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morphology and oxidative physiology of boron-deficient mulberry plants.the aim of the study was to induce b deficiency symptoms and to relate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and altered cellular redox environment with the effects of b deficiency in mulberry (morus alba l.) cv. kanva-2 plants. study was undertaken on antioxidant responses, malondialdehyde (mda) content as an indicator of oxidative damage and ratio of dehydroascorbate (dha) to ascorbic acid (asa) as an index of cellular redox environment in b-deficient (0.0 microm) and b-supraoptimal ...201019933494
anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol by inhibition of il-8 production in lps-induced thp-1 cells.resveratrol is a polyphenol compound and prominent anti-inflammatory agent found in plants, including the fruits of morus alba. however, the therapeutic mechanisms of resveratrol remain largely unclear. to gain insight into the biological effects of resveratrol, we examined its influence on lps-induced il-8 production in the human monocytic cell line, thp-1. in inflammatory diseases, il-8 plays a central role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory response. in the present study, il-8 ...200919938227
melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor binding activity of pheophorbides isolated from morus alba leaves.the time-resolved fluorescence technique based on melanin-concentrating hormone (mch) receptor subtype-1 (mch-1 receptor) binding assay was adopted to carry out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of morus alba leaves. this fractionation and purification led to the isolation of two compounds identified as pheophorbide a methyl ester and 13(2)(s)-hydroxypheophorbide a methyl ester. these active pheophorbides exhibited potent inhibitory activity in binding of europium-labeled m ...201020013814
anti-dopaminergic effect of the methanolic extract of morus alba l. leaves.to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of morus alba l. leaves on dopaminergic function.200820040961
immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of morus alba linn. (mulberry) leaves.the leaves of morus alba linn. (family: moraceae) commonly known as mulberry are mainly used as food for the silkworms and they are sometimes eaten as vegetable or used as cattle fodder in different parts of the world. the effect of morus alba on the immune system was evaluated by using different experimental models such as carbon clearance test, cyclophosphamide induced neutropenia, neutrophil adhesion test, effect on serum immunoglobulins, mice lethality test and indirect haemagglutination tes ...201020067869
postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf in goto-kakizaki rats and counterpart control wistar rats.postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf (morus alba l.) was compared in two animal models: goto-kakizaki (gk) rats, a spontaneous non-obese animal model for type ii diabetes, and their counterpart control wistar rats. first, the effect of a single oral administration of mulberry leaf aqueous extract (mle) on postprandial glucose responses was determined using maltose or glucose as substrate. with maltose-loading, mle reduced peak responses of blood glucose significantly in both gk and ...200920098579
four new 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives from leaves of morus alba l.four new 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives, moracins v-y (1-4), together with two known compounds, moracin n (5) and moracin p (6), were isolated from the leaves of morus alba l. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. moracins x (3) and y (4) represent unusual substituted group compared with 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives, which were isolated from the genus morus. compounds 2-5 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines.201020118592
mulberry fruit protects dopaminergic neurons in toxin-induced parkinson's disease models.parkinson's disease (pd), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (snpc) to the striatum (st), and involves oxidative stress. mulberry fruit from morus alba l. (moraceae) is commonly eaten, and has long been used in traditional oriental medicine. it contains well-known antioxidant agents such as anthocyanins. the present study examined the protective effects of 70 % ethanol extract of mulberry ...201020187987
cytotoxic activities of several geranyl-substituted flavanones.nine geranylated flavanones isolated from the fruits of paulownia tomentosa (4-12) and two from the roots of morus alba (13 and 14) were examined for cytotoxicity to selected human cancer cell lines and normal human fibroblasts. cytotoxicity was determined in vitro using a calcein am cytotoxicity assay. cytotoxicity for the thp-1 monocytic leukemia cell line was tested using erythrosin b cell staining. the geranylated compounds tested were compared with the known simple flavanone standards taxif ...201020192247
two new chalcones from leaves of morus alba l.two new chalcone derivatives named morachalcones b and c (1 and 2) were isolated from the leaves of morus alba l. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. morachalcones b (1) and c (2) represent two examples of chalcones having unusual furan rings which are formed by cyclization between c-alpha-oh and c-2-oh. compounds 1 and 2 displayed only moderate cytotoxic activity against hct-8 and bgc823 human cancer cell lines.201020211228
adaptogenic effect of morus alba on chronic footshock-induced stress in rats.the objective of the present study was to evaluate the adaptogenic property of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of methanol extract of morus alba roots against a rat model of chronic stress (cs).200920407553
albanol a from the root bark of morus alba l. induces apoptotic cell death in hl60 human leukemia cell line.albanol a (1), isolated from the root bark extract of morus alba (mulberry), was evaluated for the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities in human leukemia (hl60) cells, and for the inhibitory activity in human dna topoisomerases (topo) i and ii. this compound showed potent cytotoxic activity (ic(50) 1.7 microm) on the cells, and potent inhibitory activity on topoisomerase ii (ic(50) 22.8 microm). in addition, albanol a induced early apoptosis which was detected by observing the membrane ph ...201020410645
identification of bet v 1-related allergens in fig and other moraceae fruits.allergy to fig fruit (ficus carica) has been described in patients allergic to ficus benjamina or rubber latex but may occur also in pollen-allergic patients.201020447079
hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of mulberry (morus alba l.) fruit in hyperlipidaemia rats.the phytochemical constituents of a freeze-dried powder of mulberry (morus alba l.) fruit (mfp) were determined. the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the mfp as a dietary supplement were evaluated in rats who were fed 4 weeks of either a high-fat or a normal diet supplemented with 5% or 10% mfp. administration of mfp to rats on a high-fat diet resulted in a significant decline in levels of serum and liver triglyceride, total cholesterol, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a d ...201020561945
