Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| freedom of coccidial oocysts from newcastle disease virus. | oocysts were recovered from chickens experimentally infected with the mukteswar strain of newcastle disease virus and eimeria acervulina or e tenella. oocysts sterilised by sodium hypochlorite solution were washed, ruptured and inoculated into embryonating eggs which were examined after five days by the haemagglutination test for virus. all these tests were negative. virus, initially detected with oocysts separated from faeces, was no longer present after sporulation in 2 per cent potassium bich ... | 1983 | 6665322 |
| evaluation of a mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the treatment of bacterial and coccidial diseases of poultry. | representative experiments from work undertaken to develop a synergistic mixture of trimethoprim and sulphaquinoxaline for the preventive treatment of certain poultry diseases are described. sulphaquinoxaline in the diet for four days was shown to achieve at least an 85 per cent higher blood level than nine other sulphonamides in chicks, and the efficacies of various trimethoprim/sulphaquinoxaline regimes in the diet or in the drinking water were demonstrated against pasteurellosis, colisepticae ... | 1983 | 6665970 |
| drug sensitivity of coccidia from broiler breeder pullets and from broilers in the same integrated company. | coccidia isolated from 12 breeder pullet farms and 18 broiler farms were tested for sensitivity to anticoccidial drugs. the species eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, and e. tenella were common in the isolates and were fully pathogenic. broiler coccidia were generally resistant to zoalene but sensitive to nicarbazin. about half of the isolates had reduced sensitivity to amprolium and monensin. most of the breeder pullet coccidia were resistant to zoalene and amprolium, but almost all were highly sen ... | 1984 | 6743177 |
| zinc toxicity, zinc deficiency and zinc-copper interrelationship in eimeria acervulina-infected chicks. | three experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of duodenal coccidiosis caused by eimeria acervulina infection on zn toxicity, zn deficiency and the interrelationship between zn and cu. the coccidial infection depressed both rate and efficiency of weight gain. dietary zn addition at 2000 mg/kg depressed performance only slightly, but the 4000 mg/kg reduced both gain and gain/feed markedly. the coccidial infection appeared to have an ameliorative effect on zn toxicity ... | 1983 | 6827384 |
| the oocyst sporulation time of eimeria species from the fowl. | freshly isolated oocysts were sporulated at 29 degrees c with constant aeration. minimum sporulation time was determined by dosing the developing oocysts at intervals of 1 h to successive groups of chickens to assess the first occurrence of infective forms. microscopic analysis of the sporulating oocysts allowed calculation of the time required for 50% of the oocysts to complete the process. this was considered to be the most accurate determination and the most useful for comparative purposes. f ... | 1983 | 6856329 |
| further investigation of the pathogenicity, immunogenicity and stability of precocious eimeria acervulina. | attenuated lines of eimeria acervulina were isolated between 62 and 72 h post-infection from the houghton (h) strain. the inoculation of small numbers of oocysts of precocious (hp) lines gave substantial protection to light sussex chicks kept on litter against challenge with the virulent h strain. the precocious trait of the 72 h hp line was shown to be stable because the kinetics of oocyst production remained unaltered after 9 consecutive passages through birds in which only late developing ooc ... | 1983 | 6877863 |
| a preliminary study of the nature of infection and immunity in chickens given an attenuated line of eimeria acervulina. | the houghton (h) strain of eimeria acervulina was attenuated by serial passage through chickens of the first oocysts produced during infection. this selection pressure resulted in a reduction in the pre-patent period of the parasite, shown to be due to the selection of a line predominantly with only 3 instead of 4 generations of schizonts. the precocious line had a reproductive potential much lower than that of the parent strain and it was significantly less pathogenic. chickens given oocysts of ... | 1982 | 7063253 |
| effects of coccidiosis on the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins in chickens. | the electrophoretic distribution of serum proteins was measured in chickens inoculated with sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. tenella, and e. maxima. total serum protein decreased on day 5 and 7 postinoculation (pi) with all three species. however, the changes produced in the individual serum protein fractions differed with the species. in serum from e. acervulina-infected birds, all protein components decreased quantitatively; the largest decrease was in the alpha globulins. the over ... | 1982 | 7077437 |
| roxarsone toxicity in the chick as influenced by dietary cysteine and copper and by experimental infection with eimeria acervulina. | a series of experiments was conducted with crossbred chicks to determine the effects of l-cysteine, copper, and coccidiosis on roxarsone toxicity. levels of roxarsone in excess of 50 mg/kg depressed performance and increased kidney arsenic concentration. l-cysteine x hcl x h2o (59%) increased rate and efficiency of gain when added to the basal diet, but depressed performance, increased kidney arsenic concentration, and enhanced mortality when added to diets containing toxic levels of roxarsone ( ... | 1982 | 7088802 |
| eimeria acervulina infection in chicks fed excess copper in the presence or absence of excess dietary methionine. | five experiments were conducted with young, male, crossbred chicks to investigate the effects of experimental eimeria acervulina infection on the efficacy of supplemental cu and (or) methionine when added to a corn-soybean meal diet. duodenal coccidiosis (due to e. acervulina) and supplemental cu (500 and 750 mg/kg) depressed weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization. supplemental cu increased concentrations of cu in liver and gallbladder; experimental coccidiosis resulted in a two- to four ... | 1982 | 7096222 |
| eimeria acervulina and eimeria tenella infections in ochratoxin a-compromised broiler chickens. | a 2 x 6 factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of coccidial infections in ochratoxin a-compromised chicks. ochratoxin a was incorporated into the feed at the dose levels of 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 micrograms/g toxin in feed (ppm), and fed to the birds from 1 day of age. birds from each treatment were inoculated with either eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella at 14 days of age. ochratoxin a decreased the severity of lesions caused by both e. acervulina and e. tenel ... | 1982 | 7100060 |
| the sensitivity of field isolates of eimeria acervulina type to monensin. | the sensitivity of 32 field isolates of eimeria acervulina to 100 ppm monensin was investigated in birds inoculated with 10(6) or 10(3) oocysts. isolates were obtained from broiler farms where monensin had been used (broiler isolates) and from breeder farms where the drug had never been employed (breeder isolates). the drug was not completely effective against breeder isolates. when broiler and breeder isolates were compared, monensin was less effective against the former irrespective of whether ... | 1982 | 7201192 |
| eimeria acervulina infection in the chicken: a model system for estimating nutrient requirements during coccidiosis. | eimeria maxima inoculations of 5 x 10(4) oocysts and e. acervulina inoculations of 2 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(5) oocysts were shown to depress growth by 15 to 20% in young chicks fed crystalline amino acid (caa) diets. the intestinal lesions produced were typical of light to moderate coccidiosis. in one experiment, the performance of chicks fed monensin was increased in the presence, but not in the absence, of e. acervulina. thus, monensin prevented the negative effects of e. acervulina on chick perfor ... | 1981 | 7322984 |
