Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| chromobacterium violaceum presenting as a surgical emergency. | 1981 | 7280766 | |
| septicemia and death caused by chromobacterium violaceum. | 1980 | 7403928 | |
| fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties, and antitumor activity. | a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide, fr901228, was isolated from a broth culture of chromobacterium violaceum no. 968 as colorless prisms and the molecular formula was determined as c24h36n4o6s2. this antibiotic reverted the transformed morphology of a ha-ras transformant to normal, and exhibited prominent antitumor activities against murine and human tumor cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. | 1994 | 7513682 |
| the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from chromobacterium violaceum nctc 9694. | 1994 | 7528643 | |
| l-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase from chromobacterium violaceum. substrate specificity and mechanistic implications. | l-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase, an amino acid alpha,beta-dehydrogenase isolated from chromobacterium violaceum, catalyzes the formation of a double bond between the c alpha and c beta carbons of various tryptophan derivatives provided that they possess: (i) a l-enantiomeric configuration, (ii) an alpha-carbonyl group, and (iii) an unsubstituted and unmodified indole nucleus. kinetic parameters were evaluated for a series of tryptophan analogues, providing information on the contribution of each chem ... | 1995 | 7559518 |
| action of fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968, on ha-ras transformed nih3t3 cells. | fr901228, a novel antitumor antibiotic, reversed the transformed morphology of the ha-ras transformants, ras-1 cells, and inhibited their growth. the reduction of c-myc expression was observed in fr901228-treated ras-1 cells by rna dot-blot hybridization. this reduction of c-myc expression and morphological reversion of the transformed cells to normal were correlated with growth inhibition (g0/g1 arrest in cell cycle). | 1994 | 7765477 |
| mechanism of metal-independent hydroxylation by chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase. | phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to tyrosine utilizing a tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor. several key mechanistic questions have yet to be resolved, specifically the identity of the hydroxylating species and the role of the non-heme iron which is present in all of the mammalian pahs. recently, we have demonstrated that a bacterial pah from chromobacterium violaceum does not require any redox active metal for activity [carr, r. t., & benkovic, s. j. (1993) biochemistry 32, 14132-1413 ... | 1995 | 7779797 |
| chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia in malaysia. | 1994 | 7899912 | |
| purification and partial characterization of an amino acid alpha,beta- dehydrogenase, l-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase from chromobacterium violaceum. | l-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase is a novel enzyme that specifically catalyzes the alpha,beta-dehydrogenation of l-tryptophan derivatives. it was extracted from chromobacterium violaceum and purified 108-fold to apparent homogeneity with a 34% overall recovery. the molecular weight of the native enzyme is approximately 680,000, and its isoelectric point is nearly equal to 4. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme is composed of two components with molecular weight of approximate ... | 1994 | 8027079 |
| identification of metal ligands in cu(ii)-inhibited chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase by electron spin echo envelope modulation analysis of histidine to serine mutations. | phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum (cvpah) is known to bind an equivalent of divalent copper. the "metal-free" form of the protein is fully active, and cu(ii) is now shown to be an inhibitor of cvpah rather than an activator of the enzyme [carr, r. t., & benkovic, s. j. (1994) biochemistry 32, 14132-14138]. on the basis of amino acid sequence homology, the metal binding site may be related to those of rat liver pah and other eukaryotic pterin-dependent hydroxylases, which r ... | 1994 | 8031788 |
| fatal chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia. | a 19-year-old malay male succumbed to a septicaemia caused by chromobacterium violaceum 11 days after onset of illness. the organism is a common soil saprophyte and may be considered as contaminant on culture. it is essential to recognise its clinical significance in purulent processes so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. we report the first fatal case of chromobacterium violaceum infection in the university hospital, kuala lumpur. | 1993 | 8153700 |
| fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968. ii. structure determination. | 1994 | 8175483 | |
| fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968. iii. antitumor activities on experimental tumors in mice. | the antitumor activities of fr901228, (e)-(1s,4s,10s,21r)-7-[(z)- ethylidene]-4,21-diisopropyl-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23- tetraazabicyclo[8,7,6]-tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentanone, isolated from chromobacterium violaceum no. 968, were studied in animals. fr901228 (ip) prolonged the life of mice bearing such murine ascitic tumors as p388 and l1210 leukemias and b16 melanoma, and inhibited (iv) the growth of murine solid tumors (colon 38 carcinoma, m5076 reticulum cell sarcoma and meth a fibro ... | 1994 | 8175484 |
| molecular structures that influence the immunomodulatory properties of the lipid a and inner core region oligosaccharides of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. | the relationship between chain length as well as the position of fatty acyl groups to the ability of lipid a to abolish the expression of suppressor t-cell (ts) activity was examined. fatty acyl chain lengths of c12 to c14, as in the lipid a of escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota, appear to be optimal for this bioactivity, since lipid a preparations with fatty acyl groups of relatively short chain length (c10 to c12 for pseudomonas aeruginosa and chromobacterium violaceum) or predominantly ... | 1994 | 8188347 |
| nonfatal and fatal infections caused by chromobacterium violaceum. | human infection caused by chromobacterium violaceum is rare, but when it occurs it is associated with a high mortality rate. we report the cases of two patients with infection due to chromobacterium violaceum. one patient presented early in the course of disease and survived after receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy. the other patient presented late in the course of disease and died of fulminant sepsis with abscesses in multiple organs. we discuss the similarity between c. violaceum infecti ... | 1993 | 8218697 |
