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proteomic analysis for testis of mice exposed to carbon ion radiation.this paper investigates the mechanism of action of heavy ion radiation (hir) on mouse testes. the testes of male mice subjected to whole body irradiation with carbon ion beam (0.5 and 4gy) were analyzed at 7days after irradiation. a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach was employed to investigate the alteration of protein expression in the testes. spot detection and matching were performed using the pdquest 8.0 software. a difference of more than threefold in protein quantity (normalized ...201323827780
an examination of cardiovascular collapse induced by eastern brown snake (pseudonaja textilis) venom.the pseudonaja genus (brown snakes) is widely distributed across australia and bites account for significant mortality. venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (vicc) and, less often, early cardiovascular collapse occur following envenoming by these snakes. we have previously examined possible mechanism(s) behind the early cardiovascular collapse following papuan taipan (oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming. in the present study, we investigate early cardiovascular collapse in anaesthetized rats fol ...201323830990
effect of distal his mutation on the peroxynitrite reactivity of leishmania major peroxidase.the conserved distal histidine in peroxidases has been considered to play a major role as a general acid-base catalyst for heterolytic cleavage of an oo bond in h2o2. however, heme peroxidases react with peroxynitrite to form transient intermediates but the role of the distal histidine in this reaction is still unknown. in order to investigate catalytic roles of the histidine at the distal cavity, two leishmania major peroxidase (lmp) mutants (h68e, h68v) were prepared. the rate of transition fr ...201323831153
magnetic nanoparticle-based immunosensor for electrochemical detection of hepatitis b surface antigen.an electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the biotinylated hepatitis b surface antibody was immobilized on streptavidin magnetic nanoparticles and used for targeting the hbsag. by the addition of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with secondary antibody (hrp-hbsab), a sandwich-type immunoassay format was formed. aminophenol as substrate for conjugated hrp was enzymatically changed into 3-aminophenoxazone (3-apz). this electroactive en ...201323831477
glucose level determination with a multi-enzymatic cascade reaction in a functionalized glass chip.in this work we show the functionalization of the interior of microfluidic glass chips with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) polymer brushes as anchors for co-immobilization of the enzymes glucose-oxidase and horseradish peroxidase. the formation of the brush layer and subsequent immobilization of these enzymes have been characterized on flat surfaces by atomic force microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and studied inside glass chips by field emission scanning microscopy. enz ...201323831561
development of an elisa for the quantification of the c-terminal decapeptide prothymosin α(100-109) in sera of mice infected with bacteria.apoptosis is characterized by a series of discrete biochemical events, among which is the truncation of the nuclear polypeptide prothymosin alpha (protα) by activated caspase-3. this early apoptotic event results in the generation of a carboxy-terminal fragment of protα, the immunoactive decapeptide protα(100-109). we hypothesized that the detection of increased levels of protα(100-109) in serum can be directly correlated with the induction of massive cell apoptosis, resulting from a severe bact ...201323831611
chemiluminescence immunoassay for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibody against porcine parvovirus by using horseradish peroxidase/detection antibody-coated gold nanoparticles as nanoprobes.a rapid, simple, facile, sensitive and enzyme-amplified chemiluminescence immunoassay (clia) method to detect antibodies against porcine parvovirus has been developed. horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and the detection antibody were simultaneously co-immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles using the electrostatic method to form gold nanoparticle-based nanoprobes. this nanoprobe was employed in a sandwich-type clia, which enables cl signal readout from enzymatic catalysis and results in sign ...201423832716
integrated disposable electrochemical immunosensors for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics residues in milk.the design, preparation and analytical performance of a novel integrated amperometric immunosensor based on the immobilization of selective capture antibodies on the surface of protein g-modified screen-printed dual carbon electrodes (spdces) for the multiplexed determination of sulfonamide and tetracycline antibiotics residues in milk is reported in this work. protein g was covalently immobilized onto a 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-aba) film grafted on the disposable electrode, and a direct competiti ...201323835224
stress-derived corticotropin releasing factor breaches epithelial endotoxin tolerance.loss of the endotoxin tolerance of intestinal epithelium contributes to a number of intestinal diseases. the etiology is not clear. psychological stress is proposed to compromise the intestinal barrier function. the present study aims to elucidate the role of the stress-derived corticotropin releasing factor (crf) in breaching the established intestinal epithelial endotoxin tolerance.201323840363
chemiluminescence competitive indirect enzyme immunoassay for 20 fluoroquinolone residues in fish and shrimp based on a single-chain variable fragment.a chemiluminescent competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on a mutant single-chain variable fragment (scfv), was developed to detect a broad range of fluoroquinolones (fqs) in fish and shrimp matrices. in this study, the best scfvc4a9h1_mut2 was adopted, which showed 10-fold improved affinity to sarafloxacin (sar), difloxacin (dif), and trovafloxacin (tro), while the affinity to other fqs was fully inherited from wild-type scfvc4a9h1. in the optimized generic test, scfvc4a ...201323842902
trefoil factor 3 peptide regulates migration via a twist-dependent pathway in gastric cell.trefoil factor 3 (tff3) is a member of the tff-domain peptide family and essential in regulating cell migration and maintaining mucosal integrity in gastrointestinal tract. however, the role of tff3 and its downstream regulating mechanisms in cancer cell migration remain unclear. we previously reported that tff3 prolonged the up-regulation of twist protein to modulate il-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. in this study, we investigated the role of twist protein in tff3-induced migration ...201323845905
a novel immunoproteomics method for identifying in vivo-induced campylobacter jejuni antigens using pre-adsorbed sera from infected patients.campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne and zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution. humans and chickens are hosts of this pathogen. at present, there is no ideal vaccine for controlling human campylobacteriosis or the carriage of c. jejuni by chickens. bacterial in vivo-induced antigens are useful as potential vaccine candidates and biomarkers of virulence.201323850640