| eimeria acervulina infection in the chicken: sulfur amino acid requirement of the chick during acute coccidiosis. | five assays were conducted to determine whether eimeria acervulina infection would alter the chick's sulfur amino acid (saa) requirement. chicks were housed in heated starter batteries with raised wire floors and fed completely purified crystalline amino acid diets. with light to moderate e. acervulina infection, data were somewhat inconclusive. in assay 1, infected birds responded to levels of saa above those required by healthy birds; but in two subsequent assays no difference in saa requireme ... | 1981 | 7322985 |
| experimental development of resistance of amprolium or dinitolmide in eimeria acervulina and its effect on inhibition of sporulation of oocysts. | 1981 | 7328470 | |
| cytochemical observations on sporozoites of chicken coccidia, eimeria acervulina, e. hagani, e. maxima, and e. tenella. | 1981 | 7328989 | |
| eimeria acervulina and e. mivati: oocysts, life-cycle and ability to develop in the chicken embryo. | three strains of eimeria acervulina and 3 strains of e. mivati were compared. e. acervulina was characterized by the ovoidal shape of its oocysts and their rapid sporulation, small first-generation schizonts containing few merozoites, and its inability to complete development in the chorio-allantois of chicken embryos. e. mivati had more rounded oocysts with a longer sporulation time, larger first-generation schizonts containing twice as many merozoites and it developed readily in the chorio-all ... | 1981 | 7329717 |
| effect of amprolium and dinitolmide on sporulation of oocysts of field isolates of eimeria acervulina. | a laboratory strain of eimeria acervulina and 9 field isolates consisting principally of e. acervulina were tested for sensitivity to amprolium (125 p.p.m.) or dinitolmide (125 p.p.m.) in the food and for effects of the drugs on sporulation of oocysts. judged by weight gains and lesion scores, medicaments were only partially effective against the 9 field isolates, but were highly effective against the laboratory strain. oocysts were produced in all the infections but the percentage sporulation o ... | 1981 | 7329718 |
| total intestinal absorption of glucose and l-methionine in broilers infected with eimeria acervulina, e. mivati, e. maxima or e. brunetti. | the in vitro absorption of glucose and l-methionine in the intestine of broiler chickens was measured 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (p.i.) with sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina, e. mivati, e. maxima or e. brunetti. the small intestine of each bird was divided into 8 regions of equal length and absorption was measured on 3 tissue disks of equal size from each region. the absorption rate of each substrate with each coccidial species was measured based on (1) an equal area from each re ... | 1980 | 7393622 |
| studies with eimeria acervulina and e. mivati: pathogenicity and cross-immunity. | pathogenic effects caused by graded doses of recent isolates of eimeria acervulina, e. mivati and a new isolate, thought at first to be e. mitis, were compared. cross-immunity studies were conducted with 3 strains of e. acervulina and 2 strains of e. mivati, together with the new isolate. the results showed marked similarities between e. mivati and the new isolate and clear distinctions between these and e. acervulina. e. mivati produced scattered petechiae but did not form discrete lesions in t ... | 1980 | 7443295 |
| eimeria acervulina infection: evidence for the involvement of cd8+ t lymphocytes in sporozoite transport and host protection. | host-parasite interactions during coccidial infection are complex, and host responses leading to parasite elimination are not well understood. interactions between host cells and parasites were investigated using two-color immunofluorescent staining of duodenal tissue infected with eimeria acervulina. tissues were removed from tk strain chickens 24, 48, and 72 h after primary infection with 2.5 x 10(7) normal or irradiated oocysts and also following secondary infection with 2.5 x 10(7) normal oo ... | 1995 | 7479488 |
| antigen-specific t cell proliferation following coccidia infection. | coccidia antigen-specific t lymphocyte proliferation induced by eimeria acervulina was measured in chickens congenic at the major histocompatibility complex and in two unrelated lines. sporozoites and merozoites induced high proliferation of lymphocytes following primary infection, with similar changes seen for splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes. highest antigen-specific proliferation after both primary and secondary infection was seen in line 15i5, which contributed the background genome t ... | 1993 | 7505435 |
| mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production following coccidia infection. | concanavalin a-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production were measured following infection with eimeria acervulina in lines of chickens congenic at the major histocompatibility complex and in two unrelated lines. similar proliferation responses were seen for splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes following primary but not secondary infection. greater differences in lymphocyte proliferation were found between the congenic lines and unrelated lines than among the congenic lines. ... | 1994 | 7526838 |
| epidemiological studies of coccidiosis in the domesticated fowl (gallus gallus): ii. physical condition and survival of eimeria acervulina oocysts in poultry-house litter. | the survival of coccidial oocysts in poultry-house litter has been examined. the experimental design ensured that viable oocysts were not continuously replenished by multiplication in chicks. hence, reliable oocyst survival data were obtained, which is not possible in a commercial house where there is a continuously changing population of coccidia. litter was seeded directly from infected chicks with unsporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina. whilst sporulation proceeded rapidly, oocysts simult ... | 1995 | 7550445 |
| effect of dietary raw soybeans on coccidiosis in chickens. | six battery experiments determined the effect of feeding raw soybeans (rsb) in corn-soybean diets on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. the experimental design represents a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with three dietary levels of incorporation of rsb (0, 50, and 100%), and chickens either infected or uninfected. the coccidial species tested singularly were eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima, eimeria necatrix, eimeria brunetti, and eimeria tenella. with all species of eimeria a signif ... | 1995 | 7603956 |
| coccidiosis: a radiological study of sulphaquinoxaline distribution in infected and uninfected chickens. | using scintillation counting and autoradiographical techniques, the whole-body distribution in week-old uninfected chickens of the anticoccidial agent sulphaquinoxaline (sq) labelled with 35s was established at various time intervals after a single oral dose either alone or following continuous in-feed medication with unlabelled sq, and after a single intravenous dose. the distribution was also established in chickens infected with the coccidia eimeria acervulina or e. tenella, after a single or ... | 1995 | 7674452 |
| eimeria maxima gametocyte antigens: potential use in a subunit maternal vaccine against coccidiosis in chickens. | affinity-purified gametocyte antigens (apga) from eimeria maxima, emulsified in freund's adjuvant, were injected intramuscularly into breeding hens on two or three occasions. as a result, progeny of the immunized hens were partially immune to infection with e. maxima, eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina (with a reduction in total oocyst output of 45-63% as compared with progeny of untreated hens). thus, apga in freund's adjuvant appears to have great potential as part of a maternally applied ... | 1995 | 7793129 |