| [chromobacterium violaceum, opportunist pathogenic bacteria in tropical and subtropical regions]. | chromobacterium violaceum is isolated from soil and waters in tropical and subtropical areas. this gram negative bacillus is considered as a saprophyte, but occasionally it can act as an opportunistic pathogen for animals and man, and cause fatal septicaemia from skin lesion with many liver and lung abscesses. classification, nomenclature, media used to isolation, characters useful to identification (morphology, cultural and biochemical traits, violacein pigmentation), differentiation from relat ... | 1993 | 8219788 |
| an examination of the copper requirement of phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum. | phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum (cvpah) was classified as a copper metalloenzyme by virtue of a 1/1 cu/enzyme stoichiometry and its inhibition with various chelators [pember, s. o., villafranca, j. j., & benkovic, s. j. (1986) biochemistry 25, 6611]. we have prepared "copper-free" cvpah by extraction with dtt. these preparations retained full activity though the cu/enzyme ratio averaged 0.015. reconstitution by extraneous copper was disproved by measuring a cu/enzyme rat ... | 1993 | 8260496 |
| a re-examination of the metal requirement of chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase. | 1993 | 8304197 | |
| histidines 138 and 143 are copper binding ligands in chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase. | 1993 | 8304204 | |
| acute pleuropneumonia in barbary sheep (amnotragus lervia) associated with chromobacterium violaceum. | 1996 | 8736506 | |
| isolation and identification of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate)-degrading strains of pseudomonas lemoignei. | by using selective enrichment of polyhydroxyalkanoate-degrading bacteria and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate)-containing granules from chromobacterium violaceum as the carbon source, 10 new pseudomonas lemoignei strains were isolated; these strains were able to degrade poly(3-hydroxyvalerate), as well as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), in vitro. the new isolates were characterized and identified by comparing them with p. lemoignei lmg 2207(t) (t = type strain). like p. lemoignei lmg 2207(t) cells, the cells of ... | 1996 | 8782688 |
| systematic study of the genus vogesella gen. nov. and its type species, vogesella indigofera comb. nov. | a blue-pigmented colony that had a metallic copper-colored sheen was isolated in 1973 from a standard spread plate count preparation of oxidation pond sediment. over the next 11 years, an additional 12 strains of blue-pigmented bacteria were isolated from freshwater samples and compared to several reference strains of bacteria. morphological and biochemical tests revealed that these 13 isolates were very similar to [pseudomonas] indigofera atcc 19706t (t = type strain) and atcc 14036. a numerica ... | 1997 | 8995797 |
| quorum sensing in vibrio anguillarum: characterization of the vani/vanr locus and identification of the autoinducer n-(3-oxodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. | certain gram-negative pathogens are known to control virulence gene expression through cell-cell communication via small diffusible signal molecules termed autoinducers. this intercellular signal transduction mechanism termed quorum sensing depends on the interaction of an n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) auto-inducer molecule with a receptor protein belonging to the luxr family of positive transcriptional activators. vibrio anguillarum is a gram-negative pathogen capable of causing a terminal hem ... | 1997 | 9139920 |
| detecting and characterizing n-acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules by thin-layer chromatography. | many gram-negative bacteria regulate gene expression in response to their population size by sensing the level of acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules which they produce and liberate to the environment. we have developed an assay for these signals that couples separation by thin-layer chromatography with detection using agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring lacz fused to a gene that is regulated by autoinduction. with the exception of n-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, the reporter detected acyl ... | 1997 | 9177164 |
| case report and review of chromobacterium sepsis--a gram-negative sepsis mimicking melioidosis. | chromobacterium violaceum has recently been recognised as a pathogen which can cause life-threatening disease. it is the only chromobacterium species which is pathogenic to humans. due to its unfamiliarity, clinicians often do not appreciate its importance when it is isolated in sterile cultures and may dismiss it as a "containment". it is therefore important for us to be aware of this infection and its clinical spectrum since it is a disease of the tropics. we report a paediatric case of docume ... | 1997 | 9294341 |
| chromobacterium violaceum infection of the deep neck tissues in a traveler to thailand. | 1997 | 9332541 | |
| quorum sensing and chromobacterium violaceum: exploitation of violacein production and inhibition for the detection of n-acylhomoserine lactones. | quorum sensing relies upon the interaction of a diffusible signal molecule with a transcriptional activator protein to couple gene expression with cell population density. in gram-negative bacteria, such signal molecules are usually n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) which differ in the structure of their n-acyl side chains. chromobacterium violaceum, a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in soil and water, produces the characteristic purple pigment violacein. previously the authors described a ... | 1997 | 9421896 |
| bacterial community dynamics during start-up of a trickle-bed bioreactor degrading aromatic compounds. | this study was performed with a laboratory-scale fixed-bed bioreactor degrading a mixture of aromatic compounds (solvesso100). the starter culture for the bioreactor was prepared in a fermentor with a wastewater sample of a care painting facility as the inoculum and solvesso100 as the sole carbon source. the bacterial community dynamics in the fermentor and the bioreactor were examined by a conventional isolation procedure and in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rrna-targeted oligon ... | 1998 | 9501433 |
| potential misidentification of burkholderia pseudomallei by api 20ne. | biochemical confirmation of the identity of burkholderia pseudomallei in singapore previously relied on the api 20ne panel of tests. after introducing an alternative proprietary biochemical panel, the microbact 24e (medvet, adelaide, australia), we noted that the api panel identified some presumptive b. pseudomallei isolates as other species. we therefore compared the performance of the api 20ne against the microbact 24e with 50 distinct clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei, after 24 hours and a ... | 1998 | 9534210 |
