Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| glycosylation and the activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (par(2)) by human mast cell tryptase. | 1. human mast cell tryptase appears to display considerable variation in activating proteinase-activated receptor 2 (par(2)). we found tryptase to be an inefficient activator of wild-type rat-par(2) (wt-rpar(2)) and therefore decided to explore the factors that may influence tryptase activation of par(2). 2. using a 20 mer peptide (p20) corresponding to the cleavage/activation sequence of wt-rpar(2), tryptase was as efficient as trypsin in releasing the receptor-activating sequence (sligrl.). ho ... | 2001 | 11606310 |
| original observations of filippo pacini on vibrio cholera. | 1978 | 11613633 | |
| serotypes and phage types of vibrio cholerae in mysore. | a total of 565 samples of acute diarrhoeal stools from children received over a period of twelve months from november 1996 to october 1997, yielded 289 (51.15%) isolates of v. cholerae. out of these, 277 (95.85%) were v. cholerae 01 serotype ogawa, 7 (2.42%) were v. cholerae 0139 and 5 (1.73%) were v. cholerae non-o1 non-0139. phage typing of the isolates was carried out by niced calcutta. out of 78 isolates, 69 (88.46%) belong to phage type t27. of the remaining, 3 (3.85%), 3(3.85%), 2(2.56%) a ... | 2000 | 11668944 |
| genome size reduction through multiple events of gene disintegration in buchnera aps. | the evolution of the endosymbiont buchnera during its adaptation to intracellular life involved a massive reduction in its genome. by comparing the orthologous genes of buchnera, escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae, we show that the minimal genome size of buchnera arose from multiple events of gene disintegration dispersed over the whole genome. the elimination of the genes was a continuous process that began with gene inactivation and progressed until the dna corresponding to the pseudogenes w ... | 2001 | 11672844 |
| vibrio fischeri outer membrane protein ompu plays a role in normal symbiotic colonization. | the nascent light-emitting organ of newly hatched juveniles of the hawaiian sepiolid squid euprymna scolopes is specifically colonized by cells of vibrio fischeri that are obtained from the ambient seawater. the mechanisms that promote this specific, cooperative colonization are likely to require a number of bacterial and host-derived factors and activities, only some of which have been described to date. a characteristic of many host-pathogen associations is the presence of bacterial mechanisms ... | 2001 | 11673429 |
| precise deletion of tagd and controlled depletion of its product, glycerol 3-phosphate cytidylyltransferase, leads to irregular morphology and lysis of bacillus subtilis grown at physiological temperature. | using a previously reported conditional expression system for use in bacillus subtilis (a. p. bhavsar, x. zhao, and e. d. brown, appl. environ. microbiol. 67:403-410, 2001), we report the first precise deletion of a teichoic acid biosynthesis (tag) gene, tagd, in b. subtilis. this teichoic acid mutant showed a lethal phenotype when characterized at a physiological temperature and in a defined genetic background. this tagd mutant was subject to full phenotypic rescue upon expression of the comple ... | 2001 | 11673441 |
| microbiological investigation of an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in niger state, nigeria. | 2001 | 11678939 | |
| a case of non-o:1 vibrio cholerae septicemia with meningitis, cerebral abscess and unilateral hydrocephalus in a preterm baby. | 2001 | 11681447 | |
| clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae serogroup o141 carry the ctx phage and the genes encoding the toxin-coregulated pili. | we report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with vibrio cholerae serogroup o141. like o1 and o139 serogroup strains of v. cholerae isolated from cholera cases, the o141 clinical isolates carry dna sequences that hybridize to cholera toxin (ct) gene probes. the ct genes of o1 and o139 strains are carried by a filamentous bacteriophage (termed ctx phage) which is known to use toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) as its receptor. in an effort to understand the mechanism of emergence of ... | 2001 | 11682534 |
| trifluoperazine: a broad spectrum bactericide especially active on staphylococci and vibrios. | trifluoperazine showed some significant antimicrobial activity when tested against 293 strains from two gram-positive and eight gram-negative genera. minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug were measured using an agar dilution technique. forty six of 55 strains of staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 10-50 microg/ml of trifluoperazine. this drug also inhibited strains of shigella spp., vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus at a concentration of 10-100 microg/ml. other bacteria includi ... | 2001 | 11691578 |
| analysis of 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer of vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus for detection of these species. | 2002 | 11692861 | |
| pathogenesis of infectious diarrhea. | a brief overview of some of the main features involved in normal physiological bi-directional absorption and secretion of fluid in the gut is given, including the nature and cellular location of key enzymes, ion pumps, symports, antiports and diffusion channels; the microanatomy of intestinal villous vasculature and the dynamics of villus blood flow, which together generate hypertonic zones in villus tip regions; and the production, differentiation, escalator movement (from crypt to villus tip) ... | 2001 | 11694903 |
| a novel method to calculate the g+c content of genomic dna sequences. | the base composition of a dna fragment or genome is usually measured by the proportion of a+t or g+c in the sequence. the g+c content along genomic sequences is usually calculated using an overlapping or non-overlapping sliding window method. the result and accuracy of such an approach depends on the size of the window and the moving distance adopted. in this paper, a novel windowless technique to calculate the g+c content of genomic sequences is proposed. by this method, the g+c content can be ... | 2001 | 11697737 |
| directed polar secretion of protease from single cells of vibrio cholerae via the type ii secretion pathway. | bacteria have long been thought of as little more than sacks of homogeneously distributed enzymes. however, recent cytological studies indicate that bacteria are compartmentalized with proteins involved in processes such as cell division, motility, chemotaxis, and development located at distinct sites. we have used the green fluorescent protein as a reporter to determine the cellular distribution of the extracellular protein secretion (eps)-encoded type ii secretion complex responsible for extra ... | 2001 | 11698663 |
