Publications

a peroxiredoxin antioxidant is encoded by a dormancy-related gene, per1, expressed during late development in the aleurone and embryo of barley grains.	antioxidants can remove damaging reactive oxygen species produced as by-products of desiccation and respiration during late embryogenesis, imbibition of dormant seeds and germination. we have expressed a protein, per1, encoded by the balem (barley aleurone and embryo) transcript previously called b15c, and show it to reduce oxidative damage in vitro. per1 shares high similarity to a novel group of thiol-requiring antioxidants, named peroxiredoxins, and represents a subgroup with only one conserv ...	1996	8914536
evidence that barley 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase kinase is a member of the sucrose nonfermenting-1-related protein kinase family.	a protein kinase was partially purified from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv sundance) endosperm by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by ion-exchange, reactive blue, mono-q, and phosphocellulose chromatography. it was shown to phosphorylate arabidopsis 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase and a synthetic peptide that was shown previously to act as a substrate for hmg-coa reductase kinase purified from cauliflower, confirming it to be barley hmg-coa reductase kinase. sod ...	1996	8938414
tomographic distribution of acetylated histone h4 in plant chromosomes, nuclei and nucleoli.	root tip cells of broad bean (vicia faba l. cv. 'wase soramame') and barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. 'minorimugi') were immunostained with antibodies specific for acetylated histone h4. with an antiserum that recognizes histone h4 acetylated at lysine-5, the nucleolar organizing region (nor) in mitotic chromosomes was strongly labeled in both species. the broad bean had two signals in the metaphase and telophase chromosome complements and four signals in the prophase and anaphase chromosome compl ...	1996	8939822
engineering of the aspartate family biosynthetic pathway in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by transformation with heterologous genes encoding feed-back-insensitive aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase.	in prokaryotes and plants the synthesis of the essential amino acids lysine and threonine is predominantly regulated by feed-back inhibition of aspartate kinase (ak) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhps). in order to modify the flux through the aspartate family pathway in barley and enhance the accumulation of the corresponding amino acids, we have generated transgenic barley plants that constitutively express mutant escherichia coli genes encoding lysine feed-back insensitive forms of ak and ...	1996	8980513
cloning and expression pattern of hor v 9, the group 9 pollen isoallergen from barley.	in this study we report the cloning, sequence, and characterization of hor v 9 allergen cdnas from barley (hordeum vulgare) pollen. structural homologues of kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) group 9 pollen allergens were identified in a cdna library of barley pollen expressed mrnas. the hor v 9 cdna clone (hvp9742) contained an open reading frame encoding 313 amino acids which included a putative 27-residue signal peptide and one asparagine sequon for glycosylation. the mrna corresponding to cl ...	1996	8982067
cloning and characterization of a highly repeated dna sequence in hordeum vulgare l.	a novel repetitive dna sequence, r10hvcop, has been identified in the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) genome. this 830 base pair (bp) dna sequence has a 606-bp open reading frame and is present as approximately 1.96 x 10(5) copies per haploid barley genome. southern blot analysis revealed that repetitive dna elements containing r10hvcop and related sequences were dispersed within the barley chromosomes. sequences similar to r10hvcop were also found in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rye (secale cereal ...	1996	8983185
processing in vitro of pronapin, the 2s storage-protein precursor of brassica napus produced in a baculovirus expression system.	the maturation of the 2s albumin, napin, in brassica napus l. involves removal of an amino-terminal and an internal propeptide. pulse-chase experiments with b. napus embryos showed that intermediates are detectable during the pronapin processing. intact pronapin was expressed by baculovirus in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells in order to obtain substrate for studying the processing event. processing of pronapin with a crude b. napus embryo protein extract resulted in several fragments of simil ...	1996	9004547
chemical basis of the resistance of barley seeds to pathogenic fungi.	the 5-(n)-alkylresorcinol fraction of the epicuticular waxes of hordeum vulgare seeds appeared to be responsible for their in-born resistance to pathogenic fungi such as aspergillus niger and penicillium crysogenum. the antifungal properties of this fraction were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively with a novel bioassay where the extreme lipophilicity of these compounds was taken into account. the minimum inhibitory concentration in the fungi tested ranged from 5.6 to 10 micrograms cm-2 f ...	1997	9014369
development of a simple transient assay for ac/ds activity in cells of intact barley tissue.	the development of a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) transformation system made it possible to consider the use of maize activator/dissociation (ac/ds) transposable elements for gene tagging in transgenic barley plants. however, barley transformation is time-consuming, and therefore a simple transient assay for ac/ds activity in intact barley tissues was developed to test the components of a proposed gene tagging system, prior to their stable introduction into plants. in this assay, barley scutellar ...	1997	9025309
cloning and mapping of a putative barley nadph-dependent hc-toxin reductase.	the nadph-dependent hc-toxin reductase (hctr), encoded by hm1 in maize, inactivates hc-toxin produced by the fungus cochliobolus carbonum, and thus confers resistance to the pathogen. the fact that c. carbonum only infects maize (zea mays) and is the only species known to produce hc-toxin raises the question: what are the biological functions of hctr in other plant species? an hctr-like enzyme may function to detoxify toxins produced by pathogens which infect other plant species (r. b. meeley, g ...	1997	9057330
the glycosylation of the aspartic proteinases from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and cardoon (cynara cardunculus l.).	plant aspartic proteinases characterised at the molecular level contain one or more consensus n-glycosylation sites [runeberg-roos, p., tŏrmäkangas, k. & ostman, a. (1991) eur. j. biochem. 202, 1021-1027; asakura, t., watanabe, h., abe, k. & arai, s. (1995) eur. j. biochem, 232, 77-83; veríssimo, p., faro, c., moir, a. j. g., lin, y., tang, j. & pires, e. (1996) eur. j. biochem. 235, 762-768]. we found that the glycosylation sites are occupied for the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) aspartic protein ...	1997	9057834
subcellular and tissue distribution, partial purification, and sequencing of calmodulin-stimulated ca2+-transporting atpases from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and tobacco (nicotiana tabacum).	the subcellular distribution of plasma-membrane-type ca2+-transporting atpases was studied in barley leaves (hordeum vulgare l.). a highly enriched plasma membrane (pm) fraction was analysed for ca2+ pumps and compared with several inner-membrane preparations, including the tonoplast, the envelope of the chloroplast, and an endoplasmic reticulum (er)-enriched fraction. the enzymes were identified and characterised with regard to the phosphointermediate formation, their nucleotide specificity and ...	1997	9063442