| occurrence of homologs of the escherichia coli lytb gene in gram-negative bacterial species. | the escherichia coli lytb protein regulates the activity of guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate synthetase i (rela). a southern blot analysis of chromosomal dna with the e. coli lytb gene as a probe revealed the presence of lytb homologs in all of the gram-negative bacterial species examined but not in gram-positive species. the lytb homologs from enterobacter aerogenes and pseudomonas fluorescens complemented the e. coli lytb44 mutant allele. | 1998 | 9537400 |
| [infection by chromobacterium violaceum in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency virus infection]. | 1998 | 9542314 | |
| evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of melioidosis. | previously published pcr-based diagnostic tests for melioidosis were evaluated for clinical usefulness. a burkholderia pseudomallei 16s rrna-derived primer set had a sensitivity approaching 100% for clinical samples from 22 culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis and enabled diagnosis of 3 culture-negative cases. however, samples from 10 of 30 inpatients from royal darwin hospital with other diagnoses were positive by pcr, giving a specificity of 67% and a positive predictive value of only 70%. a ... | 1998 | 9542933 |
| chromobacterium violaceum in tropical northern australia. | chromobacterium violaceum is an unusual cause of infection which may have fatality rates of over 60% when systemic illness occurs. we describe four patients infected with this organism who were successfully treated at royal darwin hospital between 1991 and 1996. in tropical australia, c. violaceum infection should be considered along with melioidosis in patients who present with a septic illness with skin lesions and/or organ abscesses after exposure to soil in the wet season. | 1998 | 9577444 |
| chromobacterium violaceum infection. | chromobacterium violaceum infection is confined to the tropical and subtropical areas, with almost all reported cases occurring in the southeast. the most common feature of this infection is sepsis, followed by cutaneous involvement and liver abscesses. treatment consists of surgical drainage of purulent collections and appropriate antimicrobial therapy, such as chloramphenicol, gentamicin, imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin. although c violaceum infection is rare, it is p ... | 1998 | 9598856 |
| characterization of the hcnabc gene cluster encoding hydrogen cyanide synthase and anaerobic regulation by anr in the strictly aerobic biocontrol agent pseudomonas fluorescens cha0. | the secondary metabolite hydrogen cyanide (hcn) is produced by pseudomonas fluorescens from glycine, essentially under microaerophilic conditions. the genetic basis of hcn synthesis in p. fluorescens cha0 was investigated. the contiguous structural genes hcnabc encoding hcn synthase were expressed from the t7 promoter in escherichia coli, resulting in hcn production in this bacterium. analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the hcnabc genes showed that each hcn synthase subunit was similar to kno ... | 1998 | 9620970 |
| chitinolytic activity in chromobacterium violaceum: substrate analysis and regulation by quorum sensing. | quorum sensing control mediated by n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) signaling molecules has been established as a key feature of the regulation of exoenzyme production in many gram-negative bacteria. in chromobacterium violaceum atcc 31532 a number of phenotypic characteristics, including production of the purple pigment violacein, hydrogen cyanide, antibiotics, and exoproteases are known to be regulated by the endogenous ahl n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (hhl). in this study we show that c. vi ... | 1998 | 9721280 |
| the pseudomonas aeruginosa rhlg gene encodes an nadph-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase which is specifically involved in rhamnolipid synthesis. | a pseudomonas aeruginosa gene homologous to the fabg gene, which encodes the nadph-dependent beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase required for fatty acid synthesis, was identified. the insertional mutation of this fabg homolog (herein called rhlg) produced no apparent effect on the growth rate and total lipid content of p. aeruginosa cells, but the production of rhamnolipids was completely abrogated. these results suggest that the synthetic pathway for the fatty acid moiety of rham ... | 1998 | 9721281 |
| effects of transition metals on nitric oxide synthase catalysis. | the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (no) by the enzyme no synthase (nos) proceeds by the hydroxylation of l-arginine to form ng-hydroxy-l-arginine followed by the conversion of ng-hydroxy-l-arginine to l-citrulline and no. the previously identified requirements of this relatively complicated reaction include several protein-bound cofactors: cytochrome p450-type heme, flavin mononucleotide (fmn), flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), and tetrahydrobiopterin (h4b). in addition to l-arginine, nos also re ... | 1998 | 9736696 |
| phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum. uncoupled oxidation of tetrahydropterin and the role of iron in hyroxylation. | a gene encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase has been cloned from chromobacterium violaceum and expressed in escherichia coli. the purified phenylalanine hydroxylase contains copper, which does not support enzymatic activity. upon removal of copper by dithiothreitol (dtt), the enzyme contains substoichiometric amounts of calcium and zinc but little or no redox-active metal ions. the copper-depleted hydroxylase catalyzes the phenylalanine-dependent oxidation of 6, 7-dimethyltetrahydropterin (dmph4) ... | 1998 | 9748224 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of ind, an enzyme with indole oxygenase activity from chromobacterium violaceum. | ind, a redox flavoprotein from chromobacterium violaceum has been crystallized in the presence and absence of nadh. the crystals belong to the space group p41212 or its enantiomorph p43212 with a = 73.9 and c = 153.6 a. there is one molecule per asymmetric unit and the crystals diffract beyond 2.1 a resolution. | 1998 | 9761866 |
| airways microbial flora in copd patients in stable clinical conditions and during exacerbations: a bronchoscopic investigation. | patients affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) undergo frequent exacerbations of their illness characterized by increased cough and expectoration. the precise aetiology of these episodes often remains unknown. in the absence of clinical or radiographic signs of pneumonia, bacterial or viral cultures of sputum usually provide little useful information. thus, we performed fibreoptic bronchoscopy using a protected specimen brush (psb) to obtain uncontaminated secretions for cul ... | 1998 | 9785808 |
