Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| evidence of homology between the pectate lyase-encoding pelb and pelc genes in erwinia chrysanthemi. | the genes for two of several pectate lyase isozymes produced by the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi 1237 were subcloned and compared by dna-dna hybridization, and the encoded proteins were analyzed. the borders of the genes were located on a restriction map by incremental exonuclease iii deletions. dna-dna hybridization studies revealed a low percentage of mismatch (7 to 17%) between pelb and pelc. no homology was detected between pelc and other regions of the e. chrysanthem ... | 1986 | 3013832 |
| lactose and melibiose metabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi. | a lac+ mutant of erwinia chrysanthemi was isolated from the lac- wild type on lactose agar. beta-galactosidase was expressed independently of lactose transport in both the mutant and the wild type, and neither strain expressed thiogalactoside transacetylase. lactose transport and alpha-galactosidase, constitutive in the lac+ strain, were coordinately induced in the lac- strain by melibiose and raffinose but not by isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside or thiomethyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside. mel ... | 1986 | 3023289 |
| [cloning of pectate-lyase genes of erwinia chrysanthemi in escherichia coli cells]. | erwinia chrysanthemi dna fragment digested by restriction endonuclease ecori and carrying the gene ec16 determining the synthesis of pectatelyase with rf 0.20 and mol. mass 40kd has been cloned in plasmid puc 9 plasmid in escherichia coli hb101 cells. three genes for pectatelyases of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 have been cloned in vector phage lambda 47.1 in escherichia coli cells. two genes determining the synthesis of pectatelyases with rf 0.06 and 0.19 and mol. masses 40 kd and 39 kd have been ... | 1986 | 3025699 |
| characterization of a new endoglucanase from erwinia chrysanthemi. | the structural gene coding for a new endo-beta-1,4-glucanase of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3665, previously identified in a cosmid library, was subcloned into puc18. the gene is expressed from a 1.9 x 10(3)-base-pair insert and its direction of transcription was determined. the properties of the gene product purified from cell-free extracts of escherichia coli have been studied. the purified protein has an endoglucanase activity but is significantly different from the major endoglucanase z secr ... | 1987 | 3026806 |
| nucleotide sequence of the erwinia chrysanthemi ncppb 1066 l-asparaginase gene. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the erwinia chrysanthemi ncppb 1066 gene coding for the chemotherapeutic enzyme l-asparaginase has been determined. the structural gene consists of an open reading frame commencing with an atg start codon of 1044 bp followed by a tga stop codon. confirmation of the nucleotide sequence was obtained by comparing the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence with that derived by n-terminal aa sequencing of the purified protein. the gene has been shown to code for a 21-a ... | 1986 | 3026924 |
| hexuronate catabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi. | in the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi, the catabolism of hexuronates is linked to the degradation of pectic polymers. we isolated mu lac insertions in each gene of the hexuronate pathway and used genetic fusions with lacz (the beta-galactosidase gene of escherichia coli) to study the regulation of this pathway. three independent regulatory genes (exur, uxur, and kdgr) were found. galacturonate and glucuronate were converted into 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (kdg) by separate thr ... | 1987 | 3029026 |
| interposon mutagenesis of soil and water bacteria: a family of dna fragments designed for in vitro insertional mutagenesis of gram-negative bacteria. | we have constructed a series of derivatives of the omega interposon [prentki and krisch, gene 29 (1984) 303-313] that can be used for in vitro insertional mutagenesis. each of these dna fragments carries a different antibiotic or hg2+ resistance gene (apr, cmr, tcr, kmr or hgr) which is flanked, in inverted orientation, by transcription and translation termination signals and by synthetic polylinkers. the dna of these interposons can be easily purified and then inserted, by in vitro ligation, in ... | 1987 | 3038679 |
| [expression of the pectate lyase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 in cells of other erwinia species]. | the gene for a pectate lyase of e. chrysanthemi ena49 cloned in a recombinant plasmid pptl1 (a derivative of rsf1010) was transferred into e. carotovora. the pectate lyase determined by the cloned gene was secreted into the cultural medium from the cells of e. crysanthemi ec16. partial secretion of the enzyme was registered for e. carotovora cells. the major part of ec1 e. chrysanthemi pectate lyase synthesized by e. carotovora cells is accumulated in periplasmic and cytoplasmic fractions. the o ... | 1987 | 3039359 |
| structure and organization of the pel genes from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | the pela and pelc genes from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 were sequenced and overexpressed in escherichia coli cells. these genes and two others from the same strain that were characterized previously encode catalytically related pectate lyase proteins that are involved with the maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue. the pel genes of strain ec16 were organized as two loosely linked clusters, with two structurally homologous genes in each. the pela/e cluster also contained the remains of an ad ... | 1988 | 3042750 |
| structure and evolution of bacterial adenylate cyclase: comparison between escherichia coli and erwinia chrysanthemi. | the cya genes, coding for adenylate cyclase, from escherichia coli and erwinia chrysanthemi b374 are compared after determination of a 3632 bp long nucleotide sequence of the hemc-cya region of e. chrysanthemi, encompassing the whole cya gene. in spite of a large divergence between the two organisms, especially visible in non coding regions, the amino acid sequence of the proteins are very similar, except at the very distal carboxyl end. codon usage is different in the two organisms, and e. chry ... | 1988 | 3057176 |
| [expression of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 uvr gene in escherichia coli k12 cells]. | the uvra gene of erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 similar to uvra gene of escherichia coli k12 has been cloned in vivo in escherichia coli ab1886 uvra6 cells using the plasmid pulb113 (rp4mini mu). the presence of pulb113 carrying uvra gene of erwinia in escherichia coli k12 uvra- cells resulted in suppression of this mutation while uvrb and uvrc are not suppressed by this locus. the genetic control of excision repair of uv-damage in erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 is concluded to be similar to the one in ... | 1988 | 3057355 |
| regulation of expression of pectate lyase genes pela, peld, and pele in erwinia chrysanthemi. | the regulation of pela, peld, and pele genes encoding three of the five major pectate lyase isoenzymes (pla, pld, and ple) in erwinia chrysanthemi b374 was analyzed by using genetic fusions to lacz. these three genes are clustered on a 5-kilobase dna fragment in the order peld-pele-pela and constitute three independent transcriptional units. we localized the peldea cluster near the pro-1 marker on the genetic map of b374 by chromosomal mobilization with rp4::mini-mu plasmid pulb110. three classe ... | 1987 | 3108234 |
