Publications

effects of compaction and simulated root channels in the subsoil on root development, water uptake and growth of radiata pine.	effects of subsoil compaction and simulated root channels (perforations) through the compacted layer on root growth, water uptake, foliar nutrient concentration and growth of radiata pine (pinus radiata d. don) were studied in a field experiment where a range of treatments were applied in reconstituted soil profiles. subsoil compaction adversely affected root penetration in deeper parts of the soil and consequently caused greater water stress in trees. however, the effect of compaction was large ...	1992	14969986
water stress integral-a link between short-term stress and long-term growth.	water stress integral (s(psi)), the cumulative integral of pre-dawn leaf water potential over any chosen period of time, was estimated from measurements of pre-dawn water potential made every two weeks in a pinus radiata d. don plantation near canberra, australia. also measured were final length of current-season needles and annual stem basal area increment. data were gathered over a 4-year period from a control plot, a fertilized plot, an irrigated plot, and two plots that were both fertilized ...	1988	14972802
modeling the water balance of a small pinus radiata catchment.	an hourly biophysical model was used to calculate the water balance over a period of one year for an 8.7-ha catchment with a closed-canopy, 13-year-old pinus radiata d. don forest in the central north island, new zealand. components of the model are transpiration from the dry tree canopy, evaporation from the partially wet tree canopy and stems, evaporation from the understory and soil, and drainage from a single-layer root zone. the model requires input of hourly weather data (net radiation, ai ...	1991	14972854
architectural distribution of foliage in individual pinus radiata d. don crowns and the effects of clumping on radiation interception.	the architectural arrangement and leaf area of representative branch units, on one branch complex from each cluster on the stem, were measured on six trees in a widely spaced 7-year-old pinus radiata d. don plantation. there was a linear relationship between leaf area and the basal area of branch complexes. assuming similarity in the arrangement of branch units within concomitant branch complexes at each cluster, the 3-dimensional distribution of leaf area density (leaf area per unit volume) in ...	1990	14972912
gas exchange and dry matter allocation responses to elevation of atmospheric co(2) concentration in seedlings of three tree species.	photosynthetic rates of 13-month-old pinus radiata d. don, nothofagus fusca (hook f.) ørst. and pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco seedlings grown and measured at elevated atmospheric concentrations of co(2) (~620 microl l(-1)) were 32 to 55% greater than those of seedlings grown and measured at ambient (~310 microl l(-1)) concentrations of co(2). seedlings grown in ambient and elevated concentrations of co(2) had similar rates of photosynthesis when measured at ~620 microl l(-1) co(2), but wh ...	1987	14975812
relationships between nutrient status, carbon assimilation and water use efficiency in pinus radiata (d. don) needles.	the productivity of pinus radiata d. don plantations can be increased on many soils by n and p fertilization. foliar analyses are usually taken as a guide for nutrient management, but there is little information about the relationship of foliar nutrient status to foliar physiology. this paper provides such information from n and p fertilization experiments. the concentrations and contents of n and p in the needles of p. radiata change because of accumulation during needle growth, retranslocation ...	1986	14975843
transgenic pinus radiata from agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of cotyledons.	a method for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of pinus radiata cotyledon explants was developed using commercially available open-pollinated seed. pinus radiata is the most widely planted commercial conifer species in the southern hemisphere. reports on transformation of this species have relied on particle bombardment of embryogenic callus derived from immature embryos. the main drawback to the method is the small number of genotypes that are amenable to transformation and rege ...	2004	14986058
90sr uptake by pinus ponderosa and pinus radiata seedlings inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi.	strontium-90 ((90)sr) is a radionuclide characteristic of fallout from nuclear reactor accidents and nuclear weapons testing. prior studies have shown that pinus ponderosa and p. radiata seedlings can remove appreciable quantities of (90)sr from soil and store it in plant tissue. in this study, we inoculated p. ponderosa and p. radiata seedlings with one of five isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi. inoculated and noninoculated (control) seedlings were compared for their ability to remove (90)sr fr ...	1994	15091637
nutrient accumulation in trees and soil following irrigation with municipal effluent in australia.	irrigation of tree crops is being evaluated as a method of land disposal of municipal effluent in australia. a study was carried out from 1980-84 in which seven tree species were sprinkler-irrigated with effluent at an annual rate of 1191-1752 mm. effective weed control and frequent irrigation resulted in good survival of all species (range 83-100%) at 12 months. total productivity was estimated at age 4 years by measuring biomass of each species inclusive of litter and roots to a soil depth of ...	1990	15092326
regional variation of selected polyaromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons over the south island of new zealand, as indicated by their content in pinus radiata needles.	we analysed needles of pinus radiata along three transects through the south island of new zealand for chlorinated hydrocarbons ( alpha- and gamma-hch, hcb and pcb) and pah (fluoranthene, 3,4-benzopyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene and indenopyrene). at rural sites we also collected samples of moss (wijkia extenuata) and lichens (usnea sp.) in order to compare the pollutant concentrations within these plants. a principal component analysis confirmed findings from moss and snow studies in europe that the ...	1987	15092742
hormonal changes throughout maturation and ageing in pinus pinea.	phytohormones, which are responsible for certain age-related changes in plants, play a major role throughout maturation and ageing. previous results dealing with this topic allowed us to describe an ageing and vigour index in pinus radiata based on a ratio between different forms of cytokinins (cks). the aim of the present study was to extend the studies on the changes in the hormonal status throughout maturation and ageing to stone pine (pinus pinea l.). with this aim in mind, a number of cks w ...	2004	15120119
detection and quantification of airborne conidia of fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, from two california sites by using a real-time pcr approach combined with a simple spore trapping method.	pinus radiata (monterey pine), a tree native to coastal california and mexico, is widely planted worldwide for timber production. a major threat to monterey pine plantations is the fungal disease pine pitch canker, caused by fusarium circinatum (hypocreales). we present a novel trapping approach using filter paper in combination with a rapid molecular method to detect the presence of inoculum in the air. the assay is also useful for diagnosing the presence of the pathogen on plants. the test is ...	2004	15184151