| development and characterization of chicken-chicken b cell hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies that detect sporozoite and merozoite antigens of eimeria. | chicken-chicken b cell hybridomas that secrete monoclonal antibodies (mab) detecting antigens located at the anterior tip of the sporozoites of eimeria acervulina have been produced. peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) obtained from chickens infected with e. acervulina were fused with a thymidine-kinase deficient (tk-) chicken b cell line. hybridomas secreting mab binding to the sporozoite antigens of e. acervulina were selected using an elisa. two stable hybridomas, whose mab were designated as ... | 1994 | 7862608 |
| analysis of eimeria acervulina-induced changes in the intestinal t lymphocyte subpopulations in two chicken strains showing different levels of susceptibility to coccidiosis. | the major t lymphocyte subpopulations expressing cd8, cd4, or antigen-specific t cell receptor (tcr) heterodimer alpha beta (tcr2) or gamma delta (tcr1) were assessed in duodenum intraepithelium of two inbred chicken strains, sc and tk, by single- and double-label immunofluorescence (if) at various times after oral inoculation with eimeria acervulina. the duodenum intraepithelial t lymphocytes (iel) expressing the cd8 antigen (cytotoxic/suppressor t cells) increased in the sc and tk chickens fol ... | 1994 | 7908452 |
| rate and course of sporulation of oocysts of eimeria acervulina under different environmental conditions. | an experiment was conducted to determine the rate and maximum percentage of sporulation of eimeria acervulina oocysts at various environmental conditions relating to temperature (21 versus 33 degrees c) and relative humidity (rh) (40 versus 80%). measurements were made during 44 h after excretion of oocysts in 3 substrates: dry litter, clammy litter and pure faeces respectively. maximum sporulation percentage in both dry (22.6%) and clammy litter (19.5%) was higher (p < 0.005) than in pure faece ... | 1994 | 8052504 |
| evidence of a role for intestinal cd8+ lymphocytes and macrophages in transport of eimeria acervulina sporozoites. | the objective of this study was to identify host immune cells interacting with eimeria sporozoites in the intestine. one-week-old sc strain chickens were infected with 2 x 10(7) sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts. twenty-four hours postinfection, duodenal sections were removed, imbedded in tissue-tek compound, and frozen. after sectioning, tissues were stained with monoclonal antibodies to identify cd4+, cd8+, ig+, and bula+ lymphocytes, macrophages, and sporozoites; 28% of the sporozoites we ... | 1993 | 8105047 |
| effect of amprolium on production, sporulation, and infectivity of eimeria oocysts. | amprolium reduced the number of oocysts shed by eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, e. necatrix, and a mixture of susceptible strains of e. tenella. sporulation of oocysts from mediated chickens was reduced compared with that of oocysts from unmedicated chickens. sporulation was reduced by levels of 0.0250% amprolium for e. acervulina and by levels of 0.0060% for e. maxima and the susceptible e. tenella. not enough oocysts were recovered to measure sporulation of e. necatrix. sporulation reduction wa ... | 1993 | 8141759 |
| [eimeria tenella and eimeria acervulina: an antigenic stimulation in vitro of cells from immune chickens induced by adoptive transfer of protection against avian coccidiosis]. | the transfer of 5 x 10(7) or 10(8) spleen cells from e tenella-infected chickens to virgin animals after 12-20-h in vitro stimulation with whole sporozoite homogenates confers significant protection to recipients. the oocyst contents of ceca on d 7 post-infection with 20,000 e tenella oocysts were (1.33 +/- 1.10) x 10(6) in chickens which received 5 x 10(7) immune cells after 20-h in vitro stimulation and (4.64 +/- 2.85) x 10(6) in chickens receiving 5 x 10(7) stimulated cells from normal chicke ... | 1993 | 8260962 |
| anticoccidial efficacy of semduramicin. 1. evaluation against field isolates by dose titration in battery tests. | semduramicin (aviax), a novel polyether ionophore, was titrated in a series of five battery tests at 20, 25, and 30 ppm in feed to determine the optimum level for use. twelve-day-old broiler chicks were medicated for 48 h prior to inoculation in each 9-day test. the inocula included monospecific field isolates of eimeria tenella, eimeria brunetti, eimeria necatrix, and eimeria maxima, and a mixture of these species with eimeria acervulina and eimeria mitis. the numbers of oocysts inoculated were ... | 1993 | 8265494 |
| effects of different levels of oocyst inocula of eimeria acervulina, e. tenella, and e. maxima on plasma constituents, packed cell volume, lesion scores, and performance in chickens. | the effects of different levels of oocyst inocula of eimeria acervulina, e. tenella, or e. maxima on plasma carotenoids, total plasma lipids, total plasma proteins, packed cell volume (pcv), bird performance, and coccidial lesion scores were determined in male hubbard chickens. each test consisted of an uninfected treatment and either four levels (e. tenella and e. maxima) or five levels (e. acervulina) of inocula. carotenoids and lipids were significantly (p < or = 0.05) depressed by e. acervul ... | 1993 | 8452488 |
| characterization of cell-mediated responses to eimeria acervulina antigens. | in order to identify antigens from eimeria acervulina eliciting cell-mediated as well as humoral immune responses, merozoite and sporozoite fractions were separated by electrophoresis and injected into chickens. coccidia-specific antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation, and interferon production were measured to determine whether the inoculations sensitized the chickens to merozoites and sporozoites. several fractions from merozoites and sporozoites induced humoral or cell-mediated responses. ... | 1995 | 8561739 |
| response of three class-iv major histocompatibility complex haplotypes to eimeria acervulina in meat-type chickens. | 1. the importance of mhc genes and background genes in controlling disease resistance, including resistance to avian coccidiosis, has not been clarified in meat-type chickens. 2. the role of class iv mhc genes in resistance to eimeria acervulina was assessed in f2 progeny of a cross between 2 meat-type lines, selected divergently for immune response to escherichia coli. 3. disease susceptibility was assessed by lesion score, body weight, packed cell volume and carotene absorption. 4. chickens wi ... | 1995 | 8590088 |
| enrichment of cecal species of avian eimeria in a mixed culture by transfer of sporozoites from foreign host to natural host birds. | an effective method for the enrichment of two cecal species of the avian eimeria in mixed cultures has been developed. the method involves the transfer of sporozoites of eimeria tenella and eimeria adenoeides from their specific site of invasion in a foreign host bird to the natural host, and markedly increases the numbers of the cecal species in relation to the other species in the mixture. donor turkeys and chickens were inoculated with mixed cultures containing equal numbers of oocysts of the ... | 1995 | 8614699 |
| characterization of a chicken monoclonal antibody that recognizes the apical complex of eimeria acervulina sporozoites and partially inhibits sporozoite invasion of cd8+ t lymphocytes in vitro. | a stable chicken hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody (mab) that detects the apical complex of eimeria acervulina sporozoites has been developed by fusing a thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient chicken myeloma with spleen cells from chickens immunized with sporozoite antigen. the mab, designated as 6d-12-g10, recognized the apical complex of a sporozoite of 20-21 kda molecular mass on western blots. immunoelectron microscopic examination revealed that mab 6d-12-g10 stained the conoid antigen. fu ... | 1996 | 8627507 |
