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chemotaxis mutants of spirochaeta aurantia.five spirochaeta aurantia chemotaxis mutants were isolated. one mutant (the che-101 mutant) never reversed, one (the che-200 mutant) flexed predominantly, two (the che-300 and che-400-1 mutants) exhibited elevated reversal frequencies, and one (the che-400 mutant) exhibited chemotactically unstimulated behavior similar to that of the wild-type strain. the che-101 and che-400 mutants were essentially nonchemotactic, whereas the che-200, che-300, and che-400-1 mutants showed impaired chemotactic r ...19892914860
cloning and sequence analysis of flaa, a gene encoding a spirochaeta aurantia flagellar filament surface antigen.spirochaeta aurantia dna that coded for an antigenic determinant of the flagellin associated with the filament surface of the periplasmic flagella was isolated. when expressed in escherichia coli, the antigenic polypeptide had an apparent molecular weight of 37,000. sequence analysis of the antigen-encoding dna revealed the presence of an open reading frame that determined a polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 31,241. this polypeptide showed a region of identity with the n-amino-ter ...19892921247
absence of spirochaetes (borrelia burgdorferi) and piroplasms (babesia microti) in deer ticks (ixodes dammini) parasitized by chalcid wasps (hunterellus hookeri).an entomophagous wasp (hunterellus hookeri howard) parasitizes about a third of the host-seeking nymphal ixodes dammini spielman et al. ticks on naushon island in massachusetts (u.s.a.) where the agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al.) and human babesiosis (babesia microti franca) are enzootic. following blood-feeding, wasp-parasitized ticks are destroyed by the developing wasp. the prevalence of either human pathogen in host-seeking ticks collected in wasp-infested sites is ...19872979518
isolation of the outer membrane and characterization of the major outer membrane protein from spirochaeta aurantia.the outer membrane of spirochaeta aurantia was isolated after cells were extracted with sodium lauryl sarcosinate and was subsequently purified by differential centrifugation and kbr isopycnic gradient centrifugation. the purified outer membrane was obtained in the form of carotenoid-containing vesicles. four protein species with apparent molecular weights of 26,000 (26k), 36.5k, 41k, and 48.5k were readily observed as components of the vesicles. the 36.5k protein was the major polypeptide and c ...19873025168
complementation of a trpe deletion in escherichia coli by spirochaeta aurantia dna encoding anthranilate synthetase component i activity.a 2.7-kilobase sau3a fragment of spirochaeta aurantia dna cloned in pbr322 complemented a trpe deletion in escherichia coli. deletion analysis and tn5 mutagenesis of the resulting plasmid pbg100 defined a 2-kilobase-pair region that was required for both the complementation and the synthesis of 59,000- and 47,000-molecular-weight polypeptides (59k and 47k polypeptides) in maxicells. both the 59k and the 47k polypeptides appear to be encoded by a single gene. a maxicell analysis of pbg100::tn5 mu ...19873038849
comparison of spiramycin and tetracycline used adjunctively in the treatment of advanced chronic periodontitis.this study was designed to compare both clinical and microbiological changes during the treatment of advanced periodontal disease with mechanical debridement, with or without the adjunctive use of either spiramycin or tetracycline. the study, which included 96 patients with advanced periodontitis, was performed as a controlled double-blind parallel randomized trial. all patients received thorough scaling and root planing as well as adjunctive placebo or spiramycin or tetracycline. probing depth ...19883182440
dark-field microscopy of subgingival plaque microflora in indian and english subjects.this present investigation reports on the microbial pattern of subgingival plaque from english and indian subjects living in the west midlands of england. subgingival plaque from healthy and diseased sites was studied using darkfield microscopy. the results indicate that significant differences exist in microbial flora of clinically normal and diseased sites of english as well as indian subjects. coccoid cells predominated in healthy sites, with an increase of 21% in the spirochaetes in diseased ...19883198777
association of treponema hyodysenteriae with porcine intestinal mucosa.the association of treponema hyodysenteriae with porcine caecal and colonic mucosal surfaces was studied by electron microscopy after orogastric inoculation of pigs with pure cultures. examination of caecal and colonic mucosa from infected and control animals revealed that large numbers of the spirochaete were associated only with intestinal mucosal surfaces of infected animals. further examination of the intestinal mucosa from infected pigs showed that t. hyodysenteriae colonized two sites pref ...19883221198
early evolution of microtubules and undulipodia.a critique of both autogeneous and symbiotic hypotheses for the origin of microtubules and cilia and eukaryotic flagella (undulipodia) is presented. it is proposed that spirochetes provided the ancient eukaryotic cell with microtubules twice; cytoplasmic microtubules originated from phagocytosed spirochetes whereas axopodial tubules of undulipodia were transformed from ectosymbiotic spirochetes. a role in transport for microtubules in spirochetes together with a detailed scenario by which free-l ...19873300813