a pinus radiata aaa-atpase, the expression of which increases with tree ageing.	age-dependent changes in gene expression profiles were studied in vegetative pinus radiata buds by means of differential display. among several candidate cdnas, a 327 bp fragment that shows high homology with an arabidopsis thaliana 20s proteasome atpase designated rpt5a was found. northern hybridization confirmed that the accumulation of this transcript increases with tree ageing, suggesting a possible role of this aaa-atpase gene in development-related specific proteolysis.	2004	15208342
leptographium bistatum sp. nov., a new species with a sporothrix synanamorph from pinus radiata in korea.	radiata pine (pinus radiata) lumber from australia, chile, and new zealand is imported into korea where it represents one of the most important sources of timber. blue stain of this timber is a serious problem for which an integrated control strategy is being developed. one of the fungi that has been isolated from stained radiata pine sapwood in korea is a leptographium sp. that has a distinct sporothrix synanamorph. the aim of this study was to classify this fungus. morphological comparisons sh ...	2004	15323253
changes in polyamine concentration associated with aging in pinus radiata and prunus persica.	endogenous polyamine concentrations in apical buds of peach (prunus persica (l.) batsch cv. 'hakuho') and monterey pine (pinus radiata d. don) seedlings, saplings and mature trees were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection to establish physiological correspondences and disparities between the species. although there were many differences in polyamine metabolism between peach and monterey pine, several similarities were found. specifically, in both ...	2004	15339731
evidence of chemical reactions between di- and poly-glycidyl ether resins and tannins isolated from pinus radiata d. don bark.	this work evaluates the feasibility of reacting tannins isolated from pinus radiata d. don bark with epoxide resins of the diglycidyl and polyglycidyl ether type. to this end, gel times of aqueous tannin dispersions (40% w/w) with every one of nine selected resins (5% w/w), at previously established ph values (initial equal to 3.3, 4, 7 and 10), have been determined. products of these reactions were analyzed by ft-ir spectroscopy, and the results were compared with those obtained from tannin-p-f ...	2005	15364086
consistent and stable expression of the nptii, uida and bar genes in transgenic pinus radiata after agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation using nurse cultures.	an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol has been developed for embryogenic cell cultures of pinus radiata. transgenic lines were only produced when embryogenic tissue was placed on nurse tissue during the agrobacterium co-cultivation and recovery stages of the procedure. plantlets were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis from ten of the 11 transgenic lines tested and at least 20 of each line were planted in a gmo glasshouse. expression of the nptii, uida and bar genes in ...	2005	15449015
root distribution of pinus pinaster, p. radiata, eucalyptus globulus and e. kochii and associated soil chemistry in agricultural land adjacent to tree lines.	we quantified the extent and distribution of roots of four commonly planted tree species (eucalyptus globulus labill., pinus radiata d. don, p. pinaster aiton and e. kochii maiden & blakely subsp. plenissima c.a. gardner) in agricultural land adjacent to tree lines, and examined the effect of soil type and root pruning on root morphology. root distribution in soil adjacent to tree lines was mapped by a trench profile method at 13 sites on the south coast of western australia. soil samples were c ...	2004	15465696
morphogenetic processes: application to cambial growth dynamics.	both the physiological and the pathological morphogenetic processes that we can meet in embryogenesis, neogenesis and degenerative dysgenesis present common features: they are ruled by three different kinds of mechanisms, one related to cell migration, the second to cell differentiation and the third to cell proliferation. we deal here with an application to the cambial growth which essentially involves the third type of mechanism. woody plants produce secondary tissue (secondary xylem and phloe ...	2004	15520543
capillary electrophoresis of the major anions and cations in leaf extracts of woody species.	capillary electrophoresis methods are described for the analysis of the major inorganic anions (nitrite, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, phosphate), organic acids (oxalate, malate, citrate, succinate) and inorganic cations (ammonium, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium) in leaf extracts. analytical performance was validated for extracts from leaves of four sclerophyllous species: eucalyptus globulus, e. cladocalyx, e. nitens and pinus radiata. inorganic anions and organic acids were analysed in a ...	2004	15595456
development of a nested pcr detection procedure for nectria fuckeliana direct from norway spruce bark extracts.	a pair of primers specific for nectria fuckeliana, a bark infecting pathogen predominantly of norway spruce (picea abies), were designed from comparisons of nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of nine isolates from norway, lithuania, switzerland, austria, slovakia, scotland (larix sp.) and new zealand (pinus radiata), and other closely related nectriaceous species, including neo. neomacrospora, and 'n'. mammoidea, to which it exhibits taxonomic ...	2005	15621436
gene silencing studies in the gymnosperm species pinus radiata.	a biolistic transformation procedure was used to transform embryogenic pinus radiata tissue with constructs containing the zea mays ubi1 (ubiquitin)-promoter followed by the p. radiata cad (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase) cdna in sense or anti-sense orientation or in the form of an inverted-repeat. the effect of the different constructs on silencing the endogenous cad gene was monitored in embryogenic tissue and somatic seedlings of 28 p. radiata transclones. quantitative cad measurements demons ...	2005	15662500
insect-resistant transgenic pinus radiata.	transgenic radiata pine (pinus radiata d. don) plants containing a bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin gene, crylac, were produced by means of biolistic transformation of embryogenic tissue. using the selectable marker gene nptii and corresponding geneticin selection, 20 independent transgenic lines from five genotypes were established. over 200 plants regenerated from ten transgenic lines were successfully transferred to soil. the integration and expression of the introduced genes in transgenic t ...	2005	15668791
effects of management on understory diversity in the forest ecosystems of northern spain.	pine plantations are an alternative to marginal agriculture in many countries, and are often presented as an option that improves biodiversity. however, these plantations can have adverse environmental effects if improperly managed. to evaluate the effect of forest management practices on biodiversity, the diversity, species richness, dominance and frequency of understory woody plant species in different forests of the basque country (northern spain) were compared. plantations of exotic conifers ...	2004	15726282
methanogenic toxicity and continuous anaerobic treatment of wood processing effluents.	wood processing effluents contain different types of phenolic compounds, from simple monomers to high molecular weight (mw) polyphenolic polymers, that can inhibit wastewater treatment. this work presents a comparative study of the methanogenic toxicity produced by three wood processing effluents (hardboard, fiberboard and bkme (kraft mill effluent)) using pinus radiata, eucalyptus and tepa as feedstock (the last one being a native chilean tree species). this study evaluates the influence of non ...	2005	15737456