| purification and characterization of a pectin lyase produced by pseudomonas fluorescens w51. | a pectin lyase (pnl; ec 4.2.2.10) was isolated from culture filtrates of pseudomonas fluorescens w51 and purified to apparent homogeneity. the enzyme catalyzed a random eliminative cleavage of pectin but not sodium polypectate, and it macerated plant tissue. the mr of the pnl on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels was 32,000 +/- 1,000, and the isoelectric point was 9.4 as determined by isoelectric focusing. the enzyme was constitutively produced, since the highest yields were obtained whe ... | 1987 | 3115958 |
| sequence of l-asparaginase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi ncppb 1125. | 1988 | 3194219 | |
| an npti-sacb-sacr cartridge for constructing directed, unmarked mutations in gram-negative bacteria by marker exchange-eviction mutagenesis. | a technique for marker exchange-eviction mutagenesis that enables the construction of directed, unmarked mutations in gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated in erwinia chrysanthemi. the technique employs an npti-sacb-sacr cartridge that is carried on a 3.8-kb bamhi fragment and confers kanamycin (km) resistance and sucrose sensitivity (due to the production of levansucrase by sacb) in e. chrysanthemi. the cartridge was inserted into a sau3a site in a cloned e. chrysanthemi pelc gene (encoding p ... | 1987 | 3319780 |
| systemic virulence of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 requires a functional iron assimilation system. | in erwinia chrysanthemi, conditions of iron starvation initiate production of a catechol-type siderophore and enhance production of three outer membrane polypeptides. twenty-two mutants affected in the different stages of this iron assimilation system were isolated by mini-mu insertion mutagenesis. all of them failed to induce systemic soft rot on axenically grown saintpaulia plants. from the siderophore auxotrophs and the iron uptake mutants, clones having recovered the missing function(s) were ... | 1988 | 3372473 |
| structures of amidohydrolases. amino acid sequence of a glutaminase-asparaginase from acinetobacter glutaminasificans and preliminary crystallographic data for an asparaginase from erwinia chrysanthemi. | the complete amino acid sequence of a glutaminase-asparaginase from acinetobacter glutaminasificans, for which a preliminary tertiary structure is available from crystallographic analysis, has been determined by automated edman degradation of fragments produced by chemical and proteolytic cleavages. the protein consists of 331 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 35,500. the pattern of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions is typical of a globular protein. a new crystal form of an erw ... | 1988 | 3379033 |
| [mapping of the locus encoding the bacteriocinogenicity trait in erwinia chrysanthemi ena49]. | the bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi ena49 have been found to produce bacteriocin that is similar in structure to the tail fibers of bacteriophages and suppressing viability of a number of erwinia, pseudomonas and xanthomonas strains. genetic control of bacteriocin synthesis is determined by the determinants localized on the 68 min of chromosomal genetic map. | 1988 | 3412359 |
| structure of two pectate lyase genes from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 and their high-level expression in escherichia coli. | the pelb and pele genes from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16, which encode different pectate lyase enzymes, were sequenced and expressed at a high level in escherichia coli. the genes possessed little similarity to each other in 5' signal regions, signal peptide sequences, coding sequences, or 3' noncoding regions. both genes contained their own promoters as well as sequences 3' to the coding regions with considerable secondary structure which may function as rho-independent transcriptional terminatio ... | 1986 | 3536853 |
| organization of a pectate lyase gene family in erwinia chrysanthemi. | the pela, peld and pele genes encode three of the five major pectate lyase (pl) isoenzymes (pla, pld and ple) in erwinia chrysanthemi strains b374 and 3937. these genes were previously isolated from genomic libraries or by in vivo cloning as r' factors promoted by the pulb113 plasmid. they are clustered near pure on the chromosomal map of e. chrysanthemi b374 [van gijsegem et al., embo j. 4 (1985) 787-792]. genes pela, peld and pele were subcloned separately into pbr322 derivatives, to test thei ... | 1986 | 3569916 |
| 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate transport system in erwinia chrysanthemi. | in erwinia chrysanthemi, the gene kdgt encodes a transport system responsible for the uptake of ketodeoxyuronates. we studied the biochemical properties of this transport system. the bacteria could grow on 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate but not on 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate. the 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate entry reaction displayed saturation kinetics, with an apparent km of 0.52 mm (at 30 degrees c and ph 7). 5-keto-4-deoxyuronate and 2,5-diketo-3-deoxygluconate appeared to be competitive inhibitors, with ... | 1987 | 3571157 |
| molecular cloning of an erwinia chrysanthemi oligogalacturonate lyase gene involved in pectin degradation. | mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 deficient in the pectin catabolic enzyme oligogalacturonate lyase were isolated by chemical and phage mud(aplac) insertion mutagenesis. the ogl mutation was biochemically characterized and localized near the trp his markers on the e. chrysanthemi chromosomal map. analysis of mud(aplac) insertions, which generate polar mutations, revealed that oligogalacturonate lyase was the only affected enzyme in the pectin catabolic pathway, indicating that the ogl gene pr ... | 1987 | 3623103 |
| characterization and virulence properties of erwinia chrysanthemi lipopolysaccharide-defective, phi ec2-resistant mutants. | outer membrane alterations were characterized in spontaneous mutants of the erwinia chrysanthemi 3937jrh, which were selected for resistance to bacteriophage phi ec2. all but one of the mutants analyzed were affected in their lipopolysaccharide (lps) structure, lacking the entire heterogeneous region of apparent high molecular weight present in the wild-type e. chrysanthemi lps. at least two 3937jrh mutants, one selected as phi ec2 resistant (rh6065) and the other previously selected (d. expert ... | 1987 | 3624200 |
| pectate lyase gene regulatory mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the pelb gene, which encodes one of the five pectate lyase isoenzymes of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937, was mutagenized with a mini-mu transposable element that can form gene fusions to the neomycin phosphotransferase-encoding region. secondary mutants resistant to kanamycin in the absence of polygalacturonate, an inducer of wild-type pectate lyase activities, were selected. such mutants produced other pectate lyase isoenzymes in the absence of the inducer. | 1986 | 3722127 |
| comparison of pectic enzymes produced by erwinia chrysanthemi, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica. | erwinia spp. that cause soft-rot diseases in plants produce a variety of extracellular pectic enzymes. to assess the correlation between patterns of pectic enzyme production and taxonomic classification, we compared the enzymes from representative strains. supernatants obtained from polygalacturonate-grown cultures of nine strains of erwinia chrysanthemi, three strains of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora, and three strains of e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica were concentrated and subjected to ult ... | 1986 | 3752996 |
