Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| comparing the ability of a series of viral protein-expressing plasmid dnas to protect against h5n1 influenza virus. | avian influenza has been regarded as a human health threat. a major measure to prevent its outbreak is vaccination. in this study, a series of expression plasmids carrying the hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), nucleoprotein (np), matrix protein 1 (m1), and matrix protein 2 (m2) genes, respectively, of the avian influenza virus (aiv) a/chicken/henan/12/2004(h5n1) strain were constructed. these plasmids were administered to mice by electroporation (50 mug for each per administration, 1-5 tim ... | 2009 | 19067149 |
| [the spread and biological properties of epidemic influenza viruses a and b strains circulating in the 2006-2007 season in russia]. | the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity in the 2006-2007 season in russia was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 259 epidemic strains; all the strains were isolated on mdck cell cultures. influenza a(h1n1) viruses (n = 101) were antigenic variants of the references a/new caledonia/20/99 and a/solomon islands/3/06. influenza a(h3n2) viruses (n = 98) were antigenic variants of the references ... | 2008 | 19069788 |
| anionic polymer, poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride)-coated beads-based capture of human influenza a and b virus. | an anionic magnetic beads-based method was developed for the capture of human influenza a and b viruses from nasal aspirates, allantoic fluid and culture medium. a polymer, poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) [poly(mve-ma)], was used to endow magnetic beads with a negative charge and bioadhesive properties. after incubation with samples containing human influenza virus, the beads were separated from supernatants by applying a magnetic field. the adsorption [corrected] of the virus by the b ... | 2009 | 19081256 |
| activation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway for protection against influenza virus infection. | this study aims to evaluate the antiviral role of nucleic acid-based agonists for the activation of toll-like receptor (tlr) signaling pathways, and its protective role in respiratory influenza a virus infections. tlr-3 is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, and macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating both the antiviral and inflammatory responses of the innate immunity in combating viral infections. influenza viruses can effectively inhibit the host ... | 2009 | 19200852 |
| preparation of genetically engineered a/h5n1 and a/h7n1 pandemic vaccine viruses by reverse genetics in a mixture of vero and chicken embryo cells. | in case of influenza pandemic, a robust, easy and clean technique to prepare reassortants would be necessary. | 2007 | 19453414 |
| patterns of oligonucleotide sequences in viral and host cell rna identify mediators of the host innate immune system. | the innate immune response provides a first line of defense against pathogens by targeting generic differential features that are present in foreign organisms but not in the host. these innate responses generate selection forces acting both in pathogens and hosts that further determine their co-evolution. here we analyze the nucleic acid sequence fingerprints of these selection forces acting in parallel on both host innate immune genes and ssrna viral genomes. we do this by identifying dinucleot ... | 2009 | 19536338 |
| pathogenesis and transmission of the novel swine-origin influenza virus a/h1n1 after experimental infection of pigs. | influenza virus a/h1n1, which is currently causing a pandemic, contains gene segments with ancestors in the north american and eurasian swine lineages. to get insights into virus replication dynamics, clinical symptoms and virus transmission in pigs, we infected animals intranasally with influenza virus a/regensburg/d6/09/h1n1. virus excretion in the inoculated pigs was detected in nasal swabs from 1 day post-infection (p.i.) onwards and the pigs developed generally mild symptoms, including feve ... | 2009 | 19592456 |
| protective role of interferon-induced mx gtpases against influenza viruses. | mx proteins are interferon-induced large gtpases with antiviral activities. they inhibit a wide range of viruses by blocking early stages of the replication cycles. importantly, mx gtpases also suppress the growth of highly pathogenic influenza a viruses, such as currently circulating h5n1 viruses or the pandemic h1n1 virus strain of 1918. in this paper, the authors review the properties of mx proteins and discuss their role in host defence against highly pathogenic viruses. the authors further ... | 2009 | 19618628 |
| activity of andrographolide and its derivatives against influenza virus in vivo and in vitro. | infections with influenza a viruses are still a major threat to humans and several animal species. the occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses capable of infecting and killing humans highlights the urgency for a new and efficient strategy for the treatment of diseases caused by the virus. andrographolide and its derivatives have been widely used for treating respiratory infections in china for decades. we have recently synthesized new andrographolide derivatives and found that so ... | 2009 | 19652378 |
| modelling the progression of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) in vietnam and the opportunities for reassortment with other influenza viruses. | a novel variant of influenza a (h1n1) is causing a pandemic and, although the illness is usually mild, there are concerns that its virulence could change through reassortment with other influenza viruses. this is of greater concern in parts of southeast asia, where the population density is high, influenza is less seasonal, human-animal contact is common and avian influenza is still endemic. | 2009 | 19728864 |
| neuraminidase inhibitory activities of flavonols isolated from rhodiola rosea roots and their in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. | five flavonols (3, 5, and 9-11) were isolated from rhodiola rosea, and compared with commercially available flavonoids (1, 2, 4, 6-8, and 12-14) to facilitate analysis of their structure-activity relationship (sar). all compounds (1-14) showed neuraminidase inhibitory activities with ic(50) values ranging from 0.8 to 56.9 microm. the in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of flavonoids 1-6, 8-12, and 14 were evaluated using two influenza viral strains, h1n1 (a/pr/8/34) and h9n2 (a/chicken/kore ... | 2009 | 19729316 |
| the feasibility of using high resolution genome sequencing of influenza a viruses to detect mixed infections and quasispecies. | the rapidly expanding availability of de novo sequencing technologies can greatly facilitate efforts to monitor the relatively high mutation rates of influenza a viruses and the detection of quasispecies. both the mutation rates and the lineages of influenza a viruses are likely to play an important role in the natural history of these viruses and the emergence of phenotypically and antigenically distinct strains. | 2009 | 19771155 |
| comparison of the usefulness of the caco-2 cell line with standard substrates for isolation of swine influenza a viruses. | influenza a virus isolation is undertaken routinely in embryonated chicken eggs, but to improve virus detection various cell lines can be used. the caco-2 cell line was compared to the mdck cell line and embryonated chicken eggs for the isolation of h1n1, h1n2, h3n2 swine influenza a virus subtypes from clinical specimens. from 2006 to 2008, 104 influenza a samples found positive by pcr from 42 respiratory outbreaks in italian swine farms were examined by virus isolation. sixty swine influenza a ... | 2010 | 19781571 |