molecular characterization of hor v 9. conservation of a t-cell epitope among group ix pollen allergens and human vcam and cd2.	we have cloned, sequenced and expressed a recombinant group ix pollen allergen from barley (hordeum vulgare). hor v 9 is a polypeptide of 313 amino acids. the hor v 9 cdna clone was engineered into the e. coli protein expression vector pmal and expressed as a fusion of maltose binding protein and truncated hor v 9. polyclonal antibodies to the fusion protein were raised in mice. cross-reactive proteins, rna and dna homologues were found in many agricultural species including wheat, rye, tritical ...	1996	9095254
purification and characterization of wall-bound exo-1,3-beta-d-glucanase from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings.	a beta-d-glucanase activity hydrolyzing 1,3:1,4-beta-d-glucan was released from the cell walls of barley by 3 m licl treatment. it was purified by sequential cation-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic chromatography. the molecular mass of the glucanase was 66 kda as determined by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sequence determination of the first thirty amino acids of the n-terminus revealed a high homology of this enzyme to the pseudomonas 1,4-beta-d-glucosidase (56.5%). the purifi ...	1997	9097482
heterologous expression and characterization of wild-type and mutant forms of a 26 kda endochitinase from barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	to investigate structure-function relationships in plant chitinases, we have developed a heterologous expression system for the 26 kda endochitinase from hordeum vulgare l. (barley). escherichia coli cells harbouring the gene in a t7 rna polymerase-based expression vector synthesized completely insoluble recombinant protein under standard induction conditions at 37 degrees c. however, a concentration of soluble recombinant protein of approx. 15 mg/l was achieved by inducing bacteria at low tempe ...	1997	9148754
molecular cloning and expression of the large subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves.	a cdna clone, blpl14, corresponding to the large subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), has been isolated from a cdna library prepared from leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). an open reading frame encodes a protein of 503 aa, with a calculated molecular weight of 54815. the derived aa sequence contains a putative transit peptide sequence, required for targeting to plastids, and has a highly conserved positioning of critical lys residues that are believed to be involved in effecto ...	1997	9161415
dna binding sites recognised in vitro by a knotted class 1 homeodomain protein encoded by the hooded gene, k, in barley (hordeum vulgare).	the homeodomain of the knotted classes of transcription factors from plants differs from the well characterized antp/en type homeodomains from drosophila at key amino acid residues contributing to the dna binding. a cdna, hvh21, derived from the hooded gene and encoding a full length homolog of knotted1 from maize was isolated from barley seedlings and expressed as a maltose binding protein fusion in e. coli. the purified hvh21-fusion protein selected dna fragments with 1-3 copies of the sequenc ...	1997	9180261
expression of the ribosome-inactivating protein jip60 from barely in transgenic tobacco leads to an abnormal phenotype and alterations on the level of translation.	in this paper we report the in-planta activity of the ribosome-inactivating protein jip60, a 60-kda jasmonate-induced protein from barley (hordeum vulgare l.), in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants. all plants expressing the complete jip60 cdna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter exhibited conspicuous and similar phenotypic alterations, such as slower growth, shorter internodes, lanceolate leaves, reduced root development, and premature senescence ...	1997	9265788
aflp-based fine mapping of the mlo gene to a 30-kb dna segment of the barley genome.	resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare) to the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei is conferred by several dominant genes, but also by recessive alleles of the mlo locus mapping on the long arm of chromosome 4. in addition, this single-factor-mediated resistance is active against all known physiological races of the parasite. thus the mechanism underlying mlo-mediated resistance should differ substantially from that mediated by the dominant genes. a positional cloning strategy to ...	1997	9286701
methyl jasmonate induces an o-methyltransferase in barley.	we have previously described a truncated cdna clone for a barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. salome) jasmonate regulated gene, jrg5, which shows homology to caffeic acid o-methyltransferase (comt). a cdna encompassing the coding region was amplified by pcr and cloned for overexpression in e. coli. western blot analyses indicate that the recombinant protein crossreacts with the antibodies directed against the tobacco class ii omt and only weakly with the antibodies for the tobacco class i omt. an imm ...	1997	9297848
structure and blue-light-responsive transcription of a chloroplast psbd promoter from arabidopsis thaliana.	we characterized the effects of light on psbd transcription and mrna levels during chloroplast development in arabidopsis thaliana. after 6 to 12 hours of illumination of dark-grown seedlings, two psbd mrnas were detected and their 5' ends were mapped to positions -550 and -190 bp upstream from the psbd translational start codon. their kinetics of accumulation resembled the accumulation of chloroplast psba and rbcl mrnas but differed from the accumulation of the nuclear-encoded lhcb and chs mrna ...	1997	9306699
two homologous low-temperature-inducible genes from arabidopsis encode highly hydrophobic proteins.	we have characterized two related cdnas (rci2a and rci2b) corresponding to genes from arabidopsis thaliana, the expression of which is transiently induced by low, nonfreezing temperatures. rci2a and rci2b encode small (54 amino acids), highly hydrophobic proteins that bear two potential transmembrane domains. they show similarity to proteins encoded by genes from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheatgrass (lophophyrum elongatum) that are regulated by different stress conditions. their high level ...	1997	9342870
on the origins of the tetraploid bromus species (section bromus, poaceae): insights from internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna.	the internal transcribed spacer (its) region of nuclear ribosomal dna from 22 diploid and tetraploid annual bromus species of section bromus (poaceae) and three species belonging to other bromus sections, bromus catharticus (section ceratochloa), bromus anomalus (section pnigma), and bromus sterilis (section genea), were investigated by pcr amplification and direct sequencing. the length of the its-1 region varied from 215 to 218 bp, and that of the its-2 region from 215 to 216 bp, in the specie ...	1997	9352648
cloning and characterisation of a novel p-glycoprotein homologue from barley.	p-glycoproteins are members of a large superfamily of transport proteins (the 'traffic atpases') that utilize atp to translocate a wide range of substrates across biological membranes. using a pcr-based approach, and degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to conserved motifs, two 300-bp cdna fragments (pbmdr1 and pbmdr2) with a significant sequence similarity to mammalian p-glycoproteins were amplified from barley (hordeum vulgare) root poly a+ rna and used as probes to screen a barley root c ...	1997	9358056
differential immunological cross-reactions with antisera against the v-atpase of kalanchoë daigremontiana reveal structural differences of v-atpase subunits of different plant species.	two antisera (atp88 and atp95) raised against the v-atpase holoenzyme of kalanchoë daigremontiana were tested for their cross-reactivity with subunits of v-atpases from other plant species. v-atpases from kalanchoë blossfeldiana, mesembryanthemum crystallinum, nicotiana tabacum, lycopersicon esculentum, citrus limon, lemna gibba, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were immunoprecipitated with an antiserum against the catalytic v-atpase subunit a of m. crystallinum. as shown by silver staining and west ...	1997	9372182