investigation of spin-trapping artifacts formed by the forrester-hepburn mechanism.free radical detection with esr spin trapping relies on the specific addition of the radical to nitrone/nitroso compounds. it also has been proposed that spin traps can react in biological systems to give false-positive results. for nitrone spin traps, the reaction with nucleophiles, first described by forrester and hepburn, has been discussed as the most critical source of artifacts. for artifact identification, the esr preincubation method may be used, which employs isotopically marked spin tr ...201323851031
chondrocalcin is internalized by chondrocytes and triggers cartilage destruction via an interleukin-1β-dependent pathway.chondrocalcin is among the most highly synthesized polypeptides in cartilage. this protein is released from its parent molecule, type ii pro-collagen, after secretion by chondrocytes. a participation of extracellular, isolated chondrocalcin in mineralization was proposed more than 25 years ago, but never demonstrated. here, exogenous chondrocalcin was found to trigger mmp13 secretion and cartilage destruction ex vivo in human cartilage explants and did so by modulating the expression of interleu ...201323851124
tetra(p-tolyl)borate-functionalized solvent polymeric membrane: a facile and sensitive sensing platform for peroxidase and peroxidase mimetics.the determination of peroxidase activities is the basis for enzyme-labeled bioaffinity assays, peroxidase-mimicking dnazymes- and nanoparticles-based assays, and characterization of the catalytic functions of peroxidase mimetics. here, a facile, sensitive, and cost-effective solvent polymeric membrane-based peroxidase detection platform is described that utilizes reaction intermediates with different pka values from those of substrates and final products. several key but long-debated intermediat ...201323852960
enzyme-linked fab' fragment based competitive immunoassay for ovalbumin in hot-processed food.a hen's egg is one of the most common causes of food allergy. the allergen quantitation in hot-processed food is always a difficult task, because the protein in these samples will be denatured, insoluble, and degraded. this article presents a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the quantitation of ovalbumin in hot-processed food. its recovery was improved nearly two times by the assay method as compared with previous sandwich elisa. the heat and dl-dithiothreitol treated ov ...201323859790
dual oxidases control release of hydrogen peroxide by the gastric epithelium to prevent helicobacter felis infection and inflammation in mice.dual oxidases (duox) are conserved reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases that produce h2o2 at the epithelial cell surface. the duox enzyme comprises the duox and duox maturation factor (duoxa) subunits. mammalian genomes encode 2 duox isoenzymes (duox1/duoxa1 and duox2/duoxa2). expression of these genes is up-regulated during bacterial infections and chronic inflammatory diseases of the luminal gastrointestinal tract. the roles of duox in cellular interactions with microbe ...201323860501
horseradish peroxidase-mediated encapsulation of mammalian cells in hydrogel particles by dropping.we report a method for preparation of mammalian cell-enclosing hydrogel particles through horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-catalysed hydrogelation by dropping cell-suspending aqueous solution into an aqueous coagulation solution. an aqueous solution of 10% (w/v) gelatin derivative possessing phenolic hydroxyl (ph) moieties (gelatin-ph), hepg2 cells and 10 u/ml hrp was dropped into an aqueous coagulation solution containing 1 mm h2o2. the resultant hydrogel formed through the hrp-catalysed reaction c ...201423862725
a reductant-resistant and metal-free fluorescent probe for nitroxyl applicable to living cells.nitroxyl (hno) is a one-electron reduced and protonated derivative of nitric oxide (no) and has characteristic biological and pharmacological effects distinct from those of no. however, studies of its biosynthesis and activities are restricted by the lack of versatile hno detection methods applicable to living cells. here, we report the first metal-free and reductant-resistant hno imaging probe available for use in living cells, p-rhod. it consists of a rhodol derivative moiety as the fluorophor ...201323865676
an inhibitory antibody blocks the first step in the dithiol/disulfide relay mechanism of the enzyme qsox1.quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (qsox1) is a catalyst of disulfide bond formation that undergoes regulated secretion from fibroblasts and is over-produced in adenocarcinomas and other cancers. we have recently shown that qsox1 is required for incorporation of particular laminin isoforms into the extracellular matrix (ecm) of cultured fibroblasts and, as a consequence, for tumor cell adhesion to and penetration of the ecm. the known role of laminins in integrin-mediated cell survival and motility s ...201323867277
graphene-based nanoprobes and a prototype optical biosensing platform.biochemical and biomedical applications of graphene are critically dependent on the interaction between biomolecules and the nanomaterial. in this work, we developed a graphene-based signal-amplification nanoprobe by combining anti-immunoglobulin g (anti-igg) and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) with graphene oxide (go). the structure and function of hrp in the nano-interface of go were firstly investigated, which demonstrated that the enzyme retained 78% of its native activity and 77% of its native ...201323871873
minimal nf-κb activity in neurons.nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates immune and cell-survival signaling pathways. nf-κb has been reported to be present in neurons wherein it reportedly responds to immune and toxic stimuli, glutamate, and synaptic activity. however, because the brain contains many cell types, assays specifically measuring neuronal nf-κb activity are difficult to perform and interpret. to address this, we compared nf-κb activity in cultures of primary neocortical neu ...201323872390
cpg- and lps-activated mapk signaling in in vitro cultured salmon (salmo salar) mononuclear phagocytes.the mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) are involved in transmitting intracellular signals downstream of diverse cell surface receptors and mediate the response to ligands such as growth factors, hormones and cytokines. in addition, mapk are critically involved in the innate immune response to pathogen-derived substances, commonly referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and bacterial dna rich in cpg dinucleotides. currently, ...201323872471
cerebrospinal fluid derived from progressive multiple sclerosis patients promotes neuronal and oligodendroglial differentiation of human neural precursor cells in vitro.in the adult cns, tissue-specific germinal niches, such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, contain multipotent neural precursor cells (npcs) with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into functional brain cells (i.e. neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes). due to their intrinsic plasticity, npcs can be considered an essential part of the cellular mechanism(s) by which the cns tries to repair itself afte ...201323876320