geographic isolation of diplodia scrobiculata and its association with native pinus radiata.	diplodia pinea (syn. sphaeropsis sapinea) is a well-known latent pathogen of pinus spp. with a worldwide distribution. as such, this fungus is native where pines are endemic in the northern hemisphere and it has been introduced into all countries of the southern hemisphere where pines are exotic. the newly described d. scrobiculata (formerly known as the b morphotype of d. pinea) is thought to have a much more limited distribution. d. scrobiculata was first reported as an endophyte and weak path ...	2004	15757175
the cellulose synthase gene prcesa10 is involved in cellulose biosynthesis in developing tracheids of the gymnosperm pinus radiata.	one full length (prcesa10) and seven other cdna clones (prcesa2, 3, 5-8, 11) encoding cellulose synthases (cesas) were isolated from the coniferous gymnosperm pinus radiata. prcesa10 encodes a protein predicted to contain the same domains and regions as angiosperm cesa genes: a zinc finger domain, a hypervariable region 1 (hvr1), a plant-conserved region (cr-p), a class-specific region or hypervariable region 2 (hvr2), in addition to the four conserved domains u1-u4 that are characteristic of th ...	2005	15823508
managing plantation forests to provide short- to long-term supplies of wood to streams: a simulation study using new zealand's pine plantations.	riparian functions such as the recruitment of wood to streams take decades to recover after a clear-fell harvest to the stream edge. the implications of two sets of riparian management scenarios on the short- and long-term recruitment of wood to a hypothetical stream (central north island, new zealand) were compared through simulation modeling. in the first set (native forest buffer), a designated tree-less riparian buffer was colonized by native forest species after a pine crop (pinus radiata) ...	2005	16028001
the availability of ovine infective trichostrongyle larvae on forested paddocks.	a study was made to compare the numbers of infective ovine nematode parasite larvae on an open pastured block and an adjacent block forested with pinus radiata at 200 stems per hectare. each block consisted of two paddocks which had similar nematode parasite egg contamination. infective larvae of six genera were recovered over a 12 month period viz., trichostrongylus spp., ostertagia spp., cooperia spp., nematodirus spp., chabertia/oesophagostomum spp. and haemonchus sp. a significantly higher r ...	1986	16031241
aeroallergens sensitization in an allergic paediatric population of cova da beira, portugal.	cova da beira is an interior central region of portugal, with a population of 93,000 inhabitants. the first pollen counts performed in portugal revealed the highest values of the country in this area. the aim of this study was to assess the aeroallergens sensitization in an allergic population, according to the age groups. in a 5 year period (1995-2000) 1790 consecutive outpatients were observed for suspected allergic symptoms. we included in this study all the 557 paediatric (< or = 15 years ol ...	2005	16045856
cloning and characterization of a floricaula/leafy ortholog, pfl, in polygamous papaya.	the homologous genes floricaula (flo) in antirrhinum and leafy (lfy) in arabidopsis are known to regulate the initiation of flowering in these two distantly related plant species. these genes are necessary also for the expression of downstream genes that control floral organ identity. we used arabidopsis lfy cdna as a probe to clone and sequence a papaya ortholog of lfy, pfl. it encodes a protein that shares 61% identity with the arabidopsis lfy gene and 71% identity with the lfy homologs of the ...	2005	16117847
leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from treated vineyard posts in marlborough, new zealand.	there have been conflicting reports as to the extent that copper-chromium-arsenic (cca) treatments leach from timber. in new zealand, vineyards utilise cca-treated posts at a rate of 579 posts per hectare. this represents a potential cca burden on the soil of 12, 21, and 17 kg/ha, respectively, for the three elements. given a replacement rate of 4% per year, the use of cca-treated posts may result in an accumulation of these elements in the soil, possibly leading to groundwater contamination. we ...	2006	16150477
comparative effects of enzogenol and vitamin c supplementation versus vitamin c alone on endothelial function and biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic smokers.	chronic smoking is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, with oxidative stress contributing to both these processes. in this study, we investigated the effect of combined antioxidant treatment with enzogenol, a flavonoid extract from the bark of pinus radiata and vitamin c, over and above vitamin c alone, on endothelial function, plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, blood pressure (bp) and anthropometrics. forty-four chronic smokers without established cardiov ...	2006	16298763
light quality treatments enhance somatic seedling production in three southern pine species.	embryogenic cultures of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.), slash pine (pinus elliottii engelm.), longleaf pine (pinus palustris mill.) and slash pine x longleaf pine hybrids were initiated from immature seeds on an initiation medium containing 13.57 microm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.22 microm benzylaminopurine. embryogenic cultures proliferated and somatic embryos developed, matured and germinated following a modified protocol and media originally developed for radiata pine (pinus radiata ...	2006	16356915
lignification in cell cultures of pinus radiata: activities of enzymes and lignin topochemistry.	enzymatic and topochemical aspects of lignification were studied in a pinus radiata d. don cell culture system that was induced to differentiate tracheary elements and sclereids with lignified secondary cell walls. the activities of the lignin-related enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal; ec 4.3.1.5) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad; ec 1.1.1.195) increased concomitantly with cell differentiation, indicating that the increase in enzyme activity was related to lignification of the cell ...	2006	16356917
gene silencing of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in pinus radiata callus cultures.	xylem-derived pinus radiata cell cultures, which can be induced to differentiate tracheary elements (tes), were transformed with an rnai construct designed to silence cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of monolignols. quantitative enzymatic cad measurements revealed reduced cad activity levels in most transclones generated. tes from transclones with approximately 20% residual cad activity did not release elevated levels of vanillin, which was derived fro ...	2005	16386427
analysis of microsatellite variation in pinus radiata reveals effects of genetic drift but no recent bottlenecks.	most conifer species occur in large continuous populations, but radiata pine, pinus radiata, occurs only in five disjunctive natural populations in california and mexico. the mexican island populations were presumably colonized from the mainland millions of years ago. according to axelrod (1981), the mainland populations are relicts of an earlier much wider distribution, reduced some 8,000 years ago, whereas according to millar (1997, 2000), the patchy metapopulation-like structure is typical of ...	2006	16405588