| efficacy of a monensin-duokvin combination against eimeria acervulina in chickens. | anticoccidial efficacy of a drug combination monensin at 8 p.p.m. plus the new antioxidant duokvin at 120 p.p.m. in the feed was compared with that of monensin alone at the recommended level of 100 p.p.m. against a field isolate of the coccidium eimeria acervulina tyzzer, 1929 in a battery study. both monensin and monensin duokvin combination were effective against e. acervulina when judged by weight gain, feed conversion and faecal scores. there was no significant difference in the chemoprophyl ... | 1996 | 8768461 |
| interaction between nutrition and eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens: development of an experimental infection model. | in three experiments broiler chickens were inoculated with sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts at 18 d of age. feed intake, body-weight gain, brush-border enzyme activities, fat digestion, protein digestion and protein retention were measured. body-weight gain was reduced during the acute phase of the infection and increased during the recovery phase of the infection. feed intake was decreased on day 4 and day 5 postinfection (pi) and increased from day 7 to day 11 pi. maltase (ec 3.2.1.20) an ... | 1996 | 8774231 |
| interaction between nutrition and eimeria acervulina infection in broiler chickens: diet compositions that improve fat digestion during eimeria acervulina infection. | previously an experimental infection model was developed in which broiler chickens were inoculated with sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts at an age of 18 d. the infection resulted in adverse performance results and reduced nutrient digestion. in two new experiments with the infection model effects of diet adjustments on fat digestion were investigated. in the first experiment addition of 0.4 g cholic acid/kg to a diet rich in animal fat resulted in increased fat digestion during the infectio ... | 1996 | 8774232 |
| changes in intestinal intra-epithelial and systemic t-cell subpopulations after an eimeria infection in chickens: comparative study between e acervulina and e tenella. | during chicken coccidiosis, the growth of the parasite in the intestinal epithelium cells leads to the development of host immune response. cell-mediated immune mechanisms appear to be mainly responsible for the acquired resistance to disease. the action of two species of eimeria, with two different intestinal localizations, on t-lymphocyte subsets was followed by fluorescent antibody cell-sorter analysis, locally at the intestinal site of the parasitic development and systemically in spleen and ... | 1996 | 8822618 |
| intraspecific polymorphisms of eimeria species due to resistance against anticoccidial drugs. | resistance analyses were done on 15 eimeria acervulina strains and 5 e. brunetti strains. in all, 55% of these strains proved to have complex profiles of resistance to anticoccidial drugs as judged by resistance-index (ri) evaluation. genomic fingerprints generated by random amplified dna (rapd) with 16 primers via the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed a high degree of similarity (si) between nonresistant strains (si up to 95%). polymorphisms including band shifts, differences in banding ... | 1996 | 8897505 |
| the ratio of the water and food consumption of chickens and its significance in the chemotherapy of coccidiosis. | an investigation was made of the relationship between the water and food consumption of healthy and sick chickens using coccidiosis as a disease model, and uninfected chickens as healthy controls, male birds of an egg-production breed and males and females of a meat-production breed were found to have simultaneously reduced water and food intakes 4 days after infection with eimeria acervulina or e. maxima, and from 4 to 6 days after infection with e. tenella. this phenomenon was associated with ... | 1996 | 8908724 |
| t lymphocyte roles during eimeria acervulina and eimeria tenella infections. | this study evaluated the effects of selective depletion of t lymphocytes on eimeria infections in chickens. cell depletions were initiated in day- or week-old hyline sc strain chickens using intra-peritoneal injections of monoclonal antibodies to cd4, cd8, or t cell receptor (tcr) alpha/beta. control chickens received injections of irrelevant monoclonal antibody or phosphate buffered saline (pbs). following the establishment of cell depletion, chickens were infected orally with e. acervulina or ... | 1996 | 8941977 |
| avian eimeria species: effect of prior or simultaneous inoculation of one species on cellular invasion by a second species in vivo and in vitro. | the effect of prior or simultaneous administration of eimeria acervulina on cellular invasion by e. acervulina, e. tenella, or e. adenoeides was examined in vivo and/or in vitro. in chickens immunized with e. acervulina oocysts, invasion by sporozoites from a challenge inoculum of e. acervulina increased slightly over invasion in naive controls, and invasion by sporozoites of e. tenella and e. adenoeides increased by factors of 1.99 and 2.26, respectively, over that in controls. conversely, simu ... | 1996 | 8980806 |
| effects of initial litter contamination level with eimeria acervulina on population dynamics and production characteristics in broilers. | the present experiment was done to obtain experimental evidence supporting the existence of an optimal initial contamination level of eimeria acervulina with respect to broiler productivity, as suggested by simulation model outcomes. three levels of initial (on day 3) contamination of the litter were applied (low, intermediate and high). the peak of oocyst excretion during the flock cycle (grow-out) (days 0-36) depended on the initial contamination level. oocysts peaked at day 15, 22 and 33 for ... | 1996 | 8983148 |
| b-cell epitope mapping within the ma16 antigenic sequence found in eimeria acervulina merozoites and sporozoites. | overlapping heptapeptides derived from the ma16 eimeria acervulina antigenic sequence (castle et al., 1991) were synthesised on polypropylene pins ('pepskan' technique, cambridge research biochemicals, uk). binding of antibodies from chickens and rabbits infected and immunised respectively with various species of eimeria oocysts (e. acervulina, e. tenella, e praecox, e. necatrix and e. maxima), was examined using the coated pins as the solid phase of an enzyme immunoassay (eia). antigenicity of ... | 1996 | 9017878 |
| the effect of added complex carbohydrates or added dietary fiber on necrotic enteritis lesions in broiler chickens. | two trials utilizing two corn diets and four wheat diets were conducted. in trial 2, all chicks were crop-infused at 9 d of age with eimeria acervulina. in both trials, a broth culture of clostridium perfringens was mixed with the diets for 3 consecutive d. necrotic enteritis lesion scores were lowest in chickens consuming the corn diet with no c. perfringens and highest in chickens fed the wheat diets with c. perfringens. chickens consuming a wheat diet with no added complex carbohydrates or ad ... | 1997 | 9037684 |
| phylogenetic relationships among eight eimeria species infecting domestic fowl inferred using complete small subunit ribosomal dna sequences. | complete 18s ribosomal rna gene sequences were determined for 8 eimeria species of chickens and for eimeria bovis of cattle. sequences were aligned with each other and with sequences from 2 sarcocystis spp., toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and 4 cryptosporidium spp. aligned sequences were analyzed by maximum parsimony to infer evolutionary relationships among the avian eimeria species. eimecia bovis was found to be the sister taxon to the 8 eimeria species infecting chickens. within the avi ... | 1997 | 9105308 |