| generation of live attenuated novel influenza virus a/california/7/09 (h1n1) vaccines with high yield in embryonated chicken eggs. | several live attenuated influenza virus a/california/7/09 (h1n1) (ca09) candidate vaccine variants that possess the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from the ca09 virus and six internal protein gene segments from the cold-adapted influenza virus a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) virus were generated by reverse genetics. the reassortant viruses replicated relatively poorly in embryonated chicken eggs. to improve virus growth in eggs, reassortants expressing the ha and na of ca09 were ... | 2010 | 19864389 |
| [the characteristics of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains circulating in russia during the 2007-2008 season]. | in 2007-2008 in russia, the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity was caused by the active circulation of influenza a(h1n1, a(h3n2), and b viruses. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza studied 334 epidemic strains. the results of a comparative study of the svirus specificity of commercial test systems (amplisens influenza virus a/b and amplisens influenza virus a/h5n1) for the polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and virological assays, including virus isolation, revealed their ... | 2009 | 19882900 |
| 1918 and 2009 h1n1 influenza viruses are not pathogenic in birds. | the susceptibility of chickens to both 1918 and 2009 h1n1 influenza virus was evaluated. the intravenous pathogenicity index of 1918 and 2009 h1n1 viruses in chickens was 0. chickens did not develop clinical signs following experimental inoculation simulating natural infection. no gross pathological changes were observed in any tissues of chickens between 2 and 18 days post-infection (p.i.) and viral rna was not detected by real-time rt-pcr in mucosal secretions or tissues. seroconversion was no ... | 2010 | 19889930 |
| a live bivalent influenza vaccine based on a h9n2 virus strain. | the purpose of this study was to construct an h9n2 virus-based bivalent live vaccine expressing the protective antigen of a different subtype of influenza virus. reverse genetics was used to generate an influenza virus containing nine gene segments derived from the a/chicken/jiangsu/11/2002 (h9n2) strain, including independent m1 and m2 matrix gene segments. a recombinant virus expressing the h1n1 ha1 hemagglutinin protein was produced on this framework by substituting the extracellular domain o ... | 2010 | 19892041 |
| continuous cell lines as a production system for influenza vaccines. | the declaration of pandemic alert phase 6 for human influenza a (h1n1) by the who and the measures taken by individual countries in june 2009 has shown the world how fragile today's resources in pandemic and prepandemic, but also seasonal, vaccines are. conventionally, human influenza vaccines are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. however, significant efforts of authorities and vaccine manufacturers over the last decade have led to the establishment of cell culture-derived vaccines. currentl ... | 2009 | 19943763 |
| phenotypic characteristics of novel swine-origin influenza a/california/07/2009 (h1n1) virus. | the 2009 novel a(h1n1) virus appears to be of swine origin. this strain causing the current outbreaks is a new virus that has not been seen previously either in humans or animals. we have previously reported that viruses causing pandemics or large outbreaks were able to grow at a temperature above the normal physiological range (temperature resistance, non-ts phenotype), were found to be inhibitor resistant and restricted in replication at suboptimal temperature (sensitivity to grow at low tempe ... | 2010 | 20021501 |
| isolation and characterization of chicken lung mesenchymal stromal cells and their susceptibility to avian influenza virus. | in this study, we isolated and characterized mesenchymal stromal cells (mscs) from the lungs of 1- to 2-week-old chickens. microscopically, the cultured cells showed fibroblast-like morphology. phenotypically these cells expressed cd44, cd90, cd105 and the transcription factor pouv, which has been shown to be critical for stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. the multipotency of chicken mscs was demonstrated by their ability to undergo adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. like chicken b ... | 2010 | 20026347 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral effect of agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza viruses. | influenza virus continues to emerge and re-emerge, posing new threats for humans. here we tested various korean medicinal plant extracts for potential antiviral activity against influenza viruses. among them, an extract of agrimonia pilosa was shown to be highly effective against all three subtypes of human influenza viruses including h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a subtypes and influenza b virus. the ec(50) value against influenza a virus, as tested by the plaque reduction assay on mdck cells, was 14 ... | 2010 | 20055938 |
| [analysis on surveillance of influenza in tianshui prefecture from 2005 to 2008]. | to observe epidemic status and the types of the influenza virus, to analyse influenza epidemic trends in tianshui city, and to provide basis for influenza prevention and control. | 2009 | 20084889 |
| a rapid test for the detection of influenza a virus including pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009. | a new rapid diagnostic test for detection of influenza a virus was evaluated with four sets of experiments: first, a comparison with a commercial diagnostic kit against a panel of virus strains was conducted; second, the kit was tested against a collection of 40 strains of influenza a virus isolated from five different host species and 26 strains of other respiratory viruses used as controls; third, the kit was tested against specimens collected in the field obtained from human and chicken; and ... | 2010 | 20144656 |
| cross-protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of m2-based vaccine with chitosan as an adjuvant. | influenza vaccines based on conserved antigens could provide cross-protection against infections by multiple subtypes of influenza a virus. influenza matrix protein 2 (m2) is highly conserved in all influenza a strains. in this study, we deleted the transmembrane domain of the m2 of the avian influenza virus (aiv) a/chicken/jiangsu/7/2002 (h9n2) strain to create an m2 without a transmembrane domain, named sm2, which was efficiently expressed in escherichia coli. the sm2 protein was administered ... | 2010 | 20195654 |
| comparison of egg and high yielding mdck cell-derived live attenuated influenza virus for commercial production of trivalent influenza vaccine: in vitro cell susceptibility and influenza virus replication kinetics in permissive and semi-permissive cells. | currently medimmune manufactures cold-adapted (ca) live, attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) from specific-pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs. difficulties in production scale-up and potential exposure of chicken flocks to avian influenza viruses especially in the event of a pandemic influenza outbreak have prompted evaluation and development of alternative non-egg based influenza vaccine manufacturing technologies. as part of medimmune's effort to develop the live attenuated influenza vaccine (la ... | 2010 | 20307595 |