cortico-cortical, cortico-striatal, and cortico-thalamic white matter fiber tracts generated in the macaque brain via dynamic programming.probabilistic methods have the potential to generate multiple and complex white matter fiber tracts in diffusion tensor imaging (dti). here, a method based on dynamic programming (dp) is introduced to reconstruct fibers pathways whose complex anatomical structures cannot be resolved beyond the resolution of standard dti data. dp is based on optimizing a sequentially additive cost function derived from a gaussian diffusion model whose covariance is defined by the diffusion tensor. dp is used to d ...201323879573
enzymatic assay for cu(ii) with horseradish peroxidase and its application in colorimetric logic gate.we report an ultrasensitive and colorimetric assay for cu(ii) via enzymatic amplification strategy. the enzymatic activity of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) is strongly inhibited by cu(i), which can be used indirectly to assay cu(ii). the limit of detection (lod) is 0.37 nm, and the detection of 20 nm cu(ii) in solution can be achieved with naked eyes. this assay can be used to construct a colorimetric logic gate.201323879883
amperometric aptasensor for thrombin detection using enzyme-mediated direct electrochemistry and dna-based signal amplification strategy.in this work, a new electrochemical aptasensor based on direct electron transfer and electrocatalysis of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) using exonuclease-catalyzed target recycling and hybridization chain reaction (hcr) for signal amplification was developed for highly sensitive detection of thrombin. the electrochemical signal was originated from hrp without the addition or labeling of redox probes. to construct the aptasensor, the capture probe was immobilized on gold nanoparticles (aunps) modif ...201323880107
long-term liraglutide treatment is associated with increased insulin content and secretion in β-cells, and a loss of α-cells in zdf rats.the ultimate treatment goal of diabetes is to preserve and restore islet cell function. treatment of certain diabetic animal models with incretins has been reported to preserve and possibly enhance islet function and promote islet cell growth. the studies reported here detail islet cell anatomy in animals chronically treated with the incretin analog, liraglutide. our aim was to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze islet cells from diabetic animals treated with vehicle (control) or liraglutid ...201323891763
cooperation of binding sites at the hydrophilic domain of cell-surface sulfatase sulf1 allows for dynamic interaction of the enzyme with its substrate heparan sulfate.sulf1 is a cell-surface sulfatase removing internal 6-o-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate (hs) chains. thereby it modulates the activity of hs-dependent growth factors. for hs interaction sulf1 employs a unique hydrophilic domain (hd).201323891937
effects on the local immunity in the testis by exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) in mice.exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) has been reported to induce spermatogenic disturbance through oxidant stress and affect the immune system as an adjuvant. however, the effect of dehp on the testicular immune microenvironment has not yet been investigated. in the present study, we examined the testicular immune microenvironment after exposure to doses of dehp, previously identified as no-observed-adverse-effect levels. adult male mice were administered food containing 0%, 0.01% or 0 ...201323892333
enzymatic decolorization of anthraquinone and diazo dyes using horseradish peroxidase enzyme immobilized onto various polysulfone supports.in this study, covalent immobilization of the horseradish peroxidase (hrp) onto various polysulfone supports was investigated. for this purpose, different polysulfones were methacrylated with methacryloyl chloride, and then, nonwoven fabric samples were coated by using solutions of these methacrylated polysulfones. finally, support materials were immersed into aquatic solution of hrp enzyme for covalent immobilization. structural analysis of enzyme immobilization onto various polysulfones was co ...201323892565
structure and enzymatic properties of molecular dendronized polymer-enzyme conjugates and their entrapment inside giant vesicles.macromolecular hybrid structures were prepared in which two types of enzymes, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and bovine erythrocytes cu,zn-superoxide dismutase (sod), were linked to a fluorescently labeled, polycationic, dendronized polymer (denpol). two homologous denpols of first and second generation were used and compared, and the activities of hrp and sod of the conjugates were measured in aqueous solution separately and in combination. in the latter case the efficiency of the two enzymes in ...201323895383
immune responses in mice vaccinated with a suicidal dna vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin glycoprotein from the peste des petits ruminants virus.peste des petits ruminants (ppr), an acute and highly contagious disease, affects sheep, goats, and some small ruminants. the hemagglutinin (h) glycoprotein of the ppr virus (pprv) is considered important for inducing protective immune responses. in this study, a suicidal dna vaccine based on the semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon was constructed and tested for its ability to induce immunogenicity in a mouse model. for this, the h gene of pprv was cloned and inserted into psca1, an sfv replicon ...201323896018
kinetics of enzymatic modification of quercetin with cysteine by horseradish peroxidase.the kinetic mechanism of enzymatic modification of flavonol quercetin with l-cysteine by horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was studied. reaction of modification of quercetin was followed by recording spectral changes over time at 380 nm. all reactions were performed in 100 mm phosphate buffer ph, 6.0 at 20 degrees c. kinetic parameters were determined from graphics of linear michaelis-menten equation. the values obtained at specified intervals were: v(max) = 0.17 divided by 0.91 deltaa380/min, k(m) = ...201323898486
[primary motor and primary sensory cortex are two local cortical centers of sensorimotor body representation].the ipsilateral cortical associative connections of different areas of primary somatic sensory (s1) and motor (m1) cortex were studied in 25 cats after local coagulation and infusion of horseradish peroxidase. it was shown, that the distribution of the associative fiber in m1 and s1 areas corresponded to the borders of somatotopic representation of different body parts. the fields within m1 (4y, 6ab) and s1 (1,2, 3a, 3b) with different morpho-functional organization were not connected by the sys ...201323898715
refining the statistical model for quantitative immunostaining of surface-functionalized nanoparticles by afm.recently, an atomic force microscopy (afm)-based approach for quantifying the number of biological molecules conjugated to a nanoparticle surface at low number densities was reported. the number of target molecules conjugated to the analyte nanoparticle can be determined with single nanoparticle fidelity using antibody-mediated self-assembly to decorate the analyte nanoparticles with probe nanoparticles (i.e., quantitative immunostaining). this work refines the statistical models used to quantit ...201323900671