| eimeria acervulina: influence of corticosterone-induced immunosuppression on oocyst shedding and production characteristics in broilers, and correlation with a computer simulation model. | an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of immune responsiveness on excretion of oocysts after e. acervulina infection and subsequent effects on production characteristics of broilers (gallus domesticus). these effects were determined in broilers repeatedly infected with 2.85 x 10(3) oocysts of e. acervulina and treated with various dosages of corticosterone in the diet (0, 10, 20 and 30 p.p.m.). corticosterone treatment did not have an effect on the peak oocyst excretion, althoug ... | 1997 | 9195709 |
| assessment of recombinant bovine somatotropin as an immunomodulator during avian coccidiosis: immunization with living oocysts. | coccidiosis, a disease of great economic importance to the poultry industry, is generally controlled prophylactically by additions of anticoccidial drugs to the feed. however, increasing development of drug-resistant coccidia species has stimulated searches for alternative control methods, one of which is vaccination. as part of this effort, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbst) was tested as a possible immune stimulator in combination with live oocyst vaccination. at a dose of 0.045 mg per c ... | 1997 | 9251145 |
| effects of components of artemisia annua on coccidia infections in chickens. | four experiments were run to test the anticoccidial activity of dried artemisia annua leaves and several of their chemical constituents for possible use as prophylactic feed additives. when fed over a period of 3 wk at a level of 5%, a dried leaf supplement of a. annua provided significant protection against lesions due to eimeria tenella but not eimeria acervulina or eimeria maxima. when fed over a period of 5 wk at a level of 1% to chicks undergoing immunization with a live vaccine, it provide ... | 1997 | 9251146 |
| kinetics of specific immunoglobulin a, m and g production in the duodenal and caecal mucosa of chickens infected with eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella. | the development and appearance of antibody was studied in the intestine and serum from histocompatible gb1 chickens orally infected with oocysts of eimeria acervulina (restricted to the duodenum) or eimeria tenella (restricted to the caeca). the local immune response was measured as the specific antibody levels in the supernatants of intestinal fragments (duodenum and caecum) maintained in culture for 16 h at 41 degrees c, 5% co2, 95% air. specific igm was detected 1 week after e. acervulina inf ... | 1997 | 9279583 |
| in vivo effects of chicken interferon-gamma during infection with eimeria. | newly hatched chickens are highly susceptible to infection by opportunistic pathogens during the first 1 or 2 weeks of life. the use of cytokines as therapeutic agents has been studied in animal models as well as in immunosuppressed patients. this approach has become more feasible in livestock animals, in particular poultry, with the recent cloning of cytokine genes and the development of new technologies, such as live delivery vectors. we have recently cloned the gene for chicken interferon-gam ... | 1997 | 9335433 |
| quantifying risk factors of coccidiosis in broilers using on-farm data based on a veterinary practice. | a study was done to find and quantify risk factors for coccidiosis. the study population consisted of 4774 broiler flocks kept on 177 farms. flocks were considered a case when at least one bird in the flock showed microscopic presence of oocysts in intestinal scrapings in a grow-out cycle. other flocks were defined as controls. this was done for three types of eimeria: eimeria acervulina, eimeria tenella and eimeria maxima. logistic regression was used to assess variables that influence the occu ... | 1998 | 9500183 |
| interactive effects of sodium bentonite and coccidiosis with monensin or salinomycin in chicks. | three experiments (exp.) were conducted to determine the interactive effects of sodium bentonite (nab) with the efficacy of monensin (mon) or salinomycin (sal) in coccidiosis-infected chicks. male broiler chicks 5 to 14 d of age were used, and each treatment was replicated with eight (exp. 1) or four (exp. 2 and 3) pens of five chicks each. in exp. 1, mon (80 ppm), nab (0.50%), or mon+nab were fed to uninfected and coccidiosis-infected (5 x 10(5) sporulated eimeria acervulina oocysts on day 2 of ... | 1998 | 9565245 |
| comparative efficacy of anticoccidials under the conditions of commercial broiler production and in battery trials. | coccidia were isolated from a commercial broiler farm with a history of suspected drug resistance. the sensitivity profiles of the eimeria spp. isolates against the anticoccidial drugs nicarbazin (nic), narasin (nar), halofuginone (hal), salinomycin (sal), meticlorpindol plus methylbenzoquate (met), and monensin (mon) at the recommended dose levels were followed in three battery trials (b1, b2, b3) corresponding to a field study over three periods of commercial broiler keeping (f1, f2, f3). shut ... | 1998 | 9615950 |
| recombinant chicken interferon-gamma-mediated inhibition of eimeria tenella development in vitro and reduction of oocyst production and body weight loss following eimeria acervulina challenge infection. | recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (chifn-gamma) was produced in cho-k1 or spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells by transfection with a pcdna vector or recombinant baculovirus (sf9-interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma] carrying the chifn-gamma gene. a rabbit antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an immunogenic portion of chifn-gamma recognized a 22-23-kda band in sf9-ifn-gamma cell extracts by western blot analysis. biological activity of recombinant chifn-gamma was shown by its inhi ... | 1998 | 9645322 |
| a chicken anti-conoid monoclonal antibody identifies a common epitope which is present on motile stages of eimeria, neospora, and toxoplasma. | the chicken monoclonal antibody (mab) 6d12-g10, raised against eimeria acervulina sporozoites, has previously been shown to recognize the conoid of e. acervulina sporozoites and inhibit sporozoite invasion of lymphocytes in vitro. in indirect immunofluorescent assay, the mab 6d12-g10 also reacted with merozoites from e. acervulina and identified a 21-kda merozoite protein on western blots. by confocal laser scanning microscopy, the conoid of sporozoites from 6 different avian eimeria species (e. ... | 1998 | 9645882 |
| epidemiological aspects of the use of live anticoccidial vaccines for chickens. | this review address the epidemiology (epizootiology) of coccidiosis in commercial chickens with emphasis on the effects on the use of live vaccines. surveys suggest that all seven valid species of chicken coccidia (eimeria acervulina, eimeria brunetti, eimeria maxima, eimeria mitis, eimeria necatrix, eimeria praecox and eimeria tenella) are ubiquitous. all species are pathogenic to various extents. new results are presented on the pathogeneicities of e. acervulina, e. mitis and e. praecox. unles ... | 1998 | 9724880 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on coccidiosis in chickens. | the ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic (epa) and docosahexaenoic (dha) acids were added to a broiler starter diet singly or in combination [as bulk purified ethyl ester concentrate from menhaden oil (n3fac)] in quantities similar to those found in a diet supplemented with 5% menhaden oil (mo). diets were fed to chickens from 1 d of age through 3 wk of age. at 2 wk of age, the chickens were infected with eimeria tenella, eimeria acervulina, or eimeria maxima. at 6 d postinfection (pi), the effects ... | 1998 | 9835336 |