| limited susceptibility of chickens, turkeys, and mice to pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus. | to determine susceptibility of chickens, turkeys, and mice to pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus, we conducted contact exposure and inoculation experiments. we demonstrated that chickens were refractory to infection. however, oculo-oronasally inoculated turkeys and intranasally inoculated mice seroconverted without clinical signs of infection. | 2010 | 20350393 |
| challenge and polymorphism analysis of the novel a (h1n1) influenza virus to normal animals. | the novel influenza a (h1n1) virus that emerged from april 2009 in mexico has spread rapidly to many countries and initiated a human pandemic. it is important to determine whether the virus has existed in, or will spread to, normal household animals, and whether a (h1n1)-like viruses derived from the animal is able to proliferate in cell lines derived from human. in this current paper, familiar animals, including pigs, chickens, ducks, cats, dogs, rats, mice, and brandt's voles were challenged w ... | 2010 | 20381552 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of avian antibodies against influenza virus h5n1 and h1n1 in mice. | pandemic influenza poses a serious threat to global health and the world economy. while vaccines are currently under development, passive immunization could offer an alternative strategy to prevent and treat influenza virus infection. attempts to develop monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been made. however, passive immunization based on mabs may require a cocktail of mabs with broader specificity in order to provide full protection since mabs are generally specific for single epitopes. chicken i ... | 2010 | 20405007 |
| inhibition of host innate immune responses and pathogenicity of recombinant newcastle disease viruses expressing ns1 genes of influenza a viruses. | the ns1 protein has been associated with the virulence of influenza a viruses. to evaluate the role of the ns1 protein in pathogenicity of pandemic h5n1 avian influenza and h1n1 2009 influenza viruses, recombinant newcastle disease viruses (rndvs) expressing ns1 proteins were generated. expression of the ns1 proteins resulted in inhibition of host innate immune responses (beta interferon and protein kinase r production). in addition, the ns1 proteins were localized predominantly in the nucleus o ... | 2010 | 20410312 |
| establishment and characterization of a madin-darby canine kidney reporter cell line for influenza a virus assays. | influenza virus diagnosis has traditionally relied on virus isolation in chicken embryo or cell cultures. many laboratories have adopted rapid molecular methods for detection of influenza viruses and discontinued routine utilization of the relatively slow viral culture methods. we describe an influenza a virus reporter cell line that contributes to more efficient viral detection in cell culture. madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were engineered to constitutively produce an influenza virus g ... | 2010 | 20504984 |
| development and evaluation of an avian influenza, neuraminidase subtype 1, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for poultry using the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals control strategy. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed using baculovirus, purified, recombinant n1 protein from a/chicken/indonesia/pa7/2003 (h5n1) virus. the n1-elisa showed high selectivity for detection of n1 antibodies, with no cross-reactivity with other neuraminidase subtypes, and broad reactivity with sera to n1 subtype isolates from north american and eurasian lineages. sensitivity of the n1-elisa to detect n1 antibodies in turkey sera, collected 3 wk after h1n1 vaccination, ... | 2010 | 20521703 |
| erythrocyte binding preference of 16 subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza and 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses. | all 16 subtypes of avian influenza viruses of low pathogenicity (lpaiv) as well as their hemagglutinin (h) antigens, and four 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus isolates were assayed for hemagglutinating activity against 5 erythrocyte species: goose, guinea pig, human group o, chicken and horse. of all viruses and antigens assayed, the highest hemagglutination (ha) titers were obtained with goose and guinea pig erythrocytes. hemagglutinating activity of replicating lpaiv and lpaiv antigens d ... | 2010 | 20579820 |
| isolation of mixed subtypes of influenza a virus from a bald eagle (haliaeetus leucocephalus). | from april 2007 to march 2008, cloacal swabs were obtained from 246 casualty raptors recovered by various wildlife rehabilitation centers in the united states. the swabs were placed in a virus transport medium and transported to the laboratory on ice packs. at the laboratory, the samples were pooled with each pool consisting of five samples. all pools (n = 50) were screened for the presence of avian influenza virus (aiv) using a real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) ... | 2010 | 20667110 |
| virulence determinants of avian h5n1 influenza a virus in mammalian and avian hosts: role of the c-terminal esev motif in the viral ns1 protein. | we assessed the prediction that access of the viral ns1 protein to cellular pdz domain protein networks enhances the virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza a viruses. the ns1 proteins of most avian influenza viruses bear the c-terminal ligand sequence glu-ser-glu-val (esev) for pdz domains present in multiple host proteins, whereas no such motif is found in the ns1 homologues of seasonal human virus strains. previous analysis showed that a c-terminal esev motif increases viral virulence ... | 2010 | 20686040 |
| [in vitro efficacy of ingavirin against the pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1/09)v]. | ingavirin was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains a/california/04/2009 (h1n1)v, a/california/07/2009 (h1n1)v, a/moscow/225/2009 (h1n1)v and a/moscow/226/2009 (h1n1)v, as well as the strains a/chicken/kurgan/05/2005 (h5n1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) in the mdck cell culture. the hemagglutinin and cytopathic activity of the influenza virus strains decreased at entering ingavirin in vitro. | 2010 | 20695202 |
| influenza a h1n1 virus in indian pigs & its genetic relatedness with pandemic human influenza a 2009 h1n1. | with the emergence of a new reassortant influenza a h1n1 virus that caused the 2009 pandemic it was felt necessary that pigs should be closely monitored for early detection of any influenza virus infection. therefore, we investigated disease outbreaks with clinical history suggestive for swine influenza reported to our laboratory by owners of affected pig farms in uttar pradesh. | 2010 | 20716816 |
| production and antigenic properties of influenza virus from suspension mdck-siat7e cells in a bench-scale bioreactor. | in efforts to overcome limitations associated with egg-based influenza vaccines, mammalian cell substrates have gradually emerged as potential production platforms. recently, a suspension madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cell line for influenza virus production was created by expressing the human siat7e gene. to examine the broad susceptibility of this novel cell line, the scalability of the production process, and the antigenic stability of cell-derived progeny viruses, infection experiments us ... | 2010 | 20800699 |
| management of the virulent influenza virus infection by oral formulation of nonhydrolized carnosine and isopeptide of carnosine attenuating proinflammatory cytokine-induced nitric oxide production. | inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) plays an important role in mediating inflammation. in our studies, we found that inos-derived no was significantly increased in the serum samples of 150 patients infected with influenza a virus in comparison with samples of 140 healthy individuals. in human lung epithelial cells, infection with influenza a virus or stimulation with poly(i:c) + interferon-gamma resulted in increased mrna and protein levels of both interleukin-32 and inos, with subsequent rel ... | 2010 | 20841992 |