potential mechanisms of hypocholesterolaemic effect of thai spices/dietary extracts.several thai spices/dietary ingredients were previously shown to have hypocholesterolaemic effects. these studies were mostly conducted in animal models in which the mechanisms of action were not yet well-established. therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of hypocholesterolaemic action of 12 selected plants, namely hibiscus sabdariffa l., moringa oleifera lam., cucurbita moschata duchesne, ananas comosus (l.) merr., zingiber officinale, morus alba l., camellia sinens ...201120623425
protective effect of morus alba leaves on haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia and oxidative stress.long-term treatment with haloperidol, a typical neuroleptic, induces neurodegeneration caused by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, which play an important role in the development of orofacial dyskinesia. in the present investigation, an attempt has been made to examine the effect of a concomitant treatment of methanol extract of morus alba linn. (moraceae) leaves (100-300 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. rats were treated for 21 days with ...201020645751
effect of flavonol glycoside in mulberry (morus alba l.) leaf on glucose metabolism and oxidative stress in liver in diet-induced obese mice.mulberry therapies on type 2 diabetic patients or streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have been reported to improve fasting blood glucose levels. we investigated the effects of dietary consumption of mulberry-leaf powder and purified quercetin 3-(6-malonylglucoside), the quantitatively major flavonol glycoside in mulberry leaves, on glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. male c57bl/6j mice aged 8 weeks were assigned to three groups (control, mulberry leaf powder (mlp) ...201020648552
uv-b induced changes in the secondary metabolites of morus alba l. leaves.ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation is harmful to plants and human beings. many secondary metabolites, like flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignin, are uv-b absorbing compounds, which can protect the genetic material of plants. furthermore, they are active components of herbal drugs. uv-b radiation can activate the self-protective secondary metabolism system. the results of this paper provide a method to induce bioactive secondary metabolites from mulberry leaves (morus alba l.) by uv-b irradiation in vit ...201020657460
anti-stress effect of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of morus alba in chronic restraint stress.restraint stress is a well-known method to induce chronic stress which leads to alterations in various behavioral and biochemical parameters.201020690895
cytotoxic prenylated flavonoids from morus alba.a phytochemical fractionation of the methanol extract of the morus alba leaves led to the isolation of eleven flavonoids (1-11). the structure of the new 3'-geranyl-3-prenyl-2',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (1) was elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods. the cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds against human cervical carcinoma hela, human breast carcinoma mcf-7, and human hepatocarcinoma hep3b cells was evaluated. of note, morusin (9) was the most potent with an ic(50) value of 0.64 μm agai ...201020727950
phenolic-containing organic extracts of mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves inhibit hepg2 hepatoma cells through g2/m phase arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of topoisomerase iiα activity.the entire plant of morus alba l. (family moraceae), or mulberry, possesses medical benefits, including anticancer properties. in this study, we investigated the effect of mulberry leaf extracts on the human hepatoma hepg2 cell line, which is related to hepatocellular carcinoma. mulberry leaf extracts were prepared using four solvents, each with different polarities: 100% methanol (meoh), 50% aqueous meoh, 1-butanol (buoh), and hot water (w). the phenolic profile, total polyphenol content, antio ...201020828312
antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of egyptian moraceous plants against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver damage in rats.in the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in modern medicine, a large number of medicinal preparations are recommended for treatment of liver disorders. objective: the antioxidant, hepatoprotective and kidney protective activities of methanol extracts of ficus carica linn. (moraceae) leaves and fruits and morus alba linn. root barks (moraceae) are evaluated here.201020839909
colonization of morus alba l. by the plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic bacterium burkholderia cepacia strain lu10-1.anthracnose, caused by colletotrichum dematium, is a serious threat to the production and quality of mulberry leaves in susceptible varieties. control of the disease has been a major problem in mulberry cultivation. some strains of burkholderia cepacia were reported to be useful antagonists of plant pests and could increase the yields of several crop plants. although b. cepacia lu10-1 is an endophytic bacterium obtained from mulberry leaves, it has not been deployed to control c. dematium infect ...201020854669
ameliorative effects of mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves on hyperlipidemia in rats fed a high-fat diet: induction of fatty acid oxidation, inhibition of lipogenesis, and suppression of oxidative stress.to determine the effects of mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves on hyperlipidemia, we performed gene expression profiling of the liver. rats were fed a high-fat diet and administered mulberry leaves for 7 weeks. plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels were significantly lower in the rats treated with mulberry leaves as compared with the untreated rats. dna microarray analysis revealed that mulberry leaves upregulated expression of the genes involved in α-, β- and ω-oxidation of fatt ...201021150120
mulberroside a possesses potent uricosuric and nephroprotective effects in hyperuricemic mice.mulberroside a is a major stilbene glycoside of morus alba l. (moraceae), which is effectively used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout in traditional chinese medicine. we examined whether mulberroside a had effects on renal urate underexcretion and dysfunction in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice and investigated the potential uricosuric and nephroprotective mechanisms involved. mulberroside a at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg decreased serum uric acid levels and increased urinary urate excretio ...201021154198