| comparative testing of anticoccidials in broiler chickens: the role of coccidial lesion scores. | the relationship between oocyst dose and lesion score was evaluated in trials involving five field isolates each of eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima, and eimeria tenella. each trial included an uninfected, unmedicated treatment, and at least three treatments of unmedicated birds given different doses of oocysts from a single isolate. in four trials each with e. acervulina and e. tenella, and all five trials with e. maxima, infected, salinomycin-medicated (60 ppm) treatments were included. each ... | 1999 | 10230905 |
| prior or concurrent exposure to different species of avian eimeria: effect on sporozoite invasion and chick growth performance. | the effects of prior (immunity) or concurrent administration of eimeria acervulina or eimeria tenella on cellular invasion in vivo and in vitro and on growth performance in white leghorn chickens (wlc) were examined. weight gains of wlc immunized with e. acervulina and challenged with e. tenella were significantly greater than those of nonimmunized chicks challenged with e. tenella (this occurred despite the increased invasion by e. tenella in e. acervulina-immunized chicks that was reported ear ... | 1999 | 10494414 |
| effects of daily oral doses of l-arginine on coccidiosis infections in chickens. | l-arginine is an essential amino acid for chickens, as well as the substrate for biosynthesis of nitric oxide (no), a bioregulatory free radical molecule known to have antimicrobial activity. biosynthesis of no by induced nitric oxide synthase (inos) can be stimulated during immunological response to infection. therefore, in chickens, production of no as a response to an infection should be influenced by dietary levels of l-arginine. two experiments were carried out to determine whether oral dos ... | 1999 | 10560821 |
| changes in local ifn-gamma and tgf-beta4 mrna expression and intraepithelial lymphocytes following eimeria acervulina infection. | inbred chickens sc (b2b2) and tk (b15b21) display different levels of susceptibility to eimeria acervulina infection. following primary and secondary infections, sc chickens showed significantly lower oocyst production compared to tk chickens. both strains produce significantly fewer oocysts during secondary infection (si) indicating that a protective host immune response had developed subsequent to primary infection (pi). to elucidate the immunologic differences between sc and tk chickens that ... | 1999 | 10587306 |
| immunohistochemical study of s100-like protein in eimeria brunetti and eimeria acervulina. | we have investigated the expression of a calcium-binding protein, the s100 protein, in eimeria brunetti and eimeria acervulina stages. for this purpose, paraffin sections of distal ileum and bursa of fabricius or duodenum from experimentally infected chickens were treated with anti-alpha-s100 (anti-alpha subunit of s100 protein) and anti-beta-s100 (anti-beta subunit of s100 protein) monoclonal antibodies and anti-s100 whole molecule polyclonal antibody. the avidin-biotin peroxidase method was us ... | 2000 | 10681017 |
| vaccination of broilers with hvt expressing an eimeria acervulina antigen improves performance after challenge with eimeria. | the sequence encoding part of the 100 kda refractile body protein (ea1a) from eimeria acervulina was cloned into the us10 locus of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) downstream of ltr promoter. expression of the fusion protein was shown in vitro. recombinant hvt showed a delayed and slightly reduced level of viremia compared to the parent strain in spf chickens as well as in broilers. effect on the performance of broilers vaccinated with recombinant or parent hvt was measured by challenge at day 24 wi ... | 1999 | 10696444 |
| role of chicken il-2 on gammadelta t-cells and eimeria acervulina-induced changes in intestinal il-2 mrna expression and gammadelta t-cells. | continuous culture of concanavalin a (con a)-activated spleen cells in the presence of chicken recombinant il-2 (ril-2) promoted preferential growth of gammadelta t-cells. these cells displayed a high level of spontaneous cytotoxicity against lscc-rp9 tumor cells, an avian nk cell target. stimulation of il-2-dependent gammadelta t-cells with con a induced ifn-gamma and il-2 mrna transcripts, whereas stimulation with ril-2 induced only ifn-gamma mrna. subcutaneous injection of 3-week-old chickens ... | 2000 | 10713343 |
| delivery of avian cytokines by adenovirus vectors. | a fowl adenovirus serotype 8 (fav-8) recombinant was constructed by inserting an expression cassette consisting of the fav major late promoter/splice leader sequences (mlp/sl), the chicken interferon-gamma (chifn-gamma) gene and sv40 polya into sites in the right hand end of the fav-8 genome. one recombinant (a3-13) was constructed by an insertion of chifn-gamma into a 1.3 kilobase pair (kbp) deletion which removed a putative open reading frame (orf) with identity to the celo (fav serotype 1) 36 ... | 2000 | 10717297 |
| efficacy evaluation of lasalocid plus roxarsone combination medication with different geographic field strains of eimeria acervulina. | performance of broiler chickens medicated with lasalocid alone (at 125 ppm) or in combination with roxarsone (at 50 ppm) was evaluated in battery and floorpen trials after challenge with geographically different field strains of coccidia containing predominately the upper intestinal species eimeria acervulina. no significant difference in bird performance measured at 6 days postinfection (pi) was observed between lasalocid plus roxarsone-medicated (l+rm) or lasalocid-medicated (lm) birds challen ... | 2000 | 10737638 |
| a recombinant eimeria protein inducing interferon-gamma production: comparison of different gene expression systems and immunization strategies for vaccination against coccidiosis. | a rabbit antiserum against an 18- to 27-kd native protein fraction (f3) from eimeria acervulina merozoites identified a cdna (3-1e) containing a 1086-base pair insertion with an open reading frame of 170 amino acids (predicted molecular weight, 18,523). the recombinant 3-1e cdna expressed in escherichia coli produced a 60-kd fusion protein and a 23-kd protein after factor xa treatment of the fusion protein. both proteins were reactive with the f3 antiserum by western blot analysis. a rabbit anti ... | 2000 | 10879919 |
| a dna vaccine encoding a conserved eimeria protein induces protective immunity against live eimeria acervulina challenge. | coccidiosis is caused by several distinct intestinal protozoa of eimeria sp., and is responsible for intestinal lesions and severe body weight loss in chickens. to develop a dna vaccination strategy for coccidiosis, an expression vector pmp13 encoding a conserved antigen of eimeria was constructed by subcloning 3-1e cdna into pbk-cmv and used to elicit protective immunity against e. acervulina. one-day-old chickens were immunized intramuscularly (im) or subcutaneously (sc) with various doses of ... | 2000 | 10930679 |
| eimeria acervulina infection elevates plasma and muscle 3-methylhistidine levels in chickens. | to assess muscle breakdown during avian coccidiosis, the level of the nonmetabolizable amino acid 3-methylhistidine (3mh) was determined in muscle, plasma and excreta from chickens infected with eimeria acervulina. the changes in 3mh levels during infection were assessed at 1-29 days postinoculation (dpi) in animals given 5 x 10(5) oocysts per bird. the effect of levels of parasitism were evaluated at 8 dpi in birds receiving 5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(4), 5 x 10(5) or 1 x 10(6) oocysts each. the 3mh lev ... | 2000 | 10958457 |
| eimeria brunetti and eimeria necatrix in chickens of argentina and confirmation of seven species of eimeria. | ten poultry farms (broiler breeder pullets, layer pullets, and broilers) in the provinces of entre rios and buenos aires in argentina were examined for presence of eimeria spp. litter samples obtained from flocks 7-11 wk old were taken to the laboratory for oocyst counting and sporulation, then concentrated for inoculation into coccidia-free chickens. species were identified by prepatent period, oocyst size, location and appearance of lesions in the intestine, microscopic examination of mucosal ... | 2000 | 11007025 |