| cross-protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of m1-based vaccine with chitosan as an adjuvant. | the antigenic variation of influenza virus represents a major health problem, thus continuous efforts have been made to develop broad-spectrum vaccines against influenza virus. matrix protein 1 (m1) protein is highly conserved in all influenza a strains. in this study, m1 protein was efficiently expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli), then purified and used for immunization of balb/c mice by intranasal drip using chitosan as adjuvant. the m1 protein was administered intranasally to mice in comb ... | 2010 | 20870054 |
| [the immunogenic and protective properties of inactivated and live candidate vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 virus]. | the present study in balb/c mice was conducted to compare immunogenicity and protective efficacy of several candidate vaccines based on homologous and heterologous strains after challenge with the highly pathogenic avian influenza strain a/chicken/kurgan/3/2005. the experimental vaccine composed of an inactivated split a/vietnam/1194/2004 (h5n1) strain and a plant derived adjuvant has demonstrated better immunogenic properties versus the variant of the vaccine with aluminum hydroxide. interestin ... | 2010 | 20886707 |
| modifications in the polymerase genes of a swine-like triple-reassortant influenza virus to generate live attenuated vaccines against 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses. | on 11 june 2009, the world health organization (who) declared that the outbreaks caused by novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus had reached pandemic proportions. the pandemic h1n1 (h1n1pdm) virus is the predominant influenza virus strain in the human population. it has also crossed the species barriers and infected turkeys and swine in several countries. thus, the development of a vaccine that is effective in multiple animal species is urgently needed. we have previously demonstrated that ... | 2010 | 20962084 |
| [impact of avian influenza virus h5n1 neuraminidase mutations on the activity of neuraminidase and the sensibility to neuraminidase inhibitors]. | to study the impact of avian influenza virus h5n1 neuraminidase mutations i117v, i314v and i117v + i314v on the sensibility of neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) and the activity of neuraminidase (na). | 2010 | 20979914 |
| [isolation, identification and genetic analysis of an h1n1 subtype isolate of swine influenza virus]. | in 2006, a swine influenza virus (siv) isolate was isolated from 30 nasal swabs samples collected from pigs with clinical syndromes of swine influenza in a pig farm of liaoning province. the virus isolate was studied and identified by the growth in 9-11 days old chicken embryo, hemagglutination (ha) assay, hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays (rt-pcr) for its genetic subtype, whole gene sequence analysis and animal trial for its virulence ... | 2010 | 21043141 |
| determinants of glycan receptor specificity of h2n2 influenza a virus hemagglutinin. | the h2n2 subtype of influenza a virus was responsible for the asian pandemic of 1957-58. however, unlike other subtypes that have caused pandemics such as h1n1 and h3n2, which continue to circulate among humans, h2n2 stopped circulating in the human population in 1968. strains of h2 subtype still continue to circulate in birds and occasionally pigs and could be reintroduced into the human population through antigenic drift or shift. such an event is a potential global health concern because of t ... | 2010 | 21060797 |
| in vitro inhibitory activity of alpinia katsumadai extracts against influenza virus infection and hemagglutination. | alpinia katsumadai (ak) extracts and fractions were tested for in vitro antiviral activities against influenza virus type a, specially human a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and avian a/chicken/korea/ms96/96 (h9n2), by means of time-of-addition experiments; pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post treatment. | 2010 | 21062499 |
| a single-amino-acid substitution in the ha protein changes the replication and pathogenicity of the 2009 pandemic a (h1n1) influenza viruses in vitro and in vivo. | the novel pandemic a (h1n1) virus was first identified in mexico in april 2009 and since then it spread world wide over a short period of time. although the virus infection is generally associated with mild disease and a relatively low mortality, it is projected that mutations in specific regions of the viral genome, especially within the receptor binding domain of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein could result in more virulent virus stains, leading to a more severe pandemic. | 2010 | 21083933 |
| improvement of the h5n1 influenza virus vaccine strain to decrease the pathogenicity in chicken embryos. | the avian influenza vaccine strain a/duck/hokkaido/vac-1/2004 (h5n1) (vac-1) was found to be pathogenic in chicken embryos (ces). in order to decrease the pathogenicity of vac-1 in ces, a series of reassortant viruses was generated between vac-1 and a/puerto rico/8/1934 (h1n1) (pr8), and their pathogenicity and growth potential were compared in ces. the results indicated that either the pb1 or pa protein was responsible for the pathogenicity of vac-1 in ces. the ha titers of the allantoic fluids ... | 2011 | 21203786 |
| novel h1n2 swine influenza reassortant strain in pigs derived from the pandemic h1n1/2009 virus. | swine influenza monitoring programs have been in place in italy since the 1990 s and from 2009 testing for the pandemic h1n1/2009 virus (h1n1pdm) was also performed on all the swine samples positive for type a influenza. this paper reports the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel h1n2 swine influenza reassortant strain from pigs in italy that was derived from the h1n1pdm virus. in may 2010, mild respiratory symptoms were observed in around 10% of the pigs raised on a fattening farm ... | 2010 | 21208754 |
| rapid death of duck cells infected with influenza: a potential mechanism for host resistance to h5n1. | aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for most subtypes of influenza a, and a source of novel viruses with the potential to cause human pandemics, fatal zoonotic disease or devastating epizootics in poultry. it is well recognised that waterfowl typically show few clinical signs following influenza a infection, in contrast, terrestrial poultry such as chickens may develop severe disease with rapid death following infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza. this study examined the cellular ... | 2011 | 21423263 |
| [study of antiviral activity of extracts obtained from basidial fungi against influenza viruses of different subtypes in experiments in vitro and in vivo]. | to study antiviral activity of extracts obtained from basidial fungi against influenza viruses of different subtypes. | 2011 | 21449077 |
| [current events in vaccination.] | the annual meeting of the infectious disease society of america (idsa); which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in vancouver, canada, october 21 to 24, 2010; provided a review of the influenza (h1n1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vaccines under development. with 12 500 deaths in the united states in 2009-2010, the influenza (h1n1) 2009 pandemic was actually less deadly than the seasonal flu. but it essentially hit the young, and ... | 2011 | 21489733 |