hrp-mediated polymerization forms tough nanocomposite hydrogels with high biocatalytic performance.this communication describes the mild and quick construction of tough nanocomposite hydrogels via a horseradish peroxidase-mediated radical polymerization for effectively immobilizing enzymes to attain high catalytic performance in various solvents.201323903817
functionalized viral nanoparticles as ultrasensitive reporters in lateral-flow assays.two types of viral nanoparticles were functionalized with target-specific antibodies and multiple copies of an enzymatic reporter (horseradish peroxidase). the particles were successfully integrated into an immunochromatographic assay detecting ms2 bacteriophage, a model for viral pathogens. the sensitivity of the assay was greatly superior to conventional gold nanoparticle lateral flow assays, and results could easily be evaluated, even without advanced lab instruments.201323905160
modularity of biochemical filtering for inducing sigmoid response in both inputs in an enzymatic and gate.we report the first systematic study of designed two-input biochemical systems as information processing gates with favorable noise transmission properties accomplished by modifying the gate's response from a convex shape to sigmoid in both inputs. this is realized by an added chemical "filter" process, which recycles some of the output back into one of the inputs. we study a system involving the biocatalytic function of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase, functioning as an and gate. we consider ...201323906353
glycans from avian influenza virus are recognized by chicken dendritic cells and are targets for the humoral immune response in chicken.to increase our understanding of the interaction between avian influenza virus and its chicken host, we identified receptors for putative avian influenza virus (aiv) glycan determinants on chicken dendritic cells. chicken dendritic cells (dcs) were found to recognize glycan determinants containing terminal αgalnac, galα1-3gal, glcnacβ1-4glcnacβ1-4glcnacβ (chitotriose) and galα1-2gal. infection of chicken dendritic cells with either low pathogenic (lp) or highly pathogenic (hp) aiv results in ele ...201323911401
magnetic fe3o4@tio2 nanoparticles-based test strip immunosensing device for rapid detection of phosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase.an integrated magnetic nanoparticles-based test strip immunosensing device was developed for rapid and sensitive quantification of phosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase (bche), the biomarker of exposure to organophosphorous pesticides (op), in human plasma. in order to overcome the difficulty in scarce availability of op-specific antibody, here magnetic fe3o4@tio2 nanoparticles were used and adsorbed on the test strip through a small magnet inserted in the device to capture target op-bche through ...201323911770
hydrogen sulfide attenuates neurodegeneration and neurovascular dysfunction induced by intracerebral-administered homocysteine in mice.high levels of homocysteine (hcy), known as hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with neurovascular diseases. h2s, a metabolite of hcy, has potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, the effect of h2s has not been explored in hcy (ic)-induced neurodegeneration and neurovascular dysfunction in mice. therefore, the present study was designed to explore the neuroprotective role of h2s on hcy-induced neurodegeneration and neurovascular dysfunction. to test this hypothesis we emplo ...201323912038
the effects of hyperbaric air and hyperbaric oxygen on blood-brain barrier integrity in rats.hyperbaric oxygen (hbo) treatment yields conflicting results on blood-brain barrier (bbb) integrity under various pathological conditions and the effects of hbo on healthy brain is poorly understood. in this experimental study, the effects of hbo on bbb integrity were investigated in comparison with hyperbaric air (hba) in intact rats. four sessions of hba or hbo were applied to intact rats in 24h. bbb integrity was functionally and structurally evaluated by determining extravasation of evans bl ...201323920007
dyrk1a overexpression decreases plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and apolipoprotein a-i levels.down syndrome is caused by trisomy of all or part of human chromosome 21. individuals with down syndrome present some metabolic abnormalities involving lipoproteins, notably lower high-density lipoprotein levels associated with altered lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and apolipoprotein a-i levels. dyrk1a is a kinase overexpressed in down syndrome that can activate the stat3 pathway, which is involved in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase expression. therefore, we characterized th ...201323920041
caffeine and modafinil promote adult neuronal cell proliferation during 48 h of total sleep deprivation in rat dentate gyrus.it has been established that sleep deprivation (sd) reduces the proliferation of neuronal precursors in the adult hippocampus. it has also been reported that psychostimulant drugs modulate adult neurogenesis. we examined the modulatory role of two psychostimulant drugs modafinil and caffeine on adult neuronal cell proliferation (ncp) during 48 h of total sd. a novel automated cage shaking stimulus was used to induce sd based on animal activity. 5-bromo-2″-deoxyuridine (brdu; 50mg/kg/day i.p.) wa ...201323920241
an amperometric biosensor utilizing a ferrocene-mediated horseradish peroxidase reaction for the determination of capsaicin (chili hotness).chili hotness is very much dependent on the concentration of capsaicin present in the chili fruit. a new biosensor based on a horseradish peroxidase enzyme-capsaicin reaction mediated by ferrocene has been successfully developed for the amperometric determination of chili hotness. the amperometric biosensor is fabricated based on a single-step immobilization of both ferrocene and horseradish peroxidase in a photocurable hydrogel membrane, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). with mediation by ferr ...201323921830
determination of serum lactate with alkylamine glass bound lactate oxidase.commercial lactate oxidase (lactate:o2; oxidoreductase ec 1.1.3.2) from pediococcus species was immobilized on to alkylamine glass beads (pore diameter 55 nm) through glutaraldehyde coupling with a conjugation yield of 3.2 mg/g support and 105% retention of initial activity. immobilized enzyme showed maximum activity at ph 6.5, when incubated at 40 degrees c for 12 min and was used for determination of lactic acid in serum. the h2o2 generated from serum lactate by immobilized enzyme was measured ...200523923563
boronic acid-functionalized core-shell-shell magnetic composite microspheres for the selective enrichment of glycoprotein.in this work, core-shell-shell-structured boronic acid-functionalized magnetic composite microspheres fe3o4@sio2@poly (methyl methacrylate-co-4-vinylphenylbornoic acid) (fe3o4@sio2@p(mma-co-vpba)) with a uniform size and fine morphology were synthesized. here, fe3o4 magnetic particles were prepared by a solvothermal reaction, whereas the fe3o4@sio2 microspheres with a core-shell structure were obtained by a sol-gel process. 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (mps)-modified fe3o4@sio2 was us ...201323924282