hypotensive, hypolipidemic, and vascular protective effects of morus alba l. in rats fed an atherogenic diet.morus alba l. has been used in traditional chinese medicine and almost all parts of this plant are useful in cardiovascular, liver and spleen disorders. the present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of a water extract from morus alba l. (wma) on vascular dysfunction in rat models fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet. male rats were fed an atherogenic diet consisting of food with 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol, with or without 100 or 200 mg/day/kg wma, for 14 we ...201121213397
enterobacter mori sp. nov., a novel enterobacter species associated with bacterial wilt on morus alba l.two isolates of mulberry pathogenetic bacteria isolated from the diseased mulberry root were investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic study. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis combined with rpob gene sequence analysis allocated the strain r18-2t and r3-3 to the genus enterobacter with enterobacter asburiae, e. aminigenus, e. cancerogenus, e. cloacae subsp. cloacae, e. cloacae subsp. dissolvens and e. nimipressuralis as closet relatives. the isolates are gram negative rod, facultative anae ...201121216919
potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of indian ayurvedic medicinal plants.indian medicinal plants used in the ayurvedic traditional system to treat diabetes are a valuable source of novel anti-diabetic agents. pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post-prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown. in this study, seventeen indian medicinal plants with known hypoglycemic properties were subjected to sequential solvent extraction and tested for α-amylase inhibition, in order to assess and evaluate their inhibitory po ...201121251279
evaluation of hypoglycemic effect of morus alba in an animal model.the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of mulberry leaves in an animal model of diabetes.200821264155
effect of morus alba l. (mulberry) leaves on anxiety in mice.the aim of the present work is to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of a methanolic extract of morus alba l. leaves in mice.200821264159
natural compound cudraflavone b shows promising anti-inflammatory properties in vitro.cudraflavone b (1) is a prenylated flavonoid found in large amounts in the roots of morus alba, a plant used as a herbal remedy for its reputed anti-inflammatory properties. the present study shows that this compound causes a significant inhibition of inflammatory mediators in selected in vitro models. thus, 1 was identified as a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor a (tnfa) gene expression and secretion by blocking the translocation of nuclear factor ?b (nf-?b) from the cytoplasm to the nu ...201121319773
effect of increasing levels of white mulberry leaves (morus alba) on ruminal dry matter degradability in lambs.a study was conducted to estimate dry matter (dm) degradability in the rumen of lambs offered a basal soybean meal and sorghum grain diet with three levels of white mulberry (wm) leaves (morus alba). diets consisted of 90% concentrate and 10% sorghum straw, which was incrementally replaced by wm leaves at 0% (control diet, t1), 2.5% (t2), and 5% (t3) of the total ration. crude protein (cp) in wm was 21.8% (dm basis). diets had equal cp (14% dm basis) and metabolizable energy (10.8 mj/kg dm) cont ...201121336982
[flavonoids from the leaves of morus alba l].the investigation on the leaves of morus alba l. was carried out to find the relationship of the constituents and the pharmacological activities. the isolation and purification were performed by various chromatographies such as silica gel, sephadex lh-20, rp-c18 column chromatography and so on. further detailed investigation on the fraction of the ethanol extract of leaves of morus alba yielded four diels-alder type adducts mulberrofuran f1 (1), mulberrofuran f (2), chalcomoracin (3), kuwanon j ...201021351454
[characterizing effects of solvent specific morus alba components on rat platelet aggregation, vascular tension and macrophage nitrite production].to study the effects of different solvent extractions of mori ramulus on platelet aggregation, vascular tension, and nitrite production from macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides and interferon-gamma.201021355275
curcumin and a morus alba extract reduce pro-inflammatory effects of resistin in human endothelial cells.resistin is a cytokine which plays an important role in cardiovascular disease by influencing systemic inflammation and endothelial activation. in human endothelial cells (hec) it increases the expression of p-selectin and fractalkine, and enhances monocyte adhesion by antioxidant mechanisms. this study investigated whether the natural antioxidants curcumin (cc) and an extract of morus alba leaves (ma) have protective effects in resistin-activated hec. hec were exposed to 100?ng/ml resistin for ...201121442673
the anti-angiogenic herbal extracts ob-x from morus alba, melissa officinalis, and artemisia capillaris suppresses adipogenesis in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.growing adipose tissue is thought to require adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ecm) remodeling. close examination of developing adipose tissue microvasculature reveals that angiogenesis often precedes adipogenesis. since our previous study demonstrated that ob-x, the anti-angiogenic herbal composition composed of melissa officinalis l. (labiatae), morus alba l. (moraceae), and artemisia capillaris thunb. (compositae), reduced adipose tissue mass in obese mice, we hypothesized ...201121449830
the anti-angiogenic herbal composition ob-x from morus alba, melissa officinalis, and artemisia capillaris regulates obesity in genetically obese ob/ob mice.context: the growth and development of adipose tissue leading to obesity is suggested to depend on angiogenesis. our previous study showed that melissa officinalis l. (labiatae), morus alba l. (moraceae), and artemisia capillaris thunb. (compositae) are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. we hypothesized that ob-x, a mixture of three herbs, m. alba, m. officinalis, and a. capillaris, can regulate obesity. objective: to investigate the inhibitory effect of ob-x on obesity in genetically o ...201121554004
genome sequence of enterobacter mori type strain lmg 25706, a pathogenic bacterium of morus alba l.enterobacter mori is a plant pathogenic enterobacterium responsible of the bacterial wilt of morus alba l. here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain lmg 25706. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome sequence of a pathogenic bacterium in the enterobacter genus.201121602328
mulberry leaf extract reduces postprandial hyperglycemia with few side effects by inhibiting α-glucosidase in normal rats.abstract mulberry (morus alba l.) leaf extract (mle) was investigated as a potent plant-derived α-glucosidase inhibitor with low α-amylase inhibitory activity. mle was prepared by heating in an autoclave at 121°c for 15 minutes, and its in vitro and in vivo antihyperglycemic activities were investigated. the adverse side effects of mle were analyzed by measuring the weight and volume of the cecum, stool color, starch content in the cecum, and the integrity of intestinal transporting capacity. th ...201121631361