| production of acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals by gram-negative plant-associated bacteria. | many gram-negative bacteria regulate expression of specialized gene sets in response to population density. this regulatory mechanism, called autoinduction or quorum-sensing, is based on the production by the bacteria of a small, diffusible signal molecule called the autoinducer. in the most well-studied systems the autoinducers are n-acylated derivatives of l-homoserine lactone (acyl-hsl). signal specificity is conferred by the length, and the nature of the substitution at c-3, of the acyl side ... | 1998 | 9805399 |
| surface motility of serratia liquefaciens mg1. | 1999 | 10074060 | |
| phhb, a pseudomonas aeruginosa homolog of mammalian pterin 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase/dcoh, does not regulate expression of phenylalanine hydroxylase at the transcriptional level. | pterin 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase is bifunctional in mammals. in addition to playing a catalytic role in pterin recycling in the cytoplasm, it plays a regulatory role in the nucleus, where it acts as a dimerization-cofactor component (called dcoh) for the transcriptional activator hnf-1alpha. a thus far unique operon in pseudomonas aeruginosa contains a gene encoding a homolog (phhb) of the regulatory dehydratase, together with genes encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (phha) and aromatic amino ... | 1999 | 10217769 |
| two cases of chromobacterium violaceum infection after injury in a subtropical region. | chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative rod and is isolated from soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions. the species have pigmented and nonpigmented colony types. infections caused by nonpigmented strains are rare. we report on two cases of infection caused by both pigmented and nonpigmented strains of c. violaceum. two 24-year-old korea airline stewardesses were admitted to inha university hospital, inchon, south korea, on 9 august 1997, 3 days after an airplane accident in gua ... | 1999 | 10325383 |
| analysis of quorum-sensing-dependent control of rhizosphere-expressed (rhi) genes in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae. | the rhi genes of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae are expressed in the rhizosphere and play a role in the interaction with legumes, such as the pea. previously (k. m. gray, j. p. pearson, j. a. downie, b. e. a. boboye, and e. p. greenberg, j. bacteriol. 178:372-376, 1996) the rhiabc operon had been shown to be regulated by rhir and to be induced by added n-(3-hydroxy-7-cis-tetradecenoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3oh, c14:1-hsl). mutagenesis of a cosmid carrying the rhiabc and rhir gene region ... | 1999 | 10368158 |
| chromobacterium violaceum sepsis accompanied by bacteria-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a japanese man. | 1999 | 10421288 | |
| production of acylated homoserine lactones by psychrotrophic members of the enterobacteriaceae isolated from foods. | bacteria are able to communicate and gene regulation can be mediated through the production of acylated homoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules. these signals play important roles in several pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria. the following study was undertaken to investigate whether ahls are produced by bacteria found in food at temperatures and nacl conditions commercially used for food preservation and storage. a minimum of 116 of 154 psychrotrophic enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from c ... | 1999 | 10427034 |
| cloning, molecular analysis, and expression of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase (phac) gene from chromobacterium violaceum. | the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase gene from chromobacterium violaceum (phac(cv)) was cloned and characterized. a 6.3-kb bamhi fragment was found to contain both phac(cv) and the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha)-specific 3-ketothiolase (phaa(cv)). escherichia coli strains harboring this fragment produced significant levels of pha synthase and 3-ketothiolase, as judged by their activities. while c. violaceum accumulated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) when ... | 1999 | 10427049 |
| molecular analysis of the gene encoding a novel transglycosylative enzyme from alteromonas sp. strain o-7 and its physiological role in the chitinolytic system. | we purified from the culture supernatant of alteromonas sp. strain o-7 and characterized a transglycosylating enzyme which synthesized beta-(1-->6)-(glcnac)2, 2-acetamido-6-o-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-2- deoxyglucopyranose from beta-(1-->4)-(glcnac)2. the gene encoding a novel transglycosylating enzyme was cloned into escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the molecular mass of the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature protein was determined to be 99, ... | 1999 | 10464221 |
| characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabi): a target for the antimicrobial triclosan and its role in acylated homoserine lactone synthesis. | the pseudomonas aeruginosa fabi structural gene, encoding enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase, was cloned and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that fabi is probably the last gene in a transcriptional unit that includes a gene encoding an atp-binding protein of an abc transporter of unknown function. the fabi protein was similar in size and primary sequence to other bacterial enoyl-acp reductases, and it contained signature motifs for the fad-dependent pyridine nucleotide r ... | 1999 | 10464225 |
| quorum sensing-dependent regulation and blockade of exoprotease production in aeromonas hydrophila. | in aeromonas hydrophila, the ahyi gene encodes a protein responsible for the synthesis of the quorum sensing signal n-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (c4-hsl). inactivation of the ahyi gene on the a. hydrophila chromosome abolishes c4-hsl production. the exoprotease activity of a. hydrophila consists of both serine protease and metalloprotease activities; in the ahyi-negative strain, both are substantially reduced but can be restored by the addition of exogenous c4-hsl. in contrast, mutation of th ... | 1999 | 10496895 |
| isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of strains of photorhabdus luminescens from infected humans in australia. | we describe the isolation of photorhabdus (xenorhabdus) luminescens from four australian patients: two with multiple skin lesions, one with bacteremia only, and one with disseminated infection. one of the patients had multiple skin lesions following the bite of a spider, while the lesions in the other patient were possibly associated with a spider bite. the source of infection for the remaining two patients is unknown. as a member of the family enterobacteriaceae, p. luminescens is unusual in th ... | 1999 | 10523568 |
