Publications

microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis in children.	to determine the bacteriologic cause of acute sinusitis, a sample of sinus secretions must be obtained from one of the paranasal sinuses without contamination by normal respiratory or oral flora that colonize mucosal surfaces. when maxillary sinus aspiration is performed on children who have signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis, bacteria are recovered in high density from 70%. in patients with acute, subacute, or chronic sinusitis who are generally well except for persistent respiratory symptom ...	1992	1527336
the microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the university of virginia and review of other selected studies.	pretreatment sinus puncture was performed on 339 patients with acute community-acquired sinusitis (acas) between 1975 and 1990. bacterial species recovered in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) from 383 sinus aspirates included streptococcus pneumoniae, 92 (41%); haemophilus influenzae, 79 (35%); anaerobes, 17 (7%); streptococcal species, 16 (7%); moraxella catarrhalis, 8 (4%); staphylococcus aureus, 7 (33%); and other, 8 (4%). viruses (rhinovir ...	1992	1527337
antimicrobial therapy of pediatric patients with sinusitis.	the mainstay of medical therapy for acute and subacute sinusitis is the selection of an antimicrobial agent based on an appreciation of the usual bacterial pathogens that include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. amoxicillin is appropriate therapy for patients with uncomplicated sinusitis in geographic areas in which the prevalence of beta-lactamase-producing pathogens is less than 20%. if a patient does not respond to amoxicillin or in areas in which t ...	1992	1527339
pulmonary clearance of moraxella catarrhalis in an animal model.	the virulence mechanisms of moraxella catarrhalis that are involved in producing pulmonary infection are unknown. a well-characterized murine model was used to study the pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis and analyze the histopathologic changes and the role of phagocytic cells in the infected lungs. ten strains of m. catarrhalis from various isolation sites were evaluated for their ability to resist pulmonary clearance. the rates of clearance of these strains, based on the percentage of the o ...	1992	1532405
[detection of gonococcal antigens by staphylococcus protein a (spa) coagglutination assay].	gonococcal coagglutination assay reagent was produced on the basis of a spa absorbent of specific antibody against neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains. using this reagent, the assay could detect a minimum bacterial concentration of 10(6) cfu/ml. no crossreactivity was found with bacteria such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, branhamella catarrhalis, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and neisseria meningitidis. fifty-five neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from pat ...	1992	1535561
regulation of aspartate carbamoyltransferase in neisseria and branhamella species.	the regulatory characteristics of aspartate carbamoyltransferase (actase ec 2.1.3.2) from various species of neisseria and branhamella have been compared. great differences in the regulatory nature of the enzymes were observed. atp and gtp were positive effectors in neisseria meningitidis, n. gonorrhoeae and nine other coccal "true neisseriae" species. in four "false neisseriae" species, including branhamella catarrhalis, no stimulating effect of atp or gtp was observed. the rod-shaped n. elonga ...	1992	1536720
comparative activity of meropenem (sm-7338) against major respiratory pathogens and amikacin-resistant nosocomial isolates.	meropenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens including moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. minimal inhibitory concentrations of meropenem for moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates were frequently less than those of imipenem. for nosocomial amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli, meropenem had eightfold lower mic90 values compared to imipenem against ...	1992	1563388
bacteremia and septic arthritis caused by moraxella catarrhalis.		1992	1571459
abundant attachment of bacteria to nasopharyngeal epithelium in otitis-prone children.	attachment of bacteria to nonciliated cells of the nasopharyngeal epithelium was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay in 25 otitis-prone and 25 non-otitis-prone children undergoing ear, nose, or throat surgery under general anesthesia. the bacterial findings were analyzed simultaneously, both qualitatively and quantitatively. in otitis-prone children, there was a significant preponderance of epithelial cells having greater than 50 attached bacteria (p less than .001) and of epithelial cells wit ...	1992	1583337
production of betalactamase by respiratory tract bacteria in children: relationship to antibiotic use.	sales of antibiotics have increased in sweden during the past decade. this has been paralleled by an increase in the frequency of beta-lactamase-producing respiratory tract bacteria. to investigate the effects of regional differences in use of antibiotics on beta-lactamase production in respiratory tract bacteria, we collected nasopharyngeal specimens and information about antibiotic use from 1133 children attending day-care centres in four rural municipalities with low use, and one urban munici ...	1992	1589657
in vitro evaluation of ro 09-1227, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin.	ro 09-1227 is a novel 7-position catechol-substituted parenteral cephalosporin that also has a 3-position radical similar to previously described cephems. the ro 09-1227 spectrum was slightly wider than that of ceftazidime against members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested, principally because of greater activity against species producing richmond-sykes type i beta-lactamases. ro 09-1227 was also more active than ceftazidime against some strains producing extended-spectrum plasmid-encoded b ...	1992	1590695
permeability of the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis for beta-lactam antibiotics.	the susceptibility of ten clinical isolates and a standard reference strain, atcc25238, of moraxella catarrhalis to 22 beta-lactam antibiotics was examined and compared with that of escherichia coli strain b. all the strains of m. catarrhalis tested, especially the non beta-lactamase-producing strain atcc25238, were more susceptible to a rang of structurally unrelated beta-lactam antibiotics, including small mr carbapenems, than e. coli b. the permeability of the m. catarrhalis outer membrane to ...	1992	1592697
loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion.	the efficacy and safety of loracarbef, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was compared with that of amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. a double-blind format was utilized to administer 10-day, randomized, parallel treatment regimens to patients who were between 6 months and 12 years of age. the most prevalent causative pathogens found in the two treatment groups were streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella (branhame ...	1992	1593361
moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia in adults: two cases and review of the literature.	moraxella (formerly branhamella) catarrhalis is a gram-negative coccus now recognized as one of the common pathogens in respiratory infections. documented cases of bacteremic pneumonia due to this organism, however, have been a rarity. two cases of moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia in immunosuppressed adult patients are reported. the clinical characteristics of these patients together with those of the seven adult and the six pediatric patients reported to date in the literature, are an ...	1992	1597200
loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute purulent bacterial bronchitis.	in this single-blind study, 488 patients with acute bronchitis were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate three times daily for seven days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 98 patients treated with loracarbef and in 99 treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate in whom pretreatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptible to both study drugs were found. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarr ...	1992	1611641
loracarbef (ly163892) versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.	in this single-blind study, 579 patients with chronic bronchitis were randomly assigned to receive 400 mg of loracarbef twice daily or 500/125 mg of amoxicillin/clavulanate thrice daily for seven days. treatment efficacy was evaluated in 129 of the loracarbef-treated patients and 120 amoxicillin/clavulanate-treated patients in whom pretreatment positive cultures of pathogens susceptible to both antibiotics were isolated. three organisms predominated in either pure or mixed cultures in 57.0% of t ...	1992	1611645
further antigenic similarities of neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharides and human glycosphingolipids.	anticarbohydrate monoclonal antibodies were tested for their ability to bind to various strains of neisseria. a monoclonal antibody that binds to the ganglio-series glycosphingolipid, ganglio-n-triaosylceramide, also bound to strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae but not to other species of neisseria. an antibody specific for the globo-series glycosphingolipid, globotriaosylceramide, also bound to strains of n. gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, neisseria lactamica, and branhamella catarrhalis but ...	1992	1612771
[a study on in vitro antibacterial activity and clinical usefulness in respiratory tract infections of panipenem/betamipron, a newly synthesized carbapenem antibiotic].	panipenem/betamipron (papm/bp) is a combination drug of papm, a new parenteral carbapenem antibiotic and bp, an amino acid derivative at a weight ratio of 1:1. its in vitro antibacterial activities against clinically isolated respiratory pathogenic bacteria were determined. it was superior to imipenem (ipm) in the in vitro antibacterial activities against haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, staphylococcus aureus including mrsa, klebsiella pneumoniae, serr ...	1992	1613967
review of the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin.	cefprozil is a newer oral cephalosporin with a spectrum of activity against organisms that include gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. a review of published data shows that cefprozil is active (susceptibility, less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml; moderate susceptibility, 16 micrograms/ml; resistance, greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) against gram-positive species such as streptococci, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, and listeria monocytogenes; it may have marginal activi ...	1992	1617037
comparison of cefprozil with other antibiotic regimens in the treatment of children with acute otitis media.	in two randomized clinical trials in children with otitis media, the efficacy and safety of cefprozil are compared to those of amoxicillin/clavulanate (n = 530) and of cefaclor and cefixime (n = 394). the rate of clinical cure or improvement was similar among patients receiving each drug regimen, ranging from 78% for amoxicillin/clavulanate to 89% for cefaclor; for cefprozil, this rate was 84% and 85% in the two studies, respectively. in the first study, cefprozil was superior to amoxicillin/cla ...	1992	1617039
criteria for evaluation of antimicrobial agents and current therapies for acute sinusitis in children.	acute sinusitis is a common complication of upper respiratory tract infections in children. the primary causative bacteria are haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci. concurrent viral infection may confound interpretation of the clinical response to antimicrobial treatment. first-line antimicrobial treatment is usually with amoxicillin. the increase in frequency of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in some ...	1992	1617040
in vitro activity of roxithromycin against moraxella catarrhalis.	the in vitro activity of roxithromycin was compared with that of the other antimicrobial agents (erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and cotrimoxazole) against 188 distinct clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. of these, 106 strains (66%) produced beta-lactamase. the mic90 of roxithromycin was 0.25 micrograms/ml compared with values of 0.5, 1, greater than 8, greater than 8:0.4 micrograms/ml for erythromycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively. th ...	1992	1617926
a randomized double-blind controlled trial of roxithromycin and cefaclor in the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections in general practice.	a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, single-dummy placebo-controlled study is being undertaken by the research unit of the royal new zealand college of general practitioners to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 150 mg twice daily roxithromycin with 250 mg three times daily cefaclor in the treatment of 250 general practice patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). interim analysis of 200 patients reveals no statistically significant differences in the study parameter ...	1992	1617932
antibacterial activity of cefixime against streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and haemophilus influenzae in the presence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	we measured the sizes of the inhibition zones of oral beta-lactam antibiotics for streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and haemophilus influenzae in the presence of beta-lactamase-producing-moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis by the agar double-layer method. the sizes of the zones of amoxicillin for s. pneumoniae alone were the largest, followed in a descending order by those of cefixime and cefaclor. in the presence of 10(7) cfu/ml of m.(b.) catarrhalis, however, significant reducti ...	1992	1618001