differential induction of adaptive responses by paraquat and hydrogen peroxide against the genotoxicity of methyl mercuric chloride, maleic hydrazide and ethyl methane sulfonate in plant cells in vivo.	induction of adaptive response by conditioning doses of paraquat (pq) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in embryonic shoot cells of hordeum vulgare and root meristem cells of allium cepa was tested against the genotoxicity of challenge doses of methyl mercuric chloride (mmcl), maleic hydrazide (mh) or ethylmethane sulfonate (ems). plant tissue fixed at different recovery hours following the challenge treatments was analysed for cells with genotoxicity markers that include spindle or chromosome aberra ...	1997	9393614
the ty1-copia group of retrotransposons in plants: genomic organisation, evolution, and use as molecular markers.	the genomic organisation and diversity of the ty1-copia group retrotransposons has been investigated in several crop plants and their relatives from both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous families, including potato (solanum tuberosum), faba beans (vicia faba), vicia melanops, vicia sativa, barley (hordeum vulgare), rye (secale cereale), and onion (allium cepa). extreme heterogeneity in the sequence of the ty1-copia retrotransposons from all these plants was revealed following sequence analysis ...	1997	9440274
differential processing of homologues of the small subunit of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase from barley (hordeum vulgare) tissues.	adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase), a two-gene-encoded enzyme, is the key component of starch synthesis in all plants. in the present study, we have used an e. coli expression system for the (over)production of proteins derived from both full length and specifically truncated cdnas encoding small subunits of agpase from seed endosperm (agpase-b1) and leaves (agpase-b2) of barley (hordeum vulgare). based on immunoblot analyses, the molecular mass of the expressed agpase-b1 (52 kd) was similar ...	1997	9463938
characterization of a calmodulin-binding transporter from the plasma membrane of barley aleurone.	we have used arabidopsis calmodulin (cam) covalently coupled to horseradish peroxidase to screen a barley aleurone cdna expression library for cam binding proteins. the deduced amino acid sequence of one cdna obtained by this screen was shown to be a unique protein of 702 amino acids with cam and cyclic nucleotide binding domains at the carboxyl terminus and high similarity to olfactory and k+ channels. this cdna was designated hvcbt1 (hordeum vulgare cam binding transporter). hydropathy plots o ...	1998	9465122
the photosystem ii subunit cp29 can be phosphorylated in both c3 and c4 plants as suggested by sequence analysis.	the cp29 subunit of photosystem ii is reversibly phosphorylated in zea mays upon exposure to high light in the cold (bergantino et al., j biol chem 270 (1995) 8474-8481). this phenomenon was previously proposed to be restricted to c4 plants. we present the complete sequence of the cp29 protein, deduced from a maize lhcb4 cdna clone, and its comparison with the previously known lhcb4 sequences of two c3 plants: hordeum vulgare and arabidopsis thaliana. despite the relatively low degree of homolog ...	1998	9484458
an epidermis/papilla-specific oxalate oxidase-like protein in the defence response of barley attacked by the powdery mildew fungus.	a cdna clone of a defence response transcript was isolated from a library prepared from barley leaves expressing papilla resistance towards the powdery mildew fungus, blumeria (syn. erysiphe) graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh). the 904 bp sequence encodes a 229 amino acid polypeptide with a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids. after cleavage, the protein has a mass of 22.3 kda and exhibits up to 60% amino acid identity to certain dicot proteins, and 46% amino acid identity to barley oxalate oxida ...	1998	9484466
identification of a novel isoform of the chloroplast-coupling factor alpha-subunit.	studies were conducted to identify a 64-kd thylakoid membrane protein of unknown function. the protein was extracted from chloroplast thylakoids under low ionic strength conditions and purified to homogeneity by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. four peptides generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the wheat 64-kd protein were sequenced and found to be identical to internal sequences of the chloroplast-coupling factor (cf1) alpha-subunit. antibodies for th ...	1998	9489017
characterization of a methyljasmonate-inducible lipoxygenase from barley (hordeum vulgare cv. salome) leaves.	we found three methyl jasmonate-induced lipoxygenases with molecular masses of 92 kda, 98 kda, and 100 kda (lox-92, -98 and -100) [feussner, i., hause, b., vörös, k., parthier, b. & wasternack, c. (1995) plant j. 7, 949-957]. at least two of them (lox-92 and lox-100), were shown to be localized within chloroplasts of barley leaves. here, we describe the isolation of a cdna (3073 bp) coding for lox-100, a protein of 936 amino acid residues and a molecular mass of 106 kda. by sequence comparison t ...	1998	9492266
herbicide safener-binding protein of maize. purification, cloning, and expression of an encoding cdna.	dichloroacetamide safeners protect maize (zea mays l.) against injury from chloroacetanilide and thiocarbamate herbicides. etiolated maize seedlings have a high-affinity cytosolic-binding site for the safener [3h](r,s)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1, 3-oxazol-idine ([3h]saf), and this safener-binding activity (safba) is competitively inhibited by the herbicides. the safener-binding protein (safbp), purified to homogeneity, has a relative molecular weight of 39,000, as shown by sodium dodecyl ...	1998	9501141
molecular characterization of the oxalate oxidase involved in the response of barley to the powdery mildew fungus.	previously we reported that oxalate oxidase activity increases in extracts of barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves in response to the powdery mildew fungus (blumeria [syn. erysiphe] graminis f.sp. hordei) and proposed this as a source of h2o2 during plant-pathogen interactions. in this paper we show that the n terminus of the major pathogen-response oxalate oxidase has a high degree of sequence identity to previously characterized germin-like oxalate oxidases. two cdnas were isolated, phvoxoa, which ...	1998	9576772
association of ferredoxin-nadp oxidoreductase with the chloroplastic pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex in barley leaves	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) leaves were used to isolate and characterize the chloroplast nad(p)h dehydrogenase complex. the stroma fraction and the thylakoid fraction solubilized with sodium deoxycholate were analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the enzymes detected with nadh and nitroblue tetrazolium were electroeluted. the enzymes electroeluted from band s from the stroma fraction and from bands t1 (et1) and t2 from the thylakoid fraction solubilized with sodium deoxychol ...	1998	9576793
analysis of plastid dna-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants.	a wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)dna sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous dna) was undertaken. digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear dna in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. some species, such as gossypium hirsutum (cotton), nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these se ...	1998	9615455