| dna adenine methylase is essential for viability and plays a role in the pathogenesis of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and vibrio cholerae. | salmonella strains that lack or overproduce dna adenine methylase (dam) elicit a protective immune response to different salmonella species. to generate vaccines against other bacterial pathogens, the dam genes of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and vibrio cholerae were disrupted but found to be essential for viability. overproduction of dam significantly attenuated the virulence of these two pathogens, leading to, in yersinia, the ectopic secretion of virulence proteins (yersinia outer proteins) an ... | 2001 | 11705940 |
| anti-class ii monoclonal antibody-targeted vibrio cholerae tcpa pilin: modulation of serologic response, epitope specificity, and isotype. | toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) is a colonization factor required for cholera infection. it is not a strong immunogen when delivered in the context of whole cells, yet pilus subunits or tcpa derivative synthetic peptides induce protective responses. we examined the efficacy of immunizing mice with tcp conjugated to anti-class ii monoclonal antibodies (mab) with or without the addition of cholera toxin (ct) or anti-cd40 mab to determine if the serologic response to tcpa could be manipulated. anti-c ... | 2001 | 11705948 |
| immune response genes modulate serologic responses to vibrio cholerae tcpa pilin peptides. | cholera is an enteric disease caused by vibrio cholerae. toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), a type 4 pilus expressed by v. cholerae, is a cholera virulence factor that is required for host colonization. the tcp polymer is composed of subunits of tcpa pilin. antibodies directed against tcpa are protective in animal models of cholera. while natural or recombinant forms of tcpa are difficult to purify to homogeneity, it is anticipated that synthesized tcpa peptides might serve as immunogens in a subuni ... | 2001 | 11705949 |
| evaluation of cholera vaccines formulated with toxin-coregulated pilin peptide plus polymer adjuvant in mice. | cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that is caused by the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae. the low efficacy of currently available killed-whole-cell vaccines and the reactinogenicity coupled with potential reversion of live vaccines have thus far precluded widespread vaccination for the control of cholera. recent studies on the molecular nature of the virulence components that contribute to v. cholerae pathogenesis have provided insights into possible approaches for the development of ... | 2001 | 11705950 |
| [surveillance of various enteropathogenic bacteria from diarrheal cases during 1989-1999 in kobe city]. | incidence of various enteropathogenic bacteria was examined from diarrheal faecal samples that were collected from the patients of kobe city general hospital and some station hospitals (23,862), and from overseas travelers (2,855) over a period of decade (1989-1999) in kobe. a total of 1,580 strains were isolated from domestic and 331 strains from overseas travelers. the results are as follows. 1) thirteen kinds of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from domestic diarrheal cases (6.6%). sal ... | 2001 | 11712364 |
| a case of intracerebral abscess caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae. | 2001 | 11714056 | |
| [dna polymorphism of vibrio cholera and other vibrios]. | to investigate the inherent characteristics of v. cholera and other vibrios and the association between them. | 1999 | 11715512 |
| discovery and distribution of super-integrons among pseudomonads. | until recently, integrons (systems for acquisition and expression of new genetic materials) have been associated generally with antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. the discovery of 'super-integrons' in vibrionaceae suggests a greater impact of this gene acquisition mechanism on bacterial genome evolution than initially believed. super-integrons may contain more than 100 gene cassettes and may encode other determinants, including biochemical functions or virulence factors. here, we report the g ... | 2001 | 11722728 |
| haem utilization in vibrio cholerae involves multiple tonb-dependent haem receptors. | vibrio cholerae has multiple iron transport systems, one of which involves haem uptake through the outer membrane receptor huta. a huta mutant had only a slight defect in growth using haemin as the iron source, and we show here that v. cholerae encodes two additional tonb-dependent haem receptors, hutr and hasr. hutr has significant homology to huta as well as to other outer membrane haem receptors. membrane fractionation confirmed that hutr is present in the outer membrane. the hutr gene was co ... | 2001 | 11722746 |
| growth and recovery of selected gram-negative bacteria in reconditioned wastewater. | previous reports indicate that escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholerae can grow in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater over the temperature range of 4 to 46 degrees c when the biological oxygen demand of this water is <2, while its coliform growth response (cgr) is >2. in the current study, we investigated the growth response of vibrio parahaemolyticus, shigella spp., vibrio vulnificus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples with a cgr of >2 over the temperatur ... | 2001 | 11726156 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 outbreak isolates in mozambique and south africa in 1998 are multiple-drug resistant, contain the sxt element and the aada2 gene located on class 1 integrons. | the characteristics of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, serotype ogawa isolates from outbreaks of cholera in 1998 amongst migrant workers in the south african provinces of gauteng and mpumalanga, on the border of mozambique, are reported. the isolates seem to have originated from the same clone since they are of two closely related bgli ribotypes. these ribotypes had a high similarity to ribotypes of v. cholerae o1 recently found in three south-east asian countries. isolates were resistant to ... | 2001 | 11733467 |
| towards a reliable objective function for multiple sequence alignments. | multiple sequence alignment is a fundamental tool in a number of different domains in modern molecular biology, including functional and evolutionary studies of a protein family. multiple alignments also play an essential role in the new integrated systems for genome annotation and analysis. thus, the development of new multiple alignment scores and statistics is essential, in the spirit of the work dedicated to the evaluation of pairwise sequence alignments for database searching techniques. we ... | 2001 | 11734009 |
