acid protein. disruption of tri10 in fusarium sporotrichioides abolished t-2 toxin production and dramatically decreased the transcript accumulation for four trichothecene genes (tri4, tri5, tri6, and tri101) and an apparent farnesyl py ... | 2001 | 11679358 |
| suppression of maize root diseases caused by macrophomina phaseolina, fusarium moniliforme and fusarium graminearum by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. | a plant growth-promoting isolate of a fluorescent pseudomonas sp. em85 and two bacilli isolates mr-11(2) and mrf, isolated from maize rhizosphere, were found strongly antagonistic to fusarium moniliforme, fusarium graminearum and macrophomina phaseolina, causal agents of foot rots and wilting, collar rots/stalk rots and root rots and wilting, and charcoal rots of maize, respectively. pseudomonas sp. em85 produced antifungal antibiotics (afa+), siderophore (sid+), hcn (hcn+) and fluorescent pigme ... | 2001 | 11716210 |
| determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat-based breakfast cereals marketed in portugal. | deoxynivalenol (don), also known as vomitoxin, is one of a group of closely related secondary fungal metabolites--the trichothecenes--and is produced predominantly by several species of the genus fusarium, especially fusarium graminearum. the present study was carried out to evaluate the natural occurrence of don in different kinds of wheat-based breakfast cereals widely consumed by the population. a total of 88 commercially available samples of wheat-based breakfast cereals were randomly collec ... | 2001 | 11726173 |
| real time detection of the tri5 gene in fusarium species by lightcycler-pcr using sybr green i for continuous fluorescence monitoring. | lightcycler technology combines rapid in vitro amplification of dna with real time detection and quantification of the amount of target molecules present in a sample. the system enables a 35-cycle pcr with 32 samples do be completed in 45 min, including quantification and identification of the product. it is therefore well suited for routine analysis of large numbers of samples in quality control and for defining haccp concepts. based on pcr primers specific to the tri5 gene, a quantitative grou ... | 2001 | 11764892 |
| [genetic determination and inheritance of resistance to fusarium graminearum l. in wheat]. | a genetic basis of resistance of winter wheat to fusarium graminearum causing fusarium head blight was defined as a result of f1, f2, bc1 hybrid analysis in the crosses of some lines and varieties with highly susceptible variety odesskaya polukarlikovaya. it was found out that resistance to fusarium graminearum inherited regardless of resistance to rust, mildew and septoria. | 2001 | 11785428 |
| effect of the mycotoxin aurofusarin on the antioxidant composition and fatty acid profile of quail eggs. | 1. the effect of the mycotoxin aurofusarin on the antioxidant composition and fatty acid profile of quail eggs was investigated. 2. thirty eight 45-d-old japanese quails were divided into two groups (experimental and control, 15 females +4 males in each group) and were fed on a maize-soya diet balanced in all nutrients. the diet of the experimental quails was supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin. at th ... | 2001 | 11811917 |
| comparison of extraction and clean-up procedures for analysis of zearalenone in corn, rice and wheat grains by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection. | the aim of this work was the optimization of some procedures usually used in the analysis of zearalenone (zea) in corn and other cereals by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with photodiode array and/or fluorescence detection. the comparison of five extraction solvents is presented. three solid-phase extraction cartridges (c-18, silica, florisil) and immuno-affinity columns were also compared to obtain the best recovery of the mycotoxin with the minimal presence of co-extractives in ... | 2002 | 11834077 |
| identification of fusarium graminearum in cereal samples by dna detection test strips. | development of a fast, sensitive and easy to handle method for the detection of fusarium graminearum contamination in cereal samples by pcr. | 2002 | 11849512 |
| antioxidant systems of the developing quail embryo are compromised by mycotoxin aurofusarin. | the effects of aurofusarin in the quail diet on the antioxidant systems of the developing embryo are investigated. thirty eight 45-day-old japanese quails (coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups and were fed on a corn-soya diet or the same diet supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin. eggs obtained after 7 weeks of feeding were incubated. samples of quail tissues were collected at day 17 of embry ... | 2002 | 11879787 |
| rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat. | the fungus fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of both wheat and maize, produces a toxin, deoxynivalenol (don), that causes disease in livestock. a rapid test for don in wheat was developed using the principle of fluorescence polarization (fp) immunoassay. the assay was based on the competition between don and a novel don-fluorescein tracer (don-fl2) for a don-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. the method, which is a substantial improvement over our previous don fp immunoassay, combined a ra ... | 2002 | 11902919 |
| effects of processing on zearalenone. | zearalenone (zen), a common contaminant of all major cereal grains worldwide, is produced by some plant pathogenic molds including fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum. the biological activity of this mycotoxin is mainly attributed to its estrogenic activity that modulates/disrupts endocrine function in animals and possibly humans. efforts have been made to reduce the level of zen by various chemical, physical, and biological processing methods. some chemical treatments were shown to be effectiv ... | 2002 | 11922089 |
| biological control of fusarium head blight of wheat and deoxynivalenol levels in grain via use of microbial antagonists. | efforts to reduce mycotoxin contamination in food logically start with minimizing plant infection by mycotoxin producing pathogens. fusarium graminearum (perfect state, gibberella zeae) infects wheat heads at flowering, causing the disease fusarium head blight (fhb) and losses of over 2.6 billion dollars in the u.s. during the last 10 years. the pathogen often produces deoxynivalenol (don) resulting in grain size and quality reduction. highly resistant wheat cultivars currently are not available ... | 2002 | 11922099 |
| fluorescence polarization as a tool for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat. | the mould fusarium graminearum is found worldwide as a pathogen of cereal grains, in particular of wheat and maize, and it produces a mycotoxin known as deoxynivalenol (don or vomitoxin). each year, the presence of this compound and related trichothecenes causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. rapid methods for the measurement of the toxin in grains are required to monitor and divert effectively contaminated grain from the food supply. a fluorescence polarization (fp) immunoassa ... | 2002 | 11962698 |
| a genetic map of gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum). | we constructed a genetic linkage map of gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum) by crossing complementary nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of g. zeae strains r-5470 (from japan) and z-3639 (from kansas). we selected 99 nitrate-utilizing (recombinant) progeny and analyzed them for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps). we used 34 pairs of two-base selective aflp primers and identified 1048 polymorphic markers that mapped to 468 unique loci on nine linkage groups. the total map length i ... | 2002 | 11973300 |
| tri13 and tri7 determine deoxynivalenol- and nivalenol-producing chemotypes of gibberella zeae. | gibberella zeae, a major cause of cereal scab, can be divided into two chemotypes based on production of the 8-ketotrichothecenes deoxynivalenol (don) and nivalenol (niv). we cloned and sequenced a tri13 homolog from each chemotype. the tri13 from a niv chemotype strain (88-1) is located in the trichothecene gene cluster and carries an open reading frame similar to that of fusarium sporotrichioides, whereas the tri13 from a don chemotype strain (h-11) carries several mutations. to confirm the ro ... | 2002 | 11976083 |
| double-stranded rna mycovirus from fusarium graminearum. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses in some fungi are associated with hypovirulence and have been used or proposed as biological control agents. we isolated 7.5-kb dsrnas from 13 of 286 field strains of fusarium graminearum isolated from maize in korea. one of these strains, dk21, was examined in more detail. this strain had pronounced morphological changes, including reduction in mycelial growth, increased pigmentation, reduced virulence towards wheat, and decreased (60-fold) production of tric ... | 2002 | 11976130 |
| genetic dissection of a major fusarium head blight qtl in tetraploid wheat. | the devastating effect of fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum has led to significant financial losses across the upper midwest of the usa. these losses have spurred the need for research in biological, chemical, and genetic control methods for this disease. to date, most of the research on fhb resistance has concentrated on hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines originating from china. other sources of resistance to fhb would be desirable. one other source of resistan ... | 2002 | 11999839 |
| deoxynivalenol-nonproducing fusarium graminearum causes initial infection, but does not cause disease spread in wheat spikes. | fusarium graminearum is a major pathogen that causes fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and produces deoxynivalenol (don) in infected grain. in previous studies, the trichodiene synthase gene (tri5) in the fungal strain gz3639 was disrupted to produce the don-nonproducing strain gzt40. in this report, the virulence of strains gz3639 and gzt40 was tested on wheat cultivars with various resistance levels by using methods of spray inoculation and injection inoculation with fungal conidia. under fi ... | 2002 | 12000132 |