| qualitative and quantitative determination of enterobacterial common antigen (eca) with monoclonal antibodies: expression of eca by two actinobacillus species. | the presence and quantity of the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) in several species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae as well as to other gram-negative families were determined by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and western blotting by using mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for eca. except for erwinia chrysanthemi, previously known to be an exception, all species known or presumed to belong to enterobacteriaceae produced eca (89 of 90 species). most speci ... | 1987 | 3818929 |
| genetic transformation of the phytopathogenic bacteria, erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi is an enterobacterium whose phytopathogenicity is due to its pectinolytic and cellulolytic activities. the cacl2 mediated transformation procedure was successfully applied to two e. chrysanthemi wild type strains. the highest efficiency of transformation of e. chrysanthemi with pbr322 was found using 0.1 m cacl2, 0.1 m mgcl2 treated cells and a heat pulse at 30 degrees c for 6 min. this yielded about 600 transformants per microgram of pbr322 dna and 2.3 x 10(-6) per viable c ... | 1985 | 3890963 |
| cloning of genes encoding pectolytic enzymes from a genomic library of the phytopathogenic bacterium, erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi are phytopathogenic enterobacteria causing soft-rot disease due to pectolytic enzymes degrading plant cell walls. we constructed a genomic library from sau3a-digested e. chrysanthemi b374 dna cloned in the bamhi site of the broad-host-range cosmid pmmb33 grown in escherichia coli. out of 1500 kanamycin-resistant (kmr) transductants of e. coli, nine pectolytic-enzyme-positive clones were identified. one of these contained the pew325 cosmid with a 35-kb insert of erwinia dna. ... | 1985 | 3896933 |
| transformation of erwinia chrysanthemi by escherichia coli plasmids dna. | we have demonstrated in this study that cacl2-mncl2 treatment is effective in the preparation of competent cells of erwinia chrysanthemi for transformation. plasmids pmb9 and pbr322, which are of escherichia coli origins, were transformed into e. chrysanthemi at frequencies of 1.5 x 10(-7) and 4.5 x 10(-7) per recipient, respectively. the frequencies were 60- to 80-fold lower than those in the well established rec- e. coli; however, the procedure is practically useful in transformation experimen ... | 1985 | 3899540 |
| lactose metabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi. | wild-type strains of the phytopathogenic enterobacterium erwinia chrysanthemi are unable to use lactose as a carbon source for growth although they possess a beta-galactosidase activity. lactose-fermenting derivatives from some wild types, however, can be obtained spontaneously at a frequency of about 5 x 10(-7). all lac+ derivatives isolated had acquired a constitutive lactose transport system and most contained an inducible beta-galactosidase. the transport system, product of the lmrt gene, me ... | 1985 | 3920205 |
| isolation of erwinia chrysanthemi kdud mutants altered in pectin degradation. | mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi impaired in pectin degradation were isolated by chemical and mu d(ap lac) insertion mutagenesis. a mutation in the kdud gene coding for 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate oxidoreductase prevented the growth of the bacteria on polygalacturonate as the sole carbon source. analysis of the kdud::mu d(ap lac) insertions indicated that kdud is either an isolated gene or the last gene of a polycistronic operon. some of the mu d(ap lac) insertions were kdud-lac fusions in which beta ... | 1986 | 3949717 |
| isolation and characterization of erwinia chrysanthemi mutants defective in degradation of hexuronates. | spontaneous and tn9-induced mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi were isolated which affect the degradative pathway of galacturonate and ketodeoxygluconate. the mutations were characterized both biochemically and functionally by complementation analysis and localized in the e. chrysanthemi chromosome. the kdgk gene mapped very close to ile, the kdga gene was between trp and his, and the exut-uxac-uxab-uxaa cluster was linked to thy. the different types of mutants obtained were consistent with an orga ... | 1985 | 3968035 |
| bacteriocin-resistant mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi: possible involvement of iron acquisition in phytopathogenicity. | a series of bacteriocin-resistant mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937jrh were unable to elicit soft-rot symptoms on saintpaulia plants. the loss of pathogenicity was correlated with the disappearance of one to three outer membrane polypeptides (molecular weights, about 80,000 to 90,000) whose production in wild-type strains was greatly enhanced under iron-limited growth conditions. the mutants did not exhibit altered extracellular pectinolytic or cellulolytic activities. | 1985 | 4008442 |
| heterologous hybridization of bacterial dna to the endoglucanases a and b structural genes cela and celb of clostridium thermocellum. | dna from various cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic bacteria was found to hybridize to clostridium thermocellum ncib10682 dna fragments carrying the structural genes cela and celb which code for endoglucanases a and b. homology to cela was detected in agrobacterium rhizogenes, azospirillum brasilense, bacillus subtilis, cellulomonas sp., clostridium stercorarium, erwinia chrysanthemi, pseudomonas solanacearum and streptomyces griseus. homology to celb was detected only in b. subtilis, c. stercora ... | 1985 | 4083831 |
| genetic transfer of episomic elements among erwinia species and other enterobacteria: f'lac+. | the episomic element f'lac(+) was transferred, probably by conjugation, from escherichia coli to lac(-) strains of erwinia herbicola, erwinia amylovora, and erwinia chrysanthemi (but not to several other erwinia spp. in preliminary trials). the lac genes in the exconjugants of the erwinia spp. showed varying degrees of stability depending on the strain (stable in e. herbicola strains y46 and y74 and e. amylovora strain ea178, but markedly unstable in e. chrysanthemi strain ec16). the lac genes a ... | 1972 | 4591473 |
| molecular cloning of pectate lyase genes from erwinia chrysanthemi and their expression in escherichia coli. | a genomic library of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 was constructed in plasmid phc79, and seven putative pectate lyase (pl) clones in escherichia coli were selected on pectate agar. six of the recombinant cosmids contained a common psti fragment of ca. 8.2 kilobases (kb). subcloning of this fragment in either orientation into the psti site of plasmid pbr329 resulted in e. coli transformants that produced a pl of pi 9.8 which was indistinguishable from one of two pls produced by strain ec16. a 6.6-kil ... | 1984 | 6090392 |
| mutants of erwinia chrysanthemi defective in secretion of pectinase and cellulase. | erwinia chrysanthemi produced several pectate lyases (ec 4.2.2.2) and endocellulases (ec 3.2.1.4) which were largely secreted into the culture medium. mutants deficient in the secretion mechanism for these enzymes were obtained by chemical and insertion mutagenesis. further study of one such mutant revealed that both enzyme activities were retained simultaneously within the periplasmic space. | 1984 | 6389513 |
| conjugal transfer of e. coli f'lac from erwinia chrysanthemi to pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and the apparent stable incorporation of the plasmid into the pv. glycinea chromosome. | the e. coli f'lac plasmid was transferred from an erwinia chrysanthemi hfr8 donor to a multiply-auxotrophic, rifampicin-resistant pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea recipient. transfer occurred at a frequency of approximately 10(-5)/donor. stable transconjugants which were able to utilize lactose as the sole carbon source after several transfers would not donate the f'lac plasmid in detectable frequency to other pv. glycinea or e. coli recipients. the plasmid dna was shown to be integrated into t ... | 1984 | 6394959 |
