Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| infection behavior of venturia nashicola, the cause of scab on asian pears. | abstract the infection of japanese pear by venturia nashicola, the cause of scab on asian pears (japanese pear, pyrus pylifolia var. culta; chinese pear, p. ussuriensis), was examined using light and electron microscopy to determine the mechanism of resistance in pears. early stages of infection were similar on the susceptible cv. kosui, the resistant cv. kinchaku, and the nonhost european pear (p. communis) cv. flemish beauty. v. nashicola penetrated only the cuticle layer on pear leaves and fo ... | 2000 | 18944422 |
| distribution and characterization of akt homologs in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata. | abstract the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces a host-selective toxin (hst), known as act-toxin, and causes alternaria brown spot disease of citrus. the structure of act-toxin is closely related to ak- and af-toxins, which are hsts produced by the japanese pear and strawberry pathotypes of a. alternata, respectively. ac-, ak-, and af-toxins are chemically similar and share a 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid moiety. two genes controlling ak-toxin biosynthesis (ak ... | 2000 | 18944496 |
| single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of apple stem grooving capillovirus sequence variants. | abstract in an earlier study, we demonstrated that isolates of apple stem grooving capillovirus (asgv) from fruit trees comprise at least two to four sequence variants that differ considerably from each other in nucleotide sequence. in order to characterize the population of sequence variants within a single tree, we applied a combination of an immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr) and a single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of a nested asymm ... | 1999 | 18944787 |
| aal-toxin-deficient mutants of alternaria alternata tomato pathotype by restriction enzyme-mediated integration. | abstract host-specific toxins are produced by three pathotypes of alternaria alternata: am-toxin, which affects apple; ak-toxin, which affects japanese pear; and aal-toxin, which affects tomato. each toxin has a role in pathogenesis. to facilitate molecular genetic analysis of toxin production, isolation of toxin-deficient mutants utilizing ectopic integration of plasmid dna has been attempted. however, the transformation frequency was low, and integration events in most transformants were compl ... | 1997 | 18945069 |
| molecular variability of the genomes of capilloviruses from apple, japanese pear, european pear, and citrus trees. | abstract the 3'-terminal regions of the genomes of apple stem grooving virus (asgv), isolated from apple, japanese pear, and european pear plants, and citrus tatter leaf virus (ctlv), isolated from citrus plants, were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the dna products were cloned and sequenced. the results indicated that the asgv isolates from apple, japanese pear, and european pear comprise at least two to four "sequence variants" that differ considerably from each o ... | 1997 | 18945117 |
| a polyphasic approach assigns the pathogenic erwinia strains from diseased pear trees in japan to erwinia pyrifoliae. | bacterial shoot blight of pear in japan (bsbp) is caused by erwinia strains which were formerly associated with the species erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight. the description of erwinia pyrifoliae as a pear pathogen in korea renewed a possible connection of the pear pathogens in both countries. | 2009 | 19187512 |
| sugar profiles and soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents of fruits in thailand markets. | the objective of the present study was to determine sugar and dietary fiber contents in 37 varieties of thai fruits. sugars were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and dietary fiber values were measured by the enzymatic-gravimetric method. the total sugar (sucrose, fructose and glucose) content ranged from 4.5 g/100 g (strawberry) to 20.3 g/100 g (ripe banana; hawm variety) edible portion. all varieties of ripe banana provided good sources of glucose, fructose and total sugar. ... | 2009 | 19255919 |
| function of genes encoding acyl-coa synthetase and enoyl-coa hydratase for host-selective act-toxin biosynthesis in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata. | the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces host-selective act-toxin and causes alternaria brown spot disease. sequence analysis of a genomic cosmid clone identified a part of the actt gene cluster and implicated two genes, actt5 encoding an acyl-coa synthetase and actt6 encoding an enoyl-coa hydratase, in the biosynthesis of act-toxin. genomic southern blots demonstrated that both genes were present in tangerine pathotype isolates producing act-toxin and also in japanese pear patho ... | 2009 | 19271978 |
| characterization and high-pressure microfluidization-induced activation of polyphenoloxidase from chinese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai). | polyphenoloxidase (ppo) from chinese pear ( pyrus pyrifolia nakai) was characterized using catechol as a substrate. ppo had a v(max) of 289.2 units/min and a k(m) of 3.8 mmol/l, which indicates that p. pyrifolia nakai ppo has a great affinity for catechol. the catalyzing reaction velocity was proportional to the ppo concentration. the optimum ph and temperature for ppo activity were 4.5 and 45 degrees c, respectively. in addition, an investigation was made on the effect of high-pressure microflu ... | 2009 | 19459640 |
| [region optimization of ssc model for pyrus pyrifolia by genetic algorithm]. | genetic algorithm is widely used in nirs data optimization, which is not limited by searching space. the region selecting by genetic algorithms (r-sga)was applied in building calibration model of soluble solid content (ssc)of pyrus pyrifolia, and the number of variables used to build calibration was further reduced from 2 075 to 690 in all of 3 models. studies were performed to build ga-pls models by different r-sga latent variables, and the optimal r-sga latent variables of hosui, wonhwang and ... | 2009 | 19650463 |
| molecular analysis of two chinese pear (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.) spontaneous self-compatible mutants, yan zhuang and jin zhui. | yan zhuang and jin zhui are spontaneous bud mutants of chinese pear (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.) from ya li. both fruit set rate and seed number after self-pollination, together with pollen tube growth, prove that yan zhuang and jin zhui are self-compatible. the fruit set rate and seed number after cross-pollination suggest that the self-compatibility of yan zhuang and jin zhui may be due to natural mutations of the stylar s allele and pollen s allele, respectively. pcr amplification of the s-rn ... | 2009 | 19689786 |
| molecular identification of mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) found on korean pears. | mealybugs are under a strict regulation at foreign trades of agricultural products because they are one of the most economically damaging groups of insects on food crops and ornamental plants. however, the absence of morphological characteristics enabling the discrimination of early life stages often cause a significant delay or rejection of a shipment when infested fruit is discovered, causing significant economic loss. a polymerase chain reaction-based method for species identification was dev ... | 2010 | 20214364 |
| contribution of peroxisomes to secondary metabolism and pathogenicity in the fungal plant pathogen alternaria alternata. | the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata includes seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes) which produce different host-selective toxins and cause diseases on different plants. the japanese pear pathotype produces the host-selective ak-toxin, an epoxy-decatrienoic acid ester, and causes black spot of japanese pear. previously, we identified four genes, akt1, akt2, akt3, and aktr, involved in ak toxin biosynthesis. akt1, akt2, and akt3 encode enzyme proteins with peroxisomal targeting signal typ ... | 2010 | 20348386 |