in vitro activity of a new broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral cephalosporin, cefixime, in comparison with other drugs, against haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus parainfluenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae.	cefixime, a new orally absorbed iminomethoxyaminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was tested against some microorganisms involved in upper and lower respiratory tract infections such as haemophilus (influenzae and parainfluenzae), moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae, isolated in the period from november 1990 to april 1991. its activity was compared to nine other antimicrobial agents: erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, ceftazidime, c ...	1992	1618002
killing rate and growth rate comparison for newer beta-lactamase-stable oral beta-lactams against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis.	a new method of data presentation that takes into account the relationship between growth and killing rate was used to evaluate the comparative in vitro bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, cefixime and an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination against streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. for each strain, the viable count decrease (log cfu/ml) after 6 h of exposure to different antibiotic concentrations w ...	1992	1618006
acute bronchitis: results of u.s. and european trials of antibiotic therapy.	acute bronchitis, an illness frequently encountered by primary-care physicians, is an inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree that results from a respiratory tract infection. it is characterized by persistent cough and sputum production and is occasionally accompanied by fever and/or chest pain. acute bronchitis may have a viral or bacterial origin and is often treated with antibiotics. four clinical trials were conducted to compare high and low doses of loracarbef, a new oral beta-lactam anti ...	1992	1621745
in vitro activity of loracarbef and effects of susceptibility test methods.	loracarbef is a new oral antimicrobial of the carbacephem class with in vitro activity against the common pathogens associated with skin infections, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchopulmonary infections, and urinary tract infections. a review of the literature shows the following ranges for 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) values (microgram/ml) against the organisms that commonly cause these illnesses: streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.25-2.0; moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis (beta-lacta ...	1992	1621748
bactericidal titers of loracarbef (ly 163892) in serum and killing rates in volunteers receiving 400 versus 200 milligrams.	in a randomized crossover trial, six volunteers received 200- and 400-mg doses of loracarbef (ly 163892), a new oral cephalosporin. mean +/- standard error of the mean concentrations in serum obtained after 1.5 and 3 h were 13.2 +/- 2.8 and 4.3 +/- 0.7 mg/liter, respectively, after the 400-mg dose and 6.9 +/- 1.0 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 mg/liter, respectively, after the 200-mg dose. bactericidal reciprocal titers measured against respiratory pathogens in serum suggested that loracarbef would be highly e ...	1992	1622160
rapid method for differentiating strains of branhamella catarrhalis.	the ability of branhamella catarrhalis to cause nosocomial infections is a matter of some controversy. the api zym research kit for detecting 89 enzymes was used on 49 isolates of b catarrhalis to select enzymes of potential use in differentiating clinical isolates. twenty nine enzymes were produced by all isolates (13 strongly positive) and many of these were esterases; 16 enzymes were not detected in any isolate (40 if a more stringent criterion was used). twenty enzymes were selected to form ...	1992	1624604
characterisation of hospital isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis by sds-page of whole-cell proteins, immunoblotting and restriction-endonuclease analysis.	sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole-cell proteins (wcp), immunoblot analysis and dna restriction-endonuclease analysis (rea) were applied as potential typing methods to 31 clinically significant strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, five of which came from a suspected outbreak of nosocomial infection in a respiratory-diseases ward. twelve of 31 isolates were placed in four groups, each of which contained strains indistinguishable by the three ...	1992	1625319
branhamella catarrhalis respiratory infections.	branhamella catarrhalis is an aerobic gram-negative diplococcus. it has been traditionally regarded as an oropharyngeal commensal and until recently was only identified as a pathogen in cases of bronchopulmonary infections. the aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of the respiratory infections caused by b. catarrhalis and to know the antibiotic susceptibility of this microorganism. we retrospectively studied 32 lower respiratory tract infections, caused by b. catarrhalis (20 case ...	1992	1628725
[clinical study of respiratory infection due to branhamella catarrhalis using transtracheal aspiration].	we clinically investigated 40 cases of respiratory infection due to b. catarrhalis by transtracheal aspiration (tta). the cases consisted of acute bronchitis (13 cases), pneumonia (14 cases), and chronic lower respiratory tract infection (13 cases). the infection was monomicrobial in 17 cases and polymicrobial in 23 cases with respect to the organisms isolated from tta. the principal organisms isolated in combination with b. catarrhalis in cases of polymicrobial infection were s. pneumoniae and ...	1992	1630054
amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy of respiratory tract infections: a microbiologic perspective.	the development of beta-lactamase-producing strains of the common respiratory tract pathogens hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis has caused increasing resistance to a number of antimicrobial agents, including ampicillin and amoxicillin, that are traditionally used to treat respiratory tract infections. because antimicrobial therapy for upper and lower respiratory tract infections is usually empiric, an understanding of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and its implications for anti ...	1992	1638583
[isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in a case of postoperative mediastinitis].		1992	1643138
the in-vitro activity of temafloxacin compared with other antimicrobial agents.	temafloxacin, like other 4-quinolones, was highly active against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin but approximately as active as ofloxacin and enoxacin. it was the most active of the quinolones against acinetobacter spp. and xanthomonas maltophilia but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against pseudomonas spp. temafloxacin was highly active against haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and neisseria gonorrhoeae and was the most ...	1991	1657855