| [conjugational transfer of chromosomal markers in the erwinia chrysanthemi bacterial system. ii. characteristics of the donor strain of erwinia chrysanthemi vy1-10]. | some properties of the donor erwinia chrysanthemi vy1-10 strain are similar to those of hfr donors of escherichia coli. these are stable inheritance of the flac plasmid and the capacity for linear and polarized transfer of the chromosome from one orit site in the following order: o ... thr, leu ... pro ... his. in addition to the ability to transfer its own chromosomal markers, the donor e. chrysanthemi vy1-10 also transfers lac+ marker during initial conjugational steps. the lac+ marker can be ... | 1982 | 6759307 |
| generalized transduction in the enterobacterial phytopathogen erwinia chrysanthemi. | bacteriophages induced by mitomycin treatment of erwinia chrysanthemi ks612 produced plaques on lawns of e. chrysanthemi ec183 and ks605. bacteriophage erch-12, purified from one such plaque, transferred an array of chromosomal genes (arg, leu, his, ser, thr, trp, ura) to appropriate recipient strains derived from e. chrysanthemi ec 183. recombinants were formed in the absence of cellular contact between donor and recipient bacteria and in the presence of deoxyribonuclease. ultraviolet irradiati ... | 1980 | 6931829 |
| acceptance by erwinia spp. of r plasmid r68.45 and its ability to mobilize the chromosome of erwinia chrysanthemi. | r plasmid r68.45 was transferred in broth matings from escherichia coli to strains of erwinia amylovora, e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, e. chrysanthemi, and e. herbicola (enterobacter agglomerans); the frequency of transfer ranged from 2 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-4) per input donor cell depending on the bacterial species. the drug resistance markers tet(+), amp(+), and kan(+) were stable in these erwinia species. transconjugants of erwinia spp., but not of the wild-type parent erwinia strains, acqu ... | 1980 | 6989797 |
| [conjugation transfer of chromosome markers in an erwinia chrysanthemi bacterial system. i. construction of a strain capable of transferring the chromosome during conjugation]. | the donor strain erwinia chrysanthemi vy1-10, capable of transferring chromosomal markers at a high frequency (4,7.10(-5)-1,8.10(-3) in crosses with the isogenic polyauxotrophic recipient strain e. chrysanthemi vy7 lac, thr1, leu1, pro1, his2, str-r, was obtained from the strain e. chrysanthemi ena49 flac+ (vy1) after growth at 28 degrees on the medium containing acridine orange. furthermore, the cells of the donor obtained are characterized by stable inheritance of lac+ character. | 1981 | 7033043 |
| an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase implicated in the regulation of extracellular pectate lyase production in erwinia chrysanthemi. | pectic enzymes in the supernatants of erwinia chrysanthemi cultures in late-logarithmic-phase growth on d-galacturonan were resolved into three components: two pectate lyase isozymes and an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase previously unreported in this organism. the hydrolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, preparative electrofocusing in ultrodex gel, and gel filtration through ultrogel aca54. the enzyme had a specific activity of 591 mumol/min per mg of ... | 1982 | 7056698 |
| interaction between age of maize plants, environmental factors, and inoculum strength of erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi on the extent of stalk rot incidence. | for optimum disease incidence and maximum mortality of maize plants, due to erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.) dye, a temperature of 35 degrees c accompanied with 70 per cent humidity and inoculum potency of 2 x 10(8) cells/ml were essential for younger plants of 15 and 30 days of age. on the other hand, 45- and 60-day-old plants, due to acquisition of a certain degree of maturity, although responding and showing maximum disease symptoms at the same temperature of 35 degree ... | 1980 | 7376756 |
| studies on the preservation of erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.) dye cultures. | it can be concluded that the maize stalk rot pathogen erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.). dye retained its viability and infectivity for three years when kept in sterile distilled water at low temperature. | 1980 | 7424221 |
| differential effect of dsba and dsbc mutations on extracellular enzyme secretion in erwinia chrysanthemi. | an erwinia chrysanthemi gene able to complement an escherichia coli dsba mutation has been cloned and sequenced. this gene codes for a periplasmic protein with disulphide isomerase activity that has 69% identity and 94% similarity with the e. coli dsba protein. an e. chrysanthemi dsba-uida fusion mutant has been constructed. dsba expression seems to be constitutive. this mutant has multiple phenotypes resulting from the absence of disulphide bond formation in periplasmic and secreted proteins. p ... | 1995 | 7476168 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular pectate lyase from an amycolata sp. | the extracellular pectate lyase (ec 4.2.2.2) of a nonsporulating amycolata sp. was purified to homogeneity by anion- and cation-exchange chromatographies followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the enzyme cleaved polygalacturonate but not highly esterified pectin in a random endolytic transeliminative mechanism that led to the formation of a wide range of 4,5-unsaturated oligogalacturonates. as shown by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection, ... | 1995 | 7486993 |
| effects of erwinia-asparaginase on the coagulation system. | l-asparaginase treatment during induction therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) is known to be frequently complicated by thromboembolic events. it was recently suggested that l-asparaginase derived from erwinia chrysanthemi alters the coagulation system less severely than does escherichia coli asparaginase. in a series of 11 adult patients with all, we investigated some parameters of the coagulation system during treatment with erwinia asparaginase. the doses employed were rather high; ... | 1995 | 7493674 |
| the effect of hetastarch on the stability of l-asparaginase during freeze-thaw cycling. | l-asparaginase, a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was evaluated for its susceptibility to cold denaturation. it was found that the enzyme derived from erwinia chrysanthemi loses its activity when exposed to freeze-thaw cycling. when it was frozen at -40 degrees c and thawed, the enzyme lost 67.3% of its activity; whereas, when frozen in liquid nitrogen (-190 degrees c), it lost almost all of its activity. rheological studies of hetastarch showed that its visc ... | 1995 | 7542144 |
| the three genes lipb, lipc, and lipd involved in the extracellular secretion of the serratia marcescens lipase which lacks an n-terminal signal peptide. | the extracellular lipase of serratia marcescens sr41, lacking a typical n-terminal signal sequence, is secreted via a signal peptide-independent pathway. the 20-kb saci dna fragment which allowed the extracellular lipase secretion was cloned from s. marcescens by selection of a phenotype conferring the extracellular lipase activity on the escherichia coli cells. the subcloned 6.5-kb ecorv fragment was revealed to contain three open reading frames which are composed of 588, 443, and 437 amino aci ... | 1995 | 7592412 |