| anthocyanin biosynthesis in pears is regulated by a r2r3-myb transcription factor pymyb10. | skin color is an important factor in pear breeding programs. the degree of red coloration is determined by the content and composition of anthocyanins. in plants, many myb transcriptional factors are involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. in this study, a r2r3-myb transcription factor gene, pymyb10, was isolated from asian pear (pyrus pyrifolia) cv. 'aoguan'. sequence analysis suggested that the pymyb10 gene was an ortholog of mdmyb10 gene, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in r ... | 2010 | 20422209 |
| cytological and molecular analyses of non-host resistance of arabidopsis thaliana to alternaria alternata. | summary when challenged with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, all tested ecotypes of arabidopsis plants failed to show hypersensitive cell death, accumulation of detectable levels of reactive oxygen species or accumulation of phytoalexin. we operationally define a. alternata as a non-host pathogen for arabidopsis plants and show that the protection against a. alternata demonstrated in this study is a non-host penetration resistance. to characterize n ... | 2005 | 20565684 |
| apple s locus region represents a large cluster of related, polymorphic and pollen-specific f-box genes. | gametophytic self-incompatibility (gsi) of rosaceae, solanaceae and plantaginaceae is controlled by a complex s locus that encodes separate proteins for pistil and pollen specificities, extracellular ribonucleases (s-rnases) and f-box proteins sfb/slf, respectively. sfb/slfs of prunus (subfamily prunoideae of rosaceae), solanaceae and plantaginaceae are single copy in each s haplotype, while recently identified pollen s candidates sfbbs of subfamily maloideae of rosaceae, apple and japanese pear ... | 2010 | 20628788 |
| inhibitory effects of antioxidant reagent in reactive oxygen species generation and penetration of appressoria of alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype. | in the japanese pear pathotype of alternaria alternata, h2o2 is generated solely from penetration pegs and not from other portions of subcuticular hyphae within the pectin layers of host leaves. a close association between h2o2 generation and fungal aggressiveness is expected because the pegs are important for fungal penetration into the host epidermis. to determine the potential role of reactive oxygen species in microbial pathogenicity, we studied the inhibitory effects of the antioxidant reag ... | 2010 | 20701480 |
| pollen density on the stigma affects endogenous gibberellin metabolism, seed and fruit set, and fruit quality in pyrus pyrifolia. | to clarify the relationship between pollen density and gametophytic competition in pyrus pyrifolia, gametophytic performance, gibberellin metabolism, fruit set, and fruit quality were investigated by modifying p. pyrifolia pollen grain number and density with lycopodium spores. higher levels of pollen density improved seed viability, fruit set, and fruit quality. treatments with the highest pollen density showed a significantly increased fruit growth rate and larger fruit at harvest. high pollen ... | 2010 | 20713466 |
| s-rnase disrupts tip-localized reactive oxygen species and induces nuclear dna degradation in incompatible pollen tubes of pyrus pyrifolia. | pear (pyrus pyrifolia l.) has an s-rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (si) mechanism, and s-rnase has also been implicated in the rejection of self-pollen and genetically identical pollen. however, rna degradation might be only the beginning of the si response, not the end. recent in vitro studies suggest that s-rnase triggers mitochondrial alteration and dna degradation in the incompatible pollen tube of pyrus pyrifolia, and it seems that a relationship exists between self s-rnase, a ... | 2010 | 21098637 |
| differential expression of ferritin genes in response to abiotic stresses and hormones in pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | in this study, the expression patterns of four ferritin genes (ppfer1, ppfer2, ppfer3, and ppfer4) in pear were investigated using quantitative real-time pcr. analysis of tissue-specific expression revealed higher expression level of these genes in leaves than in other tested tissues. these ferritin genes were differentially expressed in response to various abiotic stresses and hormones treatments. the expression of ferritin wasn't affected by fe(iii)-citrate treatment. abscisic acid significant ... | 2011 | 21132385 |
| reciprocal regulation of ca²+-activated outward k+ channels of pyrus pyrifolia pollen by heme and carbon monoxide. | • the regulation of plant potassium (k+) channels has been extensively studied in various systems. however, the mechanism of their regulation in the pollen tube is unclear. • in this study, the effects of heme and carbon monoxide (co) on the outward k+ (k+(out)) channel in pear (pyrus pyrifolia) pollen tube protoplasts were characterized using a patch-clamp technique. • heme (1 μm) decreased the probability of k+(out) channel opening without affecting the unitary conductance, but this inhibition ... | 2011 | 21133925 |
| related polymorphic f-box protein genes between haplotypes clustering in the bac contig sequences around the s-rnase of japanese pear. | most fruit trees in the rosaceae exhibit self-incompatibility, which is controlled by the pistil s gene, encoding a ribonuclease (s-rnase), and the pollen s gene at the s-locus. the pollen s in prunus is an f-box protein gene (slf/sfb) located near the s-rnase, but it has not been identified in pyrus and malus. in the japanese pear, various f-box protein genes (ppsfbb(-α-γ)) linked to the s-rnase are proposed as the pollen s candidate. two bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) contigs around the ... | 2011 | 21172811 |
| horizontal gene and chromosome transfer in plant pathogenic fungi affecting host range. | plant pathogenic fungi adapt quickly to changing environments including overcoming plant disease resistance genes. this is usually achieved by mutations in single effector genes of the pathogens, enabling them to avoid recognition by the host plant. in addition, horizontal gene transfer (hgt) and horizontal chromosome transfer (hct) provide a means for pathogens to broaden their host range. recently, several reports have appeared in the literature on hgt, hct and hybridization between plant path ... | 2011 | 21223323 |
| camp activates hyperpolarization-activated ca2+ channels in the pollen of pyrus pyrifolia. | many signal-transduction processes in plant cells have been suggested to be triggered by signal-induced opening of calcium ion (ca(2+)) channels in the plasma membrane. cyclic nucleotides have been proposed to lead to an increase in cytosolic free ca(2+) in pollen. however, direct recordings of cyclic-nucleotide-induced ca(2+) currents in pollen have not yet been obtained. here, we report that cyclic amp (camp) activated a hyperpolarization-activated ca(2+) channel in the pyrus pyrifolia pollen ... | 2011 | 21331543 |
| potassium flux in the pollen tubes was essential in plant sexual reproduction. | potassium channels are controlling k (+) transport across plasma membrane and thus playing a central role in all aspects of osmolarity as well as numerous other functions in plants including in sexual reproduction. we have used whole-cell and single-channel patch-clamp recording techniques investigated the regulation of intracellular free ca ( 2+) -activated outward k (+) channels in pyrus pyrifolia pollen tube protoplasts. we have also showed the channels could be inhibited by heme and activate ... | 2011 | 21617374 |