protective effects of morus alba leaves extract on ocular functions of pups from diabetic and hypercholesterolemic mother rats.phytotherapy is frequently considered to be less toxic and free from side effects than synthetic drugs. hence, the present study was designed to investigate the protective use of crude water extract of morus alba leaves on ocular functions including cataractogenesis, biochemical diabetic and hypercholesterolemic markers, retinal neurotransmitters and retinopathy of rat pups maternally subjected to either diabetes and/or hypercholesterolemia. application of crude water extract of morus alba resul ...201121697998
evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some philippine medicinal plants.the genotoxicity and toxicity of ethnomedicinal philippine plants, which include cassia fistula, derris elliptica, ficus elastica, gliciridia sepium, michelia alba, morus alba, pogostemon cablin and ricinus communis, were tested using the vitotox assay. the plants are used traditionally to treat several disorders like diabetes, weakness, menorrhagia, headache, toothache and rheumatism. the dried leaves were homogenized for overnight soaking in methanol at room temperature. the resulting alcoholi ...201121716927
comparison of dry, wet and microwave digestion methods for the multi element determination in some dried fruit samples by icp-oes.the aim of this study was used to investigate the level of trace metals (ba, pb, cd, mn, cr, co, ni, cu, mn, zn, sr and fe) in some dried fruits (prunus domestica l., ficus carica l., morus alba l., vitis vinifera l., prunus armeniaca l., and malus domestica) samples from turkey. trace elements were determined by icp-oes after dry, wet and microwave digestion methods in dried fruit samples. validation of the proposed method was carried out by using a nist-srm 1515-apple leaves certified referenc ...201121843582
naturally occurring phytotoxins in allelopathic plants help reduce herbicide dose in wheat.field studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of allelopathic plant water extracts applied alone or tank-mixed with a reduced herbicide dose on the weeds of wheat. water extracts of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench.) + sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) + mulberry (morus alba l.) were used alone (each at 20 l ha(-1)) or combined with iodo + mesosulfuron (3.6 and 7.2 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1); 25 and 50% of the recommended dose, respectively). the recommended dose of herbicid ...201121854181
Cortex Mori Radicis extract exerts antiasthmatic effects via enhancement of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and inhibition of Th2 cytokines in a mouse asthma model.ETHONOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR), the root epidermis of Morus alba L., has been traditionally used for cough treatment in Oriental medicine. In the present study, immunological mechanism of CMR in inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was investigated in a mouse asthma model.201121875661
Similarity of hydrolyzing activity of human and rat small intestinal disaccharidases.The purpose of this study was to clarify whether it is possible to extrapolate results from studies of the hydrolyzing activity of disaccharidases from rats to humans.201121904461
Inhibitory effect of mulberroside A and its derivatives on melanogenesis induced by ultraviolet B irradiation.Mulberroside A was isolated from the ethanol extract of Morus alba roots. The enzymatic hydrolysis of mulberroside A with Pectinex produced oxyresveratrol and oxyresveratrol-3-O-glucoside. We tested oxyresveratrol, oxyresveratrol-3-O-glucoside, and mulberroside A to determine whether they could inhibit ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced melanogenesis in brown guinea pig skin. Topical application of mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol, and oxyresveratrol-3-O-glucoside reduced the pigmentation in ...201121946069
tlc bioautographic method for detecting lipase inhibitors.bioautographic assays using tlc play an important role in the search for active compounds from plants. a tlc bioautographic assay has previously been established for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors but not for lipases.201422095552
Repeated ingestion of the leaf extract from Morus alba reduces insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice.The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that repeated ingestion of diet containing the leaf extract from a Morus alba (LEM) maintains the postprandial hypoglycemic response and suppresses the progression of insulin resistance in high-sucrose diet-fed KK-Ay mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This hypothesis is based on our previous studies where LEM competitively inhibited intestinal disaccharidases and suppressed the elevation of postprandial plasma glucose and i ...201122118756
diabetes mellitus and phytotherapy in turkey.this study reports a literature review aimed to analyse various studies related to the use of phytotherapy in diabetes mellitus in turkey in order to provide additional information for healthcare professionals. the incidence of diabetes mellitus is rising and many of the diabetics frequently use herbal treatments along with modern medical treatment for glycaemic control and/or improve their well-being. several electronic databases (such as medline and pubmed) were searched for 1990-2010 period ( ...201122125991
in vitro screening of plant lectins and tropical plant extracts for anthelmintic properties.lectins are plant secondary metabolites (psm) found in many forages and which may confer anthelmintic properties to gastrointestinal parasites through disrupting the development of parasitic larvae throughout its life cycle. in experiment 1, the ability of the plant lectins jacalin (jac), concanavalin a (con a), phytohemagglutinin e2l2 (pha-e2l2), phytohemagglutinin l4 (pha-l4), phytohemagglutinin e3l (pha-e3l), kidney bean albumin (kba), robinia pseudoacacia agglutinin (rpa), maackia amurensis ...201122130336
feeding of tropical trees and shrub foliages as a strategy to reduce ruminal methanogenesis: studies conducted in cuba.the aim of this paper was to present the main results obtained in cuba on the effects of feeding tropical trees and shrubs on rumen methanogenesis in animals fed with low quality fibrous diets. more than 20 tree and shrub foliages were screened for phytochemicals and analyzed for chemical constituents. from these samples, seven promising plants (samanea saman, albizia lebbeck, tithonia diversifolia, leucaena leucocephala, trichantera gigantea, sapindus saponaria, and morus alba) were evaluated f ...201122205224