| purification and characterization of the nuclease nucm of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the major periplasmic nuclease of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, nucm, has been purified near to homogeneity by a one step purification procedure, using chromatography on a sulfopropyl column. nucm cleaves randomly single and double-stranded dna and rna. it does not need divalent cations for its action, and is more active in low salt buffers. a serine and a histidine residue could be present in the catalytic site. formation of disulfide bonds is necessary for nucm activity. nucm is probably s ... | 1995 | 7599187 |
| gene cloning, sequence analysis, purification, and secretion by escherichia coli of an extracellular lipase from serratia marcescens. | the gene encoding extracellular lipase of serratia marcescens has been identified from a phage lambda genomic library. formation of orange-red fluorescent plaques on rhodamine b-triolein plates was used to identify phages carrying the lipase gene. a 2.8-kb sali fragment was subcloned into a plasmid, and lipase was expressed in escherichia coli. extracellular lipase was detected in the presence of the secretion plasmid pgsd6 carrying the genes prtd, -e, and -f, which guide the secretion of protea ... | 1995 | 7618881 |
| overproduction, purification and characterization of the cellulose-binding domain of the erwinia chrysanthemi secreted endoglucanase egz. | egz is the major endoglucanase secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi. functional characterization indicates that it is made of a catalytic n-terminal domain linked to a c-terminal cellulose-binding domain (cbd) by a ser/thr-rich linker. a chimeric plasmid, in which the cbd-encoding region was fused downstream of the ompa signal sequence, was constructed and introduced into escherichia coli. this allowed for the production of processed and disulfide-bonded cbd, mostly recovered from the culture supern ... | 1995 | 7628464 |
| use of tn5tac1 to clone a pel gene encoding a highly alkaline, asparagine-rich pectate lyase isozyme from an erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 mutant with deletions affecting the major pectate lyase isozymes. | erwinia chrysanthemi mutant cucpb5047, delta(pela pele) delta(pelb pelc)::28bp delta(pelx) delta 4bp pehx::omega cmr, was constructed, mutated with tn5tac1, and screened for isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside-dependent pectate lyase (pel) production. a kmr saci fragment from the hyperexpressing pel+ mutant cucpb5066 was cloned into escherichia coli and sequenced. the gene identified, pell, encodes a novel, asparagine-rich, highly alkaline enzyme that is similar in primary structure to pelx a ... | 1995 | 7635842 |
| extracellular secretion of pullulanase is unaffected by minor sequence changes but is usually prevented by adding reporter proteins to its n- or c-terminal end. | linker insertions in the pullulanase structural gene (pula) were examined for their effects on pullulanase activity and cell surface localization in escherichia coli carrying the cognate secretion genes from klebsiella oxytoca. of the 23 insertions, 11 abolished pullulanase activity but none were found to prevent secretion. to see whether more drastic changes affected secretion, we fused up to five reporter proteins (e. coli periplasmic alkaline phosphatase, e. coli periplasmic maltose-binding p ... | 1995 | 7665512 |
| extracellular polysaccharide of erwinia chrysanthemi. | 1995 | 7697648 | |
| cloning and sequencing of a 29 kb region of the bacillus subtilis genome containing the hut and wapa loci. | within the framework of an international project for the sequencing of the entire bacillus subtilis genome, a 29 kb chromosome segment, which contains the hut operon (335 degrees) and the wapa gene, has been cloned and sequenced. this region (28,954 bp) contains 21 complete orfs and one partial one. the 5th, 6th and 17th genes correspond to huth encoding histidase, hutp encoding the positive regulator for the hut operon and wapa encoding a precursor of three major wall-associated proteins, respe ... | 1995 | 7704263 |
| functional implications of structure-based sequence alignment of proteins in the extracellular pectate lyase superfamily. | pectate lyases are plant virulence factors that degrade the pectate component of the plant cell wall. the enzymes share considerable sequence homology with plant pollen and style proteins, suggesting a shared structural topology and possibly functional relationships as well. the three-dimensional structures of two erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyases, c and e, have been superimposed and the structurally conserved amino acids have been identified. there are 232 amino acids that superimpose with a ... | 1995 | 7716248 |
| extracellular polysaccharide of erwinia chrysanthemi ech6. | many strains of erwinia chrysanthemi, which are gram-negative bacterial phytopathogens, produce copious amounts of extracellular polysaccharides. the extracellular polysaccharide from e. chrysanthemi pv. zeae strain sr 260, a phytopathogen of corn, is a branched-chain glucomannorhamnan of proven structure (gray et al., carbohydr. res. 1993, 245, 271-287). the extracellular polysaccharide from e. chrysanthemi ech6 is different, containing no rhamnose or mannose. it is composed of l-fucose, d-gala ... | 1994 | 7727344 |
| identification of the integration host factor genes of erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. | two erwinia chrysanthemi homologues of the hima and himd genes of escherichia coli which encode the integration host factor (ihf) were cloned, sequenced and compared to their homolog in other enterobacteria (embl accession nos x74749 and x74750). both genes were inactivated by the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cassette, allowing for the isolation of ihf- mutants of e chrysanthemi. | 1994 | 7748927 |
| expression of the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene together with the erwinia pectate lyase and polygalacturonase genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae strains capable of simultaneous secretion of bacterial glucanase and pectinase enzymes have been developed. the butyrivibrio fibrrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene (end1), the erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase gene (pele) and e. carotovora polygalacturonase gene (peh1) were each inserted between a yeast expression-secretion cassette and yeast gene terminator, and cloned into yeast-centromeric shuttle vectors. transcription initiation signals present in t ... | 1994 | 7750141 |
| crystal structure of a complex between serratia marcescens metallo-protease and an inhibitor from erwinia chrysanthemi. | the crystal structure of the complex between the 50 kda metallo-endoproteinase from serratia marcescens (smp), a member of the metzincin superfamily, and an inhibitor from erwinia chrysanthemi (inh) was solved by molecular replacement using the known structure of smp, and refined at 2.30 a resolution to a crystallographic r-factor of 0.195. the e. chrysanthemi inhibitor folds into a compact eight-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel of simple up-down topology such as is found for members of the ret ... | 1995 | 7752231 |
| co-expression of an erwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase-encoding gene (pele) and an e. carotovora polygalacturonase-encoding gene (peh1) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a pectate lyase (pl)-encoding gene (pele) from erwinia chrysanthemi and a polygalacturonase (pg)-encoding gene (peh1) from e. carotovora were each inserted between a novel yeast expression-secretion cassette and a yeast gene terminator, and cloned separately into a yeast-centromeric shuttle vector (ycp50), generating recombinant plasmids pams12 and pams13. transcription initiation signals present in the expression-secretion cassette were derived from the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase gene promoter ... | 1993 | 7763727 |