| a human volunteer challenge model using frozen bacteria of the new epidemic serotype, v. cholerae o139 in thai volunteers. | a total of 35 volunteers were recruited for an irb-approved inpatient dose-escalation challenge. the goal was to identify a dose that produced an observed cholera attack rate > or =80% and an illness of sufficient severity during the defined study period such that the model would be useful for determining vaccine protection. volunteers were challenged in groups of 5 with v. cholerae o139 that had been reconstituted immediately before use. only 2 out of 5 volunteers who received the lowest dose ( ... | 2001 | 11738758 |
| three cases of bacteremia caused by vibrio cholerae o1 in blantyre, malawi. | we report three fatal cases of bacteremia (two adults, one neonate) caused by vibrio cholerae o1 (ogawa), which occurred in the context of a community outbreak of cholera diarrhea in blantyre, malawi. only four cases of invasive disease caused by v. cholerae o1 have previously been reported. we describe the clinical features associated with these rare cases and discuss their significance. | 2001 | 11747744 |
| icmt is essential for pore formation-mediated egress of legionella pneumophila from mammalian and protozoan cells. | the final step of the intracellular life cycle of legionella pneumophila and other intracellular pathogens is their egress from the host cell after termination of intracellular replication. we have previously isolated five spontaneous mutants of l. pneumophila that replicate intracellularly similar to the wild-type strain but are defective in pore formation-mediated cytolysis and egress from mammalian and protozoan cells, and the mutants have been designated rib (release of intracellular bacteri ... | 2002 | 11748165 |
| vibrio cholerae ompu and ompt porins are differentially affected by bile. | ompt and ompu are pore-forming proteins of the outer membrane of vibrio cholerae, a pathogen that colonizes the intestine and produces cholera. expression of the ompu and ompt genes is under the regulation of toxr, a transmembrane transcriptional activator that also controls expression of virulence factors. it was recently shown that bile stimulates the toxr-mediated transcription of ompu and that ompu-expressing strains are more resistant to bile and anionic detergents than ompt-expressing cell ... | 2002 | 11748172 |
| rs1 element of vibrio cholerae can propagate horizontally as a filamentous phage exploiting the morphogenesis genes of ctxphi. | in toxigenic vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin is encoded by the ctx prophage, which consists of a core region carrying ctxab genes and genes required for ctxphi morphogenesis, and an rs2 region encoding regulation, replication, and integration functions. integrated ctxphi is often flanked by another genetic element known as rs1 which carries all open reading frames (orfs) found in rs2 and an additional orf designated rstc. we identified a single-stranded circularized form of the rs1 element, in ad ... | 2002 | 11748178 |
| epidemic of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 in berhampur, orissa. | during the months of may-june 2000, 194 patients with watery diarrhoea were admitted to the infectious diseases ward of the m.k.c.g. medical college, berhampur. ninety four rectal swabs were collected and processed according to the standard procedures. vibrio cholerae strains were isolated from 20 samples. of these 20 isolates, two were found to be v. cholerae o1 eitor ogawa strain and 18 were confirmed to be v. cholerae serotype o139. all v. cholerae o139 isolates were of a single phage type (p ... | 2001 | 11762200 |
| [experiment observations of the germicidal effects of disinfectants on vibro cholerae of el tor biotype in different water bodies]. | to study the germicidal effect of disinfectant on vibro cholerae of el tor biotype in different water bodies and to set a guidelines for disinfection in the epidemic foci of cholera. | 2001 | 11769638 |
| [study on regulation of long-chain fatty acid metabolism with the use of computer analysis of complete bacterial genomes]. | one of the main trends in the prokaryote genomics is the comparative analysis of metabolic pathways. this method can be used for the analysis of experimentally studied systems of co-regulated genes, as well as genes with unknown regulatory signals. in this study we apply the comparative analysis of regulatory signals to the genes of the enzymes for fatty acid metabolism from escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, vibrio cholerae, yersinia pestis. transcription of these genes is regulated by t ... | 2001 | 11771124 |
| catalytic mapping of the vibriobactin biosynthetic enzyme vibf. | the iron-chelating catechol siderophore vibriobactin of the pathogenic vibrio cholerae is assembled by a four-subunit, ten-domain nonribosomal peptide synthetase system, vibe, vibb, vibh, and vibf, using 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and l-threonine as precursors to two (dihydroxyphenyl)methyloxazolinyl groups in amide linkage on a norspermidine scaffold. we have utilized site-specific and domain-deletion mutagenesis to map the heterocyclization and primary and secondary amine acylation activities of th ... | 2002 | 11772022 |
| identification and characterization of a putative transcriptional regulator controlling the expression of fouling inhibitors in pseudoalteromonas tunicata. | the dark green pigmented marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas tunicata colonizes living surfaces and produces a range of extracellular compounds that inhibit common fouling organisms, including marine invertebrate larvae, algae, bacteria, and fungi. we have observed a positive correlation between the antifouling activity of p. tunicata strain d2 and the expression of pigmentation. to address the hypothesis that pigmentation and antifouling may be jointly regulated in this organism and to begin to ... | 2002 | 11772647 |
| pandemic spread of cholera: genetic diversity and relationships within the seventh pandemic clone of vibrio cholerae determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism. | the seventh cholera pandemic started in 1961 and continues today. a collection of 45 seventh pandemic isolates of v. cholerae sampled over a 33-year period were analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting. all but four pairs and one set of three isolates were distinguished. aflp revealed far more variation than ribotyping, which was until now the most useful method of revealing variation within the pandemic clone. unfortunately, the ribotype variation observed is mai ... | 2002 | 11773113 |
| [a new look at the mechanism of cholera endemicity caused by vibrio cholerae biotype eltor]. | cholera caused by vibrio cholerae biotype eltor (evc) is an endemic disease, subsiding in winter and reappearing in spring and summer. investigating the state of evc during the intermittent time is of crucial importance in controlling this disease. | 2000 | 11775883 |