<i>in vitro</i> pharmacokinetic characterization of mulberroside a, the main polyhydroxylated stilbene in mulberry (<i>morus alba</i> l.), and its bacterial metabolite oxyresveratrol in traditional oral use.mulberroside a (mula) is one of the main bioactive constituents in mulberry (<i>morus alba</i> l.). this study examined the determining factors for previously reported oral pharmacokinetic profiles of mula and its bacterial metabolite oxyresveratro (oxy) on <i>in vitro</i> models. when incubated anaerobically with intestinal bacteria, mula underwent rapid deglycosylation and generated two monoglucosides and its aglycone oxy sequentially. mula exhibited a poor permeability and predominantly trav ...201122225542
nutrient content, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane reduction potential of tropical tannin-containing leaves.plant tannins as rumen modifiers are better than chemicals or antibiotic-based modifiers since these compounds are natural products which are environmentally friendly and therefore have a better acceptance with regard to feed safety issues. tropical plants containing phenols such as tannins were found to suppress or eliminate protozoa from the rumen and reduce methane and ammonia production. the screening of these plants is an important step in the identification of new compounds and feed additi ...201222522493
physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of korean traditional alcoholic beverage, yakju, enriched with mulberry.mulberry fruits (morus alba l.), rich in health beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyananis, have traditionally been used as nutritional foodstuffs and fork medicines. in this study, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of a traditional korean alcoholic beverage ``yakju'' enriched with mulberry were evaluated. the beverage was enriched with smoothies prepared from korean mulberry cultivars of cheongilppong (cp), suwonppong (sp), and daesungppong (dp). ...201222671858
chalcomoracin and moracin c, new inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase from morus alba.bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase has been confirmed as a novel target for antibacterial drug development. in the screening of inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acp reductase (fabi), we found that a methanol extract of leaves of morus alba l. potently inhibited s. aureus fabi as well as growth of s. aureus. the active principles were identified as chalcomoracin and moracin c by ms and nmr analysis. chalcomoracin and moracin c inhibited s. aureus fabi with ic(50) of 5.5 ...201222687419
[screening of pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from chinese dietary herbs].the present study was conducted to develop new inhibitors of pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase from chinese dietary herbs. sixty-three dietary herbs from 39 taxonomic families were selected and extracted with aqueous ethanol or water. the extracts were then tested with in vitro enzyme assays for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase activities. orlistat and acarbose were used as two positive controls. the extracts of nelumbo nucifera, curcuma longa, piper longum ...201222803384
mulberrofuran g and isomulberrofuran g from morus alba l.: anti-hepatitis b virus activity and mass spectrometric fragmentation.mulberrofuran g (1) and isomulberrofuran g (2), a pair of isomeric diels-alder-type adducts, were isolated from the root bark of morus alba l. isomulberrofuran g (2) as a new iib-type diels-alder-type adduct, was elucidated by extensive (1)h, (13)c, and two-dimensional (2d) nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and mass spectrometry (ms) spectroscopic analyses. a fragmentation study on compounds 1 and 2 was performed by high-resolution electrospray ionization (esi) multistage tandem mass spectrometry ...201222835135
proximate composition and antioxidant potential of leaves from three varieties of mulberry (morus sp.): a comparative study.in this study, leaves of three indigenous varieties of mulberry namely, morus alba l., morus nigra l. and morus rubra l. were investigated for their antioxidant potential and their proximate composition was determined. the yields of 80% methanolic extracts ranged between 8.28-13.89%. the contents of total phenolics (tpc), total flavonoids (tfc) and ascorbic acid (aa) ranged between 16.21-24.37 mg gallic acid equivalent (gae)/g, 26.41-31.28 mg rutin equivalent (re)/g and 0.97-1.49 mg/g, respectiv ...201222837655
in vitro inhibitory effects of plant-based foods and their combinations on intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase.plant-based foods have been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. the successful prevention of the onset of diabetes consists in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia by the inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase activities, resulting in aggressive delay of carbohydrate digestion to absorbable monosaccharide. in this study, five plant-based foods were investigated for intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. the combined inhibitory effects of pla ...201222849553
antioxidant activities of extracts from teas prepared from medicinal plants, morus alba l., camellia sinensis l., and cudrania tricuspidata , and their volatile components.the antioxidant activity of essences of teas prepared from mulberry ( morus alba l.), camellia sinensis l., and cudrania tricuspidata (carr.) burea plant was examined using two antioxidant assays. selected volatile chemicals identified in these plants were also tested for antioxidant activity. all extracts exhibited antioxidant activity with a clear dose response in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid and the malonaldehyde/gas chromatography (ma/gc) assays. antioxidant activity of extracts at the level ...201222871255
enhancement of the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of mori cortex radicis extract by biotransformation using leuconostoc paramesenteroides pr.mori cortex radicis (mcr), the root bark of morus alba l., consists of various phytochemicals and exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. to enhance the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of mcr extract without further purification of bioactive compounds, whole mcr extract was biotransformed with crude enzyme extract from a selected lactic acid bacterium, leuconostoc paramesenteroides pr (lp). mulberroside a (ma), a major stilbene glucoside of mcr, contains two β-glucosyl residues at the ...201222878208
antioxidant enzyme changes in neem, pigeonpea and mulberry leaves in two stages of maturity.differential expression of antioxidant enzymes in various growth and differentiation stages has been documented in several plant species. we studied here, the difference in the levels of protein content and antioxidant enzymes activity at two stages of maturity, named young and mature in neem (azadirachta indica a. juss), pigeonpea (cajanus cajan (l.) mill sp) and mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves. the results showed that detached neem and pigeonpea mature leaves possessed higher activities of cat ...201222895104