structure, expression and localization of a germin-like protein in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) that is insolubilized in stressed leaves.	the primary leaves of young barley seedlings contain two major, extracellular, acid-soluble proteins of ca. 22 and 23 kda apparent molecular mass. these proteins disappeared from the intercellular washing fluid upon stress treatments that enhanced h2o2 levels and that induced resistance to subsequent challenge by the powdery mildew fungus erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. a partial peptide sequence of the 22 kda protein was determined, and a cdna clone was isolated. the 22 kda protein belongs the ...	1998	9617802
allele-dependent barley grain beta-amylase activity.	the wild ancestor of cultivated barley, hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (k. koch) a. & gr. (h. spontaneum), is a source of wide genetic diversity, including traits that are important for malting quality. a high beta-amylase trait was previously identified in h. spontaneum strains from israel, and transferred into the backcross progeny of a cross with the domesticated barley cv adorra. we have used southern-blot analysis and beta-amy1 gene characterization to demonstrate that the high beta-amyl ...	1998	9625721
molecular size and net charge of pathogenesis-related enzymes from barley (hordeum vulgare l., v. karat) infected with drechslera teres f. teres (sacch.) shoem.	molecular size and net charge of isoforms of pathogenesis-related (pr) chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase were studied in uninfected barley (hordeum vulgare l., v. karat) leaves and in barley leaves infected with the pathogenic fungus drechslera teres f. teres (sacch.) shoem. molecular characteristics were determined by time-dependent polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis under native conditions and by applying an extended version of the computer program mol-mass (rothe, g. m., w ...	1998	9629909
in vivo transfer of barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus ribonucleotides to the 5' terminus of maize stripe tenuivirus rnas.	the tenuivirus maize stripe virus (mstv) shares many properties with viruses in the genus phlebovirus of the family bunyaviridae. besides genome organization and gene expression strategies, one property shared by these plant- and vertebrate-infecting viruses is that transcription gives rise to virus-specific mrnas containing nonviral 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences. the 5'-terminal nucleotides are believed to be derived from host mrna sequences as a result of "cap-snatching." we investigated wh ...	1998	9653182
pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant status of the apoplast in barley leaves	leaves of two barley (hordeum vulgare l.) isolines, alg-r, which has the dominant mla1 allele conferring hypersensitive race-specific resistance to avirulent races of blumeria graminis, and alg-s, which has the recessive mla1 allele for susceptibility to attack, were inoculated with b. graminis f. sp. hordei. total leaf and apoplastic antioxidants were measured 24 h after inoculation when maximum numbers of attacked cells showed hypersensitive death in alg-r. cytoplasmic contamination of the apo ...	1998	9662553
localization of a myosin-like protein to plasmodesmata.	myosin has been localized to plasmodesmata in root tissues of allium cepa, zea mays and hordeum vulgare using a polyclonal antibody to animal myosin in both fluorescence and electron microscopy. labelling was also observed throughout the cytoplasm, mainly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. on western blots, bands of 180 and 110 kda were consistently labelled in all three species. these bands were also labelled when the blot was incubated in actin prior to staining wit ...	1998	9681037
expression of cdc2zm and knotted1 during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation in maize (zea mays l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	expression of cdc2zm and knotted1 (kn1) in maize (zea mays l.) and their cross-reacting proteins in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) was studied using immunolocalization during in-vitro axillary shoot meristem proliferation and adventitious shoot meristem formation. expression of cdc2zm, a protein involved in cell division, roughly correlated with in-vitro cell proliferation and in the meristematic domes cdc2zm expression was triggered during in-vitro proliferation. analysis of the expression of kn1, ...	1998	9684373
cloning and expression of a new cdna from monocotyledonous plants coding for a diadenosine 5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate hydrolase from barley (hordeum vulgare).	from a cdna library generated from mrna of white leaf tissues of the ribosome-deficient mutant 'albostrians' of barley (hordeum vulgare cv. haisa) a cdna was isolated carrying 54.2% identity to a recently published cdna which codes for the diadenosine-5',5'''-p1,p4-tetraphosphate (ap4a) hydrolase of lupinus angustifolius (maksel et al. (1998) biochem. j. 329, 313-319), and 69% identity to four partial peptide sequences of ap4a hydrolase of tomato. overexpression in escherichia coli revealed a pr ...	1998	9714569
the core domain of retrotransposon integrase in hordeum: predicted structure and evolution.	propagation of long terminal repeat (ltr)-bearing retrotransposons and retroviruses requires integrase (in, ec 2.7.7.-), encoded by the retroelements themselves, which mediates the insertion of cdna copies back into the genome. an active retrotransposon family, bare-1, comprises approximately 7% of the barley (hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) genome. we have generated models for the secondary and tertiary structure of bare-1 in and demonstrate their similarity to structures for human immunodefici ...	1998	9729878
identification of sequence homology between the internal hydrophilic repeated motifs of group 1 late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins in plants and hydrophilic repeats of the general stress protein gsib of bacillus subtilis.	late embryogenesis abundant (lea) proteins are speculated to protect against water stress in plants. group 1 lea proteins are hydrophilic and vary mainly in the numbers of an extremely hydrophilic internal 20-amino-acid motif. this motif is present up to four times in arabidopsis thaliana and hordeum vulgare group 1 proteins and has been described in numerous plant species. however, no similarity has yet been described between group 1 genes or gene products and those from non-plant species. we r ...	1998	9763714
expression of a functional barley sucrose-fructan 6-fructosyltransferase in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris.	the cdna encoding sucrose-fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft) from barley (hordeum vulgare) has been expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris, using a translational fusion into vector ppicz alphac, containing the n-terminal signal sequence of saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor to allow entry into the secretory pathway. transformed pichia produced and secreted a functional 6-sft which had characteristics similar to the barley enzyme, but had a pronounced additional 1-sst activi ...	1998	9872402
cloning of nicotianamine synthase genes, novel genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytosiderophores.	nicotianamine synthase (nas), the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway for the mugineic acid family of phytosiderophores, catalyzes the trimerization of s-adenosylmethionine to form one molecule of nicotianamine. we purified nas protein and isolated the genes nas1, nas2, nas3, nas4, nas5-1, nas5-2, and nas6, which encode nas and nas-like proteins from fe-deficient barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv ehimehadaka no. 1) roots. escherichia coli expressing nas1 showed nas activity, confirming that this ...	1999	9952442
the interaction between cold and light controls the expression of the cold-regulated barley gene cor14b and the accumulation of the corresponding protein.	we report the expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cor (cold-regulated) gene cor14b (formerly pt59) and the accumulation of its chloroplast-localized protein product. a polyclonal antibody raised against the cor14b-encoded protein detected two chloroplast cor proteins: cor14a and cor14b. n-terminal sequencing of cor14a and expression of cor14b in arabidopsis plants showed that cor14a is not encoded by the cor14b sequence, but it shared homology with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wcs1 ...	1999	9952464