in-vitro activity of win 57273 compared to the activity of other fluoroquinolones and two beta-lactam antibiotics.	win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone, was four to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. the mic90 for staphylococcus aureus was 0.015 mg/l and for s. epidermidis, 0.03 mg/l. all lancefield group a, b, c, & g streptococci, streptococcus bovis and s. pneumoniae were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.06 mg/l compared to 0.5 mg/l for tosufloxacin and 2 mg/l for ciprofloxacin. for anaerobic bacteria win 57273 had an mic90 for bacteroides of 1 mg/l, and f ...	1991	1657856
spectrum of activity of azithromycin.	in recent years, a number of newer macrolides have been developed. one such antibiotic is azithromycin, which has a 15-membered ring structure and is classed as an azalide. the limitations of erythromycin and the discovery of pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter, legionella and chlamydia species provide incentives to study the usefulness of newer antibiotics of this class. azithromycin has good activity against staphylococci, streptococci, moraxella catarrhalis and other rapidly growing pyo ...	1991	1662624
in vitro activity of temafloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: an overview.	the in vitro activities of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria are compared. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic90s) of temafloxacin for respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, bordetella pertussis, and legionella pneumophila are less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. temafloxacin is also active against bacterial agents of sexually transmitted diseases, including neisseria gonorrhoeae ...	1991	1662890
the in-vitro activity of tosufloxacin, a new fluorinated quinolone, compared with that of ciprofloxacin and temafloxacin.	tosufloxacin was highly active in vitro against most isolates of enterobacteriaceae. it was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin for most species but more active than temafloxacin. it was the most active agent against acinetobacter spp., xanthomonas maltophilia and some pseudomonas spp. but was slightly less active than ciprofloxacin against the fluorescent pseudomonads. tosufloxacin was highly active against strains of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and ...	1991	1663930
the role of temafloxacin in the community setting: an overview.	the use of new quinolones has become established therapy for many community infections including urinary tract infection, genital infection, soft tissue infection and some forms of lower respiratory tract infection. however, there has been an undercurrent of anxiety concerning their efficacy in pneumococcal infections. temafloxacin has improved activity against pneumococci and its high oral bioavailability and excellent penetration into respiratory tissues now combine to provide a suitable profi ...	1991	1664825
in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140, and pd 131501). a quinolone with high activity against gram-positive bacteria.	sparfloxacin (ci-978, at-4140 and pd 131501) is a new antimicrobial agent of the piperazinyl quinolone class. relative to other quinolones, it is a potent antistaphylococcal and antistreptococcal drug in vitro: the microbroth 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) (in microgram/ml) was 0.25 vs 26 methicillin-resistant and -sensitive coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci and 20 streptococcus pneumoniae; 0.5 vs 20 strains each of s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, and enterococcus faecalis ...	1991	1665775
the role of branhamella catarrhalis in the "bloody-nose syndrome" of cynomolgus macaques.	during a 15-month period, 25 cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) at the johns hopkins university were observed to have nasal discharge. fifteen (60%) of these animals had positive nasal cultures for branhamella catarrhalis. clinical signs associated with infection by this bacterium were sneezing, epistaxis, and mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge. treatment with antibiotics resulted in prompt resolution of clinical signs. post-therapeutic nasal cultures were negative for b. catarrhalis. two gr ...	1991	1666136
[multicenter study of the rosco-neisseria system for the identification of pathogenic neisserias and branhamella catarrhalis].	the commercial rosco-neisseria system was evaluated in the identification of 228 oxidase-positive gram-negative diplococci and it was compared with conventional tests. the procedure detects gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase, onpg, tributyrin hydrolysis, and sensitivity to the disk of 10 micrograms of colistin. a correct identification was obtained in the 65 strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae, the 33 of n. meningitidis, the 12 of n. lactamica, and the 56 of b. catarrhalis. the method was also able to d ...	1991	1677275
restriction enzyme analysis of chromosomal dna and its application in epidemiological studies.	the ability to examine the bacterial genome directly eliminates the problems associated with the variable expression of proteins which may be encountered with protein-based typing or 'fingerprinting' techniques. bacterial dna is extracted by a rapid method, digested with a restriction endonuclease and the resulting fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to give a characteristic banding pattern. the choice of restriction endonuclease for a particular bacterial species is critical; an enzyme w ...	1991	1679812
a comparison of the in-vitro activity of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, with erythromycin and other oral agents.	on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentrations clarithromycin (6-o-methylerythromycin), a new macrolide, was found to be slightly more active than erythromycin against staphylococcus aureus, enterococci. moraxella catarrhalis, gardnerella vaginalis, bacteroides fragilis (sensu stricto) and b. ureolyticus and slightly less active against coagulase-negative staphylococci, alpha- and beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae, campylobacter coli/jejuni and the b. melaninogenicus/oralis ...	1991	1684981
mechanism of adherence of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	we examined the mechanisms of adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. fimbriae were detected by electron microscopy on most of the strains studied. a role of fimbriae in adherence was supported by the reduction in adherence by treatments denaturing the fimbriae or by antifimbrial antibodies. there was, however, no significant difference in adhesive capacity or hemagglutination between fimbriated and non-fimbriated strains. furthermore, there was no correlation betw ...	1991	1685025