wood formation from the base to the crown in pinus radiata: gradients of tracheid wall thickness, wood density, radial growth rate and gene expression.	wood formation was investigated at five heights along the bole for two unrelated trees of pinus radiata. both trees showed clear gradients in wood properties from the base to the crown. cambial cells at the base of the tree were dividing 3.3-fold slower than those at the crown, while the average thickness of cell walls in wood was highest at the base. cell wall thickness showed an overall correlation coefficient of >0.7 with wood density in both genotypes. microscopic examination of developing t ...	2006	16525892
selecting ectomycorrhizal fungi for inoculating plantations in south china: effect of scleroderma on colonization and growth of exotic eucalyptus globulus, e. urophylla, pinus elliottii, and p. radiata.	plantation forestry with exotic trees in south china needs compatible symbionts to improve the growth of seedlings in nurseries and to enhance establishment and growth in the field. scleroderma, a potentially suitable symbiont for inoculation, is not being used in containerized nurseries in the region due to poor knowledge of its host range. the ability of 15 collections of scleroderma, nine from australia and six from asia, to colonize and promote growth of four important exotic plantation tree ...	2006	16534620
comparative studies on pyrimidine metabolism in excised cotyledons of pinus radiata during shoot formation in vitro.	changes in the pattern of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism were investigated in pinus radiata cotyledons cultured under shoot-forming (sf; +n(6)-benzyladenine) and non-shoot-forming (nsf, -n(6)-benzyladenine) conditions, as well as in cotyledons unresponsive (old) to n(6)-benzyladenine. this was carried out by following the metabolic fate of externally supplied (14)c-labeled orotic acid, intermediate of the de novo pathway, and (14)c-labeled uridine and uracil, substrates of the salvage pathway. ...	2007	16600426
the necessity of zinc for pinus radiata.		1942	16653777
photosynthesis and transpiration of monterey pine seedlings as a function of soil water suction and soil temperature.	rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration of monterey pine (pinus radiata d. don) were measured under controlled conditions of soil water suction and soil temperature. air temperature, relative humidity, light intensity, and air movement were maintained constant. rates of net photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration decreased with increasing soil water suction. the decrease in the rates of net photosynthesis and transpiration as a function of the soil temperature at low soil ...	1968	16656800
changes in cytokinins and gibberellin-like substances in pinus radiata buds during lateral shoot initiation and the characterization of ribosyl zeatin and a novel ribosyl zeatin glycoside.	based on detection and quantitation by bioassay, endogenous gibberellin-like substances (gas) and cytokinins (cks) in pinus radiata d. don buds during sequential shoot initiation shift from less polar to more polar forms (gas) and from conjugated to free forms (cks). as the terminal bud moves from the production of "short shoots" (needle fascicles) to "long shoots" (lateral branches or female conebuds), a more polar ga appears while a glucoside-conjugate of zeatin riboside is reduced, and zeatin ...	1984	16663472
gibberellin a(4/7) and the promotion of flowering in pinus radiata: effects on partitioning of photoassimilate within the bud during primordia diferentiation.	gibberellin a(4/7) mixture (ga(4/7)), a highly effective promoter of early and enhanced flowering in the pinaceae, caused a significant reallocation of dry matter and (14)c-photosynthate within terminal buds of pinus radiata d. don within 8 days of hormone treatment. treatment with ga(4/7) to terminal shoots of vigorous, potentially flowering mature grafted propagules reduced the flow of photoassimilated (14)c and dry matter into the terminal bud as a whole, but significantly increased the dry m ...	1984	16663841
chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic and growth responses of pinus radiata to phosphorus deficiency, drought stress, and high co(2).	needles from phosphorus deficient seedlings of pinus radiata d. don grown for 8 weeks at either 330 or 660 microliters co(2) per liter displayed chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics characteristic of structural changes within the thylakoid chloroplast membrane, i.e. constant yield fluorescence (f(o)) was increased and induced fluorescence ([f(p)-f(i)]/f(o)) was reduced. the effect was greatest in the undroughted plants grown at 660 mul co(2) l(-1). by week 22 at 330 mul co(2) l(-1) accl ...	1986	16664832
mineral nutrient requirements of a loblolly pine (pinus taeda) cell suspension culture : evaluation of a medium formulated from seed composition data.	the mineral nutrient requirements of pinus taeda cells were explored using quantitative cell culture growth measurements. an appraisal was thereby made of the critical features of a novel and successful medium which was developed specifically for this gymnosperm using chemical composition data for developing seeds, and characterized by generally high concentration of all micronutrients, high magnesium, and low calcium. the high magnesium concentration was found not to be detrimental and possibly ...	1986	16665170
activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and c-bicarbonate fixation during in vitro culture of pinus radiata cotyledons.	the activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpc) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), as indicators of autotrophic and nonautotrophic co(2) fixation, were measured in excised cotyledons of pinus radiata d. don cultured for 21 days under shoot-forming (sf) and nonshoot-forming (nsf) conditions. the activity of rubpc was found to increase in both sf and nsf cultures during the initial 5 days of culture. however, it leveled off from day 5 to day 10 and subsequently began to decrea ...	1988	16666206
extended host range of agrobacterium tumefaciens in the genus pinus.	two-to 4-month-old seedlings of nine pine species (pinus eldarica medw., pinus elliottii engelm., pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf., pinus lambertiana dougl., pinus ponderosa laws., pinus radiata d. don, pinus sylvestris l., pinus taeda l., pinus virginiana mill), douglas fir (pseudotsuaa menziesii (mirb.) franco) and incense cedar (libocedrus decurrens torr.) were inoculated with five strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformation occurred in all conifer species tested as determined by gall fo ...	1990	16667394
increases in phosphorus requirements for co(2)-enriched pine species.	pinus radiata d. don (half-sib families 20010 and 20062) and pinus caribaea var hondurensis (an open-pollinated family) were grown for 49 weeks at seven levels of phosphorus and at co(2) concentrations of either 340 or 660 microliters per liter, to establish if the phosphorus requirements differed between the co(2) concentrations and if mycorrhizal associations were affected. when soil phosphorus availability was low, phosphorus uptake was increased by elevated co(2). this may have been related ...	1990	16667414
boron deficiency in cultured pine cells : quantitative studies of the interaction with ca and mg.	a pronounced interaction between calcium, magnesium, and boron was found in growth studies with pinus radiata cell cultures. quantitative isoactivity data for the interaction was analyzed in terms of selected simple and plausible theoretical models. the data was found to be consistent with a model in which a critical acceptor molecule is activated only by binding both ca and b at separate sites; mg competitively displaces ca to inactivate the acceptor. it was found that b is, surprisingly, not b ...	1990	16667559