a photoperiod-insensitive barley line contains a light-labile phytochrome b	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a long-day plant whose flowering is enhanced when the photoperiod is supplemented with far-red light, and this promotion is mediated by phytochrome. a chemically mutagenized dwarf cultivar of barley was selected for early flowering time (barley maturity daylength response [bmdr]-1) and was made isogenic with the cultivar shabet (bmdr-8) by backcrossing. bmdr-1 was found to contain higher levels of both phytochrome a and phytochrome b in the dark on immunoblots with ...	1999	10069841
comparison of kinetic properties of amine oxidases from sainfoin and lentil and immunochemical characterization of copper/quinoprotein amine oxidases.	kinetic properties of novel amine oxidase isolated from sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia) were compared to those of typical plant amine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.6) from lentil (lens culinaris). the amine oxidase from sainfoin was active toward substrates, such as 1,5-diaminopentane (cadaverine) with k(m) of 0.09 mm and 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) with k(m) of 0.24 mm. the maximum rate of oxidation for cadaverine at saturating concentration was 2.7 fold higher than that of putrescine. the amine oxidas ...	1999	10092944
hypersensitive cell death and papilla formation in barley attacked by the powdery mildew fungus are associated with hydrogen peroxide but not with salicylic acid accumulation	we analyzed the pathogenesis-related generation of h2o2 using the microscopic detection of 3,3-diaminobenzidine polymerization in near-isogenic barley (hordeum vulgare l.) lines carrying different powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) resistance genes, and in a line expressing chemically activated resistance after treatment with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (dcina). hypersensitive cell death in mla12 and mlg genotypes or after chemical activation by dcina was associated with h2o2 accu ...	1999	10198083
cloning and characterization of a gibberellin-induced rnase expressed in barley aleurone cells.	we cloned a cdna for a gibberellin-induced ribonuclease (rnase) expressed in barley (hordeum vulgare) aleurone and the gene for a second barley rnase expressed in leaf tissue. the protein encoded by the cdna is unique among rnases described to date in that it contains a novel 23-amino acid insert between the c2 and c3 conserved sequences. expression of the recombinant protein in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) suspension-cultured protoplasts gave an active rnase of the expected size, confirming the ...	1999	10198105
reference standards for determination of dna content of plant nuclei.	flow cytometry was used to compare 14 potential reference standards for plant dna content determination. both chicken and plant internal standards were used, as were propidium iodide (pi) and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) as fluorochromes. means and standard errors of the means are presented for the 14 potential reference standards, and the means are compared to those obtained by feulgen densitometry. five species are recommended as an initial set of international standards for future pla ...	1999	10330063
isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase from germinating barley.	the gene encoding the starch debranching enzyme limit dextrinase, ld, from barley (hordeum vulgare), was isolated from a genomic phage library using a barley cdna clone as probe. the gene encodes a protein of 904 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 98.6 kda. this is in agreement with a value of 105 kda estimated by sds-page. the coding sequence is interrupted by 26 introns varying in length from 93 bp to 825 bp. the 27 exons vary in length from 53 bp to 197 bp. southern blot ...	1999	10350630
barley coleoptile peroxidases. purification, molecular cloning, and induction by pathogens.	a cdna clone encoding the prx7 peroxidase from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) predicted a 341-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 36,515. n- and c-terminal putative signal peptides were present, suggesting a vacuolar location of the peroxidase. immunoblotting and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that the prx7 protein and mrna accumulated abundantly in barley coleoptiles and in leaf epidermis inoculated with powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis). two isoperoxidase ...	1999	10364401
subunit c of the vacuolar h+-atpase of hordeum vulgare.	the molecular cloning of the first subunit c of the plant vacuolar h+-atpase is reported. tonoplast vesicles were purified from barley leaves by sucrose gradient centrifugation, and the tonoplast polypeptides were separated by two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. using an anti-atpase holoenzyme antibody, a polypeptide was recognized in the molecular mass range of 40 kda with an isoelectric point of about 6.0, and tentatively identified as subunit c. the polypeptide spot was excised from ab ...	1999	10452532
regulation of the hvst1 gene encoding a high-affinity sulfate transporter from hordeum vulgare.	a cdna, hvst1, was isolated from hordeum vulgare by heterologous complementation in escherichia coli. this cdna encodes a high-affinity sulfate transporter that is 2442 bp in length and consists of 660 amino acids. under steady-state conditions of sulfate supply during culture, sulfate influx (measured at 100 microm external sulfate concentration) and hvst1 transcript level were inversely correlated with sulfate concentrations in the culture solution. glutathione (gsh) concentrations increased a ...	1999	10487222
rhizosphere microbial community structure in relation to root location and plant iron nutritional status.	root exudate composition and quantity vary in relation to plant nutritional status, but the impact of the differences on rhizosphere microbial communities is not known. to examine this question, we performed an experiment with barley (hordeum vulgare) plants under iron-limiting and iron-sufficient growth conditions. plants were grown in an iron-limiting soil in root box microcosms. one-half of the plants were treated with foliar iron every day to inhibit phytosiderophore production and to alter ...	2000	10618246
genetic diversity of old french six-rowed winter barley varieties assessed with molecular, biochemical and morphological markers and its relation to bammv resistance	twenty-six old french six-rowed winter barley (hordeum vulgare l.) varieties were characterized for their reaction against barley mild mosaic virus (bammv). the genetic diversity of these varieties and two recent barley varieties was assessed using molecular, biochemical and morphological data. seven old varieties were fully resistant to bammv. a higher differentiation level between varieties was observed by using dna molecular markers compared to biochemical and morphological ones. corresponden ...	1999	10620029
purification and characterization of barley dipeptidyl peptidase iv.	barley (hordeum vulgare l.) storage proteins, which have a high content of proline (pro) and glutamine, are cleaved by cysteine endoproteases to yield peptides with a pro next to the n-terminal and/or c-terminal amino acid residues. a peptidase cleaving after xaa-pro- at the n terminus of peptides was purified from green barley malt. it was identified as a serine-type dipeptidyl peptidase (dpp), based on inhibitor studies, and the nature of the cleavage product. it is a monomeric glycoprotein wi ...	2000	10677435