molecular cloning and characterization of novel morus alba germin-like protein gene which encodes for a silkworm gut digestion-resistant antimicrobial protein.silkworm fecal matter is considered one of the richest sources of antimicrobial and antiviral protein (substances) and such economically feasible and eco-friendly proteins acting as secondary metabolites from the insect system can be explored for their practical utility in conferring broad spectrum disease resistance against pathogenic microbial specimens.201223284650
combined effects of plant extracts in inhibiting the growth of bacillus cereus in reconstituted infant rice cereal.a study was done to determine the potential use of plant extracts to inhibit the growth of bacillus cereus in reconstituted infant rice cereal. a total of 2116 extracts were screened for inhibitory activity against b. cereus using an agar well diffusion assay. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal lethal concentrations (mlc) of 14 promising extracts in tryptic soy broth (tsb) were determined. dryopteris erythrosora (autumn fern) root extract showed the lowest mic (0.0156 mg/ml) ...201323290233
new methodologies for the extraction and fractionation of bioactive carbohydrates from mulberry (morus alba) leaves.pressurized liquid extraction (ple) was applied for the first time to extract bioactive low molecular weight carbohydrates (iminosugars and inositols) from mulberry ( morus alba ) leaves. under optimized conditions, ple provided a similar yield to the conventional process used to extract these bioactives, but in less time (5 vs 90 min). to remove carbohydrates that interfere with the bioactivity of iminosugars from ple extracts, two fractionation treatments were evaluated: yeast ( saccharomyces ...201323550565
anti-microbial principles of selected remedial plants from southern india.to examine the anti-bacterial activity of leaf extracts of morus alba l. (moraceae) and piper betel l. (piperaceae), and seed extracts of bombax ceiba l. (borabacaceae).201123569779
[chemical constituents from cell cultures of morus alba].the column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex lh-20 and semi-preparative hplc were used to separate and purify the compounds from the etoac extract of medium and meoh extract of cell cultures of morus alba. eight compounds were isolated. based on physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data, their structures were identified as isobavachalcone (1), genistein (2), norartocarpetin (3), albanin a (4), guangsangon e (5), mulberrofuran f (6), chalcomoracin (7), kuwanon j (8). compounds 3-6 w ...201223627170
ethnobotanical survey of medicinally important wild edible fruits species used by tribal communities of lesser himalayas-pakistan.present survey was conducted to explore ethnomedicinal uses and cultural importance of wild edible fruits species by the inhabitants of lesser himalayas-pakistan.201323665057
[study on the fingerprint of morus alba from different habitats by hplc].to establish hplc fingerprint of morus alba from different habitats by hplc and provide basis for its quality control.201223705354
flavonoids from the cocoon of rondotia menciana.two flavonol glycosides along with four known flavonoids were isolated from the cocoon of the mulberry white caterpillar, rondotia menciana (lepidoptera: bombycidae: bombycinae), a closely related species of the domesticated silkworm bombyx mori, both of which feed on leaves of mulberry (morus alba). the two glycosides were characterized as quercetin 3-o-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-galactopyranoside and kaempferol 3-o-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-galactopyranoside, based on spectroscopic da ...201323830693
immunoglobulin e reactivity and allergenic potency of morus papyrifera (paper mulberry) pollen.paper mulberry (morus papyrifera) pollen is considered to be one of the most clinically relevant aeroallergens in pakistan. to date, the allergenicity of the pollen has not been investigated.201323967755
development and characterization of microsatellite markers for morus spp. and assessment of their transferability to other closely related species.adoption of genomics based breeding has emerged as a promising approach for achieving comprehensive crop improvement. such an approach is more relevant in the case of perennial species like mulberry. however, unavailability of genomic resources of co-dominant marker systems has been the major constraint for adopting molecular breeding to achieve genetic enhancement of mulberry. the goal of this study was to develop and characterize a large number of locus specific genic and genomic ssr markers w ...201324289047
antiviral effects of mulberry (morus alba) juice and its fractions on foodborne viral surrogates.norovirus infection is a major cause of nonbacterial foodborne outbreaks worldwide, but no specific treatments are available yet. in this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of mulberry (morus alba, ma) juice and its fractions on murine norovirus-1 (mnv-1) and feline calicivirus-f9 (fcv-f9) as human norovirus surrogates using cytopathic effect inhibition, plaque reduction, and rna expression assays. in time-of-addition experiments, ma juice was found to be effective in reducing the inf ...201424350883
large-scale intersubspecific recombination in the plant-pathogenic bacterium xylella fastidiosa is associated with the host shift to mulberry.homologous recombination plays an important role in the structuring of genetic variation of many bacteria; however, its importance in adaptive evolution is not well established. we investigated the association of intersubspecific homologous recombination (ihr) with the shift to a novel host (mulberry) by the plant-pathogenic bacterium xylella fastidiosa. mulberry leaf scorch was identified about 25 years ago in native red mulberry in the eastern united states and has spread to introduced white m ...201424610840
buffer nitrogen solubility, in vitro ruminal partitioning of nitrogen and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in leaves of four fodder tree species.this study explores the chemical composition, buffer n solubility, in vitro ruminal n degradability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in leaves from gliricidia sepium, leucaena leucocephala, morus alba and trichanthera gigantea trees. these tree leaves are a potential protein source for ruminants, but their site-influenced nutritive value is largely unknown. leucaena leucocephala leaves had the highest n content (42.1 g/kg dm), while t. gigantea leaves had the least (26.1 g/kg ...201424750263
the potential role of morus alba leaves extract on the brain of mice infected with schistosoma mansoni.schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease which is associated with neuropsychiatric and neuropathological disorders. herein, the main goal of the presented work is to investigate the effect of morus alba leaves extract in mice brain infected with schistosoma mansoni. since, the resistance of schistosomes to antischistosomal drug (praziquantel) has been examined, schistosomiasis induced brain oxidative stress as evidenced by the decrease of glutathione level, total antioxidant capacity and ...201425106639