minimal oxidation and inflammogenicity of pristine graphene with residence in the lung.two-dimensional graphitic carbon, graphene, is a new form of nanomaterial with great potential in a wide variety of applications. it is therefore crucial to investigate the behaviour of graphene in biological systems to assess potential adverse effects that might follow from inhalation exposure. in this study we focussed on medium-term effects of graphene in lung tissue by investigating the pulmonary inflammation 6 weeks after pharyngeal aspiration of unoxidised multilayered graphene platelets ( ...201423924429
comparative toxicity and apoptosis induced by diorganotins in rat pheochromocytoma (pc12) cells.as ubiquitous environmental toxicants, organotin (iv) compounds (otc) accumulate in the food chain and potential effects on human health are disquieting. the present study compared the cytotoxicity of three diorganotins, namely, dimethyltin (dmt), dibutyltin (dbt) and diphenyltin (dpt), in rat pheochromocytoma (pc12) cells, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for their cytotoxic effects were also explored. twenty-four hours exposure of pc12 cells to dbt and dpt resulted in a concentration-d ...201323927876
penicillin-binding protein 3 of streptococcus pneumoniae and its application in screening of β-lactams in milk.the soluble form of penicillin-binding protein 3 (spbp3(∗)) from streptococcus pneumoniae was expressed in escherichia coli as a six-histidine fusion protein. the protein was purified and used to develop a microplate assay in direct competitive format for the detection of penicillins and cephalosporins in milk. the assay was based on competitive inhibition of the binding of horseradish peroxidase-labeled ampicillin (hrp-amp) to the spbp3(∗) by free β-lactam antibiotics in milk. under optimized c ...201323928045
use of polyglycerol (pg), instead of polyethylene glycol (peg), prevents induction of the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon against long-circulating liposomes upon repeated administration.the accelerated blood clearance (abc) phenomenon accounts for the rapid systemic clearance of pegylated nanocarriers upon repeated administrations. igm production against the polyethylene glycol (peg) coating in pegylated liposomes is now known to be responsible for such unexpected pharmacokinetical alterations. the abc phenomenon poses a remarkable clinical challenge by reducing the therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs and causing harmful effects due to the altered tissue distribution pat ...201323928149
ppar signaling pathway is a key modulator of liver proteome in pups born to vitamin b(12) deficient rats.maternal nutritional deficiency in-utero is known to predict risk of complex disorders like cardiovascular disease, diabetes and many neurological disorders in the offspring and vitamin b12 is one such critical micronutrient. here we performed 2d-dige followed by maldi tof/tof analysis to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in liver of pups born to mothers fed vitamin b12 deficient diet vis-à-vis control diet. to further establish causality, we analyzed the effect of b12 rehabili ...201323928364
studies on neuropharmacological profile of ethanol extract of moringa oleifera leaves in mice.moringa oleifera (family moringaceae), commonly called horseradish or tree of life, is traditionally used for the treatment of epilepsy and neurologic conditions.201323933316
immobilization of enzymes by bioaffinity layering.bioaffinity immobilization exploits the affinity of the enzyme to a macro-(affinity ligand). such a macro-(affinity ligand) could be a lectin, a water-soluble polymer, or a bioconjugate of a water-soluble polymer and the appropriate affinity ligand. successive layering of the enzyme and the macro-(affinity ligand) on a matrix allows deposition of a large amount of enzyme activity on a small surface. illustrative protocols show affinity layering of a pectinase and horseradish peroxidase on concan ...201323934802
paper-based microfluidic electrochemical immunodevice integrated with nanobioprobes onto graphene film for ultrasensitive multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers.to the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on the integration of a signal amplification strategy into a microfluidic paper-based electrochemical immunodevice for the multiplexed measurement of cancer biomarkers. signal amplification was achieved through the use of graphene to modify the immunodevice surface to accelerate the electron transfer and the use of silica nanoparticles as a tracing tag to label the signal antibodies. accurate, rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-care el ...201323937646
preparation of graphene nanoplatelet-titanate nanotube composite and its advantages over the two single components as biosensor immobilization materials.a novel nanocomposite consisting of graphene nanoplatelets (gnps) and titanate nanotubes (tnts) have been synthesized successfully utilizing the hydrothermal method. the gnp-tnt composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. the voltammetric characterization of gnp-tnt composite, pure gnps and pure tnts modified horseradish peroxidase (hrp) biosensors were conducted to select ...201423939473
n-myc knockdown and apigenin treatment controlled growth of malignant neuroblastoma cells having n-myc amplification.malignant neuroblastomas mostly occur in children and are frequently associated with n-myc amplification. oncogene amplification, which is selective increase in copy number of the oncogene, provides survival advantages in solid tumors including malignant neuroblastoma. we have decreased expression of n-myc oncogene using short hairpin rna (shrna) plasmid to increase anti-tumor efficacy of the isoflavonoid apigenin (apg) in human malignant neuroblastoma sk-n-dz and sk-n-be2 cell lines that harbor ...201323941992
direct replacement of antibodies with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles in elisa--development of a novel assay for vancomycin.a simple and straightforward technique for coating microplate wells with molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanomips) to develop assays similar to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is presented here for the first time. nanomips were synthesized by a solid-phase approach with an immobilized vancomycin (template) and characterized using biacore 3000, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy. immobilization, blocking, and washing conditions were optimized in microplat ...201323947402
[establishment of the dot immunoenzyme filtration assay for quantitative detection of estriol].to make anti-estriol (e3) monoclonal antibody (mab) with high specificity, and develop a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the detection of e3 in county-level institutions.201323948419
salivary protein adsorption and streptococccus gordonii adhesion to dental material surfaces.the initial adhesion of microorganisms to clinically used dental biomaterials is influenced by physico-chemical parameters like hydrophobicity and pre-adsorption of salivary proteins. here, polymethyl methacrylate (pmma), polyethylene (pe), polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe), silicone (mucopren soft), silorane-based (filtek silorane) and methacrylate-based (tetric evoceram) dental composites, a conventional glassionomer cement as well as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (co28cr6mo) and titanium (ti6al4v) ...201323953738