new infectious spirochete isolated from short-tailed shrews and white-footed mice.a spirochete with two periplasmic flagella was isolated from the blood or tissues of spleens and kidneys from short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) in connecticut and minnesota. after inoculation, the shrew-mouse spirochete infected swiss mice and syrian hamsters. this spirochete is morphologically and serologically distinct from the species of treponema, borrelia, leptospira, and spirochaeta examined.19873305565
retarded growth rate and delayed onset of egg production associated with spirochaete infection in pullets.retarded growth rates and delayed onset of egg production were recorded in 22-week-old pullets reared on deep litter and with indirect contact with pigs. birds reared in cages or transferred to cages were unaffected. spirochaetes were isolated and identified from the intestines of the pullets reared on deep litter but not from those reared in cages. birds kept solely on deep litter were more severely affected, with 24 per cent immature birds and 10 per cent mortality compared with those transfer ...19873307115
cloning structural genes for treponema pallidum immunogens and characterisation of recombinant treponemal surface protein, p2 (p2 star).a genomic library consisting of partially digested 10 to 20 kilobase pair fragments of treponema pallidum deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was constructed using bacteriophage lambda embl-3 as the vector. positive clones expressing t pallidum antigens were detected with sera from experimentally infected rabbits. treponemal proteins ranging in molecular weight from 37,000 daltons to 120,000 daltons were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of phage ...19873315959
[oral spirochetes and inflammatory periodontal diseases]. 19873324335
motility and chemotaxis of spirochaeta aurantia: computer-assisted motion analysis.a computer program has been designed to study behavior in populations of spirochaeta aurantia cells, and this program has been used to analyze changes in behavior in response to chemoattractants. three kinds of behavior were distinguished: smooth swimming, flexing, and reversals in direction of swimming after a short pause (120 ms). cell populations exposed to chemoattractants spent, on average, 66, 33, and 1% of the time in these modes, respectively. after the addition of a chemoattractant, beh ...19883350790
biochemical and cytological analysis of the complex periplasmic flagella from spirochaeta aurantia.the periplasmic flagella of spirochaeta aurantia were isolated and were found to be ultrastructurally and biochemically complex. generally, flagellar filaments were 18 to 20 nm in diameter and appeared to consist of an 11 to 13-nm-wide inner region and an outer layer. the hook-basal body region consisted of two closely apposed disks connected to a hook by a rod. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified flagella together with a western blot analysis of a motility muta ...19883410822
susceptibility of small-sized oral spirochetes to eight antibiotics and chlorhexidine.the purpose of the study was to examine the susceptibility of two different small-sized spirochete morphotypes from subgingival plaque to eight antibiotics and chlorhexidine. mic-values were determined by a broth dilution method and related to achievable antibiotic tissue- and blood concentrations. the spirochetes were characterized as susceptible, moderate susceptible, and resistant to the different antibiotics. the mics of tetracycline hydrochloride, doxycycline, penicillin g, and chlorhexidin ...19873439461
dark ground microscopy in relation to 3 clinical parameters of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.this paper examines the relationships between 3 clinical parameters: pocket depth, gingival index, and bleeding index and 2 laboratory parameters: spirochaete counts and motility counts on the basis of analysis of 883 observations made in the mouths of 41 patients. the results were consistent with the findings of other studies in that deeper pockets tended to harbour higher %s of spirochaetes and motile organisms. the same overlap between all the parameters in general and between spirochaetes an ...19863466907
[role of dark field microscopy in the diagnosis of periodontal disease]. 19863482433
a borrelia-specific monoclonal antibody binds to a flagellar epitope.in immunofluorescence assays monoclonal antibody h9724 recognized eight species of the spirochetal genus borrelia but not representatives of the genera treponema, leptospira, and spirochaeta. we examined the reactivity of h9724 against subcellular components of borrelia hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever, and b. burgdorferi, the cause of lyme disease. h9724 bound to isolated periplasmic flagella of the two borreliae. in western blots the antibody reacted with the predominant protein in flagell ...19863516878