| base frequencies at the second codon position of vibrio cholerae genes connect with protein function. | in this paper, the base frequency at the second codon position of the 3839 open reading frames (orfs) in the vibrio cholerae genome is analyzed. it is shown that according to the base content at this codon site, the orfs can be divided into two clusters, each containing 673 and 3166 orfs, respectively. orfs in the smaller cluster usually have significantly higher t frequency than that of a at the second codon position. for the two clusters of orfs, there are significant differences in the freque ... | 2002 | 11779136 |
| structures of two o-chain polysaccharides of citrobacter gillenii o9a,9b lipopolysaccharide. a new homopolymer of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (perosamine). | mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of citro- bacter gillenii o9a,9b released a polysaccharide (ps), which was found to consist of a single monosaccharide, 4- acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose (d-rha4nac, n-acetyl-d-perosamine). ps was studied by methylation analysis and (1)h-nmr and (13)c-nmr spectroscopy, using two-dimensional (1)h,(1)h cosy, tocsy, noesy, and h-detected (1)h,(13)c heteronuclear correlation experiments. it was found that ps includes two structurally different polysac ... | 2002 | 11784302 |
| cholera in indonesia in 1993-1999. | cholera-specific surveillance in indonesia was initiated to identify the introduction of the newly recognized vibrio cholerae non-o1, o139 serotype. findings from seven years (1993-1999) of surveillance efforts also yielded regional profiles of the importance of cholera in both epidemic and sporadic diarrheal disease occurrence throughout the archipelago. a two-fold surveillance strategy was pursued involving 1) outbreak investigations, and 2) hospital-based case recognition. rectal swabs were t ... | 2001 | 11791976 |
| viable but nonculturable bacteria: a survival strategy. | when bacteria are introduced into a new environment, environmental changes with which they are confronted may include temperature, nutrient concentration, salinity, osmotic pressure, and ph. bacterial cells dynamically adapt to these shifts in their environment, employing a variety of genetic mechanisms. bacteria, with the ability to utilize constitutive and inducible enzyme synthesis, can accommodate to growth-limiting nutrients and adjust or reroute metabolic pathways to avoid metabolic and/or ... | 2000 | 11810550 |
| [ultrastructure of renal cortex in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera]. | development of experimental cholera in suckling rabbits is associated with appearance of alterations in glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of renal cortex. ultrastructural changes of nephrons appear in the adhesion period and progress 24 hours later. in this case, particular vulnerability of the kidneys is associated with insufficient development of principal stages both in the cavity and membrane digestion in the gut, therefore, the kidney plays a role of one of the components of th ... | 2001 | 11810923 |
| comparative analysis of fur regulons in gamma-proteobacteria. | iron is an essential element for the survival and pathogenesis of bacteria. the strict control of iron homeostasis is mediated by the fur repressor, which is highly conserved among various bacterial species. here we apply the comparative genomics approach to analyze candidate fur-binding sites in the genomes of escherichia coli (k12 and o157:h7), salmonella typhi, yersinia pestis and vibrio cholerae. we describe a number of new loci encoding siderophore biosynthesis and transport proteins. a new ... | 2001 | 11812853 |
| [molecular genetic features of vibrio cholerae classica strains, that caused the asiatic cholera epidemic in russian in 1942]. | molecular genetic features of vibrio cholerae classical strains which caused an epidemic of asian cholera in russia in 1942 have been studied for the first time. these strains had a high level of choleric toxin production and toxin-coregulated adhesion piles, the main virulence factors; all the strains were auxotrophs and needed purine and/or amino acids for growth in minimal medium. moreover, having hapa structural gene in the chromosome (according to polymerase chain reaction), they did not pr ... | 2001 | 11816113 |
| response and tolerance of toxigenic vibro cholerae o1 to cold temperatures. | survival and tolerance at cold temperatures, the differentially expressed cellular proteins, and cholera toxin (ctx) production were evaluated in vibrio cholerae o1. rapid loss of culturability and change to distinct coccoid morphology occurred when cultures of v cholerae 01 were exposed to 5 degrees c directly from 35 degrees c. also, cultures of v. cholerae first exposed to 15 degrees c for 2 h and then maintained at 5 degrees c failed to exhibit an adaptive response, instead a rapid loss of v ... | 2001 | 11816983 |
| comparative genomic analysis of vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. | historically, the first six recorded cholera pandemics occurred between 1817 and 1923 and were caused by vibrio cholerae o1 serogroup strains of the classical biotype. although strains of the el tor biotype caused sporadic infections and cholera epidemics as early as 1910, it was not until 1961 that this biotype emerged to cause the 7th pandemic, eventually resulting in the global elimination of classical biotype strains as a cause of disease. the completed genome sequence of 7th pandemic el tor ... | 2002 | 11818571 |
| viability of the nonculturable vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | vibrio cholerae is capable of transforming into a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state, and, in doing so, undergoes alteration in cell morphology. in the study reported here, vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 cells were maintained in laboratory microcosms prepared with 1% instant ocean and incubated at 4 degrees c, i.e., conditions which induce the vbnc state. cells were fixed at different stages during entry into the vbnc state and, when no growth was detectable on solid or in liquid media, the ultr ... | 2001 | 11822667 |
| marine bacteria cause false-positive results in the colilert-18 rapid identification test for escherichia coli in florida waters. | the colilert-18 system for enumeration of total coliforms and escherichia coli is approved by the u.s. environmental protection agency for use in drinking water analysis and is also used by various agencies and research studies for enumeration of indicator organisms in fresh and saline waters. during monitoring of pinellas county, fla., marine waters, estimates of e. coli numbers (by colilert-18) frequently exceeded fecal coliform counts (by membrane filtration) by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. sa ... | 2002 | 11823188 |
| simple procedure for rapid identification of vibrio cholerae from the aquatic environment. | biochemical tests commonly used to screen for vibrio cholerae in environmental samples were evaluated, and we found that a combination of alkaline peptone enrichment followed by streaking on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar and testing for arginine dihydrolase activity and esculin hydrolysis was an effective rapid technique to screen for aquatic environmental v. cholerae. this technique provided 100% sensitivity and > or =70% specificity. | 2002 | 11823252 |