| effects of treatments with cyclooxygenase inhibitors on chickens infected with eimeria acervulina. | reduced weight gains and feed conversions are major sources of economic losses from avian coccidiosis. experiments were conducted to determine possible involvement of up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (cox) activity during coccidia infections that might contribute to reduced weight gain. in a series of trials, young (3 to 5 wk of age) cockerels infected with eimeria acervulina, a duodenal parasite, received oral treatments with indomethacin (im), an inhibitor of both cox-1 and cox-2, or nimesulide ... | 2000 | 11020068 |
| effect of eimeria acervulina infections on plasma l-arginine. | as part of a program to study the pathological effects of coccidia infections on growth, we have examined the relationship of plasma l-arginine (arg) levels to infective doses of eimeria acervulina and infection-associated changes in weight gain, plasma carotenoids, and plasma no2- + no3-. chickens consuming a starter ration containing 1.68% arg were infected with a range of doses of e. acervulina. at 6 d postinoculation (pi), weight gains were significantly reduced by infections with 5 x 10(5) ... | 2000 | 11055846 |
| intestinal digesta viscosity decreases during coccidial infection in broilers. | 1. the effect of intestinal digesta viscosity on bird performance in chickens with coccidiosis was compared to those without coccidiosis. 2. six hundred chicks were divided into five groups: one control group was fed a basal maize/soyabean-based diet and the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, 6 or 8 g carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) per kg of feed. at 14 d of age half the birds were individually inoculated with sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina and eimeria praecox. ... | 2000 | 11128387 |
| efficacy of diclazuril in comparison with chemical and ionophorous anticoccidials against eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. | two 42-d floor pen studies were conducted with commercial broiler chickens to measure the efficacy of 1 ppm diclazuril in the starter or grower diet in shuttle programs with 66 ppm salinomycin. study 1 compared a salinomycin to diclazuril (starter to grower diet) shuttle treatment with salinomycin to salinomycin, salinomycin to 100 ppm monensin, salinomycin to 99.8 ppm lasalocid, and unmedicated treatments. study 2 compared a diclazuril to salinomycin (starter to grower) shuttle treatment with 1 ... | 2001 | 11297280 |
| quantification of the crowding effect during infections with the seven eimeria species of the domesticated fowl: its importance for experimental designs and the production of oocyst stocks. | the 'crowding effect' in avian coccidia, following administration of graded numbers of sporulated oocysts to naïve hosts, is recognisable by two characteristics. first, increasing doses of oocysts give rise to progressively higher oocyst yields, until a level of infection is reached (the 'maximally producing dose') above which further dose increases result in progressive decreases in oocyst yields. second, the number of oocysts produced per oocyst administered (the 'reproductive potential') tend ... | 2001 | 11429169 |
| effects of whole wheat dilution v. substitution on coccidiosis in broiler chickens. | to test the hypothesis that inclusion of whole cereals in the diet of broiler chickens reduces the severity of a coccidial infection, the effects were investigated, in birds infected with eimeria acervulina, of feeding a complete pelleted control food, the control food diluted with whole wheat (400 g/kg), or a diet in which ground wheat in the pellets was substituted with whole wheat (400 g/kg) so as to achieve the same composition as the control diet. in the weeks prior to and after infection, ... | 2001 | 11432769 |
| generation and characterization of recombinant scfv antibodies detecting eimeria acervulina surface antigens. | in our previous attempt to generate monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against coccidia parasites that more accurately reflect the natural avian humoral immune response, we produced two chicken b-cell hybridomas, 5d11 and 2-1. while both cell lines secreted antibodies reactive with sporozoites of eimeria acervulina, they were produced in yields too low to conduct meaningful in vivo studies. to circumvent this problem, we produced four single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibodies from the v(h) and ... | 2001 | 11461666 |
| immune responses and resistance to eimeria acervulina of chickens divergently selected for antibody responses to sheep red blood cells. | resistance to eimeria acervulina was measured in two lines of chickens that had been divergently selected for high (h line) or low (l line) antibody (ab) responses to srbc, and in a randombred control (c) line originating from the same parental stock. fecal oocyst output of cocks from the three lines from the 17th generation was estimated after primary and secondary infection with 2 x 10(5) oocysts. in addition, ab responses to e. acervulina oocyst antigen and cellular immune responses in vitro ... | 2001 | 11469651 |
| eimeria adenoeides sporozoites: enhanced invasion of cultured cells previously inoculated with eimeria acervulina sporozoites. | the effects of prior or concurrent administration of eimeria acervulina on invasion of cultured cells by eimeria adenoeides sporozoites and possible mechanisms of action were examined. baby hamster kidney (bhk) cell cultures that were inoculated with e. acervulina sporozoites were significantly more permissive for invasion by e. adenoeides sporozoites than uninoculated cultures. enhancement of invasion by e. adenoeides did not occur when the two species were inoculated into cultures concurrently ... | 2001 | 11484851 |
| adjuvant effects of il-1beta, il-2, il-8, il-15, ifn-alpha, ifn-gamma tgf-beta4 and lymphotactin on dna vaccination against eimeria acervulina. | eight chicken cytokine genes (il-1beta, il-2, il-8, il-15, ifn-alpha, ifn-gamma, tgf-beta4, lymphotactin) were evaluated for their adjuvant effect on a suboptimal dose of an eimeria dna vaccine carrying the 3-1e parasite gene (pcdna3-1e). chickens were given two subcutaneous injections with 50 microg of the pcdna3-1e vaccine plus a cytokine expression plasmid 2 weeks apart and challenged with eimeria acervulina 1 week later. ifn-alpha (1 microg) or 10 microg of lymphotactin expressing plasmids, ... | 2001 | 11567773 |
| coccidial contamination of raspberries: mock contamination with eimeria acervulina as a model for decontamination treatment studies. | numerous outbreaks have been reported since 1995 in the united states and canada that were linked to the consumption of imported fresh raspberries contaminated with cyclospora. because cyclospora has no laboratory animal hosts, eimeria acervulina, a common chicken coccidium similar in characteristics to cyclospora, was used as a surrogate to test decontamination treatments. raspberries were mock contaminated with e. acervulina-sporulated oocysts in a water suspension, then exposed to washing, fr ... | 2001 | 11726175 |
| avian anticoccidial activity of a novel membrane-interactive peptide selected from phage display libraries. | in the present work, we describe the discovery of pw2, a novel peptide presenting in vitro activity against eimeria acervulina and e. tenella sporozoites. pw2 was selected from phage display (ph.d.) peptide libraries by an alternative method of panning using living purified e. acervulina sporozoites as targets. our results showed that the peptide disrupts the sporozoite pellicle, resembling the effect caused by most natural antimicrobial peptides. pw2 peptide was also effective against fungi and ... | 2002 | 11849705 |