| flavohaemoglobin hmpx: a new pathogenicity determinant in erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937. | unlike wild-type erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, which fully macerates inoculated saintpaulia plants, hmpx- mutants produce necrotic lesions or no symptoms. the hmpx gene was sequenced and the corresponding protein sequence analysed. we show that hmpx belongs to a family of flavohaemoproteins (hmp), previously identified in two yeasts and in escherichia coli. comparisons of protein sequences at the secondary structure level by hydrophobic cluster analysis have shown that hmpx possesses two fun ... | 1995 | 7773389 |
| protein secretion by hybrid bacterial abc-transporters: specific functions of the membrane atpase and the membrane fusion protein. | the erwinia chrysanthemi metalloprotease c and the serratia marcescens haem acquisition protein hasa are both secreted from gram-negative bacteria by a signal peptide-independent pathway which requires a c-terminal secretion signal and a specific abc-transporter made up of three proteins: a membrane atpase (the abc-protein), a second inner membrane component belonging to the membrane fusion protein family and an outer membrane polypeptide. hasa and protease c transporters are homologous although ... | 1995 | 7774588 |
| [acute pancreatitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with l-asparaginase]. | the treatment of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood includes frequent administration of l-asparaginase by intravenous route. l-asparaginase is an enzyme produced by e. coli and erwinia chrysanthemi strains. adverse reactions produced by l-asparaginase are numerous, and pancreatitis is being the most severe. children with the acute lymphoblastic leukemia were followed up for 2 years. hyperglycaemia and glycosuria were noted in 10% of them resulting in l-asparaginase cessation or replac ... | 1994 | 7808958 |
| informational suppression to investigate structural functional and evolutionary aspects of the erwinia chrysanthemi cellulase egz. | the cellulase egz produced by the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi belongs to family 5 of the beta-glycohydrolases (also referred to as cellulase family a), which contains over 40 members from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. amber mutations were introduced into 16 codons of the celz gene encoding egz. targeted residues included: (1) two glu, two his and one arg residue, strictly conserved throughout family 5; (2) one arg and one his residue conserved in sub-family 5-2; and ... | 1995 | 7853408 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi and pseudomonas syringae: plant pathogens trafficking in extracellular virulence proteins. | 1994 | 7859513 | |
| genes required for cellulose synthesis in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | a region of the chromosome of agrobacterium tumefaciens 11 kb long containing two operons required for cellulose synthesis and a part of a gene homologous to the fixr gene of bradyrhizobium japonicum has been sequenced. one of the cellulose synthesis operons contained a gene (cela) homologous to the cellulose synthase (bsca) gene of acetobacter xylinum. the same operon also contained a gene (celc) homologous to endoglucanase genes from a. xylinum, cellulomonas uda, and erwinia chrysanthemi. the ... | 1995 | 7860585 |
| cloning and characterization of the bgxa gene from erwinia chrysanthemi d1 which encodes a beta-glucosidase/xylosidase enzyme. | a beta-glucosidase/xylosidase gene from erwinia chrysanthemi strain d1 was cloned and sequenced. this gene, named bgxa, encodes a ca. 71 kda protein product which, following removal of the leader peptide, resulted in a ca. 69 kda mature protein that accumulated in the periplasmic space of e. chrysanthemi strain d1 and escherichia coli cells expressing the cloned gene. the protein exhibited both beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activities but gave no detectable activity on xylan or carboxymet ... | 1995 | 7891660 |
| rhizobium meliloti homologs of escherichia coli mur genes. | the pectate-lyase-encoding gene pelb of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 was used as a probe for hybridization to rhizobium meliloti rm1021 chromosomal dna under low-stringency conditions. an rm1021 dna fragment that hybridized to this probe was cloned and sequenced. results of rna hybridization indicate that a portion of the cloned fragment is transcribed in r. meliloti. although the rm1021 fragment shares no significant nucleotide sequence identity with ec16 pelb, it includes an orf (open reading fra ... | 1994 | 7926844 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase: epitope mapping and production of antigenically modified enzymes. | this study shows that the antigenicity of erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase can be reduced by site-directed mutagenesis. ten b-cell epitopes of the enzyme were identified using synthetic hexapeptides and polyclonal antisera from rabbits and mice. the region 282givppdeelp292 near the c-terminus was an immunodominant epitope. binding of two hexapeptides (283ivppde288 and 287deelpg292) to the antibodies was dependent on pro285, and pro286, since their replacement by almost any other amino acid re ... | 1994 | 7945221 |
| erwinia chrysanthemi hrp genes and their involvement in soft rot pathogenesis and elicitation of the hypersensitive response. | unlike the bacterial pathogens that typically cause the hypersensitive response (hr) in plants, erwinia chrysanthemi has a wide host range, rapidly kills and macerates host tissues, and secretes several isozymes of the macerating enzyme pectate lyase (pel). pelabce- and out- (secretion-deficient) mutants were observed to produce a rapid necrosis in tobacco leaves that was indistinguishable from the hr elicited by the narrow-host-range pathogens e. amylovora ea321 and pseudomonas syringae pv. syr ... | 1994 | 7949326 |
| verification of elisa results by immunomagnetic isolation of antigens from extracts and analysis with sds-page and western blotting, demonstrated for erwinia spp. in potatoes. | isolation of antigens on immunomagnetic beads and subsequent analysis with sds-page and western blotting (immunomagnetic isolation-western blotting (imi-wb)) was used to verify positive elisa results for erwinia chrysanthemi and erw. carotovora subsp. atroseptica in potato peel extracts. direct analysis of highly contaminated extracts by western blotting without previous immuno-isolation resulted in background reactions, whereas immunomagnetic isolation resulted in distinct bands of specific ant ... | 1994 | 7961189 |
| isolation and characterization of a second exe operon required for extracellular protein secretion in aeromonas hydrophila. | strain c5.84 is a tn5-751 insertion mutant of aeromonas hydrophila which is unable to secrete extracellular proteins, instead accumulating them in the periplasm (b. jiang and s.p. howard, j. bacteriol. 173:1241-1249, 1991). a 3.5-kb bglii fragment which complements this mutation was isolated from the chromosome of the parent strain. analysis of this fragment revealed an operon-like structure with two complete genes, exea and exeb, a functional promoter 5' to the exea gene, and a 13-bp inverted r ... | 1994 | 7961440 |
| prtd, the integral membrane atp-binding cassette component of the erwinia chrysanthemi metalloprotease secretion system, exhibits a secretion signal-regulated atpase activity. | we have overproduced, partially purified, and characterized prtd, the atp-binding cassette (abc) integral membrane component from the metalloproteases secretion system of the gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi. these metalloproteases are secreted independently of the general export pathway encoded by the sec genes. they are secreted via a c-terminal secretion signal and by a secretion apparatus composed of two inner membrane proteins, prtd and prte, and one outer membra ... | 1994 | 7961727 |