| microbial compounds selectively induce th1 cell-promoting or th2 cell-promoting dendritic cells in vitro with diverse th cell-polarizing signals. | upon microbial infection, specific th1 or th2 responses develop depending on the type of microbe. here, we demonstrate that different microbial compounds polarize the maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells (dcs) into stably committed th1 cell-promoting (dc1) or th2 cell-promoting (dc2) effector dcs that polarize th cells via different mechanisms. protein extract derived from the helminth schistosoma mansoni induced the development of dc2s that promote the development of th2 cells via the en ... | 2002 | 11823500 |
| acid tolerance of gastrointestinal pathogens. | the ability of pathogenic bacteria to survive in the face of host defense systems is intimately linked to virulence. this is exemplified by gastrointestinal pathogens that must survive exposure to extreme acid conditions within the stomach and organic acid conditions within the small intestine. these organisms have evolved complex systems to respond to acid stress, and recent work has revealed new genetic components involved in survival and virulence. here, we review recent work on four gastroin ... | 2002 | 11834369 |
| locating probable genes using fourier transform approach. | ftg is a web server for analyzing nucleotide sequences to predict the genes using fourier transform techniques. this server implements the existing fourier transform algorithms for gene prediction and allows the rapid visualization of analysis by output in gif format. | 2002 | 11836230 |
| [strategies of adaptive changes in vibrio cholerae in natural water reservoirs]. | the currently available data on different variations in cholera vibrio habiting in water reservoirs are summarized. the pattern of variations of the main signs of vibrions is discussed in the context of "typical-atypical-inactive-resting (uncultivable) forms". emphasis is placed on the reversible pattern and adaptive essence of variation whose basis is clonal and selective processes in the heterogeneous bacterial population. possible populational mechanisms responsible for the development of epi ... | 2001 | 11837201 |
| virulence genes in halophilic vibrio spp. isolated in common mussels. | twenty-five vibrio strains belonging to nine different species, isolated in common mussels, were examined for the presence of different virulence genes: ctxa, tcpa, toxr, toxs, ace, zot and vpi previously found in pathogenic vibrio cholerae strains. our results suggest that there is a wide dissemination of vibrio cholerae virulence genes among the various vibrio species tested. this finding raises the question of whether a different approach should be taken to study "environmental" vibrio strain ... | 2002 | 11837398 |
| vibrio cholerae-loaded poly(dl lactide co-glycolide) microparticles. | vibrio cholerae (vc)-loaded microparticles were prepared using poly(dl lactide-co-glycolide) with a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion/solvent extraction technique. particle characteristics including size distribution, vc-loading efficiencies, and in-vitro release pattern were investigated. the dispersed phase was plg dissolved in dichloromethane, and the continuous phase was water containing pvp as a stabilizer with varied sodium chloride concentrations. vc was successfully entrapped in the micropa ... | 2002 | 11837975 |
| allelic diversity and population structure in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal based on nucleotide sequence analysis. | comparative analysis of gene fragments of six housekeeping loci, distributed around the two chromosomes of vibrio cholerae, has been carried out for a collection of 29 v. cholerae o139 bengal strains isolated from india during the first epidemic period (1992 to 1993). a toxigenic o1 eltor strain from the seventh pandemic and an environmental non-o1/non-o139 strain were also included in this study. all loci studied were polymorphic, with a small number of polymorphic sites in the sequenced fragme ... | 2002 | 11844759 |
| regulation of gene expression in vibrio cholerae by toxt involves both antirepression and rna polymerase stimulation. | co-ordinate expression of many virulence genes in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is under the direct control of the toxt protein, including genes whose products are required for the biogenesis of the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin (ctx). this work examined interactions between toxt and the promoters of ctx and tcpa genes. we found that a minimum of three direct repeats of the sequence ttttgat is required for toxt-dependent activation of the ctx promoter, and that the region ... | 2002 | 11849541 |
| isolation of a glucosamine-specific kinase, a unique enzyme of vibrio cholerae. | we showed previously that chitin catabolism by the marine bacterium vibrio furnissii involves at least three signal transduction systems and many genes, several of which were molecularly cloned, and the corresponding proteins were characterized. the predicted amino acid sequences of these proteins showed a high degree of identity to the corresponding proteins from vibrio cholerae, whose complete genomic sequence has recently been determined. we have therefore initiated studies with v. cholerae. ... | 2002 | 11850417 |
| stimulation of mucosal immune response following oral administration of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli fimbriae (cfa/i) entrapped in liposomes in conjunction with inactivated whole-cell vibrio cholerae vaccine. | in this study, we have searched for an effective mucosal vaccine. an oral enterotoxigenic e. coli vaccine containing colonization factor antigen (cfa/i) associated with inactivated whole-cell v. cholerae vaccine (wcv) has been tested for safety and immunogenicity in animals. five groups of animals were used. the results showed the following: (a) vaccine containing cfa/i antigen entrapped in liposomes and associated with wcv (batch c) had increased titers of specific antibodies to cfa/i antigen i ... | 2001 | 11850896 |
| biological warfare: implications for antimicrobial use. | biological warfare is intended to incapacitate a large number of individuals at a single exposure, creating epidemic-type disease, death, and social chaos. the organisms with potential for immediate use as bacteriologic weapons are bacillus anthracis, brucella melitensis, yersinia pestis, and vibrio cholera, all necessitating antibiotic therapy for a cure. it is reasonable, therefore, to assume that a biological attack, or even a hoax, would requiure thousands of individuals over a large area to ... | 2002 | 11853654 |