pot1b regulates phagocytosis and no production by modulating activity of the small gtpase rab5.the protection of telomeres 1 (pot1) protein is a 75-kda protein that plays an important role in telomere protection, which is related to telomere elongation. although pot1 is present in and acts in the nuclei, little is known about the functions of pot1 in the cytosol. we here examined the role of pot1b in phagocytosis in a macrophage-like raw 264 cell line. we found that pot1 was present in the cytosol, where it was bound to rab5, which is a protein important for endocytosis. pot1b knockdown i ...201323954637
release of biologically active kinin peptides, met-lys-bradykinin and leu-met-lys-bradykinin from human kininogens by two major secreted aspartic proteases of candida parapsilosis.in terms of infection incidence, the yeast candida parapsilosis is the second after candida albicans as causative agent of candidiases in humans. the major virulence factors of c. parapsilosis are secreted aspartic proteases (sapps) which help the pathogen to disseminate, acquire nutrients and dysregulate the mechanisms of innate immunity of the host. in the current work we characterized the action of two major extracellular proteases of c. parapsilosis, sapp1 and sapp2, on human kininogens, pro ...201323954712
competing two enzymatic reactions realizing one-step preparation of cell-enclosing duplex microcapsules.the usefulness of cell-enclosing microcapsules in biomedical and biopharmaceutical fields is widely recognized. in this study, we developed a method enabling the preparation of microcapsules with a liquid core in one step using two enzymatic reactions, both of which consume h2 o2 competitively. the microcapsule membrane prepared in this study is composed of the hydrogel obtained from an alginate derivative possessing phenolic hydroxyl moieties (alg-ph). the cell-enclosing microcapsules with a ho ...201523955874
the effects of probiotics on barrier function and mucosal pouch microbiota during maintenance treatment for severe pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis.a total of 10-15% of patients with an ileoanal pouch develop severe pouchitis necessitating long-term use of antibiotics or pouch excision. probiotics reduce the risk of recurrence of pouchitis, but mechanisms behind these effects are not fully understood.201323957603
organic cation transporter 2 (slc22a2), a low-affinity and high-capacity choline transporter, is preferentially enriched on synaptic vesicles in cholinergic neurons.organic cation transporters (octs) are expressed mainly in the kidney and liver. octs transport intrinsic organic cations, including monoamine, dopamine, serotonine and choline, across the plasma membrane. here, we demonstrate that oct2 (slc22a2) is expressed in cholinergic neurons, motoneurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, and is implicated in acetylcholine (ach) recycling in presynaptic terminals. application of rabbit anti-peptide antibody revealed that oct2 was expressed in the an ...201323958595
superparamagnetic beads for estimation of spinal subarachnoid space permeability in rats.human spinal pathological processes have been linked to a loss of spinal subarachnoid space (ssas) permeability, which has therefore become a target for therapy. hence, it has become important to measure ssas patency in rat models of these human disorders.201323958748
probing horseradish peroxidase catalyzed degradation of azo dye from tannery wastewater.biocatalysis based effluent treatment has outclassed the presently favored physico-chemical treatments due to nil sludge production and monetary savings. azo dyes are commonly employed in the leather industry and pose a great threat to the environment. here, we show the degradation of c. i. acid blue 113 using horseradish peroxidase (hrp) assisted with h2o2 as a co-substrate. it was observed that 0.08 u hrp can degrade 3 ml of 30 mg/l dye up to 80% within 45 min with the assistance of 14 μl of h ...201323961406
development of a luminex assay for the detection of swine antibodies to non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus.foot-and mouth disease (fmd), swine vesicular disease (svd), and vesicular stomatitis (vs) are highly contagious vesicular diseases of swine but are not easy to differentiate clinically. for the purpose of instant detecting of fmd and differentiating it from the other vesicular diseases, a luminex assay was developed. sera from 64 infected, 307 vaccinated, and 280 naïve pigs were tested by the luminex assay. diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 100%. diagnostic specificity of the assay was 98 ...201323962586
cxcl1 contributes to β-amyloid-induced transendothelial migration of monocytes in alzheimer's disease.bone marrow-derived microglia that originates in part from hematopoietic cells, and more particularly from monocytes preferentially attach to amyloid deposition in brains of alzheimer's disease (ad). however, the mechanism of monocytes recruited into the amyloid plaques with an accelerated process in ad is unclear.201323967336
role of calpains in the injury-induced dysfunction and degeneration of the mammalian axon.axonal injury and degeneration, whether primary or secondary, contribute to the morbidity and mortality seen in many acquired and inherited central nervous system (cns) and peripheral nervous system (pns) disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and peripheral neuropathies. the calpain family of proteases has been mechanistically linked to the dysfunction and degeneration of axons. while the direct mechanisms by which transecti ...201323969238
chemical, enzymatic and cellular antioxidant activity studies of agaricus blazei murrill.mushrooms possess nutritional and medicinal properties that have long been used for human health preservation and that have been considered by researchers as possible sources of free radical scavengers. in this work, the antioxidant properties of water extracts from agaricus blazei murill, produced by maceration and decoction, are demonstrated in vitro. resistance to oxidation is demonstrated through three mechanisms: i) inhibition of enzymatic oxidative process, with 100% inhibition of hrp (hor ...201323969852
aerobic endurance capacity affects spatial memory and sirt1 is a potent modulator of 8-oxoguanine repair.regular exercise promotes brain function via a wide range of adaptive responses, including the increased expression of antioxidant and oxidative dna damage-repairing systems. accumulation of oxidized dna base lesions and strand breaks is etiologically linked to for example aging processes and age-associated diseases. here we tested whether exercise training has an impact on brain function, extent of neurogenesis, and expression of 8-oxoguanine dna glycosylase-1 (ogg1) and sirt1 (silent mating-ty ...201323973402
calmodulin-dependent regulation of neurotransmitter release differs in subsets of neuronal cells.the purpose of this study was to determine whether calmodulin (cam) plays a role in neurotransmitter release by examining the effect that ophiobolin a (oba), a cam antagonist, on neurotransmitter release from clonal rat pheochromocytoma pc12 cells, primary cortical neurons, and primary cerebellar granule cells. oba inhibited ca²⁺/cam-dependent phosphorylation of camp response element binding protein in all cell types tested. moreover, ca²⁺-dependent release of dopamine and acetylcholine from pc1 ...201323973605