| comparison of canadian fusarium graminearum isolates for aggressiveness, vegetative compatibility, and production of ergosterol and mycotoxins. | fusarium graminearum is the predominant pathogen causing fusarium head blight of cereals in north america. fifteen canadian isolates of fusarium graminearum were highly diverse in terms of vegetative compatibility grouping (vcg) and varied for production of ergosterol and mycotoxin production in rice culture. aggressiveness was assessed by scoring the disease severity incited in wheat spikes by each isolate. two inoculation methods, single-floret injection and spray of entire spikes, were used t ... | 2002 | 12014482 |
| functional and comparative bioinformatic analysis of expressed genes from wheat spikes infected with fusarium graminearum. | fusarium head blight, caused by the fungus fusarium graminearum, is a major disease on wheat (triticum aestivum l.). expressed sequence tags (ests) were used to identify genes expressed during the wheat-f. graminearum interaction. we generated 4,838 ests from a cdna library prepared from spikes of the partially resistant cultivar sumai 3 infected with f. graminearum. these ests were composed of 2,831 singlet (single-copy transcripts) and 715 contigs (multiple-copy transcripts) for a total of 3,5 ... | 2002 | 12036275 |
| fusarium tri8 encodes a trichothecene c-3 esterase. | mutant strains of fusarium graminearum z3639 produced by disruption of tri8 were altered in their ability to biosynthesize 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and instead accumulated 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol, 7,8-dihydroxycalonectrin, and calonectrin. fusarium sporotrichioides nrrl3299 tri8 mutant strains accumulated 3-acetyl t-2 toxin, 3-acetyl neosolaniol, and 3,4,15-triacetoxyscirpenol rather than t-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol. the accumulation of these c-3-acetylated compounds s ... | 2002 | 12039755 |
| ancestral polymorphism and adaptive evolution in the trichothecene mycotoxin gene cluster of phytopathogenic fusarium. | filamentous fungi within the fusarium graminearum species complex (fg complex) are the primary etiological agents of fusarium head blight (scab) of wheat and barley. scab is an economically devastating plant disease that greatly limits grain yield and quality. in addition, scabby grain is often contaminated with trichothecene mycotoxins that act as virulence factors on some hosts, and pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. strain-specific differences in trichothecene metabolite ... | 2002 | 12080147 |
| the effects of chromosomes 3a and 3b on resistance to fusarium head blight in tetraploid wheat. | fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in areas where the weather is warm and humid after heading. previous studies indicate that the level of resistance to fhb varies not only among wheat cultivars but also among some of their wild relatives. no accession, however, has yet been identified to be completely immune to fhb among the gramineae. it is known that durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. conv. durum) is consistently more susc ... | 2001 | 12152348 |
| development of a bipartite method for fusarium identification based on cellobiohydrolase-c: caps and western blot analysis. | the identification of 12 fusarium strains isolated from diseased hops (humulus lupulus, l.) was achieved by a strategy based on cellobiohydrolase-c: cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis targeting the gene and the use of an antibody directed against a peptide of the fusarium graminearum enzyme. this strategy is shown to be rapid and reliable for all the fusarium of our collection: f. avenaceum, f. graminearum, f. sambucinum, f. sporotrichioides, f. tricinctum and f. venenatum. | 2002 | 12167545 |
| [conjugation resistance to fusarium graminearum schwabe with multiple molecular forms of some enzymes in winter wheat]. | electrophoretic spectra of multiple molecular forms of peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7), superoxide dismutase (ec 1.15.1.1), phenol oxidase (ec 1.10.3.1), and cytochrome oxidase (ec 1.9.3.1) in seedlings of two aegilops species and eleven genotypes of bread winter wheat differing in the level of their resistance to fusarium infection are presented. several izoforms of peroxidase, phenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase correlate with the level of resistance to fusarium. infection of plants with the pat ... | 2002 | 12187851 |