receptors for human plasminogen on gram-negative bacteria.	a total of 188 strains representing 11 species of gram-negative bacteria were examined for the ability to interact with human plasminogen. highly purified human plasminogen was labeled with 125i, and its uptake by different bacterial strains was measured. all 14 strains of haemophilus influenzae and all 13 strains of branhamella catarrhalis tested were positive with respect to plasminogen uptake. also, eight species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were tested, and of those, proteus mi ...	1990	1688419
studies of the outer membrane proteins of branhamella catarrhalis.	branhamella catarrhalis has emerged as an important human pathogen in the past several years. therefore, studies of the outer membrane have been undertaken in order to identify virulence factors and begin to understand the immune response to infection.	1990	1692665
on the proteolytic activity of contact lenses and bacteria.	contact lens wear (clw) has been shown to cause an elevation in tear fluid (tf) plasmin levels. this study investigated whether the proteolytic activity assayed by a caseinolytic technique was also bound by cls and whether certain bacterial species contribute to the production of plasmin. cls worn by patients with corneal disease showed proteolytic activity in five out of nine cases when examined on casein agar. histological and electron microscopic examination of the lenses revealed bacterial a ...	1990	1699389
fulminant branhamella catarrhalis tracheitis.	branhamella catarrhalis, a well known commensal of the normal respiratory flora, is being increasingly implicated as an aetiological agent in various acute respiratory and non-respiratory infections. b. catarrhalis has demonstrated a particular predilection for turning pathogenic in the immunocompromised host. bacterial tracheitis, presenting as an acute airway obstruction, is commonly caused by staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae. the unusual occurrence of a fulminant b. catarrhali ...	1990	1699488
branhamella catarrhalis: antigenic determinants and the development of the igg subclass response in childhood.	a recently developed whole cell elisa was used to investigate the development of igg subclass antibodies to branhamella catarrhalis in childhood. in addition, sds-page and immunoblotting were used to study the interaction between the outer membrane proteins (omps) of b. catarrhalis and igg subclass antibodies. specific igg3 antibodies were undetectable or present only in low amounts in children less than 4 years old but were an important constituent of the response of older children. omps prepar ...	1990	1700025
interpretation of gram-stained sputa containing moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis.	sputum specimens culture positive for moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were gram stained with three decolorizer solutions (slow, 95% ethyl alcohol; intermediate, 1:1 ratio of 95% ethyl alcohol and acetone; and fast, acetone alone) for 5, 10, 20, and 30 s. optimal results were obtained with acetone alone after 10 s or with a 1:1 mixture of acetone and ethanol after 20 s. inadequate decolorization of m. catarrhalis in sputa is likely if the decolorization solution and exposure time are not opti ...	1990	1701446
bronchial hyperresponsiveness and bacterial respiratory infections.	some studies suggest a potential role for bacterial respiratory tract infections in the development of bronchospasm and the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). patients with bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis have exaggerated airway reactivity; croup in children can also cause exaggerated upper and lower airway responsiveness. bronchial obstruction after inhalation of haemophilus influenzae and other bacteria has been reported. between january 1989 and june 1990 we and tw ...	1991	1709390
possible presence of a capsule in branhamella catarrhalis.	clinical isolates of branhamella catarrhalis from patients with respiratory infections were used in this study. electron microscopic observation after treating branhamella catarrhalis with immune serum and ruthenium red revealed the capsule. in the phagocytosis test, most organisms were not ingested by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the presence of normal rabbit serum (nrs), while organisms were primarily cell associated and apparently ingested in the presence of immunized rabbit serum ( ...	1991	1719358
histidine decarboxylases from bacteria that colonise the human respiratory tract.	we investigated whether production of histamine by bacteria isolated from sputum of patients with infective lung diseases could be attributed to the presence of histidine decarboxylase (hd). twenty gram-positive and 20 gram-negative organisms were studied for their ability to decarboxylate 14c-histidine in vitro over the ph range 4.5-7.5. of the bacteria investigated, lysates from the gram-negative species haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis and pseudom ...	1991	1721655
the use of oral antibiotics in daily clinical practice.	in the treatment of infectious diseases in daily clinical practice, the physician is faced with a wide choice of antibiotics. rational antibiotic use requires knowledge of the pathogens causing disease at that site, and the prevalence of resistance. in outpatient respiratory tract infection, for example, 3 pathogens, branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, predominate, beta-lactamase production by the first 2 is a significant factor in antibiotic ...	1991	1725147
direct and indirect pathogenicity of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in respiratory tract infection in children. role of cephalosporins resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis.	a recent increase in the incidence of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in upper respiratory tract infection has been associated with an increase in the failure rate of penicillin treatment of these infections. experimental evidence for this correlation has been reported by many investigators, who have described the sheltering of susceptible pathogens by beta-lactamase-producing organisms as 'indirect pathogenicity'. the organisms implicated in mixed infections that coopera ...	1991	1725149
clinical efficacy and tolerability of cefixime in the treatment of acute sinusitis.	in a noncomparative trial, 73 adults with acute sinusitis confirmed by x-ray received cefixime 400mg once daily for approximately 10 days. at the end of treatment, 60 patients (82%) were cured, 2 (2.7%) had improved and 7 (9.6%) had failed therapy; 4 patients were not evaluable. no relapses were observed at follow-up. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis were the main pretreatment pathogens, accounting for 65% of all bacterial isolates. overall ...	1991	1725150
cefpodoxime proxetil in upper respiratory tract infections.	cefpodoxime proxetil is a new third generation oral cephalosporin, which shows potent antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and high stability in the presence of beta-lactamases. low concentrations of cefpodoxime inhibit most respiratory pathogens, including haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. cefpodoxime reaches concentrations of 0.24 +/- 0.06 mg/kg in tonsils, 0.89 +/- 0.80 mg/kg in lung parenchyma, ...	1991	1726205
cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.	cefpodoxime proxetil is the orally absorbed ester of cefpodoxime, a new third generation cephalosporin. in the gastrointestinal tract, cefpodoxime proxetil is hydrolysed to cefpodoxime, which has potent antibacterial activity against the major bacterial pathogens involved in lower respiratory tract infections: haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), and streptococcus pneumoniae (including amoxicillin-resistant strains). six random ...	1991	1726206
effect of prior antibiotic treatment on middle ear disease in children.	the effect of prior antibiotic treatment on the course of otitis media was assessed in a group of 62 children who experienced 83 episodes of ear infection during 3 years of observation. bacterial quantitation in middle ear fluids demonstrated a significantly higher colony count in symptomatic children (3.9 x 10(4) +/- 12 bacteria per milliliter) compared to asymptomatic children (6.3 x 10(3) +/- 10 bacteria per milliliter; p = .05). bacterial counts similarly tended to be higher in children with ...	1992	1728891
sinusitis in infants and children.	the major clinical problem in considering a diagnosis of sinusitis is differentiating uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection from a secondary bacterial infection of the paranasal sinuses that may benefit from antimicrobial therapy. a diagnosis of sinusitis is suggested by presentation with protracted upper respiratory tract symptoms or a cold that is more severe than usual with fever and purulent nasal discharge. confirmatory tests of sinus disease are transillumination (useful in adole ...	1992	1728898
pneumonia. patient profiles, choice of empiric therapy, and the place of third-generation cephalosporins.	choosing appropriate antimicrobial therapy for patients with pneumonia requires knowledge of the etiologic agents seen in specific kinds of patients at specific times and places. for community-acquired pneumonia, there is an important difference in the agents seen in the normal and the compromised host. the normal host most often presents with viral, mycoplasmal, or pneumococcal pneumonia. the exact place of chlamydia pneumoniae is still under study. a normal host who aspirates is at risk of ana ...	1992	1730186
treatment of exacerbations of copd.	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) affects approximately 14 million americans. treatment of copd includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics. the most common bacterial isolates during exacerbations of copd are haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis.	1992	1739053
in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins.	the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ...	1991	1748124
in vitro activity of cefcanel versus other oral cephalosporins.	cefcanel is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. its activity was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefixime against gram-positive and negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefcanel had excellent activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, mic90 1 micrograms/ml, superior to the other oral cephalosporins. however, methicillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant, mic greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. strept ...	1991	1748125
fluoroquinolones in respiratory infections.	the fluoroquinolones have excellent activity against a number of respiratory pathogens, especially gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase-producing hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. several studies have shown ciprofloxacin to be effective in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, some community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. the fluoroquinolones have less activity against ...	1991	1754733
pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in infants and children.	the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil suspension in 28 infants and children, ranging in age from 3 months to 12 years (mean, 23 months), were studied. mean maximum serum cefuroxime concentrations of 3.3, 5.1, and 7.0 micrograms/ml were achieved 3.6, 2.7, and 3.1 h after the administration of doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg, respectively, of cefuroxime axetil suspension per kg of body weight together with milk or milk formula. these concentrations exceed the mics for common respiratory tract patho ...	1991	1759825
tgf-beta 1 induces germ-line transcripts of both iga subclasses in human b lymphocytes.	immunoglobulin (ig) class switching appears to be preceded by induction of germ-line transcripts. in this report, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) induces germ-line transcripts of both the iga subclasses (iga1 and iga2) in branhamella catarrhalis (bc)-activated human spleen b cells. two germ-line bands, one of approximately 1.85 kb and the other of approximately 1.6 kb, could be seen in cultures treated with tgf-beta. the approximately 1.85 kb band contains mrna for ...	1991	1760405
structure of tgf-beta 1-induced human immunoglobulin c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 germ-line transcripts.	we have characterized the structure of the human immunoglobulin c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 germ-line transcripts that are synthesized upon treatment of human b lymphocytes with branhamella catarrhalis (a b cell mitogen) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-beta 1). these transcripts initiate upstream of the switch alpha 1 and switch alpha 2 regions and contain, together with the c alpha 1 and c alpha 2 sequences, additional exons designated according to the generally accepted nomenclature i a ...	1991	1760406
ceftibuten versus cefaclor for the treatment of bronchitis.	ceftibuten is an oral third generation cephalosporin with potent antimicrobial activity against enterobacteriaceae, beta-lactamase positive haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, neisseria gonorrheae, penicillin-susceptible pneumococci, and beta-hemolytic streptococci. to study the efficacy and safety of ceftibuten for treatment of bronchitis, 58 patients were randomized to therapy with either ceftibuten 400 mg once a day or cefaclor 250 mg every 8 h at a ratio of ...	1991	1761452
treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: state of the art.	effective treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abe) reduces the number of such exacerbations in such patients and may decrease or eliminate background symptoms and improve pulmonary function. the pathologic and physiologic abnormalities of the bronchial system in chronic bronchitis that predispose to bacterial infection probably include impaired mucociliary clearance, obstructed bronchioles, and bacterial infections of the bronchial epithelium. exacerbations of bronc ...	1991	1767808