social and environmental contexts modulate sleep deprivation-induced c-fos activation in rats.people often sleep deprive themselves voluntarily for social and lifestyle reasons. animals also appear to stay awake longer as a result of their natural curiosity to explore novel environments and interact socially with conspecifics. although multiple arousal systems in the brain are known to act jointly to promote and maintain wakefulness, it remains unclear whether these systems are similarly engaged during voluntary vs. forced wakefulness. using c-fos immunohistochemistry, we compared neuron ...201323973763
a novel method to directionally stabilize enzymes together with redox mediators by electrodeposition.this paper depicts a novel method to directionally stabilize enzymes together with redox mediators by electrodeposition. chitosan was used as a stabilizing matrix. by electrochemical removal of local h(+), chitosan close to working electrode became locally insoluble, and enzymes and redox mediators in chitosan were stabilized. the microelectrode on home-made microelectrode array (mea) served as the working electrode. three model enzymes--horseradish peroxidase (hrp), glucose oxidase (god), and g ...201423974156
a universal dna-based protein detection system.protein immune detection requires secondary antibodies which must be carefully selected in order to avoid interspecies cross-reactivity, and is therefore restricted by the limited availability of primary/secondary antibody pairs. here we present a versatile dna-based protein detection system using a universal adapter to interface between igg antibodies and dna-modified reporter molecules. as a demonstration of this capability, we successfully used dna nano-barcodes, quantum dots, and horseradish ...201323978265
electrochemical immunoassay for procalcitonin antigen detection based on signal amplification strategy of multiple nanocomposites.procalcitonin, as a medium of inflammation, has become a new marker of the identification of severe bacterial infections in recent years and has received high attention due to its most ideal diagnostic indicators of specificity with major types of organism systemic inflammation of bacterial infection in the early stages. thus, a novel method for the determination of procalcitonin (pct) was developed based on a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, which combined a simple immunosensor array ...201423978454
introducing novel amorphous carbon nanoparticles as energy acceptors into a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer immunoassay system.a novel chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (cret) system for competitive immunoassay of biomolecules was developed by using novel amorphous carbon nanoparticles (cnps) prepared from candle soot as energy acceptors. the cnps were firstly prepared to bind with the antigen (ag) for obtaining the nanocomposite cnp-ag, and this obtained cnp-ag was then reacted with the horseradish peroxidase-labeled antibody (hrp-ab) to assemble the cret system. the luminol catalyzed by hrp serving as the en ...201323979821
kinetic rotating droplet electrochemistry: a simple and versatile method for reaction progress kinetic analysis in microliter volumes.here, we demonstrate a new generic, affordable, simple, versatile, sensitive, and easy-to-implement electrochemical kinetic method for monitoring, in real time, the progress of a chemical or biological reaction in a microdrop of a few tens of microliters, with a kinetic time resolution of ca. 1 s. the methodology is based on a fast injection and mixing of a reactant solution (1-10 μl) in a reaction droplet (15-50 μl) rapidly rotated over the surface of a nonmoving working electrode and on the re ...201323985016
spinal interleukin-33 and its receptor st2 contribute to bone cancer-induced pain in mice.cancer pain, particularly bone cancer pain, affects the quality of life of cancer patients, and current treatments are limited. interleukin (il)-33, a new member of the il-1 super family, has been reported to be involved in the modulation of inflammatory pain. however, studies focused on its role in the modulation of cancer pain have been rare. the present study was designed to investigate whether spinal il-33/st2 signaling was involved in bone cancer-induced pain in mice. bone cancer was induce ...201323988433
the influence of angiotensin-(1-7) mas receptor agonist (ave 0991) on mitochondrial proteome in kidneys of apoe knockout mice.excessive action of angiotensin ii on mitochondria has been shown to play an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction, a common feature of atherogenesis and kidney injury. angiotensin-(1-7)/mas receptor axis constitutes a countermeasure to the detrimental effects of angiotensin ii on at1 receptors. the aim of the study was to assess the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) peptidomimetic ave0991 on the kidney mitochondrial proteome in widely used animal model of atherosclerosis (apoe(-/-) mice). prot ...201323988828
effect of ionic liquids alkyl chain length on horseradish peroxidase thermal inactivation kinetics and activity recovery after inactivation.the effects of different alkyl chain lengths of ionic liquids 1-ethyl-, 1-butyl- and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, on the catalytic activity, thermal stability and deactivation kinetics of horseradish peroxidase were studied in the temperature range of 45-85 °c. the presence of 1-ethyl- and 1-butyl-ionic liquids up to 25% (w/v) did not affect significantly the enzyme activity at 25 °c, whereas the addition of 1-hexyl-solvent resulted in lower activity of enzyme. typical biphasic deactiva ...201423990070
amperometric biosensor for the determination of histamine in fish samples.a bienzymatic biosensor employing diamine oxidase (dox) and horseradish peroxidase (hrp) for the detection of histamine in fish samples has been developed and optimized in this work. these enzymes have been co-immobilized into a polysulfone/carbon nanotubes/ferrocene membrane by means of phase inversion technique onto screen-printed electrodes. the electrochemical measurements have been carried out in phosphate buffer solution at ph 8.0 in batch mode and low applied potential (-50 mv vs. ag/agcl ...201323993586
enzymatic oxidation of rutin by horseradish peroxidase: kinetic mechanism and identification of a dimeric product by lc-orbitrap mass spectrometry.flavonoid oxidation is important issue in food processing and quality. the kinetic mechanism of enzymatic oxidation of rutin by horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was studied. rutin oxidation reaction was followed by recording of spectral changes over the time at 360 nm. the studied oxidation is mostly enzymatic and less part non-enzymatic. the reaction with hrp has a higher rate compared with the reaction without of hrp, whereby is part of non-enzymatic reaction about 10% of the total reaction. kinet ...201323993605
application of an elisa-type screen printed electrode-based potentiometric assay to the detection of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.we report a novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of the parasitic protozoan, cryptosporidium parvum. an antibody-based capture format was transferred onto screen-printed electrodes and the presence of horseradish peroxidase-labelled antibodies binding to the oocysts was potentiometrically detected. this method allowed the detection of 5 × 10(2)cryptosporidium oocysts per ml in 60 min.201323994166