| antioxidant nutrients and mycotoxins. | mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that are toxic to vertebrates produced by organisms that occur as plant pathogens, soilborne fungi, airborne fungi and aeroallergens. they are distributed worldwide and may be recovered from a wide range of substrates. their presence in food and feeds, as the result of fungal diseases in crops, can present a danger to animal and human health. many mycotoxins have also been shown to be phytotoxic and in some cases, such as with trichothecenes produced b ... | 2002 | 12324191 |
| the role of chitinese of serratia marcescens in controlling the production of zearalenone by fusarium graminearum. | an experiment was designed to determine the role of the chitinase of s. marcescens in controlling the production of zearalenone by f. graminearum isolated from diseased wheat plants. fusarium graminearum, f. avenaceum, f. equiseti, f. culmorum, and f. solani were isolated from diseased wheat plant. f. graminearum culture materials were highly pathogenic for wheat seedlings, toxic to ducklings and produced high levels of zearalenone. s. marcescens was grown on the cell wall of f. graminearum and ... | 2002 | 12363074 |
| a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (mgv1) in fusarium graminearum is required for female fertility, heterokaryon formation, and plant infection. | fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen of small grains and maize in many areas of the world. infected grains are often contaminated with mycotoxins harmful to humans and animals. during the past decade, f. graminearum has caused several severe epidemics of head scab in wheat and barley. in order to understand molecular mechanisms regulating fungal development and pathogenicity in this pathogen, we isolated and characterized a map kinase gene, mgv1, which is highly homologous to the mps1 g ... | 2002 | 12423017 |
| purification and characterization of mannitol dehydrogenase and identification of the corresponding cdna from the head blight fungus, gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum). | the mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (mtdh) from gibberella zeae was purified and the corresponding cdna identified. purification of mtdh was accomplished using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange and dye-ligand chromatography. final purification was achieved following electroelution from a native gel. molecular mass determination based on sds-page indicated that the denatured protein was 29 kda. native protein mass was determined to be 110 kda using gel permeation chromatogr ... | 2002 | 12453571 |
| brainstem auditory evoked response in adolescents with acoustic mycotic neuroma due to environmental exposure to toxic molds. | indoor air contamination with toxic opportunistic molds is an emerging health risk worldwide. some of the opportunistic molds include: stachybotrys chartarum, aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. versicolor etc.), cadosporium, alternaria, penicillium, trichoderma, fusarium graminearum etc. these molds flourish in homes that are moist and damp. reports of floods are now evident in many parts of the world. with these global changes in climatic conditions that favor the opport ... | 2002 | 12467209 |
| arabidopsis is susceptible to the cereal ear blight fungal pathogens fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum. | the fungal pathogens fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum cause ear blight disease on cereal crops worldwide. the disease lowers both grain quality and grain safety. disease prevalence is increasing due to changes in cropping practices and the difficulties encountered by plant breeders when trying to introgress the polygene-based resistance. the molecular basis of resistance to fusarium ear blight in cereal species is poorly understood. this is primarily due to the large size of cereal genomes a ... | 2002 | 12492838 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the differential detection of trichothecene- and fumonisin-producing species of fusarium in cornmeal. | the genus fusarium comprises a diverse group of fungi including several species that produce mycotoxins in food commodities. in this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the group-specific detection of fumonisin-producing and trichothecene-producing species of fusarium. primers for genus-level recognition of fusarium spp. were designed from the internal transcribed spacer regions (its1 and its2) of rdna. primers for group-specific detection were designed fro ... | 2002 | 12495016 |
| an improved method for the purification of the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) from fusarium graminearum culture. | it was hypothesized that a simplified and efficient strategy could be developed for large-scale production and purification of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol from fusarium graminearum rice cultures for toxicological studies. f. graminearum r6576 was cultured on rice and extracted with methanol, and the extract was concentrated and subjected to silica gel low-pressure liquid chromatography (lplc) under a hexane-acetone gradient system. deoxynivalenol isolation was monitored by thin-layer chromatogr ... | 2003 | 12517120 |