cefixime shows good effects on group a and group b beta-haemolytic streptococci.	there is continued interest in the development of oral beta-lactam compounds, which can be used clinically to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci. cefixime is a new orally active cephalosporin, with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, including enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus pyogenes. cefixime is highly resistant to hydrolysis by most beta-lactamases. ...	1991	1769318
antimicrobial treatment of sinusitis.	sinusitis is a common disease. most cases of acute sinusitis involve the maxillary sinus and occur after viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. the usual pathogens are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is also an important pathogen in children. anaerobic infections are more common in chronic sinusitis. fungi are frequently observed in granulocytopenic cancer patients but also can occur in apparently normal hosts. many strains of h ...	1991	1771306
antimicrobial treatment of otitis media.	the major pathogens causing acute otitis media (aom) are streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae, with moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pyogenes, and staphylococcus aureus less frequently isolated. the same organisms and staphylococcus epidermidis are found in chronic otitis media with effusion. in chronic suppurative otitis media, pseudomonas aeruginosa and s aureus are most frequently found. antimicrobial agents found to be most effective in treating aom are amoxicillin, trimet ...	1991	1771307
branhamella catarrhalis colonization of exposed nylon sutures.	a 63-year-old man who had uncomplicated cataract surgery four years previously complained of having redness, blurred vision, and photophobia in his right eye for one week. examination revealed numerous exposed nylon sutures with peculiar leaf-like, white deposits surrounding them, associated with underlying conjunctival leukocytic infiltration. smears of the adherent material showed gram-negative diplococci and cultures produced heavy growth of branhamella catarrhalis. removal of the offending s ...	1991	1774658
the in-vitro activity of cefdinir (fk482), a new oral cephalosporin.	the in-vitro activity of cefdinir (fk482), an orally absorbed aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin, cefaclor and co-amoxiclav. cefdinir was highly active against staphylococcus aureus, inhibiting 90% of strains at 0.03 mg/l. the respiratory pathogens haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis were also susceptible (mic90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l). the common members of the enterobacteriaceae were susceptible ...	1991	1778855
antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated in the uk from sputa.	four hundred and thirty-one streptococcus pneumoniae, 1272 haemophilus influenzae and 305 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were isolated from sputa and identified in 28 uk laboratories during a ten week period in 1990. disc diffusion susceptibility testing was performed in each centre using identical methods. species-specific susceptibility breakpoints applied to data for six antimicrobial agents were determined from the distribution of isolates according to zone diameters of inhibition measu ...	1991	1778856
recognition of a new branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactamase--bro-3.		1991	1778881
antibacterial activity of ceftibuten, a new oral third generation cephalosporin.	ceftibuten, a new oral third generation cephalosporin, was found to be the most active beta-lactam drug tested against members of the enterobacteriaceae, inhibiting most strains at less than 4 micrograms/ml. all isolates of branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria spp. were highly susceptible to ceftibuten. penicillin-sensitive pneumococci and pathogenic beta-hemolitic streptococci were also killed by ceftibuten. the antibacterial activity of this new drug, which results in ...	1991	1779255
cefaclor in the treatment of infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in cigarette smokers.	there is a direct correlation between number of cigarettes smoked and the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection in humans. in studies with smokers suffering from exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, the most common bacterial pathogens found were haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and branhamella catarrhalis. antibiotics should be effective against such possible pathogens. cefaclor has demonstrated in vitro activity against all these pathogens. we des ...	1991	1779259
ampicillin/sulbactam in lower respiratory tract infections: a review.	the pathophysiology and microbiology of lower respiratory tract infections are outlined and diagnostic and therapeutic problems considered. the use of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of these infections is evaluated. the two drugs have similar pharmacokinetic characteristics; predictable and dose-dependent peak serum concentrations of both agents are achieved after parenteral administration. more than 90% of strains of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, k ...	1991	1790546
[perspective: new pathogens: branhamella catarrhalis, capnocytophaga turleri, corynebacterium group jk].	branhamella catarrhalis is an important pathogen of upper and lower respiratory tract. according to findings in literature, it mostly causes bronchopulmonary infections. capnocytophaga is a newly recognized genus of the gram negative bacilli. in various reports, it has been recognized that capnocytophaga mostly causes sepsis. bacteria of corynebacterium group jk (cjk) cause many important local infections and sepsis.	1991	1795663
in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin me-1206 compared with other agents.	the in vitro activity of me-1206, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that can be orally absorbed when converted to an ester, was compared with that of other beta-lactams. me-1206 inhibited 50% of the enterobacteriaceae at 2 micrograms/ml, similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefixime. it did not inhibit, mic greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and it was less active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime aga ...	1991	1797456
in vitro activity evaluations of cefdinir (fk482, ci-983, and pd134393). a novel orally administered cephalosporin.	cefdinir, a so-called third-generation oral cephalosporin was tested in vitro against over 700 pathogens from patients with bacteremia. cefdinir was very active against the enterobacteriaceae with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic50) value range of less than or equal to 0.03-8 micrograms/ml. the enteric species having the highest mic90s (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) were citrobacter freundii, and the enterobacters, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marce ...	1991	1797457
[susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates].	we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ...	1991	1798067