| regulation of expression of the nonhemolytic phospholipase c of burkholderia cepacia. | burkholderia cepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients. we have purified and partially characterized one potential virulence factor for the organism-a nonhemolytic phospholipase c-and we studied the effect of iron restriction and choline and phosphate concentrations on the expression of phospholipase c. iron limitation did not affect expression, the effect of choline was variable, and high phosphate concentrations repressed expressi ... | 1999 | 10525838 |
| the pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal molecule, n-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, inhibits porcine arterial smooth muscle contraction. | the pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing molecule n-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (oddhl) has been shown to suppress cytokine production in macrophages. we have examined the effect of oddhl and related compounds on constrictor tone of porcine blood vessels. oddhl (1-30 microm) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of u46619-induced contractions of the coronary artery through a largely endothelium-independent mechanism, but was markedly less effective in the pulmonary artery. quan ... | 1999 | 10556916 |
| providencia stuartii genes activated by cell-to-cell signaling and identification of a gene required for production or activity of an extracellular factor. | by utilizing reporter transposons, five providencia stuartii genes that are activated by the accumulation of self-produced extracellular signals have been identified. these genes have been designated cma for conditioned medium activated. the presence of conditioned medium from stationary-phase cultures grown in rich media resulted in the premature activation of each gene in cells at early log phase, with activation values ranging from 6- to 26-fold. preparation of conditioned medium from an m9 s ... | 1999 | 10572119 |
| beta-cyanoalanine production by marine bacteria on cyanide-free medium and its specific inhibitory activity toward cyanobacteria. | in screening the culture broth of marine bacteria collected at yap (micronesia), palau (belau), and okinawa (the southwest islands of japan) for antimicroalgal activity, 37 out of 2,594 bacterial isolates tested were found to produce anticyanobacterial substances against oscillatoria amphibia nies-361. one strain, c-979, identified as a vibrio sp., was selected and cultured in 2.4 liters of marine broth 2216 to identify the bioactive compound produced by the strain. the purified very hydrophilic ... | 2000 | 10653741 |
| pretreatment with dna-damaging agents permits selective killing of checkpoint-deficient cells by microtubule-active drugs. | cell-cycle checkpoint mechanisms, including the p53- and p21-dependent g(2) arrest that follows dna damage, are often lost during tumorigenesis. we have exploited the ability of dna-damaging drugs to elicit this checkpoint, and we show here that such treatment allows microtubule drugs, which cause cell death secondary to mitotic arrest, to kill checkpoint-deficient tumor cells while sparing checkpoint-competent cells. low doses of the dna-damaging drug doxorubicin cause predominantly g(2) arrest ... | 2000 | 10683383 |
| chromobacteriosis in a chinese red panda (ailurus fulgens styani). | an adult chinese red panda (ailurus fulgens styani) transported by airplane from florida to a north dakota zoo died 1 week after arrival. grossly, an interscapular abscess, subcutaneous inflammation, lymphadenitis, and pulmonary abscesses were observed. microscopic findings included necrotizing inflammation in liver, lung, lymph node, and spleen. chromobacterium violaceum was cultured from the interscapular abscess, liver, lung, and spleen and was injected into swiss webster mice. these mice die ... | 2000 | 10730953 |
| extraction of violacein from chromobacterium violaceum provides a new quantitative bioassay for n-acyl homoserine lactone autoinducers. | fatty acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) are used as extracellular quorum sensing signals by a variety of gram-negative bacteria. by activating proteins belonging to the luxr family of transcriptional regulators, these signal metabolites allow population density-dependent gene regulation within a species, as well as interspecies communication among different bacteria. the experimental detection of ahls is important in the identification of quorum sensing capabilities in bacteria. chromobacterium vi ... | 2000 | 10739342 |
| poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) depolymerase of pseudomonas lemoignei. | pseudomonas lemoignei is equipped with at least five polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) depolymerase structural genes (phaz1 to phaz5) which enable the bacterium to utilize extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb), poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (phv), and related polyesters consisting of short-chain-length hxdroxyalkanoates (pha(scl)) as the sole sources of carbon and energy. four genes (phaz1, phaz2, phaz3, and phaz5) encode phb depolymerases c, b, d, and a, respectively. it was speculated that the remain ... | 2000 | 10742216 |
| chromobacterium violaceum infection in brazil. a case report. | we report the second case of infection with chromobacterium violaceum that occurred in brazil. a farm worker living in the state of são paulo presented fever and severe abdominal pain for four days. at hospitalization the patient was in a toxemic state and had a distended and painful abdomen. chest x-ray and abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral pneumonia and hypoechoic areas in the liver. the patient developed failure of multiple organs and died a few hours later. blood culture led to isolati ... | 2000 | 10810326 |
| prey range characterization, ribotyping, and diversity of soil and rhizosphere bdellovibrio spp. isolated on phytopathogenic bacteria. | thirty new bdellovibrio strains were isolated from an agricultural soil and from the rhizosphere of plants grown in that soil. using a combined molecular and culture-based approach, we found that the soil bdellovibrios included subpopulations of organisms that differed from rhizosphere bdellovibrios. thirteen soil and seven common bean rhizosphere bdellovibrio strains were isolated when pseudomonas corrugata was used as prey; seven and two soil strains were isolated when erwinia carotovora subsp ... | 2000 | 10831412 |
| bacterial growth stimulation with exogenous siderophore and synthetic n-acyl homoserine lactone autoinducers under iron-limited and low-nutrient conditions. | the growth of marine bacteria under iron-limited conditions was investigated. neither siderophore production nor bacterial growth was detected for pelagiobacter sp. strain v0110 when fe(iii) was present in the culture medium at a concentration of <1.0 microm. however, the growth of v0110 was strongly stimulated by the presence of trace amounts of exogenous siderophore from an alpha proteobacterium, v0902, and 1 nm n-acyl-octanoylhomoserine lactone (c(8)-hsl), which is known as a quorum-sensing c ... | 2000 | 10877770 |