lyme disease.although initially considered a localized epidemic form of arthritis. lyme disease is now known to have protean manifestation (skin, joint, heart, nervous system) and worldwide distribution. it is caused by infection with the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by a variety of hard ticks and, in some localities, fleas. antigenic variation between isolates may determine the differences in clinical expression observed between cases in north america and europe. the reservoir in the ...19863542350
[the tick ixodes ricinus, a spirochaeta vector]. 19873629567
[chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system].a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ...19873670517
isolation and characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes.faeces or rectal swabs from 1527 subjects were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochaetes by anaerobic culture on blood agar incorporating spectinomycin (400 mg/l). twenty three specimens (1.5%) were positive, and only one of these came from a patient with diarrhoea. all positive specimens came from either asians or known homosexuals. comparative tests showed a close phenotypic similarity between the human isolates and non-pathogenic porcine intestinal spirochaetes. these organisms dif ...19863722407
what is the correct specific epithet for pathogenic leptospirae?the underlying documentation of the first descriptions of members of the genus leptospira is carefully revised. stimson's publication of? spirochaeta interrogans (1907) is to be inadequate and not suitable to be recognized as the first valid description of a new genus being only a description of a spirochete-like microorganism without any documentation. the naming of the species of pathogenic leptospira interrogans is therefore not in confirmity with the requirements of the international code of ...19863788349
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...19853894183
bacteriology in juvenile periodontitis. a review. 19853898064
isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion.a borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. after the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other north american tick-borne borreliae as well as from spirochaeta aurantia, treponema pallidum, and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. the spirochete is passed tra ...19853898367
[chronic migrant erythema or lyme disease--a new tick-borne spirochaetales infection]. 19853907212
chemotactic transducer proteins of escherichia coli exhibit homology with methyl-accepting proteins from distantly related bacteria.transducers are transmembrane, methyl-accepting proteins central to the chemotactic systems of the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. methyl-accepting proteins have been reported in a number of species in addition to these enteric bacteria. those species include bacillus subtilis and spirochaeta aurantia, representatives of groups that diverged from ancestral enteric bacteria and from each other very early in bacterial evolution. an antiserum that reacts with all trans ...19853924893
"intestinal spirochaetosis" of the vervet monkey.electron microscopy revealed that 80% of captured vervet monkeys, held in quarantine for experimental use, showed extensive proliferation of spiral-shaped bacteria on the mucosal epithelium of the large bowel. a consortium, consisting of a predominant spirillum together with a spirochaete, was usually seen as a lawn covering the colonic epithelium. sparsely populated areas showed preferential colonization of the tubular glands. pathological changes were minimal, being confined to the microvillus ...19853925404
congenital spirochetosis in calves: association with epizootic bovine abortion.congenital spirochetosis was encountered as a newly recognized infection of cattle. the spirochete was seen in blood of fetuses with lesions of epizootic bovine abortion. a spirochete with morphologic features similar to those found in the fetuses was detected in ornithodoros coriaceus ticks. ticks collected from rangelands were allowed to feed on cows that then produced epizootic bovine abortion-affected fetuses, and the fetuses had spirochetosis. inapparent spirochetosis also was found in fetu ...19863949612
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.19853984718
spirochaetes in the equine caecum.two morphological types of spirochaete were found in the horse caecum measuring 4 to 6 micron by 0.3 to 0.4 micron and 6 to 8 micron by 0.1 to 0.2 micron. attempts were made to culture the organisms but none survived subculture beyond the primary isolate. electron microscopy revealed that many of the organisms were infected by bacteriophages.19854035097
transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium borrelia hermsii.in borrelia hermsii, a spirochaete that causes relapsing fever, the switch between expression of two frequent variable major protein (vmp) types (7 and 21) is associated with a dna rearrangement. both cell types 7 and 21 contain untranscribed 7 and 21 vmp genes on linear plasmids. the serotype 7 cells contain an additional copy of the 7 vmp gene fused to an expression sequence on another linear plasmid. switching to the 21 serotype involves removal of the transcribed 7 vmp gene and fusion of a c ...19854069202
slide impregnation method for treponema pallidum and other spirochetes. 19704097393