| pecs: a locus controlling pectinase, cellulase and blue pigment production in erwinia chrysanthemi. | erwinia chrysanthemi mutants (designated as pecs) displaying derepressed pectate lyase and cellulase synthesis were isolated. in addition, the pecs mutation is responsible for production of an extracellular insoluble blue pigment whose synthesis is cryptic in the wild-type 3937 strain. transduction analysis indicates that the phenotype is due to a single mutation located near the xyl marker on the strain 3937 chromosome. this mutation was complemented by an r-prime plasmid carrying the xyl and a ... | 1994 | 8022282 |
| minimal effects of e. coli and erwinia asparaginase on the coagulation system in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a randomized study. | a randomized study was done in twenty newly diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ten children were treated with escherichia coli l-asparaginase, and ten with erwinia chrysanthemi l-asparaginase. l-asparaginase (asp) treatment started halfway during all-induction treatment with vincristine, prednisone, daunorubicin and intrathecal methotrexate. the mean activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt) level in all children demonstrated a significant fall (p < 0.001) from 28.25 sec at ... | 1994 | 8058004 |
| beta-lactamase topology probe analysis of the outo nmephe peptidase, and six other out protein components of the erwinia carotovora general secretion pathway apparatus. | the out gene cluster of erwinia spp. encodes the proteins of the general secretory pathway (gsp) apparatus that is required for pectinase and cellulase secretion. we have used fusions between erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (ecc) out genes and the topology probe blam to assess the ability of out protein regions to export blam across the cytoplasmic membrane in escherichia coli and ecc. for the outo gene product (an nmephe peptidase), seven transmembrane regions have been identified and one ... | 1994 | 8065262 |
| secretion of the serratia marcescens hasa protein by an abc transporter. | we previously identified a serratia marcescens extracellular protein, hasa, able to bind heme and required for iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin by the bacterium. this novel type of extracellular protein does not have a signal peptide and does not show sequence similarities to other proteins. hasa secretion was reconstituted in escherichia coli, and we show here that like many proteins lacking a signal peptide, hasa has a c-terminal targeting sequence and is secreted by a specific atp bi ... | 1994 | 8071214 |
| bglr protein, which belongs to the bglg family of transcriptional antiterminators, is involved in beta-glucoside utilization in lactococcus lactis. | a fragment of the lactococcus lactis chromosome containing an open reading frame of 265 codons, denoted bglr, has been characterized. the polypeptide encoded by bglr shares 36 to 30% sequence identity with a family of regulatory proteins including arbg from erwinia chrysanthemi, bglg from escherichia coli, and sact and sacy from bacillus subtilis. these regulatory proteins are involved in positive control of the utilization of different sugars by transcription antitermination. for some of these ... | 1994 | 8083160 |
| specific interactions of erwinia chrysanthemi kdgr repressor with different operators of genes involved in pectinolysis. | the erwinia chrysanthemi kdgr gene encodes a repressor that negatively regulates the expression of genes involved in pectinolysis and in pectinase secretion. the cloned kdgr gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli by using a phage t7 system. overproduced repressor was purified to homogeneity by two chromatographic steps. gel retardation and dnase i protection experiments demonstrated the specific binding of the kdgr protein to the operators of pectinase genes (pela, pelb, pelc, pele), to the ... | 1994 | 8107132 |
| role of endoglucanases in erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 virulence on saintpaulia ionantha. | the role of endoglucanases (endoglucanases z and y) in erwinia chrysanthemi pathogenicity on saintpaulia ionantha was assessed by mutagenizing cloned cel genes (celz and cely) and recombining them with the chromosomal alleles. strains with an omega interposon in celz, a deletion in cely, or a double cel mutant were as virulent as the wild-type strain. however, in the strain with a deletion in cely, a delay in the appearance of symptoms was observed, and then maceration progressed as in plants in ... | 1994 | 8113196 |
| effect of mannitol crystallinity on the stabilization of enzymes during freeze-drying. | the stabilizing effect of mannitol during the freeze-drying of proteins was studied using l-lactate dehydrogenase (ldh, rabbit muscle), beta-galactosidase (escherichia coli) and l-asparaginase (erwinia chrysanthemi) as model proteins. crystallization of mannitol was studied by powder x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), in relation to the stabilizing effect. all the enzymes were protected concentration-dependently by amorphous mannitol, but the stabilizing effect was de ... | 1994 | 8124765 |
| a carboxyl-terminal four-amino acid motif is required for secretion of the metalloprotease prtg through the erwinia chrysanthemi protease secretion pathway. | prtg is an extracellular metalloprotease secreted by the gram-negative bacterium erwinia chrysanthemi through a signal peptide-independent secretion pathway. previous studies showed that the prtg secretion signal is cooh-terminal and located in the last 56 residues of prtg. we have now performed a deletion and elongation mapping of a short secretion competent cooh-terminal peptide cterg. this approach allowed us to show that: (i) the smaller cooh-terminal sequence containing the information nece ... | 1994 | 8132636 |
| molecular analysis of the erwinia chrysanthemi region containing the kdga and zwf genes. | the pathways of pectin and galacturonate catabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi converge to form a common intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, which is phosphorylated to form 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (kdgp) and then cleaved by the aldolase encoded by the kdga gene. we cloned the kdga gene of the e. chrysanthemi strain 3937 by complementing an escherichia coli kdga mutation, using an rp4-derivative plasmid. restriction mapping of the kdga region and isolation of kdga-lac fusions allowed th ... | 1994 | 8145647 |
| periplasmic disulphide bond formation is essential for cellulase secretion by the plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi. | secretion to the cell exterior of cellulase egz and of at least six pectinases enables the gram-negative erwinia chrysanthemi to cause severe plant disease. the c-terminal cellulose-binding domain (cbd) of egz was found to contain a disulphide bond which forms, in the periplasm, between residues cys-325 and cys-382. dithiothreitol (dtt)-treatment of native egz showed that the disulphide bond was dispensable, both for catalysis and cellulose binding. adding dtt to e. chrysanthemi cultures led to ... | 1994 | 8152378 |
| molecular characterization of the erwinia chrysanthemi kdgk gene involved in pectin degradation. | the pathways of pectin and galacturonate catabolism in erwinia chrysanthemi converge to form a common intermediate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (kdg), which is phosphorylated by kdg kinase encoded by the kdgk gene. we cloned the kdgk gene of e. chrysanthemi 3937 by complementing an escherichia coli kdgk mutation, using an rp4-derivative plasmid. one of the kdgk r-prime plasmids harbored a dna insert of about 80 kb and carried the uxua and uxub genes involved in glucuronate catabolism and the cely ge ... | 1994 | 8157608 |