| quorum-sensing regulators control virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae. | the production of virulence factors including cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is strongly influenced by environmental conditions. the well-characterized toxr signal transduction cascade is responsible for sensing and integrating the environmental information and controlling the virulence regulon. we show here that, in addition to the known components of the toxr signaling circuit, quorum-sensing regulators are involved in regulation of v. chole ... | 2002 | 11854465 |
| identification in traditional herbal medications and confirmation by synthesis of factors that inhibit cholera toxin-induced fluid accumulation. | kampo formulations are traditional herbal medications used in china and japan for many centuries to treat diarrheal diseases such as cholera. our studies were undertaken to identify and verify by chemical synthesis the active components that inhibited cholera toxin (ct), the virulence factor secreted by vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. the kampo formulation, daio-kanzo-to, inhibited ct activities (i.e., adp-ribosylation, chinese hamster ovary cell elongation); in daio-kanzo-to, d ... | 2002 | 11854470 |
| polarized secretion. | 2002 | 11864814 | |
| transfer of multiple drug resistance plasmids between bacteria of diverse origins in natural microenvironments. | plasmids harboring multiple antimicrobial-resistance determinants (r plasmids) were transferred in simulated natural microenvironments from various bacterial pathogens of human, animal, or fish origin to susceptible strains isolated from a different ecological niche. r plasmids in a strain of the human pathogen vibrio cholerae o1 e1 tor and a bovine escherichia coli strain were conjugated to a susceptible strain of the fish pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in marine ... | 1994 | 11865872 |
| epidemiological investigation of a fatal case of cholera in japan by phenotypic techniques and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | a fatal case of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae 01 el tor serotype ogawa occurred in aichi prefecture, japan in 1995. the patient was identified locally, but the route of the infection was unknown. the causative isolate and 38 other domestic and imported v. cholerae o1 isolates, obtained between 1984 and 1997, were analysed by prophage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). this was done to determine whether the isolate from this case differed ... | 2002 | 11871621 |
| effects of depuration of molluscs experimentally contaminated with escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae 01 and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the behaviour of two pathogenic vibrios (vibrio cholerae o1 and vibrio parahaemolyticus) during depuration and to compare it with that of escherichia coli, used as an indicator of suitability for consumption. | 2002 | 11872121 |
| vant, a homologue of vibrio harveyi luxr, regulates serine, metalloprotease, pigment, and biofilm production in vibrio anguillarum. | vibrio anguillarum possesses at least two n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) quorum-sensing circuits, one of which is related to the luxmn system of vibrio harveyi. in this study, we have cloned an additional gene of this circuit, vant, encoding a v. harveyi luxr-like transcriptional regulator. a v. anguillarum delta vant null mutation resulted in a significant decrease in total protease activity due to loss of expression of the metalloprotease empa, but no changes in either ahl production or virule ... | 2002 | 11872713 |
| a toxr homolog from vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 regulates its own production, bile resistance, and biofilm formation. | toxr, a transmembrane regulatory protein, has been shown to respond to environmental stimuli. to better understand how the aquatic bacterium vibrio anguillarum, a fish pathogen, responds to environmental signals that may be necessary for survival in the aquatic and fish environment, toxr and toxs from v. anguillarum serotype o1 were cloned. the deduced protein sequences were 59 and 67% identical to the vibrio cholerae toxr and toxs proteins, respectively. deletion mutations were made in each gen ... | 2002 | 11872714 |
| analyses of the roles of the three chea homologs in chemotaxis of vibrio cholerae. | the vibrio cholerae genome revealed the presence of multiple sets of chemotaxis genes, including three chea gene homologs. we found that the chea-2, but not chea-1 or chea-3, gene is essential for chemotaxis under standard conditions. loss of chemotaxis had no effect on virulence factor expression in vitro. | 2002 | 11872729 |
| modification of the multiplex pcr for unambiguous differentiation of the el tor & classical biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1. | biotyping of vibrio cholerae o1 using multiplex pcr (ctxa-tcpa) exploits the nucleotide sequence differences of the major subunit protein of the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) gene (tcpa) to differentiate between the classical and el tor biotypes. however, the presence of classical biotype specific tcpa amplicon with the el tor strains often complicates the interpretation. the effect of pcr variables on the amplification of biotype specific tcpa in the multiplex pcr has been investigated. | 2001 | 11873401 |
| molecular comparison of toxigenic clinical & non-toxigenic environmental strains of vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa isolated during an outbreak of cholera in south india. | while investigating a cholera outbreak in south india, toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae o1 were isolated from patients and from the environment, respectively. this study was performed to compare the genetic relatedness of the patient and environmental strains to determine clonal relationships among these strains and thereby determine the source of the cholera outbreak. | 2001 | 11873402 |
| increased levels of inflammatory mediators in children and adults infected with vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | investigations were carried out to study the production of factors associated with the innate immune response in the systemic and mucosal compartments in adults and children infected with vibrio cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139. the levels of nonspecific mediators of the innate defense system, i.e., prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4)), and lactoferrin (lf), as well as myeloperoxidase (mpo), were elevated at the acute stage of the disease in stools obtained from both o1- and o1 ... | 2002 | 11874856 |