[action site and effectiveness of the antisyphilitic penicillin therapy. i. position and structure of treponema pallidum: action site of penicillin]. 19704101550
ultrastructural identification of spirochetes and flagellated microbes at the brush border of the large intestinal epithelium of the rhesus monkey.spiral-shaped organisms exclusively and intimately populate the brush border of the cecal and colonic epithelium of healthy monkeys (macaca mulatta). these organisms replace the glycocalyx, destroy most microvilli, and attenuate the terminal web of the brush border. despite these remarkable alterations, the remaining host cellular structure is unchanged. two structurally distinct microbes, a spirochete and a flagellate, were recognized by electron microscopy. these spirochetes share the general ...19724118119
staining of histologic sections of colon with victoria blue 4-r as an aid in the diagnosis of swine dysentery. 19734122481
peptidoglycan of free-living anaerobic spirochetes.electron microscope examination of negatively stained or thin-sectioned cells of spirochaeta stenostrepta treated with penicillin or lysozyme showed that the peptidoglycan was present as a thin, electron-dense layer adjacent and external to the cytoplasmic membrane. the peptidoglycan was isolated from cells of s. stenostrepta and spirochaeta litoralis by a procedure including treatments with sodium lauryl sulfate and pronase. hydrolysates of the isolated s. stenostrepta and s. litoralis peptidog ...19734123918
[phenomenon of agglomeration and alteration of the peripheral blood cells of syphilitic patients under the effect of spirochaeta]. 19734133149
further electron microscopic observations on reiter spirochetes. 19654159309
leucopenia and fever in the "jarisch-herxheimer" reaction of louse-borne relapsing fever. 19684169111
spirochete from the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). i. isolation and preliminary characterization.an unidentified spirochete, referred to as the 277f agent, was isolated from haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks from two cottontail rabbits by inoculation of the tick suspension into embryonated chicken eggs. because of its minute width (0.1 mu), the organism was difficult to see when stained by the giemsa method, but was readily demonstrated by silver impregnation or fluorescent-antibody procedures. in dark-field microscopy, the spirochetes appeared uniformly and rather tightly coiled, and ex ...19684171295
[study on continuous long-term storage of stained preparations of spirochaeta recurrentis. 1. correlation of pretreatment with various fixative and caustic agents]. 19684176711
a reliable method for demonstrating spirochaetes in tissue sections. 19694187533
[silver impregnation of spirochaeta]. 19704193917
bacteria, spirochetes, and rickettsia as insecticides. 19734199779
dobbins wo 3d,+dobbins wo iii: rectal biopsy. a review of its diagnostic usefulness. 19684235262
[some features of the epidemiology of tick-borne spirochetosis in the uch-korgon district of kirghizia]. 19664238261
[infectious pathology]. 19714251237
mycoplasma salivarium in human gingival sulci. 19704254176
the in-vitro sensitivity of oral spirochaetes to metronidazole. 19704254179
isolation and propagation of spirochetes from the colon of swine dysentery affected pigs. 19724258550
metabolism of spirochaeta aurantia. i. anaerobic energy-yielding pathways]. 19724261649
the restorative effect of peritoneal macrophages on delayed hypersensitivity following ionizing radiation. 19714273598
the structure of subgingival plaque in a beagle dog. 19744281828
metabolism of spirochaeta aurantia. ii. aerobic oxidation oxidation of carbohydrates. 19724340023
[desiccating factors in ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis]. 19744363391
oxygen uptake by treponema pallidum.virulent treponema pallidum has been shown to consume o(2) at a rate similar to that of the known aerobic spirochaete, leptospira. such o(2) uptake is cyanide sensitive, indicating a functioning cytochrome oxidase. inhibition of o(2) uptake by azide, chlorpromazine, and amytal further suggests a functioning electron transport system for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) to o(2). evidence is consistent with the probability that this terminal electron-transport system is ...19744366918
lipids of the spirochaetales: comparison of the lipids of several members of the genera spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira.the lipid compositions of 17 spirochetes belonging to the genera spirochaeta and treponema were investigated and compared with data previously derived from 11 strains of leptospira. the lipid compositions and lipid metabolism of any of these genera is sufficiently different to be characteristic of that genus and to differentiate it from the other two genera. members of the genus leptospira are characterized by their ability to beta-oxidize long chain fatty acids as their major carbon and energy ...19744436256
the distribution of spirochaetes in the gingival crevice of a beagle dog. 19744469564
[electron microscopic studies on the cell structure of oral spirochete]. 19724506440
[cellar structure of oral spirochetes obtained by means of thin sectioning. (1)]. 19724506442
plaque development and gingivitis in the primary dentition. 19734509109
[morphological studies on the axial fibrils of certain oral spirochetes]. 19734513247