beta-lactamase production in branhamella catarrhalis isolated from lower respiratory tract secretions in danish children: an increasing problem.	findings in specimens from the lower respiratory tract of children were reviewed retrospectively in order to assess the rate of branhamella catarrhalis and beta-lactamase production. b. catarrhalis was isolated in 139 of 756 samples (18.4%) in 1986 and 211 of 723 samples (29.2%) in 1989. beta-lactamase production was found in 55.6% of b. catarrhalis strains in 1986 and 80.1% in 1989 (p less than 0.001). prevalence of beta-lactamase in b. catarrhalis has now reached the same level in europe as in ...	1991	1800371
antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, loracarbef, cefprozil, bay 3522, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefadroxil.	the new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten demonstrate enhanced activity against enterobacteriaceae susceptible to the established compounds as well (e.g. cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil). in addition, cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten include in their spectrum species hitherto resistant to oral cephalosporins (proteus vulgaris, providencia spp., yersinia enterocolitica). besides, the majority of these compounds demonstrate rele ...	1991	1800377
cefpodoxime: comparative antibacterial activity, influence of growth conditions, and bactericidal activity.	the antimicrobial activity of cefpodoxime, the active metabolite of the new cephalosporin ester cefpodoxime proxetil, in comparison to cefixime, cefotiam, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was determined against a broad spectrum of freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. cefpodoxime was demonstrated to be inhibitory at concentrations of less than or equal to 1 mg/l against 90% of strains of moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli (beta-lactamase- nega ...	1991	1800379
branhamella catarrhalis and respiratory tract infections.	branhamella catarrhalis, a gram negative diplococci, is gaining increasing recognition as a respiratory pathogen. in this study 40 sputum samples were collected from patients with acute or chronic lower respiratory tract infections and 15 samples from healthy controls. each sample was examined for the isolation and identification of b. catarrhalis and other respiratory pathogens. from the control group 3 strains of b. catarrhalis were encountered: two of these were of low number in the collected ...	1991	1800627
in vitro activity of ru29246. the metabolite of a new hr916 cephalosporin ester.	compound ru29246 (ru) is the active metabolite of an orally absorpted cephalosporin ester hr916. the ru spectrum of activity includes the majority of enterobacteriaceae species, haemophilus influenzae, pathogenic neisseria spp., moraxella catarrhalis, acinetobacter antiratus, staphylococci, and streptococcus spp. pseudomonas species and enterococci were routinely resistant to ru. the ru spectrum was most similar to cefixime against the gram-negative bacilli and to cefuroxime against the gram-pos ...	1991	1802534
tetracycline resistance in moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis: demonstration of two clonal outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	two tetracycline-resistant (tcr) moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis strains from england were compared with two previously characterized tcr texas strains. both pairs carried the tet b determinant, which was nontransferable. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of their genomic dna restriction fragments demonstrated that the strains from the same area were identical (clonal); however, the texas and english strains differed from each other.	1991	1804026
[neonatal conjunctivitis caused by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis].		1991	1805961
antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against branhamella catarrhalis.	the antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime against branhamella catarrhalis was studied. all of the 65 clinical isolates tested were inhibited at and below 1.56 micrograms/ml, both at 10(7) and at 10(5) cfus. the following was further studied on b. catarrhalis n-5 which showed average susceptibility to each drug examined. bactericidal activity was observed at and above the mic. scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological changes, such as cellular swelling, bleb formation, ...	1991	1808460
[branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis--a clinically relevant pathogen of bronchopulmonary diseases?].	branhamella catarrhalis, previously named neisseria catarrhalis was known as a saprophytic inhabitant of the human respiratory tract. the importance as a facultative pathogen has increased during the last years. this study demonstrates the presence of b. catarrhalis in sputa and bronchial secretions of adults as well as children with bronchopulmonary diseases in a part of berlin. from march 1989 to july 1990 in routine examinations in the bacteriological laboratory of a lung hospital 46 isolates ...	1991	1808857
comparative study of clarithromycin and roxithromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.	the efficacy and tolerance of clarithromycin (250 mg twice daily) were compared with those of roxithromycin (150 mg twice daily) in an open, multicentre trial of 77 inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia. sixty-five patients were clinically evaluable (34, clarithromycin; 31 roxithromycin). efficacy was comparable between treatment groups: 26 of 34 patients (76%) treated with clarithromycin were clinically cured, including four with atypical pneumonia. in the roxithromycin group 25 of 31 pa ...	1991	1827096
[pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefpirome in pediatric field].	we conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and clinical application of cefpirome (cpr) in children. 1. a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of cpr was given to a two-month-old boy, and the concentration of the drug in the blood was measured. fifteen minutes after administration, the concentration was 53.3 micrograms/ml, and it gradually decreased thereafter, reaching a level of 5.18 micrograms/ml after 8 hours with a half-life in the plasma of 2.36 hours. 2. a single intravenous injectio ...	1991	1828275
the in-vitro and disc susceptibility testing of clarithromycin and its 14-hydroxy metabolite.	the in-vitro antibacterial activity of clarithromycin, its 14-hydroxy metabolite and a combination containing clarithromycin and the 14-hydroxy metabolite in a ratio of three parts of the former to one part of the latter were compared with erythromycin by determination of mics. disc susceptibility testing was also performed using discs containing 6 micrograms clarithromycin, 6 micrograms clarithromycin with 2 micrograms 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, 3 micrograms clarithromycin and 3 micrograms clar ...	1991	1829073
in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin.	gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ...	1991	1854174