| sensitive microplate assay for detection of bactericidal antibodies to vibrio cholerae o139. | a microplate assay for the detection of bactericidal antibodies to vibrio cholerae o139 is described. the assay is sensitive, highly reproducible, specific, and convenient to perform. it has been used to demonstrate the induction of serum bactericidal antibodies in vietnamese recipients of an oral, inactivated, bivalent o1/o139 vaccine, as well as in bangladeshi patients with o139 disease. in both study groups there was a significant inverse correlation between the preexposure level of antibodie ... | 2002 | 11874883 |
| a kinetic model of intermediate formation during assembly of cholera toxin b-subunit pentamers. | cholera toxin is the most important virulence factor produced by vibrio cholerae. the pentameric b-subunit of the toxin can bind to gm1-ganglioside receptors, leading to toxin entry into mammalian cells. here, the in vitro disassembly and reassembly of ctxb(5) (the b subunit pentamer of cholera toxin) is investigated. when ctxb(5) was acidified at ph 1.0 and then neutralized, the b-subunits disassembled and could no longer migrate as sds-stable pentamers on polyacrylamide gels or be captured by ... | 2002 | 11877421 |
| [ultrastructural changes of epitheliocytes and vessels of the small intestinal microcirculatory system in rabbit pups infected with cholera vibrions]. | 10-12 days old suckling rabbits-pups were infected by cholera vibrions of 01329 serogroup (16063 and m045 strains). ultrastructural changes in small intestinal epitheliocytes and microcirculatory vessels were studied. both strains caused typical cholerogenic syndrome, dystrophic and necrotic changes in epitheliocytes, epitheliocytes and lymphocytes, increase of vessel permeability, rheological disorders. focal cytoplasmic were formed, widening of intercellular spaces were observed, although the ... | 2001 | 11878240 |
| [characterization of vibrio cholerae eltor isolates according to their epidemic potential using new diagnostic cholera bacteriophages eltor ctx+ and ctx- and by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the epidemic potential of 113 v. cholerae eltor strains of different origin was determined with new diagnostic cholera bacteriophages eltor ctx+ and ctx-, as well as the test for hemolytic activity. of these strains 50 were epidemically safe and 51 were epidemically dangerous, while the epidemic potential of 12 other strains could not be detected. determination of genes ctxa, tcpa and toxr in the strains under study by means of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed that epidemically dange ... | 2001 | 11881484 |
| contribution of the adp-ribosylating and receptor-binding properties of cholera-like enterotoxins in modulating cytokine secretion by human intestinal epithelial cells. | when epithelial cells first encounter cholera toxin (ctx) produced by vibrio cholerae they secrete not only chloride ions responsible for causing diarrhoea, but also a number of cytokines that may contribute to the toxin's potent immunomodulatory properties. much less is known about the ability of the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli (etx), a close homologue of ctx, to elicit cytokine secretion by epithelial cells. this study shows that treatment of human intestinal epithelial t84 cel ... | 2002 | 11882700 |
| rapid diagnosis of cholera by coagglutination test. | in this study the coagglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of cholera is evaluated in comparison with the conventional culture method. a total of 553 stool specimens were processed from cases of acute gastro-enteritis. the sensitivity and specificity of coagglutination test was 92.77% and 95.65% respectively. the coagglutination test is found to be simple, reliable and rapid method for the diagnosis of cholera. | 2001 | 11883125 |
| emergence of vibrio cholerae 0139 in manipal-coastal karnataka-south india. | 2001 | 11883141 | |
| investigations into the safety and immunogenicity of a killed oral cholera vaccine developed in viet nam. | to evaluate a killed oral cholera vaccine produced in viet nam, and to compare the vietnamese vaccine with one that is licensed internationally. | 2002 | 11884967 |
| purification and characterization of the recombinant na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | the nqr operon from vibrio cholerae, encoding the entire six-subunit, membrane-associated, na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr), was cloned under the regulation of the p(bad) promoter. the enzyme was successfully expressed in v. cholerae. to facilitate molecular genetics studies of this sodium-pumping enzyme, a host strain of v. cholerae was constructed in which the genomic copy of the nqr operon was deleted. by using a vector containing a six-histidine tag on the carboxy ... | 2002 | 11888296 |
| randomized, controlled human challenge study of the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of a single dose of peru-15, a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine. | peru-15 is a live attenuated oral vaccine derived from a vibrio cholerae o1 el tor inaba strain by a series of deletions and modifications, including deletion of the entire ct genetic element. peru-15 is also a stable, motility-defective strain and is unable to recombine with homologous dna. we wished to determine whether a single oral dose of peru-15 was safe and immunogenic and whether it would provide significant protection against moderate and severe diarrhea in a randomized, double-blind, p ... | 2002 | 11895960 |
| adhesion and colonization of vibrio cholerae o1 on shrimp and crab carapaces. | the potential of vibrio cholerae o1 to attach to and colonize the carapaces of shrimp and crabs was evaluated. one million cells of v. cholerae o1 were spread within a circle on the external surfaces of separated carapaces and stored at 22 +/- 0.2 degrees c in a moist environment to permit adherence. attached vibrios were counted directly by an immunofluorescence technique and by the pour plate technique after detachment of the cells. to study the colonization process, rifampicin-resistant strai ... | 2002 | 11899048 |
| characterization of the outermembrane proteins of vibrio cholerae expressed in in vivo culture. | two outer membrane proteins (omps) of vibrio cholerae o1, expressed in the intestine (in vivo) but not in culture media (in vitro), were investigated. the molecular masses of those proteins were 116 kda and 15 kda, and they were not associated with iron-regulated proteins. convalescent cholera patients' sera reacted with the 15 kda protein but not with the 116 kda protein. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the 15 kda protein was homologous to v. cholerae ompt. anti-serum to the 15 kda protei ... | 2002 | 11911188 |
| the extracellular transport signal of the vibrio cholerae endochitinase (chia) is a structural motif located between amino acids 75 and 555. | chia, an 88-kda endochitinase encoded by the chia gene of the gram-negative enteropathogen vibrio cholerae, is secreted via the eps-encoded main terminal branch of the general secretory pathway (gsp), a mechanism which also transports cholera toxin. to localize the extracellular transport signal of chia that initiates transport of the protein through the gsp, a chimera comprised of chia fused at the n terminus with the maltose-binding protein (male) of escherichia coli and fused at the c terminu ... | 2002 | 11914354 |