| efficient virus-induced gene silencing in apple, pear and japanese pear using apple latent spherical virus vectors. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is an effective technology for the analysis of gene functions in plants. though there are many reports on virus vectors for vigs in plants, no vigs vectors available for rosaceae fruit trees were reported so far. we present an effective vigs system in apple, pear, and japanese pear using apple latent spherical virus (alsv) vectors. | 2011 | 21658286 |
| a cascade signal pathway occurs in self-incompatibility of pyrus pyrifolia. | pear (pyrus pyrifolia l.) possesses an s-rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (gsi) system, and s-rnase, the self-incompatibility (si) determinant in the pistil, has also been implicated in the rejection of self-pollen and genetically identical pollen. we have demonstrated that s-rnase depolymerises actin cytoskeleton, triggers mitochondrial alteration and dna degradation in the incompatible pollen tube, which indicates programmed cell death (pcd) may occur in si response of pyrus pyrif ... | 2011 | 21673508 |
| fast loading ester fluorescent ca2+ and ph indicators into pollen of pyrus pyrifolia. | loading of ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent probes into plant cells is an essential step to measure activities of free ca(2+) ions in cytoplasm with a fluorescent imaging technique. fluo-3 is one of the most suitable ca(2+) indicators for clsm. we loaded pollen with fluo-3/am at three different temperatures. fluo-3/am was successfully loaded into pollen at both low (4°c) and high (37°c) temperatures. however, high loading temperature was best suited for pollen, because germination rate of pollen and ... | 2012 | 21789557 |
| effects of ripening, 1-methylcyclopropene and ultra-high-pressure pasteurisation on the change of volatiles in chinese pear cultivars. | aroma is one important fruit sensory attribute influenced by the volatile constituents related to species, variety and technological treatments. we analysed the variations of volatile compounds in five pear cultivars and investigated their changes related to different pear organs, different ripening stages, 1-mcp treatment and ultra-high-pressure pasteurisation. | 2012 | 21815158 |
| sequence divergence and loss-of-function phenotypes of s locus f-box brothers genes are consistent with non-self recognition by multiple pollen determinants in self-incompatibility of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | the s-rnase-based gametophytic self-incompatibility (si) of rosaceae, solanaceae, and plantaginaceae is controlled by at least two tightly linked genes located at the complex s locus; the highly polymorphic s-rnase for pistil specificity and the f-box gene (sfb/slf) for pollen. self-incompatibility in prunus (rosaceae) is considered to represent a 'self recognition by a single factor' system, because loss-of-function of sfb is associated with self-compatibility, and allelic divergence of sfb is ... | 2011 | 21851432 |
| hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids and their methyl esters from pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) fruit peel. | two novel caffeoylmalic acid methyl esters, 2-o-(trans-caffeoyl)malic acid 1-methyl ester (6) and 2-o-(trans-caffeoyl)malic acid 4-methyl ester (7), were isolated from pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai cv. chuhwangbae) fruit peels. in addition, 5 known hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids and their methyl esters were identified: 2-o-(trans-coumaroyl)malic acid (1), 2-o-(cis-coumaroyl)malic acid (2), 2-o-(cis-coumaroyl)malic acid 1-methyl ester (3), 2-o-(trans-coumaroyl)malic acid 1-methyl ester (4), and 2-o-(t ... | 2011 | 21859098 |
| vermouth technology of production and quality characteristics. | the aperitif wine, known as vermouth, is primarily prepared by adding a mixture of herbs and spices or their extract to a base wine. as such, it could also be called aromatized liquor, or a fortified wine. various plant parts, such as seeds, wood, leaves, bark, or roots in dry form can be used in flavoring. these additives may be infused, macerated, or distilled in a base white wine, or added at various stages of preparation. the final liquid is filtered, pasteurized, and fortified (by the addit ... | 2011 | 21867897 |
| Quantitative analysis of mycoflora on commercial domestic fruits in Japan. | A comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the mycoflora on the surface of commercial fruit was performed. Nine kinds of fruits grown in Japan were tested. Overall fungal counts on the fruits ranged from 3.1 to 6.5 log CFU/g. The mean percentages of the total yeast counts were higher than those of molds in samples of apples, Japanese pears, and strawberries, ranging from 58.5 to 67.0%, and were lower than those of molds in samples of the other six fruits, ranging from 9.8 to 48.3%. Cladosporiu ... | 2011 | 21902918 |
| identification and field evaluation of sex pheromone components of the pear barkminer moth, spulerina astaurota. | the pear barkminer moth, spulerina astaurota meyrick (gracillariidae: gracillariinae), is a harmful pest of the asian-pear tree. pheromone components of the female were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) with an electroantennographic (eag) detector and gc coupled with mass spectrometry. the analyses of a crude pheromone extract and those of a fractionated extract on a florisil column indicated three eag-active components, tetradecadien-1-ol, its acetate, and an aldehyde derivative. characterist ... | 2011 | 22113370 |
| glycemia and peak incremental indices of six popular fruits in taiwan: healthy and type 2 diabetes subjects compared. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the glycemic index and peak incremental indices of six popular fruits in taiwan, comparing healthy subjects (n = 20) and patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 17). the six kinds of fruits tested were grapes, asian pears, guavas, golden kiwifruit, lychees and bananas. glycemic index values were tested according to the standard glycemic index testing protocol. the glycemic index and peak incremental indices were calculated according to published formulas. in type ... | 2011 | 22128219 |
| water-insoluble condensed tannins content of young persimmon fruits-derived crude fibre relates to its bile acid-binding ability. | in this study, we prepared crude fibre samples from young fruits of 10 persimmon (diospyros kaki) cultivars and from young fruits of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia var. culta) and peach (prunus persica) and compared their bile acid-binding abilities in vitro. all crude fibre samples from young fruits of persimmon were able to bind to cholic acid in a 4 mm cholic acid solution, but crude fibre samples from young fruits of japanese pear and peach did not show bile acid-binding ability. the bile ac ... | 2012 | 22250751 |
| variations in the molecular masses of the capsular exopolysaccharides amylovoran, pyrifolan and stewartan. | erwinia amylovora, causing fire blight of apple, pear and some ornamentals, erwinia pyrifoliae, causing asian pear blight, and pantoea stewartii, causing stewart's wilt of sweet maize, synthesize capsular extracellular polysaccharides (epss) with a high molecular mass. the epss are virulence factors and form viscous aggregates, which participate in clogging vessels of infected plants and causing wilting. the sizes of epss produced under different environmental growth conditions were determined b ... | 2012 | 22266385 |
| effects and action mechanisms of korean pear (pyrus pyrifolia cv. shingo) on alcohol detoxification. | korean pear (pyrus pyrifolia cv. shingo) has been used as a traditional medicine for alleviating alcohol hangover. however, scientific evidence for its effectiveness or mechanism is not clearly established. to investigate its mechanism of alcohol detoxification, both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed with an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (aldh2) alternated animal model. the pear extract (10 ml/kg bw) was administered to aldh2 normal (c57bl/6) and deficient (aldh2 -/-) male mice. after 30 mi ... | 2012 | 22451246 |