eriophyoid mites (acari: trombidiformes: eriophyoidea) of rosales trees in iran: two new species and three new records.this paper describes two new species of eriophyoidea associated with trees belonging to the order rosales in the south-western portion of east azerbaijan province, iran, collected during a survey in 2011: aceria lobolinguae n. sp. on elaeagnus angustifolia l. (elaeagnaceae) and rhinophytoptus nemalobos n. sp. on prunus domestica l. (rosaceae). additionally, phyllocoptes abaenus keifer on prunus armeniaca l. (rosaceae), aculus fockeui (nalepa & trouessart) on prunus amygdalus stokes and malus dom ...201425283393
six new record species of whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) infesting morus alba in china.to determine the species of whiteflies occurring on mulberry, morus alba l. (rosales: moraceae) in china, we collected samples in more than 87 sites in 16 provinces of china from 2008 to 2011. in total, 10 species, representing seven genera of the subfamily aleyrodinae, were identified. of these, six species are newly recorded on mulberry in china, namely, aleuroclava ficicola takahashi, aleuroclava gordoniae (takahashi), aleurotrachelus camelliae (kuwana), bemisia afer (priesner & hosny), bemis ...201425368095
centuries of domestication has not impaired oviposition site-selection function in the silkmoth, bombyx mori.oviposition site-selection in insects is mediated through innate recognition templates (irts) tuned to specific chemical cues. these cues aid gravid insects in choosing suitable oviposition sites and may even enhance the fitness of their offspring by warding off predators and parasitoids. however, studies on the evolution of oviposition site-selection and cues instigating oviposition in domesticated insects remain elusive. using the interaction between the silkmoth, bombyx mori, and its host pla ...201425503440
ethnopharmacological assessment of medicinal plants used against livestock infections by the people living around indus river.the present study was aimed to document detailed ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants against livestock infections of an unexplored remote region of pakistan. semistructured questionnaires were used for data collection. total 43 plants belonging to 26 families were found to be used in ethnoveterinary practices. seeds (29%) were found to be the most frequent plant part used followed by leaves (22%). ethnoveterinary recipes were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and powdering. ...201425544941
white mulberry (morus alba) foliage methanolic extract can alleviate aeromonas hydrophila infection in african catfish (clarias gariepinus).two experiments were simultaneously conducted with morus alba (white mulberry) foliage extract (mfe) as a growth promoter and treatment of aeromonas hydrophila infection in separate 60 and 30 days trail (experiments 1 and 2, resp.) in african catfish (clarias gariepinus). in experiment 1, four diets, control and control supplemented with 2, 5, or 7 g mfe/kg dry matter (dm) of diet, were used. in experiment 2, fish were intraperitoneally infected with aeromonas hydrophila and fed the same diets a ...201425574488
herb-drug interaction between an anti-hiv chinese herbal sh formula and atazanavir in vitro and in vivo.with the prevalent use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) for aids patients since 1996, the mortality of hiv/aids patients has been remarkably decreased. with long-term use of haart, drug resistance and side effects of antiretrovirals have been frequently reported, which not only reduce the efficacy, but also decreases the tolerance of patients. traditional herbal medicine has become more popular among hiv/aids patients as adjuvant therapy to reduce these adverse effects of haart. s ...201525614104
lead in the soil-mulberry (morus alba l.)-silkworm (bombyx mori) food chain: translocation and detoxification.the translocation of lead (pb) in the soil-mulberry-silkworm food chain and the process of pb detoxification in the mulberry-silkworm chain were investigated. the amount of pb in mulberry, silkworm, feces and silk increased in a dose-responsive manner to the pb contents in the soils. mulberry roots sequestered most of the pb, ranging from 230.78 to 1209.25 mg kg(-1). over 92% of the pb in the mulberry leaves was deposited in the cell wall, and 95.29-95.57% of the pb in the mulberry leaves was in ...201525703900
cholesterol overload impairing cerebellar function: the promise of natural products.the cerebellum is the part of the brain most involved in controlling motor and cognitive function. the surface becomes convoluted, forming folia that have a characteristic internal structure of three layers including molecular, purkinje cell, and granular layer. this complex neural network gives rise to a massive signal-processing capability. cholesterol is a major constituent, derived by de novo synthesis and the blood-brain barrier. cholesterol is tightly regulated between neurons and glia-tha ...201525837204
effects of a new combination of nutraceuticals with morus alba on lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endotelial function in dyslipidemic subjects. a cross-over, randomized, double-blind trial.nutraceuticals (nut) are forms of compounds with biological activity commonly used to improve health in dosage largely exceeding those obtainable in food.201525870124
agrobacterium-mediated transient maft expression in mulberry (morus alba l.) leaves.to optimize agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation assay in mulberry (morus alba l.), various infiltration methods, agrobacterium tumefaciens (a. tumefaciens) strains, and bacterial concentrations were tested in mulberry seedlings. compared with lba4404, gv3101 harboring pbe2133 plasmids presented stronger gus signals at 3 days post infiltration using syringe. recombinant plasmids pbe2133:gfp and pbe2133:gfp:maft were successfully constructed. transient expression of maft:gfp protein wa ...201526024368
regio-selective deglycosylation of icariin by cell suspension cultures of glycyrrhiza uralensis and morus alba.biotransformations of icariin (1) by cell suspension cultures of glycyrrhiza uralensis and morus alba yielded two new metabolites, icaruralins a and b (2 and 3), and one known metabolite, baohuoside i (4). their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. this is the first report that the cell suspension cultures of g. uralensis and m. alba possess deglycosylation functionality.201526074011
in vitro antioxidant, collagenase inhibition, and in vivo anti-wrinkle effects of combined formulation containing punica granatum, ginkgo biloba, ficus carica, and morus alba fruits extract.in phytotherapy, the therapeutic potential is based on the combined action of different herbal drugs. our objective was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-collagenase (in vitro), and anti-wrinkle (in vivo) effect of combined formulation containing ginkgo biloba, punica granatum, ficus carica, and morus alba fruits extract.201526203268