| pa residues in the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza virus enhance avian virus polymerase activity in mammalian cells. | the 2009 pandemic influenza virus (ph1n1) is a swine-origin reassortant containing human, avian, and swine influenza genes. we have previously shown that the polymerase complex of the ph1n1 strain a/california/04/2009 (cal) is highly active in mammalian 293t cells, despite the avian origin of both its pa and pb2. in this study, we analyzed the polymerase residues that are responsible for high ph1n1 polymerase activity in the mammalian host. characterization of polymerase complexes containing var ... | 2011 | 21561908 |
| influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitory activity of phlorotannins from the edible brown alga ecklonia cava. | influenza a virus infections continue to pose a major threat to humans and several animal species. neuraminidase (na) is one of the most promising targets for the development of drugs against influenza viruses because of its critical role in the viral life cycle. during the course of a search for na inhibitors from edible natural sources, we found that the ethyl acetate layer of ethanol extracts of ecklonia cava showed extremely high na-inhibitory activity (72.1% inhibition at 30 μg/ml). bioacti ... | 2011 | 21585204 |
| cross-protection of chicken igy antibodies passively administered in mice against h5n1 and h1n1 viruses. | influenza viruses remain a major threat to global health due to their ability to undergo change through antigenic drift and antigenic shift. we postulated that avian igy antibodies represent a low-cost, effective and well-tolerated approach that can be easily scaled up to produce enormous quantities of protective antibodies. these igy antibodies can be administered passively in humans (orally and intranasally), and can be used to quickly and safely help in the fight against an influenza pandemic ... | 2011 | 21613458 |
| improvement of h5n1 influenza vaccine viruses: influence of internal gene segments of avian and human origin on production and hemagglutinin content. | the h5n1-clade 1 influenza vaccine strain nibrg-14 produces exceptionally low amounts of antigen, a problem recently encountered also for initial pandemic h1n1-2009 vaccine seeds. here, we report on a strategy that may contribute to overcome this obstacle. influenza vaccine viruses usually consist of two segments coding for the antigenic ha and na proteins of a wild-type strain and the six residual internal gene segments of the vaccine donor strain a/pr/8/34 (pr8). to enhance the antigen yield f ... | 2011 | 21624413 |
| pdlim2 selectively interacts with the pdz binding motif of highly pathogenic avian h5n1 influenza a virus ns1. | the multi-functional ns1 protein of influenza a virus is a viral virulence determining factor. the last four residues at the c-terminus of ns1 constitute a type i pdz domain binding motif (pbm). avian influenza viruses currently in circulation carry an ns1 pbm with consensus sequence esev, whereas human influenza viruses bear an ns1 pbm with consensus sequence rskv or rsev. the pbm sequence of the influenza a virus ns1 is reported to contribute to high viral pathogenicity in animal studies. here ... | 2011 | 21625420 |
| the distinct binding properties between avian/human influenza a virus ns1 and postsynaptic density protein-95 (psd-95), and inhibition of nitric oxide production. | the ns1 protein of influenza a virus is able to bind with many proteins that affect cellular signal transduction and protein synthesis in infected cells. the ns1 protein consists of approximately 230 amino acids and the last 4 amino acids of the ns1 c-terminal form a pdz binding motif. postsynaptic density protein-95 (psd-95), which is mainly expressed in neurons, has 3 pdz domains. we hypothesise that ns1 binds to psd-95, and this binding is able to affect neuronal function. | 2011 | 21668967 |
| live attenuated pandemic influenza vaccine: clinical studies on a/17/california/2009/38 (h1n1) and licensing of the russian-developed technology to who for pandemic influenza preparedness in developing countries. | in february 2009, nobilon granted the world health organization (who) a non-exclusive licence to develop, register, manufacture, use and sell seasonal a pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) produced on embryonated chicken eggs. who was permitted to grant sub-licences to vaccine manufacturers in developing countries within the framework of its influenza vaccine technology transfer initiative. in parallel, the institute of experimental medicine (iem), russia, concluded an agreement wi ... | 2011 | 21684428 |
| statistical optimization of influenza h1n1 production from batch cultures of suspension vero cells (svero). | efficient vaccine production requires the growth of large quantities of virus produced with high yield from a safe host system. human influenza vaccines are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. however, over the last decade many efforts have allowed the establishment of cell culture-derived vaccines. we generated a vero cell line adapted to grow in suspension (svero) in a serum-free medium and evaluated it for its potential as host cell for influenza vaccine production. initially we studied the ... | 2011 | 21756959 |
| [aprotinin-induced inhibition of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1) reproduction]. | infectivity of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1) infectivity is shown to be activated through proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin ha0 --> ha1 + ha2 during virus propagation in the human intestinal cell line caco-2 and chicken embryonated eggs. injection of aprotinin, a natural serine protease inhibitor, into the liquid culture or allantoic cavity of chicken embryos inhibited the proteolysis of the viral ha0 and suppressed the proteolytic activation of the synthesized virus and its multicycle re ... | 2011 | 21786623 |
| Host- and strain-specific regulation of influenza virus polymerase activity by interacting cellular proteins. | Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype have recently emerged from avian zoonotic reservoirs to cause fatal human disease. Adaptation of HPAI virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (PB1, PB2, and PA proteins) and nucleoprotein (NP) to interactions with mammalian host proteins is thought to contribute to the efficiency of viral RNA synthesis and to disease severity. While proteomics experiments have identified a number of human proteins that associate with H1N1 polymera ... | 2011 | 21846828 |
| increase in viral yield in eggs and mdck cells of reassortant h5n1 vaccine candidate viruses caused by insertion of 38 amino acids into the na stalk. | the h5n1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses has spread to over 63 countries in asia, europe, and africa and has become endemic in poultry. since 2004, vaccination against h5n1 influenza has become common in domestic poultry operations in china. most influenza vaccines have been produced in embryonated chicken eggs. high yield is the essential feature of a good vaccine candidate virus. | 2011 | 21864614 |
| The 2009 pandemic H1N1 D222G hemagglutinin mutation alters receptor specificity and increases virulence in mice but not in ferrets. | The D222G (H1 numbering) hemagglutinin (HA) mutation within the receptor-binding site was detected with higher frequencies in severe cases of 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) infections. We investigated the impact of this mutation in vitro and in animal models using recombinant pH1N1 viruses. | 2011 | 21881115 |