| pear aco genes encoding putative 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs are functionally expressed during fruit ripening and involved in response to salicylic acid. | 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidase catalyzes the final reaction of the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, converting acc into ethylene. past studies have shown a possible link between acc oxidase and salicylic acid during fruit ripening in pear, but the relationship has received no more than modest study at the gene expression level. in this study, two cdna clones encoding putative acc oxidase, ppaco1 and ppaco2, were isolated from a cdna library constructed by our own laboratory and pr ... | 2012 | 22711312 |
| cloning, characterization and promoter analysis of s-rnase gene promoter from chinese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | the 5'-flanking region of the s(12)-, s(13)-, s(21)-rnase with a length of 854 bp, 1448 bp and 1137 bp were successfully isolated by tail-pcr from genomic dna from 'jinhua', 'maogong' (pyrus pyrifolia) and 'yali' (pyrus bretschneideri) genomic dna. sequence alignment and analysis of s(13)-, s(12)-, s(21)-rnase gene promoter sequences with s(2)-, s(3)-, s(4)-, s(5)-rnase 5'-flanking sequences indicated that a homology region of about 240 bp exists in the regions just upstream of the putative tata ... | 2012 | 22728119 |
| interhaplotypic heterogeneity and heterochromatic features may contribute to recombination suppression at the s locus in apple (malusxdomestica). | gametophytic self-incompatibility (gsi) is controlled by a complex s locus containing the pistil determinant s-rnase and pollen determinant sfb/slf. tight linkage of the pistil and pollen determinants is necessary to guarantee the self-incompatibility (si) function. however, multiple probable pollen determinants of apple and japanese pear, sfbbs (s locus f-box brothers), exist in each s haplotype, and how these multiple genes maintain the si function remains unclear. it is shown here by high-res ... | 2012 | 22760470 |
| study on chemical composition, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities of extracts from chinese pear fruit (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.). | pyrus bretschneideri rehd. belongs to the genus pyrus, a member of rosaceae family. it is a routine edible fruit, and also used as a folk medicine to treat cough, eliminate constipation, and relieve alcoholism. in order to clarify the active compounds of p. bretschneideri, the phytochemical study were performed. five compounds were isolated and identified as 2β,19α-dihydroxy ursolic acid, quercitrin, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate and α-amyrin. additionally, we investigate the anti-infl ... | 2012 | 22824088 |
| effects of 1-mcp on chlorophyll degradation pathway-associated genes expression and chloroplast ultrastructure during the peel yellowing of chinese pear fruits in storage. | the peel yellowing is an important pigment physiological process of green fruit ripening, which mainly results from chlorophyll degradation in the fruit peel. in this work, two typical cultivars with different ripening speed, a slow ripening pear 'emerald' (pyrus bretschneideri rehd. cv. emerald) and a fast ripening 'jingbai' (pyrus ussuriensis maxim. cv. jingbai) were used to investigate the molecular mechanism of chlorophyll degradation in pear yellowing/ripening during postharvest storage. th ... | 2012 | 22868108 |
| chemical components and antioxidant activity of the peels of commercial apple-shaped pear (fruit of pyrus pyrifolia cv. pingguoli). | the apple-shaped pear, the fruit of the pyrus pyrifolia cv. pingguoli (rosaceae) tree, is one of the most popular fruits in the northern part of china. the current study is the 1st report of its bioactive components. we identified 10 metabolites from the peels (exocarp) of apple-shaped pear and assessed their toxicity. we then compared the anti-oxidant activity, amount of total phenolic compounds, and total condensed tannin content of the peels and flesh (mesocarp) of apple-shaped pear. the 6 ma ... | 2012 | 22938385 |
| constituents of twig bark of pear cultivars (pyrus species). | organic solvent extracts from fresh twig bark of japanese pear cultivars (pyrus serotina) shinko and nijisseiki, and european pear cultivar (p. communis) le lectier were obtained by maceration with n-hexane and etoac, and analyzed in gc-eims experiments. in these two japanese cultivars, the lupeol, betulin, epifriedelinol, friedelin and arbutin contents of nijisseiki were higher than those of shinko. in the case of the lupane-type triterpenes, lupeol and betulin, the lupeol content of japanese p ... | 2012 | 22978211 |
| pollen factors controlling self-incompatibility strength in japanese pear. | japanese pear has a genetically controlled self-incompatibility system, but both the pollen-tube growth in a semi in vivo assay and fruit set after self-pollination differ considerably among cultivars. the percentage of styles in which pollen tubes have reached the base ranges from 0 to 36 %, a value determined by culture of styles in vitro, and fruit set ranges from 0.6 to 15.2 %. based on these data, we have assigned a value for the self-incompatibility weakness to each cultivar. here, we show ... | 2012 | 23117623 |
| development of cultivar-specific dna markers based on retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism in japanese pear. | we developed retrotransposon-based insertional polymorphism (rbip) markers based on the long terminal repeat (ltr) sequences of copia-like retrotransposon ppcrt4 and flanking genome sequences, which were derived from 454 sequencing data from japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) 'hosui'. out of 40 sequences including both ltr and flanking genome regions, we developed 22 rbip markers and used them for dna profiling of 80 pear cultivars: 64 japanese, 10 chinese (pyrus ussuriensis) and 6 european (pyrus ... | 2012 | 23136514 |
| longitudinal nmr parameter measurements of japanese pear fruit during the growing process using a mobile magnetic resonance imaging system. | longitudinal nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) parameter measurements of japanese pear fruit (pyrus pyrifolia nakai, kosui) were performed using an electrically mobile magnetic resonance imaging (mri) system with a 0.2 t and 16 cm gap permanent magnet. to measure the relaxation times and apparent diffusion coefficients of the pear fruit in relation to their weight, seven pear fruits were harvested almost every week during the cell enlargement period and measured in a research orchard. to evaluate ... | 2013 | 23211549 |
| transcriptomic analysis of 'suli' pear (pyrus pyrifolia white pear group) buds during the dormancy by rna-seq. | bud dormancy is a critical developmental process that allows perennial plants to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. pear is one of the most important deciduous fruit trees in the world, but the mechanisms regulating bud dormancy in this species are unknown. because genomic information for pear is currently unavailable, transcriptome and digital gene expression data for this species would be valuable resources to better understand the molecular and biological mechanisms regulating its ... | 2012 | 23234335 |
| communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (japanese pear) in orchards with variable amounts of soil-available phosphorus. | we examined the colonization rate and communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the roots of pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (japanese pear) in orchards to investigate the effect of phosphorus (p) fertilization on amf. soil cores containing the roots of japanese pear were collected from 13 orchards in tottori prefecture, japan. soil-available p in the examined orchards was 75.7 to 1,200 mg kg(-1), showing the extreme accumulation of soil p in many orchards. the amf colonization rate was ne ... | 2013 | 23257910 |