denitrification of a nitrate-rich synthetic wastewater using various wood-based media materials.	this laboratory study examined the use of various wood materials as a carbon source in horizontal flow filters to denitrify nitrate-nitrogen (no3-n) from a synthetic wastewater. the filter materials were: sawdust (pinus radiata), sawdust and soil, sawdust and sand, and medium-chip wood chippings and sand. two influent concentrations of no3-n, 200 mg l(-1) and 60 mg l(-1), loaded at 2.9 to 19.4 mg no3-n kg(-1) mixture, were used. the horizontal flow filter with a wood chippings/sand mixture and a ...	2006	16702058
identification of sex pheromone components of a new zealand geometrid moth, the common forest looper pseudocoremia suavis, reveals a possible species complex.	gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection analysis of sex pheromone gland extracts of the common forest looper pseudocoremia suavis (lepidoptera: geometridae), a polyphagous defoliator of introduced pinaceae and many new zealand trees, revealed four compounds that elicited antennal responses. the two major active compounds (6z)-cis-9,10-epoxynonadec-6-ene and (3z,6z)-cis-9,10-epoxynonadeca-3,6-diene were identified by comparison with known standards. of the two minor active compounds, o ...	2006	16718574
cellular modelling of secondary radial growth in conifer trees: application to pinus radiata (d. don).	the radial growth of conifer trees proceeds from the dynamics of a merismatic tissue called vascular cambium or cambium. cambium is a thin layer of active proliferating cells. the purpose of this paper was to model the main characteristics of cambial activity and its consecutive radial growth. cell growth is under the control of the auxin hormone indole-3-acetic. the model is composed of a discrete part, which accounts for cellular proliferation, and a continuous part involving the transport of ...	2006	16802082
modelling environmental variation in young's modulus for pinus radiata and implications for determination of critical buckling height.	although density-specific stiffness, e/rho, (where e is young's modulus and rho is wood density) is often assumed constant by the elastic similarity model, and in determination of critical buckling height (h(crit)), few studies have tested this assumption within species. here this assumption is tested for pinus radiata growing across an environmental gradient, and theory is combined with data to develop a model of young's modulus.	2006	16868003
determination of carboxyl content in high-yield kraft pulps using photoacoustic rapid-scan fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	pinus radiata kraft pulps with varying carboxyl content were studied using fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (ft-ir-pas). the examined pulp samples, with kappa number ranging from 20.8 to 128, originated from pulping experiments conducted in flow-through reactors utilizing varying effective alkali, temperature, and cooking time. a partial least-squares (pls) analysis was used to formulate a model that correlates the spectral data with the carboxyl content of pulp. using three ...	2006	17007501
pprt1: the first complete gypsy-like retrotransposon isolated in pinus pinaster.	we have isolated and characterized a complete retrotransposon sequence, named pprt1, from the genome of pinus pinaster. pprt1 is 5,966 bp long and is closely related to ifg7 gypsy retrotransposon from pinus radiata. the long terminal repeats (ltrs) have 333 bp each and show a 5.4% sequence divergence between them. in addition to the characteristic polypurine tract (ppt) and the primer binding site (pbs), pprt1 carries internal regions with homology to retroviral genes gag and pol. the pol region ...	2007	17008993
pine (pinus radiata).	this chapter describes the transformation of pinus radiata using organogenic cotyledon explants rather than the more common somatic embryogenesis methods for conifers. the advantages of our method are the year round availability of seed and that over 80% of genotypes can be easily regenerated from the mature cotyledon explants. the transformation efficiency (i.e., the number of transformed shoots regenerated from excised cotyledons) is 1.7% and, as with other agrobacterium tumefaciens transforma ...	2006	17033058
distribution and movement of nutrients and metals in a pinus radiata forest soil following applications of biosolids.	samples of biosolids, spiked with increasing amounts of cu, ni or zn were applied to field plots in a pinus radiata forest, and the nutrient and metal status of the forest litter and underlying mineral soil was monitored over a period of six years following application. the macronutrient status of the forest litter was changed markedly by the biosolids application, with substantial increases in n, p and ca concentrations, and decreases in mg and k. the c/n ratio of the litter was also decreased ...	2007	17045715
borate protection of softwood from coptotermes acinaciformis (isoptera: rhinotermitidae) damage: variation in protection thresholds explained.	laboratory and field data reported in the literature are confusing with regard to "adequate" protection thresholds for borate timber preservatives. the confusion is compounded by differences in termite species, timber species and test methodology. laboratory data indicate a borate retention of 0.5% mass/mass (m/m) boric acid equivalent (bae) would cause > 90% termite mortality and restrict mass loss in test specimens to < or = 5%. field data generally suggest that borate retentions appreciably > ...	2006	17066808
towards male sterility in pinus radiata--a stilbene synthase approach to genetically engineer nuclear male sterility.	a male cone-specific promoter from pinus radiata d. don (radiata pine) was used to express a stilbene synthase gene (sts) in anthers of transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants, resulting in complete male sterility in 70% of transformed plants. three plants were 98%-99.9% male sterile, as evidenced by pollen germination. to identify the stage at which transgenic pollen first developed abnormally, tobacco anthers from six different developmental stages were assayed microscopically. following the relea ...	2006	17147639
binding affinity of proanthocyanidin from waste pinus radiata bark onto proline-rich bovine achilles tendon collagen type i.	binding affinity of proanthocyanidin (pa) purified from pinus radiata bark waste onto bovine achilles tendon collagen (type i) was studied. adsorption of pa onto the collagen was optimized by examining ph, contact time and temperature. the adsorption was ph-dependent. the maximum adsorption capacity (q(0)) of pa on collagen was found to be 211 mg g(-1) using the langmuir isotherm. comparison between two adsorbents also showed that collagen had higher adsorptivity of approximately 20% more than p ...	2007	17234237
partititioning concurrent influences of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on photosynthetic model parameters of pinus radiata.	responses of photosynthesis (a) to intercellular co(2) concentration (c(i)) were measured in a fast- and a slow-growing clone of pinus radiata d. don cultivated in a greenhouse with a factorial combination of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. stomatal limitations scaled with nitrogen and phosphorus supply as a fixed proportion of the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (18.5%) independent of clone. photosynthetic rates at ambient co(2) concentration were mainly in the v(cmax)-limited portion of th ...	2007	17241975