| [purification and characterization of antifungal peptide lp-1]. | an antifungal peptide lp-1 from bacillus subtilis tg26 strain was purified by acid precipitation, acetone precipitation and hi-pore reversed phase column chromatography. the molecular weight of lp-1 is 1057.3 d as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry, and its pi is 4.75 by pag-ief. it was also found to be thermostable. its antifungal spectrum showed that lp-1 has strong inhibitory activity against many plant pathogenic fungi, such as pythium aphanidermatum, gibberella zeae, alternaria longi ... | 1999 | 12555526 |
| a sensitive and inexpensive yeast bioassay for the mycotoxin zearalenone and other compounds with estrogenic activity. | zearalenone (zon) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by plant-pathogenic species of fusarium. as a consequence of infection with fusarium culmorum and fusarium graminearum, zon can be found in cereals and derived food products. since zon is suspected to be a cause of human disease, including premature puberty syndrome, as well as hyperestrogenism in farm animals, several countries have established monitoring programs and guidelines for zon levels in grain intended for human consumpt ... | 2003 | 12570998 |
| engineering deoxynivalenol metabolism in wheat through the expression of a fungal trichothecene acetyltransferase gene. | fusarium head blight occurs in cereals throughout the world and is especially important in humid growing regions. fusarium head blight (fhb) has re-emerged as a major disease of wheat and barley in the u.s. and canada since 1993. the primary causal agents of fhb, fusarium graminearum and fusarium culmorum, can produce deoxynivalenol (don), a trichothecene mycotoxin that enhances disease severity and poses a health hazard to humans and monogastric animals. to reduce the effects of don on wheat, w ... | 2002 | 12582873 |
| greenhouse and field testing of transgenic wheat plants stably expressing genes for thaumatin-like protein, chitinase and glucanase against fusarium graminearum. | genes encoding pathogenesis-related (pr-) proteins isolated from a cdna library of fusarium graminearum-infected wheat spikes of scab-resistant cultivar 'sumai-3' were transformed into susceptible spring wheat, 'bobwhite' using a biolistic transformation protocol, with the goal of enhancing levels of resistance against scab. twenty-four putative transgenic lines expressing either a single pr-protein gene or combinations thereof were regenerated. transgene expression in a majority of these lines ... | 2003 | 12598580 |
| determination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry. | the fungus fusarium graminearum is a pathogen of both wheat and corn. strains of the fungus from the united states produce a toxin, deoxynivalenol (don); strains of the fungus from asia and europe produce don or a related toxin, nivalenol. these toxins can cause disease in livestock, and their potential presence in feed and foods is a concern for animal and human health. a method was developed to detect both toxins in corn and wheat by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of an extract of gro ... | 2003 | 12607741 |
| fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol contamination in the durum wheat area of argentina. | fusarium graminearum head blight of wheat is a destructive disease of the world's wheat-growing areas. this work was performed to analyze the distribution and contamination of deoxynivalenol (don) and its relationship with f. graminearum kernel invasion in argentina durum wheat area during two consecutive harvests. a total of 147 samples (cultivars and lines) of durum wheat from 5 locations of the major cropping area (southern buenos aires province) were analyzed. percentage of f. graminearum ke ... | 2003 | 12608577 |
| heat stability of zearalenone in an aqueous buffered model system. | zearalenone is an endocrine disruptor with estrogenic activity, produced primarily by fusarium graminearum, a common cause of corn ear rot and fusarium head blight or scab in wheat. zearalenone can be a contaminant of both corn and wheat and may survive thermal food processes. this study was done to determine the heat stability of zearalenone. reduction of zearalenone was measured during heating at different temperatures (100, 125, 150, 175, 200, and 225 degrees c) in an aqueous buffer solution ... | 2003 | 12617617 |
| trichothecene nonproducer gibberella species have both functional and nonfunctional 3-o-acetyltransferase genes. | the trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase gene (fgtri101) required for trichothecene production by fusarium graminearum is located between the phosphate permease gene (pho5) and the utp-ammonia ligase gene (ura7). we have cloned and sequenced the pho5-to-ura7 regions from three trichothecene nonproducing fusarium (i.e., f. oxysporum, f. moniliforme, and fusarium species ifo 7772) that belong to the teleomorph genus gibberella. blastx analysis of these sequences revealed portions of predicted polyp ... | 2003 | 12618405 |