| type 4 pilus biogenesis and type ii-mediated protein secretion by vibrio cholerae occur independently of the tonb-facilitated proton motive force. | in vibrio cholerae, elaboration of toxin-coregulated pilus and protein secretion by the extracellular protein secretion apparatus occurred in the absence of both tonb systems. in contrast, the cognate putative atpases were required for each process and could not substitute for each other. | 2002 | 11914364 |
| the genome of bacteriophage phikz of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacteriophage phikz is a giant virus that efficiently infects pseudomonas aeruginosa strains pathogenic to human and, therefore, it is attractive for phage therapy. we present here the complete phikz genome sequence and a preliminary analysis of its genome structure. the 280,334 bp genome is a linear, circularly permutated and terminally redundant, a+t-rich double-stranded dna molecule. the phikz dna has no detectable sequence homology to other viruses and microorganisms, and it does not contain ... | 2002 | 11916376 |
| induction of protective immunity by synthetic vibrio cholerae hexasaccharide derived from v. cholerae o1 ogawa lipopolysaccharide bound to a protein carrier. | synthetic antigens that mimic the terminal hexasaccharide epitope of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (bsa). conjugates with carbohydrate-to-carrier molar ratios of 15.5:1, 9.2:1, and 4.6:1 were tested for immunogenicity and efficacy in mice. the role of preimmunity to bsa and the use of adjuvant in the generation of the serologic response to the o-specific polysaccharide and protection against virulent v. cholerae was e ... | 2002 | 11920320 |
| reactivity of convalescent-phase hemolytic-uremic syndrome patient sera with the megaplasmid-encoded taga protein of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli o157. | a cosmid library of shiga toxigenic escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 strain edl933 dna was screened for clones capable of reacting with convalescent-phase serum from a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus), in an attempt to identify candidate virulence genes. one of the immunoreactive clones contained a portion of the large plasmid po157, and the immunoreactive gene product was identified as taga. the function of this 898-amino-acid protein is unknown, but it exhibits 42% amino acid sequen ... | 2002 | 11923363 |
| characteristics of a cholera outbreak, patterns of vibrio cholerae and antibiotic susceptibility testing in rural malawi. | the cumulative cholera attack rate in an epidemic in malawi in 1999/2000 was 59/100,000 population, case-fatality rate 4%, and 98% of all cases presenting to health facilities required intravenous therapy. microbiological studies showed high resistance of vibrio cholerae to commonly recommended antibiotics, predominant ogawa serotypes and no o139 isolates. | 2002 | 11925988 |
| emergence and rapid spread of tetracycline-resistant vibrio cholerae strains, madagascar. | 2002 | 11927038 | |
| compatible bacterial plasmids are targeted to independent cellular locations in escherichia coli. | targeting of dna molecules to specific subcellular positions is essential for efficient segregation, but the mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. in escherichia coli, several plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups (f, p1 and rk2) localize preferentially near the midcell and quartercell positions. here we compare the relative positions of these three plasmids using fluorescence in situ hybridization. when plasmids f and p1 were localized simultaneously usin ... | 2002 | 11927570 |
| haemophilus influenzae and vibrio cholerae genes for muth are able to fully complement a muth defect in escherichia coli. | muth, mutl and muts are essential components of the mismatch repair system in escherichia coli. whereas muts and mutl genes are found in most organisms, the muth gene is limited to some proteobacteria. we show here that the cloned genes of muth from vibrio cholerae and haemophilus influenzae are able to fully complement a muth defect in e. coli. moreover, the purified proteins were shown to be dam methylation sensitive endonucleases, which can be activated by the e. coli mutl protein. these resu ... | 2002 | 11934505 |
| n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific hemagglutinin receptor of vibrio cholerae o1 in chicken erythrocyte membranes. | n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific cell-associated hemagglutinin (ha)/lectin, previously purified from a strain of vibrio cholerae o1, had been established as an adhesin molecule of v. cholerae o1 cells. this communication records the isolation and purification of the glycoprotein receptor of the n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific ha of the v. cholerae o1 strain from chicken erythrocyte membranes. the most salient feature of this study is that the pretreatment of partially purified glycoprotein with p ... | 2002 | 11934562 |
| modelling and estimation of physical parameters in a sludge drying system. | in this paper is presented the study of a sludge drying system used to kill pathogenic organisms living in sludge. the system is modeled and the physical parameters thermal capacity, thermal resistance and thermal time constant are estimated using conventional estimation methods. | 2002 | 11936658 |
| cloning, functional expression in escherichia coli and primary characterization of a new na+/h+ antiporter, nhad, of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is the infectious agent of the deadly diarrheal disease, cholera. na+ ion homeostasis is believed to play a key role in both physiology and pathogenicity of this bacterium. however, molecular mechanisms of sodium exchange in v. cholerae are still poorly understood. in the present work a gene encoding an unusual na+/h+ antiporter, nhad, was identified in the v. cholerae genome. nhad was cloned from vibrio cholerae and expressed in escherichia coli. the antiporter functioned in an ... | 2002 | 11936836 |
| home-grown vietnamese cholera vaccine "completely safe". | 2002 | 11937407 | |
| molecular ecology of toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | toxigenic vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of cholera, an acute dehydrating diarrhea that occurs in epidemic form in many developing countries. although v. cholerae is a human pathogen, aquatic ecosystems are major habitats of vibrio species, which includes both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains that vary in their virulence gene content. v. cholerae belonging to the 01 and 0139 serogroups is commonly known to carry a set of virulence genes necessary for pathogenesis in humans. recent ... | 2002 | 11939579 |
| what makes a vibrio cholerae pandemic? | 2002 | 11944178 |