trace elements in soils and plants in temperate forest plantations subjected to single and multiple applications of mixed wood ash.	wood ash, a by-product generated in power plants, can be used to fertilize forest plantations to replenish nutrients lost during harvesting. although wood ash generally contains low levels of trace metals, release of some of these may occur soon after ash application in acid soils. the risk of heavy metal contamination associated with application of mixed wood ash was assessed in six pinus radiata d. don plantations, on two types of mineral soil differing in texture, drainage and cece. four of t ...	2007	17499342
characterization of the structure, expression and function of pinus radiata d. don arabinogalactan-proteins.	a synthetic phenylglycoside (beta-glcy) that interacts specifically with arabinogalactan-proteins (agps), a class of plant cell surface proteoglycans, has been used to study the spatial distribution of agps in the xylem tissue of radiata pine. these studies demonstrated that agps were located in the compound middle lamella (cml) of the newly developed tracheid. abundant, low salt extractable agps were purified from xylem tissue. monosaccharide analysis showed that arabinose and galactose were th ...	2007	17569081
effect of afforestation and reforestation of pastures on the activity and population dynamics of methanotrophic bacteria.	we investigated the effect of afforestation and reforestation of pastures on methane oxidation and the methanotrophic communities in soils from three different new zealand sites. methane oxidation was measured in soils from two pine (pinus radiata) forests and one shrubland (mainly kunzea ericoides var. ericoides) and three adjacent permanent pastures. the methane oxidation rate was consistently higher in the pine forest or shrubland soils than in the adjacent pasture soils. a combination of pho ...	2007	17574997
exploring lignification in conifers by silencing hydroxycinnamoyl-coa:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in pinus radiata.	the enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl-coa:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (hct) is involved in the production of methoxylated monolignols that are precursors to guaiacyl and syringyl lignin in angiosperm species. we identified and cloned a putative hct gene from pinus radiata, a coniferous gymnosperm that does not produce syringyl lignin. this gene was up-regulated during tracheary element (te) formation in p. radiata cell cultures and showed 72.6% identity to the amino acid sequence of the nicotian ...	2007	17609384
ophiostoma species (ascomycetes: ophiostomatales) associated with bark beetles (coleoptera: scolytinae) colonizing pinus radiata in northern spain.	bark beetles (coleoptera: scolytinae) are known to be associated with fungi, especially species of ophiostoma sensu lato and ceratocystis. however, very little is known about these fungi in spain. in this study, we examined the fungi associated with 13 bark beetle species and one weevil (coleoptera: entiminae) infesting pinus radiata in the basque country of northern spain. this study included an examination of 1323 bark beetles or their galleries in p. radiata. isolations yielded a total of 920 ...	2007	17668036
two scarecrow-like genes are induced in response to exogenous auxin in rooting-competent cuttings of distantly related forest species.	we characterized scarecrow-like genes induced by auxin in rooting-competent cuttings of two distantly related forest species (pinus radiata d. don and castanea sativa mill.) before the activation of cell division that results in adventitious root formation. the predicted protein sequences contain domains characteristic of the gras protein family and show a strong similarity to the scarecrow-like proteins, indicating conserved functions of these proteins. quantitative rt-pcr analysis showed that ...	2007	17669736
a novel otubain-like cysteine protease gene is preferentially expressed during somatic embryogenesis in pinus radiata.	otubains are a recently discovered family of cysteine proteases that participate in the ubiquitin pathway. these proteins were originally described in animal systems and are involved in removing the ubiquitin chain attached to a protein destined for degradation. in a cdna-aflp screen designed to identify genes that are expressed during early somatic embryogenesis in the conifer pinus radiata, a fragment-derived transcript corresponding to an otubain-like cysteine protease was identified. the ful ...	2008	17674141
the impact of cca-treated posts in vineyards on soil and ground water.	grapes in marlborough are typically grown on a vertical shoot positioned trellis system (vsp). for this purpose pinus radiata posts are treated with cca, a mixture of copper (cu), chromium (cr) and arsenic (as), giving a wood concentration of 1,730, 3,020 and 2,410 mg/kg, respectively on a dry matter basis. the cca levels around the posts in different soils were investigated and assessed for the potential leaching of cca into ground water. an initial survey showed leaching of all three heavy met ...	2007	17849991
survival of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. after application of sewage sludge to a pinus radiata forest.	this study investigated the survival of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in sewage sludge applied to young and old pinus radiata forest in spring and autumn/winter.	2007	17897236
antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts from seeds in fresh bokbunja (rubus coreanus miq.) and wine processing waste.	the antioxidant potential of ethanol extracts from defatted bokbunja seed wastes generated during wine processing were estimated by radical scavenging abilities (dpph(), h(2)o(2), and o(2)(-)), retardation of lipid oxidation, and iron ion-chelating characteristics. for comparison, ethanol extracts from seeds of fresh ripe bokbunja fruits were also used. the ethanol extracts from the wine seed waste always showed higher scavenging activities against dpph(), h(2)o(2), and o(2)(-) than those fr ...	2008	17931856
isolation and functional analysis of the cjndly gene, a homolog in cryptomeria japonica of floricaula/leafy genes.	we report the isolation and characterization of cjndly, a homolog in japanese cedar (cryptomeria japonica d. don) of the floricaula/leafy (flo/lfy) genes. we determined the entire nucleotide sequence of cjndly, including short 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. the deduced amino acid sequence was similar to those of the products of the flo/lfy genes from other species. the nucleotide sequence showed the closest homology to that of the needly gene in pinus radiata d. don. although no proline-rich r ...	2008	17938110
conifer ovulate cones accumulate pollen principally by simple impaction.	in many pine species (family pinaceae), ovulate cones structurally resemble a turbine, which has been widely interpreted as an adaptation for improving pollination by producing complex aerodynamic effects. we tested the turbine interpretation by quantifying patterns of pollen accumulation on ovulate cones in a wind tunnel and by using simulation models based on computational fluid dynamics. we used computer-aided design and computed tomography to create computational fluid dynamics model cones. ...	2007	17986613
retranslocation of foliar nutrients in evergreen tree species planted in a mediterranean environment.	internal nutrient recycling through retranslocation (resorption) is important for meeting the nutrient demands of new tissue production in trees. we conducted a comparative study of nutrient retranslocation from leaves of five tree species from three genera grown in plantation forests for commercial or environmental purposes in southern australia--acacia mearnsii de wild., eucalyptus globulus labill., e. fraxinoides h. deane & maiden, e. grandis w. hill ex maiden and pinus radiata d. don. signif ...	2008	18055429