| chromobacterium violaceum diarrhea. | this is the first case of chromobacterium violaceum diarrhoea from coastal karnataka reported in a 2 year 10 months old girl. stool culture yielded chromobacterium violaceum and was sensitive to ampicillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and septran. patient completely recovered with ampicillin and gentamicin. | 2000 | 10885215 |
| beta-cyanoalanine synthase is a mitochondrial cysteine synthase-like protein in spinach and arabidopsis. | beta-cyano-alanine synthase (cas; ec 4.4.1.9) plays an important role in cyanide metabolism in plants. although the enzymatic activity of beta-cyano-ala synthase has been detected in a variety of plants, no cdna or gene has been identified so far. we hypothesized that the mitochondrial cysteine synthase (cs; ec 4.2.99. 8) isoform, bsas3, could actually be identical to cas in spinach (spinacia oleracea) and arabidopsis. an arabidopsis expressed sequence tag database was searched for putative bsas ... | 2000 | 10889265 |
| bacterial quorum sensing in pathogenic relationships. | 2000 | 10948095 | |
| skin infections and infestations in aboriginal communities in northern australia. | the most important skin infections in aboriginal communities in central and northern australia are scabies and streptococcal pyoderma. scabies is endemic in many remote aboriginal communities, with prevalences in children up to 50%. the cycles of scabies transmission underlie much of the pyoderma. up to 70% of children have skin sores, with group a streptococcus (gas) the major pathogen. group a streptococcus is responsible for the continuing outbreaks of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis an ... | 2000 | 10954983 |
| fatal and non-fatal chromobacterial septicemia: report of two cases. | chromobacterium violaceum is frequently found in soil and water in tropical and subtropical regions. the organism rarely causes infection in humans, but is associated with a high mortality rate when it occurs. septicemia associated with abscess in multiple organs such as the liver, skin, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, and brain has been reported. we report on 2 patients with systemic infections with chromobacterium violaceum. one presented with a fulminant course with multiple organ involvement and ... | 2000 | 11039252 |
| the pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins pa-il and pa-iil are controlled by quorum sensing and by rpos. | in pseudomonas aeruginosa, many exoproduct virulence determinants are regulated via a hierarchical quorum-sensing cascade involving the transcriptional regulators lasr and rhlr and their cognate activators, n-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3o-c12-hsl) and n-butanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (c4-hsl). in this paper, we demonstrate that the cytotoxic lectins pa-il and pa-iil are regulated via quorum sensing. using immunoblot analysis, the production of both lectins was found to be directly de ... | 2000 | 11053384 |
| comparative 16s rrna analysis of lake bacterioplankton reveals globally distributed phylogenetic clusters including an abundant group of actinobacteria. | in a search for cosmopolitan phylogenetic clusters of freshwater bacteria, we recovered a total of 190 full and partial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) sequences from three different lakes (lake gossenköllesee, austria; lake fuchskuhle, germany; and lake baikal, russia). the phylogenetic comparison with the currently available rdna data set showed that our sequences fall into 16 clusters, which otherwise include bacterial rdna sequences of primarily freshwater and soil, but not marine, origin. six of t ... | 2000 | 11055963 |
| sequence analysis and functional characterization of the violacein biosynthetic pathway from chromobacterium violaceum. | violacein is a purple-colored, broad-spectrum antibacterial pigment that has a dimeric structure composed of 5-hydroxyindole, oxindole and 2-pyyrolidone subunits formed by the condensation of two modified tryptophan molecules. the violacein biosynthetic gene cluster from chromobacterium violaceum was characterized by dna sequencing, transposon mutagenesis, and chemical analysis of the pathway intermediates produced heterologously in escherichia. coli. the violacein biosynthetic gene cluster span ... | 2000 | 11075927 |
| transcriptional control of the hydrogen cyanide biosynthetic genes hcnabc by the anaerobic regulator anr and the quorum-sensing regulators lasr and rhlr in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | virulence factors of pseudomonas aeruginosa include hydrogen cyanide (hcn). this secondary metabolite is maximally produced at low oxygen tension and high cell densities during the transition from exponential to stationary growth phase. the hcnabc genes encoding hcn synthase were identified on a genomic fragment complementing an hcn-deficient mutant of p. aeruginosa pao1. the hcna promoter was found to be controlled by the fnr-like anaerobic regulator anr and by the quorum-sensing regulators las ... | 2000 | 11092854 |
| polyclonal antibodies recognizing the amob protein of ammonia oxidizers of the beta-subclass of the class proteobacteria. | a 41-kda protein of nitrosomonas eutropha was purified, and the n-terminal amino acid sequence was found to be nearly identical with the sequence of amob, a subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. this protein was used to develop polyclonal antibodies, which were highly specific for the detection of the four genera of ammonia oxidizers of the beta-subclass of proteobacteria (nitrosomonas, including nitrosococcus mobilis, which belongs phylogenetically to nitrosomonas; nitrosospira; nitrosolobus; and n ... | 2001 | 11133435 |
| violacein cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in v79 cells. | violacein, a pigment produced by chromobacterium violaceum, is reported to be a potential drug for the treatment of chagas' disease. violacein is also effective against leukemia and lymphoma cells in culture (ic50 10(-8) m). changes in the nuclear acid content, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction and neutral red uptake in these cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of violacein in v79 chinese hamster (m-8) fibroblasts. violacein was highly cytotoxic to ... | 2000 | 11149754 |
| gfp-based n-acyl homoserine-lactone sensor systems for detection of bacterial communication. | in order to perform single-cell analysis and online studies of n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-mediated communication among bacteria, components of the vibrio fischeri quorum sensor encoded by luxr-p(luxi) have been fused to modified versions of gfpmut3* genes encoding unstable green fluorescent proteins. bacterial strains harboring this green fluorescent sensor detected a broad spectrum of ahl molecules and were capable of sensing the presence of 5 nm n-3-oxohexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone in the ... | 2001 | 11157219 |