| appressorium-localized nadph oxidase b is essential for aggressiveness and pathogenicity in the host-specific, toxin-producing fungus alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype. | black spot disease, alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, produces the host-specific toxin ak-toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. previously, we have found that hydrogen peroxide is produced in the hyphal cell wall at the plant-pathogen interaction site, suggesting that the fungal reactive oxygen species (ros) generation machinery is important for pathogenicity. in this study, we identified two nadph oxidase (noxa and noxb) genes and produced nox disruption mutants. δnoxa and δnoxb ... | 2012 | 23279187 |
| polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of s-rnase fragments for identification of s-genotypes of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (gsi) controlled by a complex and multiallelic s locus. the pistil-part product of the s locus is the polymorphic ribonuclease, s-rnase. information on s-genotypes is important for the production and breeding of japanese pears. molecular analyses of s-genotypes of japanese pear have been conducted with the caps (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) system; pcr amplification of s-rnase fragments by a common primer pair ... | 2012 | 23341749 |
| evaluation of the volatile profile of 33 pyrus ussuriensis cultivars by hs-spme with gc-ms. | evaluation of the volatile compounds in fruit provides useful information for plant breeding for improved fruit aroma. in this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) was used to assess the volatile profile of 33 cultivars of the chinese pear pyrus ussuriensis. in all, 108 volatile compounds were identified and there were significant differences in the composition and concentration of volatiles among cultivars. on the basi ... | 2012 | 23442698 |
| effects of dormancy progression and low-temperature response on changes in the sorbitol concentration in xylem sap of japanese pear during winter season. | in order to elucidate which physiological event(s) are involved in the seasonal changes of carbohydrate dynamics during winter, we examined the effects of different low temperatures on the carbohydrate concentrations of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia (burm.) nakai). for four winter seasons, large increases in the sorbitol concentration of shoot xylem sap occurred during mid- to late december, possibly due to the endodormancy completion and low-temperature responses. when trees were kept at 15 °c ... | 2013 | 23564693 |
| effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) on storage life and quality of pear fruits. | pear (pyrus pyrifolia (burm) nakai) fruits of cultivar 'patharnakh' were harvested at optimum maturity and treated with 500, 750 and 1000 ppb concentration of 1-mcp gaseous vapours for 4 h in a closed chamber maintained at 20°c. after treatments the fruits were packed in corrugated fibre board cartons and stored at 0-1°c and 90-95% rh. fruits treated with 1000 ppb 1-mcp recorded minimum weight loss, maintained acceptable firmness and quality attributes till 75 days of storage. the stored fruits ... | 2010 | 23572652 |
| effect of blending and storage on quality characteristics of blended sand pear-apple juice beverage. | juice from sand pear and apple was extracted by grating the fruits following extraction using hydraulic press. the juice after extraction was filtered, heat pasteurized and packed in glass bottles followed by processing. suitability of blending sand pear juice with apple juice was evaluated. blending of sand pear juice (spj) with apple juice (aj) in the proportion of 50:50 to 60:40 gave better quality with higher sensory score. with the increase in the level of spj in the aj mix there was gradua ... | 2011 | 23572723 |
| the fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene-an overview. | the process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. but, many fruits such as guava, melon, japanese plum, asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. investigations on in planta levels of co2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such a ... | 2011 | 23572821 |
| effect of korean pear (pyruspyrifolia cv. shingo) juice on hangover severity following alcohol consumption. | korean pear has been used as a traditional prophylactic agent for alcohol hangover. however, its mechanism was not investigated in human yet. therefore, we performed a randomized single blind crossover trial with 14 healthy young men to examine effects of korean pear juice on alcohol hangover. all subjects consumed 540 ml of spirits (alcohol conc. 20.1 v/v%) after 30 min from the intervention, i.e. placebo or korean pear juice treatment. blood and urine specimens were collected in time-courses ( ... | 2013 | 23587660 |
| caffeoyl triterpenes from pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) fruit peels and their antioxidative activities against oxidation of rat blood plasma. | six triterpenes, including three caffeoyl triterpenes, were purified and isolated from pear fruit ( pyrus pyrifolia nakai cv. chuwhangbae) peel extracts using various column chromatography techniques with a guided 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical-scavenging assay. the isolated compounds were identified as betulinic aldehyde (1), lupeol (2), betulinic acid (3), 3-o-cis-caffeoylbetulinic acid (4), 3-o-trans-caffeoylbetulinic acid (5), and 3-o-trans-caffeoyloleanolic acid (6) on the bas ... | 2013 | 23611412 |
| communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pyrus pyrifolia var. culta (japanese pear) and an understory herbaceous plant plantago asiatica. | we investigated communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in the fine roots of pyrus pyrifolia var. culta, and plantago asiatica to consider the relationship between orchard trees and herbaceous plants in amf symbioses. the amf communities were analyzed on the basis of the partial fungal dna sequences of the nuclear small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rdna), which were amplified using the amf-specific primers aml1 and aml2. phylogenetic analysis showed that the obtained amf sequences w ... | 2013 | 23614902 |
| transcriptome analysis of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) flower buds transitioning through endodormancy. | the transcriptomes of endodormant and ecodormant japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai 'kosui') flower buds were analyzed using rna-seq technology and compared. among de novo assembly of 114,191 unigenes, 76,995 unigenes were successfully annotated by blast searches against various databases. gene ontology (go) enrichment analysis revealed that oxidoreductases were enriched in the molecular function category, a result consistent with previous observations of notable changes in hydrogen peroxide c ... | 2013 | 23624675 |
| characterisation of the stbd/e toxin-antitoxin system of pep36, a plasmid of the plant pathogen erwinia pyrifoliae. | pep36 is a plasmid ubiquitously present in erwinia pyrifoliae, a pathogen which causes black stem blight of asian pear. pep36 is highly stable in its host, even in the absence of selective pressure. the plasmid is closely related to pea29, which is widespread in e. amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight of apple and pear trees. here we report that pep36 possesses a functional hybrid toxin-antitoxin module, stbd/e(pep36), with the toxin showing homology to the rele/pare proteins and the an ... | 2013 | 23632277 |
| diversity of odor-active compounds from local cultivars and wild accessions of iwateyamanashi (pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) revealed by aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda). | some local cultivars and wilds of iwateyamanashi (pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) that grows wild in northern tohoku, japan have good aromatic fruit. iwateyamanashi may be valuable germplasms as a donor of odor compounds in breeding of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia), because almost all japanese pear cultivars have faint odor. fruits odors from a local cultivar 'sanenashi', a wild accession (i0830) in iwateyamanashi, cultivars of 'kosui' and 'la france' were characterized at first with compara ... | 2013 | 23641185 |