aluminium triggers genotoxic adaptation to methyl mercuric chloride and ethyl methane sulfonate, but not to maleic hydrazide in plant cells in vivo.	non-toxic, conditioning doses of aluminium chloride were tested for induction of adaptive response to the genotoxic challenge doses of methyl mercuric chloride (mmcl), maleic hydrazide (mh) and ethyl methane sulfonate (ems). embryonic shoot cells of hordeum vulgare and root meristem cells of allium cepa were employed as the assay systems. plant tissues fixed at different recovery hours following the challenge treatments with or without prior al-conditioning were analyzed for cells with genotoxic ...	2000	10708964
inheritance and rapd tagging of multiple genes for resistance to net blotch in barley.	a doubled haploid barley (hordeum vulgare l.) population that was created from a cross between cultivars 'léger' and 'ci 9831' was characterized by rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) markers for resistance to isolate wrs857 of pyrenophora teres drechs. f. sp. maculata smedeg., the causal agent of the spot form of net blotch. resistance, which initially appeared to be conferred by a single gene from the approximate 1:1 (resistant : susceptible) segregation ratio of the doubled-haploid (dh) p ...	2000	10791809
haeiii induces position-dependent chromosomal breakage in barley (hordeum vulgare l.).	the pattern of localized chromosomal breakage induced by the restriction endonuclease haeiii in reconstructed barley karyotypes t-1586 and t-21 was investigated. it was found that nucleolus organizing regions (nors) of chromosomes 6 and 7 (segments 46 and 38, respectively), containing actively transcribed ribosomal (r)dna, as well as segments 39 and 47, both containing condensed rdna repeats, are the most pronounced aberration hot-spots in t-1586. the number of aberrations observed in these segm ...	2000	10792023
octadecanoid-derived alteration of gene expression and the "oxylipin signature" in stressed barley leaves. implications for different signaling pathways.	stress-induced gene expression in barley (hordeum vulgare cv salome) leaves has been correlated with temporally changing levels of octadecanoids and jasmonates, quantified by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-single ion monitoring. application of sorbitol-induced stress led to a low and transient rise of jasmonic acid (ja), its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid (opda), and the methyl esters jame and opdame, respectively, followed by a large increase in their levels. ja and jame peake ...	2000	10806235
disaccharide-mediated regulation of sucrose:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase, a key enzyme of fructan synthesis in barley leaves.	previous work has indicated that sugar sensing may be important in the regulation of fructan biosynthesis in grasses. we used primary leaves of barley (hordeum vulgare cv baraka) to study the mechanisms involved. excised leaf blades were supplied in the dark with various carbohydrates. fructan pool sizes and two key enzymes of fructan biosynthesis, sucrose (suc):suc-1-fructosyltransferase (1-sst; ec 2. 4.1.99) and suc:fructan-6-fructosyltransferase (6-sft; ec 2.4.1.10) were analyzed. upon supply ...	2000	10806243
purification, enzymatic characterization, and nucleotide sequence of a high-isoelectric-point alpha-glucosidase from barley malt.	high-isoelectric-point (pi) alpha-glucosidase was purified 7, 300-fold from an extract of barley (hordeum vulgare) malt by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange, and butyl-sepharose chromatography. the enzyme had high activity toward maltose (k(cat) = 25 s(-1)), with an optimum at ph 4.5, and catalyzed the hydrolysis by a retaining mechanism, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance. acarbose was a strong inhibitor (k(i) = 1.5 microm). molecular recognition revealed that all oh-groups in th ...	2000	10806244
high-affinity potassium transport in barley roots. ammonium-sensitive and -insensitive pathways.	in an attempt to understand the process mediating k(+) transport into roots, we examined the contribution of the nh(4)(+)-sensitive and nh(4)(+)-insensitive components of rb(+) transport to the uptake of rb(+) in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants grown in different ionic environments. we found that at low external rb(+) concentrations, an nh(4)(+)-sensitive component dominates rb(+) uptake in plants grown in the absence of nh(4)(+), while rb(+) uptake preferentially occurs through an nh(4)(+)-i ...	2000	10806246
antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions.	the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of water and 80% methanolic extracts of cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. almari and cv. henika, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cv. gregor and cv. mobek, rye (secale cereale l.) cv. dańkowskie zlote, oat (avena sativa l.) cv. slawko and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) cv. kora were used. pc (l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) liposome system and spectrophotometric assay of ...	2000	10888490
natural and synthetic podolactones with potential use as natural herbicide models.	a collection of 11 natural and synthetic podolactones have been tested as allelochemicals in a range between 10(-4) and 10(-9) m, and their potential use as natural herbicide models is discussed. their effects on the germination and growth of the dicots lactuca sativa (cv. nigra and cv. roman), lepidium sativum, and lycopersicon esculentum and the monocots allium cepa, hordeum vulgare, and triticum aestivum as standard target species have been studied. an important inhibitory effect on the germi ...	2000	10898656
induced activity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) in iron-deficiency barley roots: a possible role for phytosiderophore production.	to isolate the genes involved in the response of graminaceous plants to fe-deficient stress, a protein induced by fe-deficiency treatment was isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots. based on the partial amino acid sequence of this protein, a cdna (hvapt1) encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt: ec 2.4.2.7) was cloned from a cdna library prepared from fe-deficient barley roots. southern analysis suggested that there were at least two genes encoding aprt in barley. fe deficiency ...	2000	10937693
the barley scutellar peptide transporter: biochemical characterization and localization to the plasma membrane.	thiol-affinity labelling was used to identify and characterize components of the peptide transport system in the barley (hordeum vulgare) scutellar epithelium. sds-page and 2d-page in conjunction with fluorography were used to study derivatized proteins. membrane proteins of 42 kda and 66 kda were identified using a strategy devised to label substrate protectable protein with the thiol specific reagent [14c] n-ethylmaleimide (nem). the scutellar plasma membrane is the anticipated site of transpo ...	2000	10937695
early h(2)o(2) accumulation in mesophyll cells leads to induction of glutathione during the hyper-sensitive response in the barley-powdery mildew interaction.	h(2)o(2) production and changes in glutathione, catalase, and peroxidase were followed in whole-leaf extracts from the susceptible (algs [algerian/4* (f14) man.(s)]; ml-a1 allele) and resistant (algr [algerian/4* (f14) man.(r)]; ml-a1 allele) barley (hordeum vulgare) isolines between 12 and 24 h after inoculation with powdery mildew (blumeria graminis [dc]. speer [syn. erysiphe graminis dc] f.sp hordei marchal). localized papilla responses and cell death hypersensitive responses were not observe ...	2000	10938348
intercodon dinucleotides affect codon choice in plant genes.	in this work, 710 cdss corresponding to over 290 000 codons equally distributed between brassica napus, arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, glycine max, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were considered. for each amino acid, synonymous codon choice was determined in the presence of a, g, c or t as the initial nucleotide of the subsequent triplet; data were statistically analysed under the hypothesis of an independent assort ...	2000	10954603