fractionation and mobility of phosphorus in a sandy forest soil amended with biosolids.	biosolids, i.e., treated sewage sludge, are commonly used as a fertilizer and amendment to improve soil productivity. application of biosolids to meet the nitrogen (n) requirements of crops can lead to accumulation of phosphorus (p) in soils, which may result in p loss to water bodies. since 1996, biosolids have been applied to a pinus radiata d. don plantation near nelson city, new zealand, in an n-deficient sandy soil. to investigate sustainability of the biosolids application programme, a lon ...	2007	18062487
nitrogen allocation and the fate of absorbed light in 21-year-old pinus radiata.	we investigated effects of nitrogen (n) fertilizer and canopy position on the allocation of n to rubisco and chlorophyll as well as the distribution of absorbed light among thermal energy dissipation, photochemistry, net co2 assimilation and alternative electron sinks such as the mehler reaction and photorespiration. the relative reduction state of the primary quinone receptor of photosystem ii (qa) was used as a surrogate for photosystem ii (psii) vulnerability to photoinactivation. measurement ...	2008	18171661
energy potential of waste from 10 forest species in the north of spain (cantabria).	in this work, the waste from 10 forest species of cantabria have been characterized from the point of view of energy. the studied species were the waste of: eucalyptus globulus, eucalyptus nitens, the hybrid e. globulusxe. nitens, eucalyptus viminalis, eucalyptus smithii, eucalyptus regnans, eucalyptus gunni, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur and pinus radiata. the leaves were the tree part with the greatest ncv (net calorific value) in all the species. the best results were obtained for the leaves ...	2008	18215515
directional reflectance of vegetation measured by a calibrated digital camera.	obtaining directional reflectance information for vegetation canopies is often an expensive and time-consuming process. we present here a simple approach based on the use of an inexpensive digital camera equipped with a wide-angle lens. by the imaging of a large homogeneous area, a single image captures multiple views of a vegetation canopy. this gives a directional reflectance distribution fully sampled for view direction and free of variations in sun elevation and azimuth. we determined the ra ...	1997	18253461
temperature responses are a window to the physiology of dark respiration: differences between co2 release and o2 reduction shed light on energy conservation.	we showed that temperature responses of dark respiration for foliage of pinus radiata could be approximated by arrhenius kinetics, whereby e(0) determines shape of the exponential response and denotes overall activation energy of respiratory metabolism. reproducible and predictable deviation from strict arrhenius kinetics depended on foliage age, and differed between r(co2) and r(o2). inhibition of oxygen reduction (r(o2)) by cyanide (inhibiting cox) or sham (inhibiting aox) resulted in reproduc ...	2008	18373624
a screening method for prioritizing non-target invertebrates for improved biosafety testing of transgenic crops.	we have developed a screening method that can be used during the problem formulation phase of risk assessment to identify and prioritize non-target invertebrates for risk analysis with any transgenic plant. in previously published protocols for this task, five criteria predominated. these criteria have been combined by our method in a simple model which assesses: (1) the possible level of risk presented by the plant to each invertebrate species (through measurements of potential hazard and expos ...	2008	18384728
identification of genes expressed during early somatic embryogenesis in pinus radiata.	analysis of cdna-aflps was used to study gene expression underlying the early embryogenic process in the gymnosperm pinus radiata. somatic embryogenesis in this species was used as a model as it resulted in the generation of a large number of embryos at defined stages of development. the gene expression patterns of three embryogenic stages were compared with non-embryogenic cells. fifty transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) that are upregulated and 32 tdfs that are down-regulated in the embryogeni ...	2008	18406157
proteomic analysis of pinus radiata needles: 2-de map and protein identification by lc/ms/ms and substitution-tolerant database searching.	pinus radiata is one of the most economically important forest tree species, with a worldwide production of around 370 million m (3) of wood per year. current selection of elite trees to be used in conservation and breeding programes requires the physiological and molecular characterization of available populations. to identify key proteins related to tree growth, productivity and responses to environmental factors, a proteomic approach is being utilized. in this paper, we present the first repo ...	2008	18529070
synthetic seed production from somatic embryos of pinus radiata.	pinus radiata is one of the most important forestry species in the southern hemisphere. this work describes the regeneration of this plant via somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos. to improve this process, somatic embryogenic cell suspensions were established in liquid media for the generation of material for embryo maturation. each developmental stage of these suspensions was characterized by microscopy and their growth phases quantified. an alginate-containing medium was used as ...	2008	18563583
the relationship between fiber-porosity and cellulose digestibility in steam-exploded pinus radiata.	steam explosion after sulphur dioxide impregnation of wood chips is an effective method for improving the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose in the softwood pinus radiata. digestibility of pretreated fiber was progressively increased by altering the conditions of steam explosion. with increasing digestibility, there was an observed increase in fiber porosity as measured by the solute exclusion technique. accessible pore volume and accessible surface area to a 5-nm dextran probe positively corr ...	1988	18584630
improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a pinus radiata bark extract formulation.	dietary interventions may have the potential to counter age-related cognitive decline. studies have demonstrated an improvement in age-related cognitive impairment in animals after supplementation with plant extracts containing flavonoids but there are few human studies. this double-blind, controlled study examined the effects on cognitive performance of a 5 week supplementation with enzogenol pinus radiata bark extract containing flavonoids, in 42 males aged 50-65 years, with a body mass index ...	2008	18683195
integrating two physiological approaches helps relate respiration to growth of pinus radiata.	correlation methods originating in the growth and maintenance paradigm (gmp) are traditionally used to calculate a 'growth coefficient' (g) or the 'growth potential' (1/g) of entire plants. the enthalpy balance approach is usually applied to plant organs and relies on determination of both co(2) release and o(2) reduction to provide a measure of instantaneous rates of enthalpic growth (r(sg)deltah(b)). aspects of both the approaches to explore physiological mechanisms that govern enthalpic growt ...	2008	18761638