| acyl-homoserine lactone production is more common among plant-associated pseudomonas spp. than among soilborne pseudomonas spp. | a total of 137 soilborne and plant-associated bacterial strains belonging to different pseudomonas species were tested for their ability to synthesize n-acyl-homoserine lactones (nahl). fifty-four strains synthesized nahl. interestingly, nahl production appears to be more common among plant-associated than among soilborne pseudomonas spp. indeed, 40% of the analyzed pseudomonas syringae strains produced nahl which were identified most often as the short-chain nahl, n-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lacton ... | 2001 | 11229911 |
| diagnostics of neisseriaceae and moraxellaceae by ribosomal dna sequencing: ribosomal differentiation of medical microorganisms. | fast and reliable identification of microbial isolates is a fundamental goal of clinical microbiology. however, in the case of some fastidious gram-negative bacterial species, classical phenotype identification based on either metabolic, enzymatic, or serological methods is difficult, time-consuming, and/or inadequate. 16s or 23s ribosomal dna (rdna) bacterial sequencing will most often result in accurate speciation of isolates. therefore, the objective of this study was to find a hypervariable ... | 2001 | 11230407 |
| methods for detecting acylated homoserine lactones produced by gram-negative bacteria and their application in studies of ahl-production kinetics. | in the process of evaluating the role of acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) in food-spoiling gram-negative bacteria, we have combined a range of bacterial ahl monitor systems to determine the ahl-profile and the kinetics of ahl-production. ahl production from 148 strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated from foods was tested using escherichia coli psb403 (luxr), agrobacterium tumefaciens a136 (trar) and both induction and inhibition of chromobacterium violaceum cv026 (cvir). all strains except on ... | 2001 | 11240047 |
| regulation of ornibactin biosynthesis and n-acyl-l-homoserine lactone production by cepr in burkholderia cepacia. | the cepr-cepi quorum-sensing system has been shown to regulate production of the siderophore ornibactin, extracellular proteases, and n-octanoyl-homoserine-l-lactone (ohl) in burkholderia cepacia strain k56-2. to examine the effect of cepir on production of other siderophores, cepr mutants were constructed in strains that produce pyochelin in addition to salicylic acid and ornibactins. pc715j-r1 (cepr::tp) hyperproduced ornibactin but produced parental levels of pyochelin and salicylic acid, sug ... | 2001 | 11244059 |
| successful treatment of an infant with chromobacterium violaceum sepsis. | chromobacterium violaceum sepsis, a rarely reported phenomenon, has a high mortality rate. we report a unique case of c. violaceum sepsis in an infant. a 4-month-old girl presented to our institution with fever, pustular skin lesions, and distended abdomen, as well as diminished activity and mental status. radiological investigation revealed brain, lung, and hepatic abscesses. the infant was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. | 2001 | 11247733 |
| phylogenetic analysis of tmrna genes within a bacterial subgroup reveals a specific structural signature. | bacterial tmrna mediates a trans-translation reaction, which permits the recycling of stalled ribosomes and probably also contributes to the regulated expression of a subset of genes. its action results in the addition of a small number of c-terminal amino acids to protein whose synthesis had stalled and these constitute a proteolytic recognition tag for the degradation of these incompletely synthesized proteins. previous work has identified pseudoknots and stem-loops that are widely conserved i ... | 2001 | 11266563 |
| expression and partial characterization of an elastase from chromobacterium violaceum. | chromobacterium violaceum was recovered at necropsy from the lungs, liver, spleen, and an interscapular abscess of a chinese red panda (strain 98-9187) [j. vet. diagn. invest. 12 (2000) 177]. as the lungs exhibited extensive, necrotizing lesions harboring bacterial aggregates, we sought to determine whether c. violaceum produced an elastase that might in part account for these lesions. the c. violaceum type strain (atcc 12472(t)) and strain 98-9187 were shown to exhibit elastolytic activity by e ... | 2001 | 11278124 |
| detection and characterization of quorum sensing signal molecules in acinetobacter strains. | quorum sensing is a widespread regulatory mechanism among gram-negative bacteria. in this study, acinetobacter strains were assayed for the presence of quorum sensing signal molecules capable of activating n-acylhomoserine lactone biosensors. by using an agrobacterium tumefaciens reporter strain it was shown that all the cultures produced two to four detectable signal molecules with different chromatographic patterns. in a. calcoaceticus bd413 supernatants four compounds were detected in a time- ... | 2001 | 11297357 |
| azithromycin inhibits quorum sensing in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | we report that 2 microg of azithromycin/ml inhibits the quorum-sensing circuitry of pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao1. addition of synthetic autoinducers partially restored the expression of the trancriptional activator-encoding genes lasr and rhlr but not that of the autoinducer synthase-encoding gene lasi. we propose that azithromycin interferes with the synthesis of autoinducers, by an unknown mechanism, leading to a reduction of virulence factor production. | 2001 | 11353657 |
| the luxm homologue vanm from vibrio anguillarum directs the synthesis of n-(3-hydroxyhexanoyl)homoserine lactone and n-hexanoylhomoserine lactone. | vibrio anguillarum, which causes terminal hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, was previously shown to possess a luxri-type quorum-sensing system (vanri) and to produce n-(3-oxodecanoyl)homoserine lactone (3-oxo-c10-hsl). however, a vani null mutant still activated n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) biosensors, indicating the presence of an additional quorum-sensing circuit in v. anguillarum. in this study, we have characterized this second system. using high-pressure liquid chromatography in conjunction ... | 2001 | 11371516 |
| regulation of rpos gene expression in pseudomonas: involvement of a tetr family regulator. | the rpos gene encodes the sigma factor which was identified in several gram-negative bacteria as a central regulator during stationary phase. rpos gene regulation is known to respond to cell density, showing higher expression in stationary phase. for pseudomonas aeruginosa, it has been demonstrated that the cell-density-dependent regulation response known as quorum sensing interacts with this regulatory response. using the rpos promoter of p. putida, we identified a genomic tn5 insertion mutant ... | 2001 | 11371535 |