| characterization of dsbc, a periplasmic protein of erwinia chrysanthemi and escherichia coli with disulfide isomerase activity. | we identified and characterized an erwinia chrysanthemi gene able to complement an escherichia coli dsba mutation that prevents disulfide bond formation in periplasmic proteins. this gene, dsbc, codes for a 24 kda periplasmic protein that contains a characteristic active site sequence of disulfide isomerases, phe-x-x-x-x-cys-x-x-cys. besides the active site, dsbc has no homology with dsba, thioredoxin or eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerase and it could define a new subfamily of disulfide isom ... | 1994 | 8168497 |
| the pectin lyase-encoding gene (pnl) family from glomerella cingulata: characterization of pnla and its expression in yeast. | oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers were designed from conserved amino acid (aa) sequences between pectin lyase d (pnld) from aspergillus niger and pectate lyases a and e (pela/e) from erwinia chrysanthemi. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used with these primers to amplify genomic dna from the plant pathogenic fungus glomerella cingulata. three different 220-bp fragments with homology to pnl-encoding genes from a. niger, and a 320-bp fragment with homology to pel-encoding genes from nicotia ... | 1994 | 8181749 |
| isolation of a dna polymerase i (pola) mutant of rhizobium leguminosarum that has significantly reduced levels of an incq-group plasmid. | a population of tn5 mutagenized rhizobium leguminosarum cells was screened for mutants affected in protein secretion by introducing a plasmid carrying the erwinia chrysanthemi prtb gene and screening for mutants defective in secretion of the protease prtb. one such mutant (a301) also appeared to be defective in secretion of the r. leguminosarum nodulation protein nodo. genetic analysis showed that the defect in a301 was caused by the tn5 insertion. however the dna sequence adjacent to the site o ... | 1994 | 8190065 |
| c-terminal secretion signal of an erwinia chrysanthemi protease secreted by a signal peptide-independent pathway: proton nmr and cd conformational studies in membrane-mimetic environments. | the detailed structure of a 68-residue chimeric peptide encompassing the 56 last c-terminal residues of erwinia chrysanthemi protease g has been investigated by using circular dichroism and nmr spectroscopies. the peptide which contains the secretion signal of prtg was solubilized either in aqueous solvent, in trifluoroethanol (tfe)/h2o mixtures, or in dodecyl beta-d-maltoside detergent. the peptide helical content increases upon tfe and detergent additions. a stable conformation is reached at 4 ... | 1994 | 8204613 |
| characterization of the prta and prtb genes of erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | two tandem metalloprotease-encoding structural genes, prta and prtb, were sequenced from erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. these were highly homologous to previously reported genes from the same bacteria, as well as to three other metalloprotease-encoding genes from enteric bacteria. the three tandem prt structural genes from strain ec16 were closely linked to a cluster of genes previously found to be essential for extracellular secretion of the metalloproteases. | 1993 | 8224883 |
| identification of two components of the serratia marcescens metalloprotease transporter: protease sm secretion in escherichia coli is tolc dependent. | the serratia marcescens metalloprotease (protease sm) belongs to a family of proteins secreted from gram-negative bacteria by a signal peptide-independent pathway which requires a specific transporter consisting of three proteins: two in the inner membrane and one in the outer membrane. the prtdsm and prtesm genes encoding the two s. marcescens inner membrane components were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. their nucleotide sequence revealed high overall homology with the two analogous ... | 1993 | 8226679 |
| molecular analysis of the major cellulase (celv) of erwinia carotovora: evidence for an evolutionary "mix-and-match" of enzyme domains. | the structural gene for the major cellulase of erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora (ecc) was isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. sequencing of the gene (celv) revealed a typical signal sequence and two functional domains in the enzyme; a catalytic domain linked by a short proline/threonine-rich linker to a cellulose-binding domain (cbd). the deduced amino acid sequence of the catalytic domain showed homology with cellulases of family a, including enzymes from bacillus spp. and erwin ... | 1993 | 8246888 |
| pectate lyase from bacillus subtilis: molecular characterization of the gene, and properties of the cloned enzyme. | pectate lyases (pl) initiate soft-rot diseases in plants by cleaving pectin which is the major component of the plant cell wall. the present paper reports the first cloning and characterization of a pectate lyase (pel) gene from the bacillus genus. this gene was isolated from a bacillus subtilis genomic library constructed in puc18 as vector and escherichia coli as host. by southern hybridization this gene was shown to be present in a single copy in the b. subtilis genome. the nucleotide sequenc ... | 1993 | 8262178 |
| abc transporters: bacterial exporters. | the abc transporters (also called traffic atpases) make up a large superfamily of proteins which share a common function and a common atp-binding domain. abc transporters are classified into three major groups: bacterial importers (the periplasmic permeases), eukaryotic transporters, and bacterial exporters. we present a comprehensive review of the bacterial abc exporter group, which currently includes over 40 systems. the bacterial abc exporter systems are functionally subdivided on the basis o ... | 1993 | 8302219 |
| uptake of galacturonic acid in erwinia chrysanthemi ec16. | uptake of [14c]galacturonic acid in erwinia chrysanthemi was found to be stimulated during growth on pectin and its degradation products, saturated digalacturonic acid and galacturonic acid. cells isolated from macerated potato tissue also showed increased levels of uptake activity for this molecule compared with those showed by glycerol-grown cells. uptake was found to be an active process, and it displayed saturation kinetics. an escherichia coli galacturonic acid transport mutant harboring th ... | 1993 | 8320243 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of 13 out genes from erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora: genes encoding members of a general secretion pathway (gsp) widespread in gram-negative bacteria. | the chemical mutagen ethylmethanesulphonate (ems) has been used to generate mutants of erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora which are defective in the secretion of pectinases (pel) and cellulases (cel) but unaltered for protease (prt) secretion. such mutants, called out-, still synthesize pel and cel but these enzymes accumulate within the periplasm. cosmid clones carrying wild-type e. carotovora ssp. carotovora dna, identified by their ability to restore the out+ phenotype when transferred ... | 1993 | 8326859 |
| characterization of the nucm gene coding for a nuclease of the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi. | the gene nucm encoding a nuclease was cloned from a genomic library of erwinia chrysanthemi. the nucm gene was subcloned, and mutagenized by insertion of a uida-kanr cartridge. this mutation was introduced by recombination into the erwinia chrysanthemi chromosome. the nucm mutant lost nucm activity when tested on a dna plate after 24 hours, but still possessed secondary weak nuclease activity. the nucleotide sequence of nucm was determined. it presents a 798 bp open reading frame, coding for a 2 ... | 1993 | 8332061 |