| potential assessment of genome-wide association study and genomic selection in japanese pear pyrus pyrifolia. | although the potential of marker-assisted selection (mas) in fruit tree breeding has been reported, bi-parental qtl mapping before mas has hindered the introduction of mas to fruit tree breeding programs. genome-wide association studies (gwas) are an alternative to bi-parental qtl mapping in long-lived perennials. selection based on genomic predictions of breeding values (genomic selection: gs) is another alternative for mas. this study examined the potential of gwas and gs in pear breeding with ... | 2013 | 23641189 |
| isolation and characterization of multiple f-box genes linked to the s9- and s10-rnase in apple (malus × domestica borkh.). | using 11 consensus primer pairs designed from s-linked f-box genes of apple and japanese pear, 10 new f-box genes (mdfbx21 to 30) were isolated from the apple cultivar 'spartan' (s(9)s(10)). mdfbx21 to 23 and mdfbx24 to 30 were completely linked to the s(9) -rnase and s(10-)rnase, respectively, and showed pollen-specific expression and s-haplotype-specific polymorphisms. therefore, these 10 f-box genes are good candidates for the pollen determinant of self-incompatibility in apple. phylogenetic ... | 2013 | 23686223 |
| phylogenetic position and virulence apparatus of the pear flower necrosis pathogen erwinia piriflorinigrans cfbp 5888t as assessed by comparative genomics. | erwinia piriflorinigrans is a necrotrophic pathogen of pear reported from spain that destroys flowers but does not progress further into the host. we sequenced the complete genome of the type strain cfbp 5888(t) clarifying its phylogenetic position within the genus erwinia, and indicating a position between its closest relative, the epiphyte erwinia tasmaniensis and other plant pathogenic erwinia spp. (i.e., the fire blight pathogen e. amylovora and the asian pear pathogen e. pyrifoliae). common ... | 2013 | 23726521 |
| [a case of anaphylaxis due to rose-flavored soft-serve ice cream with pollen food allergy syndrome]. | we experienced a 10-year-old boy who had anaphylaxis after eating rose-flavored soft-serve ice cream. the patient felt a sense of discomfort in his throat when eating apple, peach, loquat, japanese pear, and kiwi fruit. therefore, we measured specific ige antibodies to allergen components by immunocap isac. consequently, the patient gave positive results for all pr-10 proteins from birch, alder, hazel, apple, peach, peanut, hazelnut, and soybean, so we diagnosed him with pollen food allergy synd ... | 2013 | 23760203 |
| expression and genomic structure of the dormancy-associated mads box genes mads13 in japanese pears (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) that differ in their chilling requirement for endodormancy release. | we isolated three dormancy-associated mads-box (dam) genes (mads13-1, mads13-2 and mads13-3) and showed regulated expression concomitant with endodormancy establishment and release in the leaf buds of japanese pear 'kosui'. comparative analysis between 'kosui' and taiwanese pear tp-85-119 ('hengshanli'), a less dormant pear cultivar, showed reduction of mads13-1 expression level in 'hengshanli' earlier than in 'kosui' towards endodormancy release, suggesting the possible relationship between chi ... | 2013 | 23761324 |
| identification of a distinct lineage of cacopsylla chinensis (hemiptera: psyllidae) in japan on the basis of two mitochondrial dna sequences. | psyllids are a menacing pests of pears (pyrus spp.) grown in temperate and subtropical regions of the world, including taiwan and china. pear psyllids belong to the large genus cacopsylla (psyllidae: psyllinae). among the 28 psyllid species that infest pear trees, cacopsylla chinensis (yang and li, 1981) is considered the most harmful. two psyllid outbreaks involving exotic species affected japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia variety culta) orchards in the saga prefecture in july and november 2011. t ... | 2013 | 23786037 |
| characterization of 10 mads-box genes from pyrus pyrifolia and their differential expression during fruit development and ripening. | we cloned 10 japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) mikc-type ii mads-box genes, and analyzed their expression during fruit development and ripening. ppmads2-1 was apetala (ap)1-like; ppmads3-1 was fruitfull (ful)/squamosa (squa)-like; ppmads4-1 was agamous-like (agl)6; ppmads5-1 and ppmads8-1 were suppressor of overexpression of constans (soc)-like; ppmads9-1, ppmads12-1, ppmads14-1 and ppmads16-1 were sepallata (sep)-like; while ppmads15-1 was agl/shatterproof (shp)-like. phylogenetic analysis showed ... | 2013 | 23891821 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of antifungal (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid using 7-phenyl derivatives. | the relationship between antifungal activity against alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-dga) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-dga derivatives. the results were identified by quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) analysis employing the hansch-fujita method. some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-dga. the compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. it was suggested that the small ... | 2013 | 23924382 |
| a genome-wide identification and characterization of mircornas and their targets in 'suli' pear (pyrus pyrifolia white pear group). | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of small non-coding rna molecules that are endogenous regulators of gene expression. mirnas play a crucial role in cells via degradation of target mrnas or by inhibition of target protein translation. in the present study, 186 new potentially conserved pear mirnas belonging to 37 families were identified. the length of mature mirnas ranged from 19 to 24 nt, and most of the mirnas (154 out of 186) were 21 nt in length. the length of pre-mirnas in pear was also found ... | 2013 | 24013795 |
| occurrence of anthracnose on fruits of asian pear tree caused by colletotrichum acutatum. | anthracnose symptoms often occurred on fruits of asian pear trees grown in anseong, naju, seonghwan and pyeongtaek in korea during the harvesting period from 2000 to 2005. a total of 28 isolates of colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms. all the isolates were identified as colletotrichum acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to fruits of asian pear tree by artificial inoculation. all t ... | 2007 | 24015105 |
| genomic prediction of trait segregation in a progeny population: a case study of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | in cross breeding, it is important to choose a good parental combination that has high probability of generating offspring with desired characteristics. this study examines a method for predicting the segregation of target traits in a progeny population based on genome-wide markers and phenotype data of parental cultivars. | 2013 | 24028660 |
| evaluation of cinnamon essential oil microemulsion and its vapor phase for controlling postharvest gray mold of pears (pyrus pyrifolia). | essential oil of cinnamon (cm) is a potential alternative to chemical fungicides. thus this work aimed to investigate the possible effects of cm microemulsions on decay developments and qualitative properties of pears. | 2014 | 24037944 |
| rhizopus soft rot on pear (pyrus serotina) caused by rhizopus stolonifer in korea. | rhizopus soft rot caused by rhizopus stolonifer occurred on pears (pyrus serotina) in the jinju city agricultural products wholesale market in korea from 2004 to 2005. the infection usually started from wounds due to cracking at harvest time. the lesions started as water-soaked, rapidly softened, then gradually expanded. the mycelia grew vigorously on the surface of the fruits and formed stolons. colonies on potato dextrose agar at 25℃ were white cottony to brownish black. sporangia were globose ... | 2006 | 24039490 |