starch-branching enzymes preferentially associated with a-type starch granules in wheat endosperm.	two starch granule-bound proteins (sgp), sgp-140 and sgp-145, were preferentially associated with a-type starch granules (>10 microm) in developing and mature wheat (triticum aestivum) kernels. immunoblotting and n-terminal sequencing suggested that the two proteins were different variants of sbeic, a 152-kd isoform of wheat starch-branching enzyme. both sgp-140 and sgp-145 were localized to the endosperm starch granules but were not found in the endosperm soluble fraction or pericarp starch gra ...	2000	10982441
quantitative study of the formation of endoproteolytic activities during malting and their stabilities to kilning.	the proteinases of germinating barley (hordeum vulgare l.) hydrolyze storage proteins into amino acids and small peptides that can be used by the growing plant or, during brewing, by yeast. they are critical for the malting and brewing processes because several aspects of brewing are affected by the amounts of protein, peptide, and amino acids that are in the wort. this study was carried out to quantitatively measure when endoproteinases form in green malt and whether they are inactivated at the ...	2000	10995288
bacterial origin and community composition in the barley phytosphere as a function of habitat and presowing conditions.	an understanding of the factors influencing colonization of the rhizosphere is essential for improved establishment of biocontrol agents. the aim of this study was to determine the origin and composition of bacterial communities in the developing barley (hordeum vulgare) phytosphere, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of 16s rrna genes amplified from extracted dna. discrete community compositions were identified in the endorhizosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere soil ...	2000	11010885
an aldose reductase homolog from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker.	an aldose reductase homologue (aldrxv4) was cloned from the resurrection plant xerophyta viscosa baker using complementation by functional sufficiency in escherichia coli. a cdna library constructed from x. viscosa leaves dehydrated to 85%, 37% and 5% relative water contents (rwc) was converted into an infective phagemid library. escherichia coli (sr1::tn10) cells transformed with ds-pbluescript phagemids were selected on minimal medium plates supplemented with 1 mm isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactop ...	2000	11089682
the blast algorithms: practical application in molecular cloning, marker-assisted selection (mas) and introgression of wheat.	blast (basic local alignment search) analyses of hordeum chilense rapd markers have shown dna sequence similarities with several plant genes. biologically significant hits were scored for: plastocianin (hordeum vulgare), alpha-gliadin (triticum aestivum), grandel-6 retrotransposon (zea diploperennis), retrofit (gag/pol) copia-like, transposon-like element (oryza longistaminata), copia-like retrotransposon hopscotch polyprotein (gag/pol) (zea mays) and several retrotransposons/retroelements from ...	2000	11092750
heterogeneous geographic patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity between two alcohol dehydrogenase genes in wild barley (hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum).	patterns of nucleotide sequence diversity in the predominantly self-fertilizing species hordeum vulgare subspecies spontaneum (wild barley) are compared between the putative alcohol dehydrogenase 3 locus (denoted "adh3") and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (adh1), two related but unlinked loci. the data consist of a sequence sample of 1,873 bp of "adh3" drawn from 25 accessions that span the species range. there were 104 polymorphic sites in the sequenced region of "adh3." the data reveal a strong geogr ...	2001	11149938
evolutionary conservation of kinetochore protein sequences in plants.	the evolutionary conservation of structural/functional kinetochore proteins has been studied on isolated nuclei and pro-/metaphase chromosomes of mono- and dicot plants. the cross-reactivities of antibodies against human cenpc, cenpe and cenpf, and against maize cenpca with the centromeric regions of mitotic chromosomes of vicia faba and/or hordeum vulgare are shown. putative homologs of the kinetochore protein skp1 (suppressor of kinetochore protein 1p of yeast) were found in both species and o ...	2000	11151678
evidence for symplastic phloem unloading in sink leaves of barley.	the pathway of phloem unloading in sink barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves was studied using a combination of electron microscopy, carboxyfluorescein transport, and systemic movement of barley stripe mosaic virus expressing the green fluorescent protein. studies of plasmodesmatal frequencies between the phloem and mesophyll indicated a symplastic sieve element- (se) unloading pathway involving thick-walled and thin-walled ses. phloem-translocated carboxyfluorescein was unloaded rapidly from major l ...	2001	11154330
freezing of barley studied by infrared video thermography.	freezing of barley (hordeum vulgare), hordeum murinum, and holcus lanatus was studied using infrared video thermography. in the field, ice could enter h. lanatus leaves through hydathodes. in laboratory tests with barley, initially 0.4% of the leaf water froze, spreading in alternate strips of high and low freezing intensity longitudinally at 1 to 4 cm s(-1), and simultaneously spreading laterally at 0.3 cm s(-1). similar results were obtained in the field with h. lanatus. a distinct second, mor ...	2001	11154332
phosphorus accumulation in cultivated soils from long-term annual applications of cattle feedlot manure.	historically, manure has been recognized as an excellent soil amendment that can improve soil quality and provide nutrients for crop production. in areas of high animal density, however, the potential for water pollution resulting from improper storage or disposal of manure may be significant. the objective of this study was to determine the p balance of cultivated soils under barley (hordeum vulgare l.) production that have received long-term annual manure amendments. nonirrigated soils at the ...	2001	11215658
analogue-resistant mutants of azotobacter chroococcum derepressed for nitrogenase activity and early ammonia excretion having potential as inoculants for cereal crops.	spontaneous mutants resistant to methionine sulfoximine (msx), methyl alanine (mal) and methyl ammonium chloride (mac) were derived from a. chroococcum strain a103. msx and mal-resistant mutants expressed 1.73 to 10.98% of the fully derepressed nitrogenase activity when grown in burk's medium containing ammonium acetate. mac-resistant mutants did not express nitrogenase activity in ammonium acetate supplemented medium. the mutants excreted ammonia even after 2 days of growth and some mutants exc ...	2000	11218815
barley mla and rar mutants compromised in the hypersensitive cell death response against blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei are modified in their ability to accumulate reactive oxygen intermediates at sites of fungal invasion.	the pathogenesis-related accumulation of superoxide radical anions (o2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) was comparatively analyzed in a barley line (hordeum vulgare l. cv sultan-5) carrying the powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei, speer, bgh) resistance gene mla12, and in susceptible mutants defective in mla12 or in genes "required for mla12-specified disease resistance" (rar1 and rar2). in-situ localization of reactive oxygen intermediates was performed both by microscopic detection o ...	2000	11219579
sequence haplotypes revealed by sequence-tagged site fine mapping of the ror1 gene in the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1h.	we describe the development of polymerase chain reaction-based, sequence-tagged site (sts) markers for fine mapping of the barley (hordeum vulgare) ror1 gene required for broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). after locating ror1 to the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1h using a combined amplified fragment length polymorphism/restriction fragment-length polymorphism (rflp) approach, sequences of rflp probes from this chromosome region of barley and ...	2001	11244105