evaluation of toxicity and antimicrobial activity of an ethanolic extract from leaves of morus alba l. (moraceae).this work evaluated an ethanolic extract from morus alba leaves for toxicity to artemia salina, oral toxicity to mice, and antimicrobial activity. phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenes in the extract, which did not show toxicity to a. salina nauplii. no mortality and behavioral alterations were detected for mice treated with the extract (300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days. however, animals that received the highest dose showed reduced m ...201526246840
accumulation of rutin and betulinic acid and expression of phenylpropanoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic genes in mulberry (morus alba l.).mulberry (morus alba l.) is used in traditional chinese medicine and is the sole food source of the silkworm. here, 21 cdnas encoding phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and 21 cdnas encoding triterpene biosynthetic genes were isolated from mulberry. the expression levels of genes involved in these biosynthetic pathways and the accumulation of rutin, betulin, and betulinic acid, important secondary metabolites, were investigated in different plant organs. most phenylpropanoid and triterpene biosy ...201526343778
enhanced mulberroside a production from cell suspension and root cultures of morus alba using elicitation.morus alba l. has been used in asian traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic and as a whitening agent in cosmetic products. mulberroside a is the major active compound from m. alba root bark. in this study, cell suspension and root cultures of m. alba were established, and the effect of the elicitors on the enhancement of mulberroside a production in m. alba was investigated. the cell suspension and root cultures of m. alba were exposed to elicitors and then mu ...201526411024
anti-aging potential of phytoextract loaded-pharmaceutical creams for human skin cell longetivity.the exposure to ultraviolet radiations (uvr) is the key source of skin sunburn; it may produce harmful entities, reactive oxygen species (ros), leading to aging. the skin can be treated and protected from the injurious effects of ros by using various pharmaceutical formulations, such as cream. cream can be loaded with antioxidants to quench ros leading to photo-protective effects. moreover, modern medicines depend on ethnobotanicals for protection or treatment of human diseases. this review arti ...201526448818
in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of morus alba leaf against periodontal pathogens.antibiotic resistance is a major problem with inadvertent usage. thus, there is a need to search for new antimicrobial agents of herbal origin to combat antibiotic resistance. one such plant is morus alba which has a long history of medicinal use in traditional chinese medicine.201526672427
[relationship among allergic rhinitis, regional pollens and meteorological conditions in kunming area].to evaluate the species, quantity and diffusion of allergenic pollens as well as the relationship among allergic rhinitis (ar), pollen species and meteorological conditions in kunming area.201526695978
analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of up1304, a botanical composite containing standardized extracts of curcuma longa and morus alba.though the initial etiologies of arthritis are multifactorial, clinically, patients share the prime complaints of the disease, pain. here the authors assessed the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of up1304, a composite that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the rhizome of curcuma longa and the root bark of morus alba, on rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema.201626778230
effect of cultivar, temperature, and environmental conditions on the dynamic change of melatonin in mulberry fruit development and wine fermentation.high levels of melatonin have been reported in various foods but not in mulberry or its wine. this study investigated the dynamic changes of melatonin levels during mulberry fruit development and ethanol fermentation of 2 different colored mulberry cultivars ("hongguo2ˮ morus nigra, black and "baiyuwangˮ morus alba, white) at 2 fermentation temperatures (16 and 25 °c). our results showed that the melatonin level increased in the beginning of mulberry development but decreased in the end. the mnt ...201626953927
up1304, a botanical composition containing two standardized extracts of curcuma longa and morus alba, mitigates pain and inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats.though, the initial etiologies of arthritis are multifactorial, clinically, patients share pain as the prime complaints. present day pain relief therapeutics heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side effects. hence, the need for evidence-based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the most prominen ...201727034601
microbiological characterization and functionality of set-type yogurt fermented with potential prebiotic substrates cudrania tricuspidata and morus alba l. leaf extracts.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 plant leaf extracts on fermentation mechanisms and health-promoting activities and their potential as a nutraceutical prebiotics ingredient for application in dairy products. the individual active phenolic compounds in the plant extract-supplemented milk and yogurts were also identified. compared with control fermentation, the plant extracts significantly increased the growth and acidification rate of streptococcus thermophilus and l ...201627236762
an evaluation of 1-deoxynojirimycin oral administration in eri silkworm through fat body metabolomics based on (1) h nuclear magnetic resonance.1-deoxynojirimycin (dnj), the main hypoglycemic constituent in mulberry (morus alba) latex, has been extensively researched. although there is considerable interest in the biological effects of dnj, the roles of 1-deoxynojirimycin (dnj) in glycometabolism and energy metabolism in insects have received little attention. in this paper, (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)h nmr) based metabonomic was performed to study the effects of the oral supplementation of 0.25% dnj, 0.5% dnj, latex, and the m ...201627294120
up1306, a botanical composition with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.pain, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation, is the most common clinical manifestations of arthritis. conventional pain relief therapy heavily relies on the use of prescription and over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first line of defense where their long-term usage causes deleterious gastrointestinal and cardiovascular-related side-effects. hence, there is an equivocal need for evidence-based safer and efficacious alternatives from natural sources to overcome the mo ...201727365987
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