| apoplastic calmodulin promotes self-incompatibility pollen tube growth by enhancing calcium influx and reactive oxygen species concentration in pyrus pyrifolia. | calmodulin (cam) has been associated with various physiological and developmental processes in plants, including pollen tube growth. in this study, we showed that cam regulated the pear pollen tube growth in a concentration-dependent bi-phasic response. using a whole-cell patch-clamp configuration, we showed that apoplastic cam induced a hyperpolarization-activated calcium ion (ca²⁺) current, and anti-cam largely inhibited this type of ca²⁺ current. moreover, upon anti-cam treatment, the reactiv ... | 2014 | 24145911 |
| identification of self-incompatibility-related glycoproteins in styles of apple (malus x domestica). | in this study, stylar proteins of apple (malus x domestica) which correlate with known intervarietal incompatibility relationships and have similar characteristics to the s-glycoproteins of japanese pear (pyrus serotina) were surveyed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2d-page). varietal differences were detected in a group of glycoproteins having mrs and pis similar to those of the s-glycoproteins of japanese pear. 2d-page profiles of these glycoproteins were correlated with intervarietal ... | 1994 | 24177829 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using cotyledons in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | genetic transformation was successfully established producing both transformed adventitious shoots and calli in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) by using cotyledons as explants. cotyledons of five cultivars were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying the pbin19-sgfp, which contained a green fluorescent protein gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene. in order to increase transformation efficiency, sonication and ethylenedioxybis (ethylamine)-n,n,n',n'-tet ... | 2013 | 24273422 |
| influence of heat stress on leaf ultrastructure, photosynthetic performance, and ascorbate peroxidase gene expression of two pear cultivars (pyrus pyrifolia). | plants encounter a variety of stresses in natural environments. one-year-old pot-grown trees of pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai cv. cuiguan and wonhwang) were exposed to two heat stress regimes. under constant short-term heat stress, chloroplasts and mitochondria were visibly damaged. relative chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem ii were significantly decreased, which indicated that the leaf photosynthetic capability declined. under chronic heat stress, mesophyll c ... | 2013 | 24302708 |
| taxonomy and phylogenetic position of fomitiporia torreyae, a causal agent of trunk rot on sanbu-sugi, a cultivar of japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica) in japan. | trunk rot poses a substantial threat to sanbu-sugi, one of the most economically important cultivars of japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica). the etiology of this disease, including its main agents, is incompletely known. this trunk rot was attributed to fomitiporia (phellinus) hartigii or f. (phellinus) punctata. here we phylogenetically analyzed dna sequences of four markers from a set of strains isolated from trunk-rot symptoms and recovered a single, monophyletic clade, indicating that a si ... | 2014 | 24396106 |
| exploring candidate genes for pericarp russet pigmentation of sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia) via rna-seq data in two genotypes contrasting for pericarp color. | sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia) russet pericarp is an important trait affecting both the quality and stress tolerance of fruits. this trait is controlled by a relative complex genetic process, with some fundamental biological questions such as how many and which genes are involved in the process remaining elusive. in this study, we explored differentially expressed genes between the russet- and green-pericarp offspring from the sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia) cv. 'qingxiang' × 'cuiguan' f1 group by rna- ... | 2014 | 24400075 |
| pigmentation in sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia) fruit: biochemical characterization, gene discovery and expression analysis with exocarp pigmentation mutant. | exocarp color of sand pear is an important trait for the fruit production and has caused our concern for a long time. our previous study explored the different expression genes between the two genotypes contrasting for exocarp color, which indicated the different suberin, cutin, wax and lignin biosynthesis between the russet- and green-exocarp. in this study, we carried out microscopic observation and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to detect the differences of tissue structure ... | 2014 | 24445590 |
| hydrogen sulfide prolongs postharvest storage of fresh-cut pears (pyrus pyrifolia) by alleviation of oxidative damage and inhibition of fungal growth. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has proved to be a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants and animals. here, we investigated the role of h2s in the decay of fresh-cut pears (pyrus pyrifolia). h2s gas released by sodium hydrosulfide (nahs) prolonged the shelf life of fresh-cut pear slices in a dose-dependent manner. moreover, h2s maintained higher levels of reducing sugar and soluble protein in pear slices. h2s significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), superoxide radicals ( ... | 2014 | 24454881 |
| evaluation of reference genes for accurate normalization of gene expression for real time-quantitative pcr in pyrus pyrifolia using different tissue samples and seasonal conditions. | we have evaluated suitable reference genes for real time (rt)-quantitative pcr (qpcr) analysis in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). we tested most frequently used genes in the literature such as β-tubulin, histone h3, actin, elongation factor-1α, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, together with newly added genes annexin, sand and tip41. a total of 17 primer combinations for these eight genes were evaluated using cdnas synthesized from 16 tissue samples from four groups, namely: flower bud, ... | 2014 | 24466117 |
| [overexpression of the glutathione s-transferase gene from pyrus pyrifolia fruit improves tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic tobacco plants]. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are ubiquitous enzymes in animals and plants, and they are multifunctional proteins encoded by a large gene family. gsts are involved in response to the oxidative stress including drought, salt, heavy metals, and so on. under oxidative stress, the excessive reactive oxygen species (ros) induce an increase in gst levels, and then the gsts metabolize the toxic products of lipid peroxidation, damaged dna and other molecules. previously, a full-length cdna of a nove ... | 2014 | 24466748 |
| isolation and identification of the antioxidant ddmp from heated pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai). | we evaluated antioxidant activities of heated pear juice (hpj) exposed to 120, 130, and 140°c for 2 hr. hpj was partitioned using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. the ethyl acetate fraction treated at 130°c for 2 hr showed strong antioxidant activity; thus, this extract was isolated and purified using silica gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. the structure of the purified compound was determined using ultraviolet and mass s ... | 2013 | 24471113 |
| a segmental duplication encompassing s-haplotype triggers pollen-part self-compatibility in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | self-compatible mutants of self-incompatible crops have been extensively studied for research and agricultural purposes. until now, the only known pollen-part self-compatible mutants in rosaceae subtribe pyrinae, which contains many important fruit trees, were polyploid. this study revealed that the pollen-part self-compatibility of breeding selection 415-1, a recently discovered mutant of japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) derived from γ-irradiated pollen, is caused by a duplication of an s-haplot ... | 2014 | 24482602 |