[pathogenicity of oral spirochaeta]. 19734519756
[fine structure of oral spirochetes, especially on the intracytoplasmic structure (author's transl)]. 19744523124
spirochaetal invasion of the colonic mucosa in a syndrome resembling swine dysentery following experimental trichuris suis infection in weaned pigs. 19724539730
shape of treponema pallidum.treponema pallidum was found to be not helical, but a flat wave twisted into one to five different planes per cell.19724550825
axial fibrils of anaerobic spirochetes: ultrastructure and chemical characteristics. 19724552535
spirochetal organisms from pigs. i. isolation, cultivation and maintenance. 19724558899
the isolation of spirochaetes from pigs affected with swine dysentery. 19724561061
efficacy of gentamicin sulfate for the treatment of swine dysentery. 19724565062
[in memoriam fritz schaudinn (1871-1906): discoverer of spirochaeta pallida]. 19724567889
morphological and ecological characteristics of spirochaeta plicatilis. 19734571290
localization of spirochetes with the structural characteristics of treponema hyodysenteriae in the lesions of swine dysentery.the large intestines of pigs with swine dysentery were examined by phase, light, and electron microscopy at intervals up to 11 days after oral inoculation with mucosal scrapings from infected pigs. large spirochetes with the structural characteristics of treponema hyodysenteriae were found only in infected pigs and were first observed in small numbers in the lumen of the large intestine 2 days after inoculation. numerous large spirochetes were present on the luminal surface and in mucosal crypts ...19744587383
["mixed association" and gram negative anaerobic asporous bacillary constitiuent in mouth pathology]. 19744601952
[significance of the passive hemagglutination test of spirochaeta (tpha) in syphilis serodiagnosis]. 19744603829
a fluorescent antibody staining technique for the diagnosis of swine dysentery. 19744604005
[changes in the oral flora in the intermediate zones and its significance]. 19744608649
a theoretical mechanism of spirochete locomotion. 19744616991
vibrios in diseased and healthy calves. 19724621836
[determination of the antigenic dilution concentration in the complement fixation test]. 19724626748
properties of rubredoxin and ferredoxin isolated from spirochetes. 19734693056
localization of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract: a possible explanation of intestinal spirochaetosis.the large intestine of rats and dogs was examined by light and electron microscopy. in both species localization of bacteria in specific areas of the tissue was observed. fusiform bacteria mixed with spirochaetes were seen at the opening of the crypts into the large bowel. however, at the base of the crypts homogeneous populations of spiral organisms were found; some crypts contained borrelia-type spirochaetes, whereas others contained spiral bacteria with other morphology. very few spiral bacte ...19734716551
glucose and pyruvate metabolism of spirochaeta litoralis, an anaerobic marine spirochete.the pathways of glucose and pyruvate metabolism in spirochaeta litoralis, a free-living, strictly anaerobic marine spirochete, were studied. addition of 0.2 to 0.4 m nacl (final concentration) to suspending buffers prevented cell lysis and was necessary for gas evolution from various substrates by cell suspensions. the organism fermented glucose mainly to ethanol, acetate, co(2), and h(2). determination of radioactivity in products formed from (14)c-labeled glucose and assays of enzymatic activi ...19734745435
a directly cross-linked l-ornithine-containing peptidoglycan in cell walls of spirochaeta stenostrepta. 19734747604
swine dysentery: failure of an attenuated strain of spirochaete, given orally, to protect pigs against subsequent challenge. 19744840347
distinctive renal lesion of spirochete-infected brine shrimp.in spirochete-infected artemia, the renal tubule exhibited a lesion consisting of a group of spirochetes situated in an indentation of the base of the epithelium and involving discontinuity of the basal lamina.19744851408
spirochetal organisms from pigs. 3. preliminary observations on bacteriophage particles associated with spirochetes of the genus. treponema. 19744857846
the microbiology of acute ulcerative gingivitis with reference to the culture of oral trichomonads and spirochaetes. 19684866550
electron microscopic observations on the lesions of condyloma latum. 19694891534
[reiter's spirochete agglutination reaction (roemer's test). correlation with the fta test and with the classic serologic tests in different stages of lues]. 19684907065
[principles of microbial electrophoresis]. 19704919731
hans reiter (1881- ). reiter's syndrome. 19704921573
in vitro susceptibility of oral spirochetes to metronidazole. 19704922198
[immunological patterns in syphilis including the question of antibodies. with reference to recent experimental studies]. 19704938729
lymphadenopathy in secondary syphilis. 19714942063
[infrastructural morphology of pillotina calotermitidis nov.gen.,no. sp., spirochaetales in the intestine of calotermes praecox]. 19674967239
[hemoculture and the anaerobic flora of the oro-pharyngeal cavities and the respiratory apparatus]. 19684971279
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