characterization and expression of a pinus radiata putative ortholog to the arabidopsis short-root gene.	we characterized a pinus radiata d. don putative ortholog to the arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. short--root gene (atshr) and analyzed its expression in different organs during vegetative development and in response to exogenous auxin during adventitious rooting. the predicted protein sequence contained domains characteristic of the gras protein family and showed a strong similarity to the short--root (shr) proteins. quantitative reverse transcriptase--polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) and in ...	2008	18765368
stock-type susceptibility and delineation of treatment areas for a cryptic pinus radiata root disease.	abstract planting material with superior resistance to armillaria root disease was identified in a field trial established to investigate variation in armillaria infection among different pinus radiata nursery stock types. at stand age 6.4 years, total infection incidence, mortality, and degree of root collar girdling by armillaria spp. were all significantly lower among trees derived from both rooted stool bed cuttings (physiological age 1 to 3 years) and rooted field cuttings (physiological ag ...	2006	18943181
pitch canker disease of pines.	abstract pitch canker, caused by fusarium circinatum, is a disease affecting pines in many locations throughout the world. the pathosystem was originally described in the southeastern (se) united states and was identified in california in 1986. limited vegetative compatibility group (vcg) diversity in the california population of f. circinatum, relative to the se united states, suggests the former is a recently established and clonally propagating population. although the much greater vcg divers ...	2006	18943185
variation in rates of spore deposition of fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, over a 12-month-period at two locations in northern california.	patterns of spore deposition by fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (ppc) of monterey pine (pinus radiata) and other conifers, were studied between may 2003 and april 2004 at two sites in northern california using a novel spore trapping method combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach. at each study site, two plots were sampled by placing spore traps at 100 m intervals along transects 600 m in length. the air was sampled continuously by exchanging ...	2008	18943249
assessment of dothistroma needle blight of pinus radiata using airborne hyperspectral imagery.	abstract dothistroma needle blight is a serious foliar disease in australian pinus radiata plantations causing defoliation, decreased productivity and, in extreme cases, tree death. conventional methods of monitoring forest health such as aerial survey and ground assessments are labor intensive, time consuming, and subjective. remote sensing provides a synoptic view of the canopy and can indicate areas affected by damaging agents such as pests and pathogens. hyperspectral airborne remote sensing ...	2003	18943616
suppression of 4-coumarate-coa ligase in the coniferous gymnosperm pinus radiata.	severe suppression of 4-coumarate-coenzyme a ligase (4cl) in the coniferous gymnosperm pinus radiata substantially affected plant phenotype and resulted in dwarfed plants with a "bonsai tree-like" appearance. microscopic analyses of stem sections from 2-year-old plants revealed substantial morphological changes in both wood and bark tissues. this included the formation of weakly lignified tracheids that displayed signs of collapse and the development of circumferential bands of axial parenchyma. ...	2009	18971431
novel hybrid materials of magnetic nanoparticles and cellulose fibers.	in this study, magnetic cellulose fibers have been prepared by coating bleached kraft fibers (pinus radiata) with magnetite nanoparticles. in doing so, the inherent properties of the fiber (such as tensile strength and flexibility) have been preserved, but imparted to it are the magnetic properties of the coating. the surface coating approach used differs from other methods in the literature in which the lumen loading or in situ approach is taken. after successive washings and sonication, the pa ...	2009	19062033
generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from six developing xylem libraries in pinus radiata d. don.	wood is a major renewable natural resource for the timber, fibre and bioenergy industry. pinus radiata d. don is the most important commercial plantation tree species in australia and several other countries; however, genomic resources for this species are very limited in public databases. our primary objective was to sequence a large number of expressed sequence tags (ests) from genes involved in wood formation in radiata pine.	2009	19159482
lack of genetic variation in tree ring delta13c suggests a uniform, stomatally-driven response to drought stress across pinus radiata genotypes.	we assessed the variation in delta(13)c signatures of pinus radiata d. don stemwood taken from three genetic trials in southern australia. we sought to determine the potential of using delta(13)c signatures as selection criteria for drought tolerance. increment cores were taken from p. radiata and were used to determine the basal area increment and the delta(13)c signature of extracted cellulose. both growth increment and cellulose delta(13)c were affected by water availability. growth increment ...	2009	19203944
characterization of a strong cca-treated wood degrader, unknown crustoderma species.	in this study, basidiomycete isolates that possessed a strong ability to degrade chromated copper arsenate (cca)-treated wood were characterized. these fungal isolates, which were collected from cca-treated pine log wastes, showed no recognizable morphological properties on culture media. nucleotide sequence analysis of the large subunit rdna of the isolates revealed that they were one species. based on the high sequence similarity (>95%) and close phylogenetic relationship with several known sp ...	2009	19205919
aerobic moving bed bioreactor performance: a comparative study of removal efficiencies of kraft mill effluents from pinus radiata and eucalyptus globulus as raw material.	a moving bed bioreactor (mbbr) was operated during 333 days. two different effluents were fed in six different phases. phases i and ii were fed with effluent where pinus radiata was used as raw material, while phases iii to vi were fed with effluent where eucalyptus globulus was used as raw material. the hrt was reduced from 85 to 4 h, and the bod(5):n:p ratio (100:5:1, 100:3:1 and 100:1:1) was also simultaneously evaluated as an operation strategy. when mbbr was operated with pinus radiata infl ...	2009	19214005
exploring the ultrastructural localization and biosynthesis of beta(1,4)-galactan in pinus radiata compression wood.	softwood species such as pines react to gravitropic stimuli by producing compression wood, which unlike normal wood contains significant amounts of beta(1,4)-galactan. currently, little is known regarding the biosynthesis or physiological function of this polymer or the regulation of its deposition. the subcellular location of beta(1,4)-galactan in developing tracheids was investigated in pinus radiata d. don using anti-beta(1,4)-galactan antibodies to gain insight into its possible physiologica ...	2009	19346442
effect of pine bark (pinus radiata) extracts on sporulation of coccidian oocysts.	a series of experiments have been undertaken to determine the effect of water extracts from pine bark (pinus radiata) on the inhibition of the sporulation of oocysts of three species of avian coccidia. tubes containing coccidian oocysts isolated from droppings of coccidia-infected chickens were randomly assigned to 0, 250, 500 and 1000 microg/ml pine bark extract (pbe). the tubes were incubated at 25-29 degrees c for 48 h depending on the species of eimeria. sporulation inhibition bioassay was u ...	2009	19391326