| expression and regulation of pear 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene (ppacs1a) during fruit ripening, under salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid treatment, and in diseased fruit. | in plants, the level of ethylene is determined by the activity of the key enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) synthase (acs). a gene encoding an acc synthase protein was isolated from pear (pyrus pyrifolia). this gene designated ppacs1a (genbank accession no. kc632526) was 1488 bp in length with an open reading frame (orf) encoding a protein of 495 amino acids that shared high similarity with other pear acc synthase proteins. the ppacs1a was grouped into type-1 subfamily of plant ... | 2014 | 24562629 |
| two pear glutathione s-transferases genes are regulated during fruit development and involved in response to salicylic acid, auxin, and glucose signaling. | two genes encoding putative glutathione s-transferase proteins were isolated from pear (pyrus pyrifolia) and designated ppgst1 and ppgst2. the deduced ppgst1 and ppgst2 proteins contain conserved glutathione s-transferase n-terminal domain (gst_n) and glutathione s-transferase, c-terminal domain (gst_c). using pcr amplification technique, the genomic clones corresponding to ppgst1 and ppgst2 were isolated and shown to contain two introns and a singal intron respectively with typical gt/ag bounda ... | 2014 | 24587129 |
| complex regulation of secondary metabolism controlling pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata. | the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata includes seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes), which produce different host-selective toxins and cause disease on different plants. the japanese pear, strawberry and tangerine pathotypes produce ak-toxin, af-toxin and act-toxin, respectively, which have a common structural moiety, 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (eda). here, we identified a new gene, akt7 (ak-toxin biosynthetic gene 7), from the japanese pear pathotype, which encodes ... | 2014 | 24611558 |
| antimicrobial and antiradical activity of extracts obtained from leaves of three species of the genus pyrus. | in this study, extracts were obtained from leaves of pyrus communis l., pyrus elaeagrifolia pall., and pyrus pyrifolia (bum.) nak. these extracts were tested for antiradical and antibacterial activity, as well as for the amount of total phenolic compounds, hydroquinone and arbutin. the antiradical activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and antibacterial activity with the disk diffusion method. the amount of phenolic compounds was determined using folin ciocalteu's phen ... | 2014 | 24621262 |
| different biosynthesis patterns among flavonoid 3-glycosides with distinct effects on accumulation of other flavonoid metabolites in pears (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.). | flavonoid biosynthesis profile was clarified by fruit bagging and re-exposure treatments in the green chinese pear 'zaosu' (pyrus bretschneideri rehd.) and its red mutant 'red zaosu'. two distinct biosynthesis patterns of flavonoid 3-glycosides were found in 'zaosu' pear. by comparison with 'red zaosu', the biosynthesis of flavonoid 3-galactosides and flavonoid 3-arabinosides were inhibited by bagging and these compounds only re-accumulated to a small degree in the fruit peel of 'zaosu' after th ... | 2014 | 24637788 |
| draft genome sequence of xylella fastidiosa pear leaf scorch strain in taiwan. | the draft genome sequence of xylella fastidiosa pear leaf scorch strain pls229, isolated from the pear cultivar hengshan (pyrus pyrifolia) in taiwan, is reported here. the bacterium has a genome size of 2,733,013 bp, with a g+c content of 53.1%. the pls229 genome was annotated and has 3,259 open reading frames and 50 rna genes. | 2014 | 24652975 |
| effect of extending the photoperiod with low-intensity red or far-red light on the timing of shoot elongation and flower-bud formation of 1-year-old japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | to investigate the effects of light quality (wavelength) on shoot elongation and flower-bud formation in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia (burm. f.) nakai), we treated 1-year-old trees with the following: (i) 8 h sunlight + 16 h dark (sd); (ii) 8 h sunlight + 16 h red light (ld(sd + r)); or (iii) 8 h sunlight + 16 h far-red (fr) light (ld(sd + fr)) daily for 4 months from early april (before the spring flush) until early august in 2009 and 2010. in both years, shoot elongation stopped earlier in t ... | 2014 | 24876291 |
| long-chain base phosphates modulate pollen tube growth via channel-mediated influx of calcium. | long-chain base phosphates (lcbps) have been correlated with amounts of crucial biological processes ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis in animals. however, their functions in plants remain largely unknown. here, we report that lcbps, sphingosine-1-phosphate (s1p) and phytosphingosine-1-phosphate (phyto-s1p), modulate pollen tube growth in a concentration-dependent bi-phasic manner. the pollen tube growth in the stylar transmitting tissue was promoted by sphk1 overexpression (sphk1-oe) ... | 2014 | 24905418 |
| calcium content and its correlated distribution with skin browning spot in bagged huangguan pear. | skin browning spot (sbs) is an important physiology disorder that often occurs in bagged fruit at the mature stage in the huangguan (pyrus bretschneideri × pyrus pyrifolia) pear. using atomic absorption spectrometry, x-ray microanalysis, and the potassium-pyroantimonate precipitation method, the water-soluble and total ca(2+), mg(2+), and k(+) contents, their microdistribution, and the ca(2+) localization were investigated in bagged huangguan pear fruit in the presence and absence of sbs. our re ... | 2015 | 24965371 |
| extraction of arbutin and its comparative content in branches, leaves, stems, and fruits of japanese pear pyrus pyrifolia cv. kousui. | arbutin is a tyrosinase inhibitor and is extensively used as a human skin-whitening agent. this study investigated the optimum conditions for extracting arbutin by ultrasonic homogenization from discarded branches pruned from japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia cv. kousui) trees. the arbutin content was measured in the branches and also in the leaves, stems, fruit peel, and fruit flesh. | 2014 | 25035992 |
| mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by cytoplasmic acidification results in pollen tube growth cessation in pyrus pyrifolia. | the length of pollen tubes grown in synthetic media is normally shorter than those grown in vivo. however, the mechanism(s) underlying the cessation of pollen tube growth under culture conditions remain(s) largely unknown. here, we report a previously unknown correlation between vacuolar function and the cell's ability to sustain mitochondrial functions in pear pollen tubes. the pear pollen tubes in vitro grew slowly after 15 hours post-cultured (hpc) and nearly ceased growth at 18 hpc. there wa ... | 2015 | 25135193 |
| the red sport of 'zaosu' pear and its red-striped pigmentation pattern are associated with demethylation of the pymyb10 promoter. | 'zaosu' pear, a hybrid of pyrus pyrifolia and pyrus communis, is a popular cultivar developed in china. 'zaosu red' is a bud sport of 'zaosu' with red shoots, young leaves, and fruit. after grafting of 'zaosu red', reverse mutations in some branches lead to a loss of colour in leaves and stems. also, the mature fruit of 'zaosu red' exhibits two phenotypes; fully red and striped. the aim of this study was to establish the mechanism of the red colour mutation in 'zaosu' and the striped pigmentatio ... | 2014 | 25168359 |