| biogenic production of cyanide and its application to gold recovery. | chromobacterium violaceum is a cyanogenic (cyanide-producing) microorganism. cyanide is used on an industrial scale to complex and recover gold from ores or concentrates of ores bearing the precious metal. a potentially useful approach in gold mining operations could be to produce cyanide biologically in relatively small quantities at the ore surface. in this study, c. violaceum grown in nutrient broth formed a biofilm and could complex and solubilize 100% of the gold on glass test slides within ... | 2001 | 11420652 |
| quorum sensing in the dimorphic fungus candida albicans is mediated by farnesol. | the inoculum size effect in the dimorphic fungus candida albicans results from production of an extracellular quorum-sensing molecule (qsm). this molecule prevents mycelial development in both a growth morphology assay and a differentiation assay using three chemically distinct triggers for germ tube formation (gtf): l-proline, n-acetylglucosamine, and serum (either pig or fetal bovine). in all cases, the presence of qsm prevents the yeast-to-mycelium conversion, resulting in actively budding ye ... | 2001 | 11425711 |
| reaction of acylated homoserine lactone bacterial signaling molecules with oxidized halogen antimicrobials. | oxidized halogen antimicrobials, such as hypochlorous and hypobromous acids, have been used extensively for microbial control in industrial systems. recent discoveries have shown that acylated homoserine lactone cell-to-cell signaling molecules are important for biofilm formation in pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that biofouling can be controlled by interfering with bacterial cell-to-cell communication. this study was conducted to investigate the potential for oxidized halogens to react with ... | 2001 | 11425738 |
| production of n-acyl homoserine lactones by gram-negative bacteria isolated from contact lens wearers. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the production of n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules in ocular gram-negative bacteria. a total of 91 ocular strains isolated from contact lens adverse response patients and asymptomatic subjects were used in the study. these included acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia liquefaciens, serratia marcescens, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the bi ... | 2001 | 11446456 |
| spider mythology across the world. | 2001 | 11483545 | |
| two similar gene clusters coding for enzymes of a new type of aerobic 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilate) metabolism in the bacterium azoarcus evansii. | in the beta-proteobacterium azoarcus evansii, the aerobic metabolism of 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilate), phenylacetate, and benzoate proceeds via three unprecedented pathways. the pathways have in common that all three substrates are initially activated to coenzyme a (coa) thioesters and further processed in this form. the two initial steps of 2-aminobenzoate metabolism are catalyzed by a 2-aminobenzoate-coa ligase forming 2-aminobenzoyl-coa and by a 2-aminobenzoyl-coa monooxygenase/reductase (ac ... | 2001 | 11514509 |
| identification and characterization of a chitinase antigen from pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 385. | a chitinase antigen has been identified in pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 385 using sera from animals immunized with a whole-cell vaccine. the majority of the activity was shown to be in the cytoplasm, with some activity in the membrane fraction. the chitinase was not secreted into the culture medium. purification of the enzyme was achieved by exploiting its binding to crab shell chitin. the purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 58 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresi ... | 2001 | 11525997 |
| a second quorum-sensing system regulates cell surface properties but not phenazine antibiotic production in pseudomonas aureofaciens. | the root-associated biological control bacterium pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84 produces a range of exoproducts, including protease and phenazines. phenazine antibiotic biosynthesis by phzxyfabcd is regulated in part by the phzr-phzi quorum-sensing system. mutants defective in phzr or phzi produce very low levels of phenazines but wild-type levels of exoprotease. in the present study, a second genomic region of strain 30-84 was identified that, when present in trans, increased beta-galactosidase ... | 2001 | 11526037 |
| antileishmanial activity of the violacein extracted from chromobacterium violaceum. | 2001 | 11533018 | |
| sdia of salmonella enterica is a luxr homolog that detects mixed microbial communities. | proteins of the luxr family detect the presence of n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls) and regulate transcription accordingly. when ahls are synthesized by the same species that detects them, the system allows a bacterium to measure the population density of its own species, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. the sdia genes of escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium are predicted to encode luxr homologs. however, these species do not appear to synthesize ahls or any other mo ... | 2001 | 11544237 |
| violacein biotransformation by basidiomycetes and bacteria. | the biotransformation study of the pigment (violacein) produced by chromobacterium violaceum, was verified by its decolorization utilizing six different organisms in liquid and solid media. | 2001 | 11559408 |
| chromobacterium violaceum: a review of pharmacological and industiral perspectives. | violet-pigmented bacteria, which have been described since the end of the 19th century, are occasionally the causative agent of septicemia and sometimes cause fatal infection in human and animals. bacteria, producing violet colonies due to the production of a nondiffusible pigment violacein, were classified as a redefined genus chromobacterium. chromobacterium violaceum is gram-negative, and saprophyte from soil and water is normally considered nonpathogenic to human, but is an opportunistic pat ... | 2001 | 11596879 |
| the global posttranscriptional regulator rsma modulates production of virulence determinants and n-acylhomoserine lactones in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | posttranscriptional control is known to contribute to the regulation of secondary metabolism and virulence determinants in certain gram-negative bacteria. here we report the isolation of a pseudomonas aeruginosa gene which encodes a global translational regulatory protein, rsma (regulator of secondary metabolites). overexpression of rsma resulted in a substantial reduction in the levels of extracellular products, including protease, elastase, and staphylolytic (lasa protease) activity as well as ... | 2001 | 11673439 |