| the use of diclazuril in extended withdrawal anticoccidial programs: 1. efficacy against eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. | a 49-d floor pen study was conducted with broiler chickens to compare the effects of different anticoccidial withdrawal times on the efficacy of 1 ppm diclazuril. the starter diet in three treatments contained 66 ppm salinomycin + 50 ppm roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid), followed by 1 ppm diclazuril in the grower diet commencing on day 17. diclazuril was withdrawn from these treatments on day 28, 35, or 42 (finisher diet), respectively. two other treatments in the study were given ... | 2002 | 11902410 |
| phenotypic variation among three broiler pure lines for marek's disease, coccidiosis, and antibody response to sheep red blood cells. | to identify candidate genes, chicken lines with the most divergent phenotypes are usually crossed to generate resource mapping populations, for example, either backcrossed or f2 populations. linkage between the genetic marker and the phenotypic trait locus is then tested in the mapping population. as an initial step in the development of a mapping population from commercial broilers, the goal of the current research was to evaluate the phenotypic variation among three pure lines for antibody res ... | 2002 | 12033413 |
| effect of vitamin a deficiency on host intestinal immune response to eimeria acervulina in broiler chickens. | the effects of vitamin a (vita) deficiency on the host intestinal immune response and disease susceptibility to coccidiosis were investigated in broiler chickens following oral infection with eimeria acervulina (ea). day-old male broilers were fed milo-soybean meal diets either with 8,000 iu vita/kg feed (cont) or without added vita (a-def). at 25 d, a group of randomly selected birds from each treatment was inoculated orally with ea-sporulated oocysts. intestinal immune response was assessed by ... | 2002 | 12412917 |
| enhanced mucosal immunity against eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a lactobacillus-based probiotic. | the effect of feeding a lactobacillus-based probiotic on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (iel) subpopulations and subsequent protection against coccidiosis was investigated in broiler chickens. day-old male broilers were fed standard rations without control (cont) or with a commercial probiotic (prob) primalac. differences in iel subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry at 21 d postprobiotic treatment. at 25 d of age, a group of randomly selected birds from each diet was inoculated o ... | 2003 | 12580246 |
| passage of a coccidial parasite (eimeria acervulina) through the eastern oyster (crassostrea virginica). | human illness resulting from the consumption of raw oysters is well documented for bacterial and viral pathogens but not for coccidial parasites. this study explores the passage of coccidial parasites through and the viability of these parasites in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. because both cryptosporidium and toxoplasma are human parasites and are not safe to handle, we chose to work with a close relative, eimeria acervulina, as a surrogate. this parasite was analyzed in chickens. ... | 2003 | 12696696 |
| profiling local gene expression changes associated with eimeria maxima and eimeria acervulina using cdna microarray. | eimeria parasites show preferential sites of invasion in the avian intestine and produce a species-specific host immune response. two economically important species, eimeria acervulina and eimeria maxima, preferentially invade and develop in the avian duodenum and jejunum/ileum, respectively. to investigate local host immune responses induced by parasite infection, global transcriptional changes in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iels) induced by oral inoculation of chickens with e. acer ... | 2003 | 12712262 |
| protective efficacy of a live attenuated anti-coccidial vaccine administered to 1-day-old chickens. | the efficacy of a live attenuated anti-coccidial vaccine, paracox-5, administered to 1-day-old chicks was investigated by assessing protection against changes in weight gain following virulent challenge. vaccinated birds were challenged independently 28 days later with each of the component species (eimeria acervulina, eimeria maxima, eimeria mitis or eimeria tenella), and protection was demonstrated against associated reduction in weight gain and lesion formation. in addition, an improvement in ... | 2003 | 12850920 |
| a comparison between igg antibodies against eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, and e. tenella and oocyst shedding in broiler-breeders vaccinated with live anticoccidial vaccines. | the aim of this study was to compare the igg response against eimeria acervulina, e. maxima, and e. tenella and oocyst shedding in broiler-breeders vaccinated with live (virulent or attenuated) anticoccidial vaccines. serum and faeces samples were collected from chickens before (4 days of age) and after (25 days of age) vaccination with virulent (group a) or attenuated (group b) vaccines and unvaccinated control birds (group c). criteria for evaluation included the number of oocysts shed on the ... | 2003 | 14505902 |
| anticoccidial vaccination: the absence or reduction of numbers of endogenous parasites from gross lesions in immune chickens after virulent coccidial challenge. | male and female floor-reared chickens were immunized with a live, attenuated anticoccidial vaccine (paracox) and then, 28 days after vaccination, were challenged with virulent strains of eimeria acervulina, eimeria brunetti, eimeria maxima, eimeria necatrix or eimeria tenella. the relationship between the post-challenge growth rate and specific gross lesion grades, matched in individual birds, was examined. the numbers of endogenous parasites associated with graded lesions of each species were c ... | 2003 | 14522710 |
| differential diagnosis of five avian eimeria species by polymerase chain reaction using primers derived from the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1) sequence. | chicken coccidia are protozoan parasites of the genus eimeria. they cause economical losses in the poultry industry globally. the various species can be distinguished on the basis of the morphology of the oocysts and parasitic site in intestine, but these criteria sometimes are unreliable. therefore, a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed. based on variable sequence regions, specific primers were constructed for the differentiation of five eimeria species (eimeria acerv ... | 2003 | 14630430 |
| analysis of cross-reactivity of five new chicken monoclonal antibodies which recognize the apical complex of eimeria using confocal laser immunofluorescence assay. | for apicomplexa (members) the host cell invasion is realized with the help of the organelles located at the apical tip of parasites. in this research paper the characterization of five chicken monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against eimeria acervulina sporozoites is described. all mabs reacted with molecules belonging to the apical complex of chicken eimeria sporozoites. on immunofluorescence assay (ifa) one mab, 8e-1, recognized an apical tip molecule present on all chicken eimeria sporoz ... | 2003 | 14651872 |
| intestinal immunomodulation by vitamin a deficiency and lactobacillus-based probiotic in eimeria acervulina-infected broiler chickens. | in a 2 x 2 factorial study, a broiler starter ration was amended for vitamin a (control, c; deficient, a) and probiotic status (-, p) to investigate their modulatory effects onthe host immune system. birds were inoculated orally with eimeria acervulina (ea) oocysts, and disease susceptibility was evaluated by assessment of fecal oocyst shedding. humoral and local cellular mediated immunity were assessed by evaluation of antibody and cytokine (interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma] and interleukin-2 [il-2] ... | 2003 | 14708977 |