| [High-yield reassortant virus containing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of pandemic influenza A/Moscowl/01/2009 (H1N1) virus]. | The crossing of influenza A/Moscow/01/2009 (H1N1) virus and reassortant strain X31 (H3N2) containing the genes of internal and non-structural proteins of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain gave rise to reassortant virus ReM8. The reassortant contained hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of pandemic 2009 influenza virus and 6 genes of high-yield A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain. The reassortant ReM8 produced higher yields in the embryonated chicken eggs than the parent pandemic virus, a ... | 2011 | 21899062 |
| Chicken interferon alpha pretreatment reduces virus replication of pandemic H1N1 and H5N9 avian influenza viruses in lung cell cultures from different avian species. | Type I interferons, including interferon alpha (IFN-a), represent one of the first lines of innate immune defense against influenza virus infection. Following natural infection of chickens with avian influenza virus (AIV), transcription of IFN-a is quickly up regulated along with multiple other immune-related genes. Chicken IFN-a up regulates a number of important anti-viral response genes and has been demonstrated to be an important cytokine to establish anti-viral immunity. However, the mechan ... | 2011 | 21939525 |
| comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti-h5n1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models (testing of killed and live h5 vaccine). | please cite this paper as: gambaryan et al. (2011) comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti-h5n1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models. parallel testing of killed and live h5 vaccine. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00291.x. objective parallel testing of inactivated (split and whole virion) and live vaccine was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy against homologous and heterosubtypi ... | 2011 | 21951678 |
| Genetic and clinical assessment of 2009 pandemic influenza in southern China. | South China has a proven role in the global epidemiology of previous influenza outbreaks due to its dual seasonal pattern. We present the virologic, genetic and clinical characterization of pandemic H1N1 influenza infection (pH1N1) in Shantou and Nanchang, cities in southern China, during the second wave of the 2009-2010 pandemic. | 2011 | 21997938 |
| [Current events in vaccination]. | The annual meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) ; which brought together nearly 5000 participants from over 80 countries in Vancouver, Canada, October 21 to 24, 2010 ; provided a review of the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic, evaluated vaccination programmes and presented new vaccines under development. With 12,500 deaths in the United States in 2009-2010, the influenza (H1N1) 2009 pandemic was actually less deadly than the seasonal flu. But it essentially hit the young, an ... | 2011 | 22019286 |
| Multiyear surveillance of influenza A virus in wild birds in Portugal. | This report presents the results of a multiyear (2005 to 2009) study of avian influenza virus (AIV) occurrence in wild birds in Portugal. A total of 5691 samples from wild birds belonging to 13 different orders were examined. Ninety-three samples tested positive for AIV by matrix reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, giving a total prevalence of 1.63%. Twenty-one viruses were successfully cultured in embryonated chicken eggs, which represent a rate of viral infectivity of 22.6% in the ... | 2011 | 22107094 |
| yeast expressed recombinant hemagglutinin protein of novel h1n1 elicits neutralising antibodies in rabbits and mice. | abstract: currently available vaccines for the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 produced in chicken eggs have serious impediments viz limited availability, risk of allergic reactions and the possible selection of sub-populations differing from the naturally occurring virus, whereas the cell culture derived vaccines are time consuming and may not meet the demands of rapid global vaccination required to combat the present/future pandemic. hemagglutinin (ha) based subunit vaccine for h1n1 requires ... | 2011 | 22126628 |
| in vitro inhibition of influenza virus infection by a crude extract from isatis indigotica root resulting in the prevention of viral attachment. | isatis indigotica root (iir) has been widely used as a chinese medicinal herb to treat regular seasonal influenza over the long history of traditional chinese medicinal practice. however, its inhibitory activities against influenza virus infections along with the associated mechanisms have not been investigated comprehensively. in this study, the chemical nature, mode of action and in vitro anti-influenza activities of a crude extract ( ... | 2011 | 22179315 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of green tea by-products in vitro and efficacy against influenza virus infection in chickens. | polyphenolic compounds present in green tea, particularly catechins, are known to have strong anti-influenza activity. the goal of this study was to determine whether green tea by-products could function as an alternative to common antivirals in animals compared to original green tea. inhibition of viral cytopathic effects ascertained by neutral red dye uptake was examined with 50% effective (virus-inhibitory) concentrations (ec(50)) determined. against the h1n1 virus a/nws/33, we found the anti ... | 2012 | 22184430 |
| Inhibition of Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Fusion by Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives Targeting Viral Hemagglutinin. | Hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in the early stage of the viral life cycle by binding to sialic acid on the surface of host epithelial cells and mediating fusion between virus envelope and endosome membrane for the release of viral genomes into the cytoplasm. To initiate virus fusion, endosome pH is lowered by acidification causing an irreversible conformational change of HA, which in turn results in a fusogenic HA. In this study, we describe characterization of an ... | 2011 | 22195002 |
| pandemic h1n1 influenza virus-like particles are immunogenic and provide protective immunity to pigs. | the outbreak of the 2009 influenza pandemic underscored the important role of swine in influenza virus evolution and the emergence of novel viruses with pandemic potential. vaccination is the most common practice to control swine influenza in swine industry. influenza virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines are an alternative approach and have been demonstrated to be immunogenic and confer protection against influenza virus challenge in chickens, mice and ferrets. in this study, we generated vlps con ... | 2011 | 22207090 |
| surveillance of feral cats for influenza a virus in north central florida. | please cite this paper as: gordy jt et al. (2011) surveillance of feral cats for influenza a virus in north central florida. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00325.x. background transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza and the recent pandemic h1n1 viruses to domestic cats and other felids creates concern because of the morbidity and mortality associated with human infections as well as disease in the infected animals. experimental infections have de ... | 2011 | 22212818 |
| cloned cdna of a/swine/iowa/15/1930 internal genes as a candidate backbone for reverse genetics vaccine against influenza a viruses. | reverse genetics viruses for influenza vaccine production usually utilize the internal genes of the egg-adapted a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8) strain. this egg-adapted strain provides high production yield in embryonated eggs but does not necessarily give the best yield in mammalian cell culture. in order to generate a reverse genetics viral backbone that is well-adapted to high growth in mammalian cell culture, a swine influenza isolate a/swine/iowa/15/30 (h1n1) (rg1930) that was shown to give high y ... | 2012 | 22230579 |