active retrotransposons are a common feature of grass genomes.	a large fraction of the genomes of grasses, members of the family graminae, is composed of retrotransposons. these elements resemble animal retroviruses in their structure and possess a life cycle similar to theirs that includes transcription, translation, and integration of daughter copies. we have investigated if retrotransposons are generally transcribed in the grasses and other plants, and whether the various families of elements are translationally and integrationally active in multiple gra ...	2001	11244109
transposon-mediated single-copy gene delivery leads to increased transgene expression stability in barley.	instability of transgene expression in plants is often associated with complex multicopy patterns of transgene integration at the same locus, as well as position effects due to random integration. based on maize transposable elements activator (ac) and dissociation (ds), we developed a method to generate large numbers of transgenic barley (hordeum vulgare var golden promise) plants, each carrying a single transgene copy at different locations. plants expressing ac transposase (actpase) were cros ...	2001	11244115
the stress- and abscisic acid-induced barley gene hva22: developmental regulation and homologues in diverse organisms.	abscisic acid (aba) induces the expression of a battery of genes in mediating plant responses to environmental stresses. here we report one of the early aba-inducible genes in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), hva22, which shares little homology with other aba-responsive genes such as lea (late embryogenesis-abundant) and rab (responsive to aba) genes. in grains, the expression of hva22 gene appears to be correlated with the dormancy status. the level of hva22 mrna increases during grain development, ...	2001	11292078
antioxidant effects of water extracts from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) prepared under different roasting temperatures.	the antioxidant effects of water extracts of roasted barley (werb) were investigated under different roasting temperatures and compared with those of the water extracts of unroasted barley (weub). it was found that the maillard reaction products increased upon increasing the roasting temperatures. both werb and weub exhibited significant antioxidant activities in linoleic acid and liposome model systems. although werb and weub afforded considerable protection against the damage of deoxyribose an ...	2001	11312880
assessment of toxicity reduction after metal removal in bioleached sewage sludge.	sewage sludge can be applied to land to supply and recycle organic matter and nutrients. trace elements in sludge, however, may accumulate in the soil with repeated sludge applications. reducing metal content may therefore reduce the adverse effects of sludge application. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of bioleaching technology in reducing metal content and toxicity as measured by a battery of terrestrial and liquid-phase bioassays. sludge-soil mixtures simulating the ...	2001	11317888
barley arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolases: purification, characterization and determination of primary structures from cdna clones.	a family 51 arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase, designated axah-i, has been purified from extracts of 7-day-old barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings by fractional precipitation with (nh(4))(2)so(4) and ion-exchange chromatography. the enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 65 kda and releases l-arabinose from cereal cell wall arabinoxylans with a ph optimum of 4.3, a catalytic rate constant (k(cat)) of 6.9 s(-1) and a catalytic efficiency factor (k(cat)/k(m)) of 0.76 (ml x s(-1) x mg(-1)). w ...	2001	11336650
in vivo evidence that ids3 from hordeum vulgare encodes a dioxygenase that converts 2'-deoxymugineic acid to mugineic acid in transgenic rice.	we proposed that an fe-deficiency-induced gene, ids3 (iron deficiency specific clone no. 3), from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) roots encodes a dioxygenase that catalyzes the hydroxylation step from 2'-deoxymugineic acid (dma) to mugineic acid (ma). to prove this hypothesis, we introduced the ids3 gene into rice (oryza sativa l.), which lacks ids3 homologues and secretes dma, but not ma. transgenic rice plants, carrying either ids3 cdna or a barley genomic dna fragment (20 kb) containing ids3, wer ...	2001	11346963
enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species are down-regulated prior to gibberellic acid-induced programmed cell death in barley aleurone.	gibberellins (gas) initiate a series of events that culminate in programmed cell death, whereas abscisic acid (aba) prevents this process. reactive oxygen species (ros) are key elements in aleurone programmed cell death. incubation of barley (hordeum vulgare) aleurone layers in h2o2 causes rapid death of all cells in ga- but not aba-treated layers. sensitivity to h2o2 in ga-treated aleurone cells results from a decreased ability to metabolize ros. the amounts and activities of ros scavenging enz ...	2001	11351079
leaf surfaces and the bioavailability of pesticide residues.	laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity to folsomia candida willem (collembola: isotomidae) of residues of a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, and an organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, on different leaf surfaces. the test leaves included a range of species and leaves of different ages. dose-response relationships were estimated for f candida walking over the various treated leaf substrates. probit analysis was used to estimate the means and standard deviations ...	2001	11374156
oxidative responses of resistant and susceptible cereal leaves to symptomatic and nonsymptomatic cereal aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) feeding.	the impact of the leaf-chlorosis-eliciting russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), and the nonchlorosis-eliciting bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (l.), feeding on d. noxia-susceptible and -resistant cereals was examined during the period (i.e., 3, 6, and 9 d after aphid infestation) that leaf chlorosis developed. after aphid number, leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, and fresh leaf weight were recorded on each sampling date, total protein content, peroxidase, catalase, and p ...	2001	11425032
comparative genomic in situ hybridization (cgish) analysis on plant chromosomes revealed by labelled arabidopsis dna.	a new approach for comparative cytogenetic banding analysis of plant chromosomes has been established. the comparative gish (cgish) technique is universally applicable to various complex genomes of monocotyledonae (triticum aestivum, agropyron elongatum, secale cereale, hordeum vulgare, allium cepa, muscari armenaticum and lilium longiflorum) and dicotyledonae (vicia faba, beta vulgaris, arabidopsis thaliana). labelled total genomic dna of a. thaliana generates signals at conserved chromosome re ...	2001	11448038
constancy of nitrogen turnover kinetics in the plant cell: insights into the integration of subcellular n fluxes.	compartmental analysis with 13n was used to determine cytosolic nitrate (no3-) pools, and their turnover rates, in roots of intact barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv klondike) seedlings. influx, efflux, flux to the vacuole and assimilation, and flux to the xylem, varied as much as 300-fold over a wide range of external no3- conditions. by contrast, the kinetic constant kc describing cytosolic no3- turnover varied by less than 4% from a mean value of 0.0407 min(-1). accordingly, cytosolic no3- pools v ...	2001	11469581