| regulatory, biosafety and safety challenges for novel cells as substrates for human vaccines. | in the development of novel substrates used for production of human vaccines there has been significant progress made in recent years. emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases like the recent porcine influenza a virus (h1n1) pandemic necessitated the availability of unprecedented amounts of vaccines. in addition, the high demand for vaccines in the industrialised countries has also been paralleled by a steep increase in demand in developing countries. the manufacturing capability for viral v ... | 2012 | 22342707 |
| interspecies interactions and potential influenza a virus risk in small swine farms in peru. | the recent avian influenza epidemic in asia and the h1n1 pandemic demonstrated that influenza a viruses pose a threat to global public health. the animal origins of the viruses confirmed the potential for interspecies transmission. swine are hypothesized to be prime "mixing vessels" due to the dual receptivity of their trachea to human and avian strains. additionally, avian and human influenza viruses have previously been isolated in swine. therefore, understanding interspecies contact on smallh ... | 2012 | 22420542 |
| identification of dual receptor-binding specific strains of human h5n1 viruses in china. | both the 2, 6 linkage and its topology on target cells are critical for the recognition by human influenza virus. the binding preference of avian flu virus h5n1 ha to the 2, 3-linked sialylated glycans is considered the major factor limiting its efficient infection and transmission in humans. to monitor potential adaptation of h5n1 virus in human population, the surveillance of receptor-binding specificity was undertaken in china. | 2012 | 22424634 |
| improvement of influenza vaccine strain a/vietnam/1194/2004 (h5n1) growth with the neuraminidase packaging sequence from a/puerto rico/8/34. | h5n1 influenza candidate vaccine viruses were developed using the "6+2" approach. the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes were derived from the popular h5n1 virus and the remaining six internal segments were derived from the a/puerto rico/8/34 strain (h1n1, pr8). however, some of these candidate strains have been reported to produce relatively low yields in vaccine manufacture. in this study, we found that the na vrna of the a/vietnam/1194/2004 strain (h5n1, vn1194) was poorly packag ... | 2012 | 22426370 |
| swine influenza virus infection dynamics in two pig farms; results of a longitudinal assessment. | in order to assess the dynamics of influenza virus infection in pigs, serological and virological follow-ups were conducted in two whole batches of pigs from two different farms (f1 and f2), from 3 weeks of age until market age. anti-swine influenza virus (siv) antibodies (measured by elisa and hemagglutination inhibition) and nasal virus shedding (measured by rrt-pcr and isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and mdck cells) were carried out periodically. siv isolates were subtyped and hemagglut ... | 2012 | 22452923 |
| distribution patterns of influenza virus receptors and viral attachment patterns in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of seven avian species. | this study assessed the presence of sialic acid α-2,3 and α-2,6 linked glycan receptors in seven avian species. the respiratory and intestinal tracts of the chicken, common quail, red-legged partridge, turkey, golden pheasant, ostrich, and mallard were tested by means of lectin histochemistry, using the lectins maackia amurensis agglutinin ii and sambucus nigra agglutinin, which show affinity for α-2,3 and α-2,6 receptors, respectively. additionally, the pattern of virus attachment (pva) was eva ... | 2012 | 22489675 |
| tropism of pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus. | substitutions at the receptor-binding site of the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza a virus (h1n1pdm) hemagglutinin (ha) gene may be critical in determining whether a virus binds to human or avian receptors. previous reports suggest that ha gly(222) and/or arg(223) allow viruses to bind preferentially to the α2,3-linked sialic acid found in avian species. we also demonstrated that serial passaging of influenza a virus in embryonated chicken eggs increased viral growth 32- to 64-fold, coincident with ... | 2012 | 22493594 |
| genetic engineering of live attenuated influenza viruses. | the first live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) was licensed in the usa in 2003; it is a trivalent vaccine composed of two type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and one type b influenza virus each at 10(7) fluorescent focus units (ffu). each influenza vaccine strain is a reassortant virus that contains the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) gene segments from a wild-type influenza virus and the six internal protein gene segments from a master donor virus (mdv) of either cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 ... | 2012 | 22528159 |
| development of recombinant vaccine against a(h1n1) 2009 influenza based on virus-like nanoparticles carrying the extracellular domain of m2 protein. | the conventional vaccines currently being used to deal with influenza are based on a virus obtained in chicken embryos or its components. the high variability of the major immunogenic surface proteins - hemagglutinin and neuraminidase-require the development of strain-specific vaccines that match the antigenic specificity of a newly emerging virus. recombinant vaccines based on single viral proteins that could be easily produced in standard expression systems are attractive alternatives to tradi ... | 2010 | 22649643 |
| heterologous interactions between ns1 proteins from different influenza a virus subtypes/strains. | non-structural protein 1 (ns1) of the influenza virus plays a crucial role in modulating the host immune response and facilitating virus replication. the formation of a homodimer or an oligomer is necessary for ns1 to exert its function efficiently. in the present study, the ns1 protein from the a/shantou/602/06(h3n2) virus (herein abbreviated as ns32) was found to interact with ns1 from a/shantou/169/06(h1n1), a/chicken/guangdong/1/05(h5n1) and a/quail/hong kong/g1/97(h9n2) (abbreviated as ns11 ... | 2012 | 22744180 |
| low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses infect chicken layers by different routes of inoculation. | in order to develop better control measures against avian influenza, it is necessary to understand how the virus transmits in poultry. in a previous study in which the infectivity and transmissibility of the pandemic h1n1 influenza virus was examined in different poultry species, we found that no or minimal infection occurred in chicken and turkeys intranasally (in) inoculated with the virus. however, we demonstrated that the virus can infect laying turkey hens by the intracloacal (ic) and intra ... | 2012 | 22856182 |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of reassortant h9 influenza viruses with genes from pandemic h1n1 virus. | both h9n2 avian influenza and 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses (ph1n1) are able to infect humans and swine, which has raised concerns that novel reassortant h9 viruses with ph1n1 genes might be generated in these hosts by reassortment. although previous studies have demonstrated that reassortant h9 viruses with ph1n1 genes show increased virulence in mice and transmissibility in ferrets, the virulence and transmissibility of reassortant h9 viruses in natural hosts such as chickens and swine remain unk ... | 2012 | 22875253 |
| isolation of the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and its reassortant with an h3n2 swine influenza virus from healthy weaning pigs in thailand in 2011. | a total of 300 nasal swabs were collected from 5 pig farms in two provinces in the eastern part of thailand in february 2011 and were subjected to viral isolation of influenza a viruses. two h3n2 and 6 h1n1 influenza a viruses were isolated from swabs collected from clinically healthy weaning pigs on farms in chonburi and chachoengsao provinces, respectively. the h3n2 isolates consisted of the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes closely related to thai sivs and derived from a cluster ... | 2012 | 22906589 |
| neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal receptor specificities on influenza viruses determined by a waveguide-mode sensor. | to characterize the differences in the receptor-binding specificities of human and avian influenza viruses with glycan chains, the authors performed binding analyses using an evanescent field-coupled waveguide-mode biosensor. the experiments were performed on intact viruses and hemagglutinin proteins, using gold-nanoparticle-conjugated neu5acα2,6gal and neu5acα2,3gal glycan chains. several influenza viruses belonging to subtypes h3n2 (a/udorn/307/1972, a/shandong/9/1993, a/kiev/301/1994, a/panam ... | 2013 | 23022889 |
| prior infection of chickens with h1n1 avian influenza virus elicits heterologous protection against highly pathogenic h5n2. | current vaccines for influenza are primarily killed whole virus vaccines that elicit antibody responses to the homologous virus but lack protection against heterologous viruses. using chickens as a model we have explored the possibility of using a live low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) a/goose/ab/223/2005 h1n1 virus as a vaccine to generate protective immunity against heterologous highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a/chicken/pensylvania/1370/1983 h5n2 virus challenge. virus replicated ... | 2012 | 23084852 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel reassortant h11n2 avian influenza virus isolated from a live poultry market in eastern china. | a/chicken/nanjing/908/2009(h11n2) (ck908) was isolated from a live poultry market in nanjing, china. using pcr and sequencing analysis, we obtained the complete genome sequences of the ck908 virus. the sequence analysis demonstrated that this h11n2 virus was a novel reassortant aiv whose pb1, pb2, pa, ha, np, na, m, and ns genes originated from h9n2, h7n7, h5n2, h11n8, h3n6, h6n2, h1n1, and h5n1, respectively. knowledge regarding the complete genome sequences of the ck908 virus will be useful fo ... | 2012 | 23087108 |
| live attenuated influenza viruses produced in a suspension process with avian age1.cr.pix cells. | current influenza vaccines are trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated split or subunit vaccines administered intramuscularly, or live attenuated influenza vaccines (laiv) adapted to replicate at temperatures below body temperature and administered intranasally. both vaccines are considered safe and efficient, but due to differences in specific properties may complement each other to ensure reliable vaccine coverage. by now, licensed laiv are produced in embryonated chicken eggs. in the near futur ... | 2012 | 23110398 |
| toward animal cell culture-based influenza vaccine design: viral hemagglutinin n-glycosylation markedly impacts immunogenicity. | the glycoproteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase are the major determinants of host range and tissue tropism of the influenza virus. ha is the most abundant protein in the virus particle membrane and represents the basis of most influenza vaccines. it has been reported that influenza virus ha n-glycosylation markedly depends on the host cell line used for virus production. however, little is known about how differential glycosylation affects immunogenicity of the viral proteins. this is of ... | 2013 | 23225881 |
| prior infection of chickens with h1n1 or h1n2 avian influenza elicits partial heterologous protection against highly pathogenic h5n1. | there is a critical need to have vaccines that can protect against emerging pandemic influenza viruses. commonly used influenza vaccines are killed whole virus that protect against homologous and not heterologous virus. using chickens we have explored the possibility of using live low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) a/goose/ab/223/2005 h1n1 or a/wbs/mb/325/2006 h1n2 to induce immunity against heterologous highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a/chicken/vietnam/14/2005 h5n1. h1n1 and h1n2 re ... | 2012 | 23240067 |
| comparative effectiveness of isolation techniques for contemporary influenza a virus strains circulating in exhibition swine. | the current study sought to compare the effectiveness of 2 virus isolation methods for the recovery of contemporary influenza a virus (fluav) strains circulating in swine at agricultural exhibitions. following the emergence of the influenza a (h1n1)pdm09 virus, increased surveillance of fluav strains among swine was recommended for early detection of emerging strains that threaten animal and human health. the increase in genetic drift and genomic reassortment among fluav strains infecting swine ... | 2013 | 23242667 |
| [evolution and infection biology of new influenza a viruses with pandemic potential]. | wild aquatic birds are natural hosts for a large variety of influenza a viruses. occasionally, viruses are transmitted from this reservoir to other species, such as chickens, pigs, and man, and may then cause devastating outbreaks in domestic poultry or give rise to human influenza pandemics. the h5n1-, h7n7-, h9n2-, and h2n2-viruses are considered to have high pandemic potential, because of their pathogenicity in humans and because of the lack of immune protection in the human population. howev ... | 2013 | 23275951 |
| impact of cultivation conditions on n-glycosylation of influenza virus a hemagglutinin produced in mdck cell culture. | manufacturers worldwide produce influenza vaccines in different host systems. so far, either fertilized chicken eggs or mammalian cell lines are used. in all these vaccines, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase are the major components. both are highly abundant glycoproteins in the viral envelope, and particularly ha is able to induce a strong and protective immune response. the quality characteristics of glycoproteins, such as specific activity, antigenicity, immunogenicity, binding avidity, an ... | 2013 | 23297157 |
| na proteins of influenza a viruses h1n1/2009, h5n1, and h9n2 show differential effects on infection initiation, virus release, and cell-cell fusion. | two surface glycoproteins of influenza virus, haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na), play opposite roles in terms of their interaction with host sialic acid receptors. ha attaches to sialic acid on host cell surface receptors to initiate virus infection while na removes these sialic acids to facilitate release of progeny virions. this functional opposition requires a balance. to explore what might happen when na of an influenza virus was replaced by one from another isolate or subtype, in t ... | 2013 | 23349854 |
| potency of a vaccine prepared from a/swine/hokkaido/2/1981 (h1n1) against a/narita/1/2009 (h1n1) pandemic influenza virus strain. | the pandemic 2009 (h1n1) influenza virus has spread throughout the world and is now causing seasonal influenza. to prepare for the emergence of pandemic influenza, we have established a library of virus strains isolated from birds, pigs, and humans in global surveillance studies. | 2013 | 23384324 |