de novo galectin-3 expression influences the response of melanoma cells to isatin-schiff base copper (ii) complex-induced oxidative stimulus.galectin-3, a ubiquitous member of the galectin family, has been shown to control cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration and apoptosis; thus, it has a role in tumor development and progression. galectin-3 expression is both up- and down-regulated during melanoma progression. however, conflicting data regarding its roles in tumor biology prompted us to investigate if the presence of galectin-3 influences the response of melanoma cells to a novel metallodrug because metastatic melanoma acquir ...201323994248
role of mitochondrial permeability transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma hep-g2 cell death induced by rhein.rhein, a compound found as a glucoside in the root of rhubarb, is currently a subject of interest for its antitumor properties. the apoptosis of tumor cell lines induced by rhein was observed, and the involvement of mitochondria was established; however, the role of mitochondrial permeability transition (mpt) remains unknown. here we report that mpt plays an important role in the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma hep-g2 cells induced by rhein. after adding rhein to the isolated hepatic ...201323994628
7-hydroxycoumarin modulates the oxidative metabolism, degranulation and microbial killing of human neutrophils.in the present study, we assessed whether 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone), 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, and their acetylated analogs modulate some of the effector functions of human neutrophils and display antioxidant activity. these compounds decreased the ability of neutrophils to generate superoxide anion, release primary granule enzymes, and kill candida albicans. cytotoxicity did not mediate their inhibitory effect, at least under the assessed conditions. these coumarins scavenged hypochlo ...201323994743
pka modulates iron trafficking in the striatum via small gtpase, rhes.ras homolog enriched in striatum (rhes), is a highly conserved small guanosine-5'-triphosphate (gtp) binding protein belonging to the ras superfamily. rhes is involved in the dopamine receptor-mediated signaling and behavior though adenylyl cyclase. the striatum-specific gtpase share a close homology with dexras1, which regulates iron trafficking in the neurons when activated though the post-translational modification called s-nitrosylation by nitric oxide (no). we report that rhes physiological ...201323999124
ros generation and multiple forms of mammalian mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ros) has been implicated in a range of pathologies. mitochondrial flavin dehydrogenases glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mgpdh) and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) represent important ros source, but the mechanism of electron leak is still poorly understood. to investigate the ros production by the isolated dehydrogenases, we used brown adipose tissue mitochondria solubilized by digitonin as a model. enzyme activity measurements and hydrogen peroxide p ...201423999537
upregulation of nucleus hdgf predicts poor prognostic outcome in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma bypass vegf-a and ki-67.hepatoma-derived growth factor (hdgf) has been verified to serve as a credible prognostic marker for several types of cancers, but its role in urologic carcinomas remains undetermined. in this study, we analyzed the significance of hdgf, as well as its relative factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-a (vegf-a) and ki-67, in penile squamous cell carcinoma (pscc). formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pscc samples from 54 patients receiving surgery at qilu hospital of shandong university we ...201323999841
analytical approaches to determination of carnitine in biological materials, foods and dietary supplements.l-carnitine is a vitamin-like amino acid derivative, which is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism as acyltransferase cofactor and in energy production processes, such as interconversion in the mechanisms of regulation of cetogenesis and termogenesis, and it is also used in the therapy of primary and secondary deficiency, and in other diseases. the determination of carnitine and acyl-carnitines can provide important information about inherited or acquired metabolic disorders, and for mon ...201424001835
integrated optical microfluidic biosensor using a polycarbazole photodetector for point-of-care detection of hormonal compounds.a picogram-sensitive optical microfluidic biosensor using an integrated polycarbazole photodiode is developed. the photodetector is mainly composed of the blend heterojunction of poly [n-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (pcdtbt) and [6,6]-phenyl c71-butyric acid methyl ester (pc70bm) and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (pedot:pss) as the hole transport layer. analyte detection is accomplished via a chemiluminescent i ...201324002194
the highly conserved ha2 protein of the influenza a virus induces a cross protective immune response.existing influenza vaccines protect mostly homologous subtypes and acted most effectively only when well matched to the circulating strain. immunization with an updated vaccine is therefore necessary to maintain long-term protection and the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine against the threat of pandemic outbreak. the highly conserved ha2 glyco-polypeptide (ha2 gp) is a promising new candidate for such an influenza vaccine. helical domain and the fusion peptide (residues 15-1 ...201324004822
competitive immunoassay of progesterone by microchip electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection.a sensitive and rapid homogeneous immunoassay method based on microchip electrophoresis-chemiluminescence detection (mce-cl) using luminol-hydrogen peroxide as chemiluminescence system catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was developed for the determination of progesterone (p). the assay was based on the competitive immunoreactions between hrp-labeled p antigen (hrp-p) and p with a limited amount of anti-p mouse monoclonal antibody (ab), and mce separation of free hrp-p and hrp-p-ab immunoc ...201324004913
cells of origin of corticothalamic projections upon the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei in the cat.the horseradish peroxidase method was used to study the cortical projections upon the centromedian and parafascicular (cm-pf) thalamic complex in the cat. following hrp injections into the cm-pf complex, labeled corticothalamic neurons are found predominantly in cortical layer v, and rarely in layer vi. they are medium in size, pyramidal in shape, and usually occur singly, though occasionally in small clusters. these retrogradely labeled neurons have an extremely widespread distribution, being s ...198324010159
spinal origins of cardiac afferents from the region of the left anterior descending artery.the origins of coronary artery afferents coursing in sympathetic nerves was determined using retrograde axonal transport methods. cells labeled with horseradish peroxidase were found bilaterally in dorsal root ganglia (drg) c8 to t6 were smaller in size than non-labeled drg neurons. the findings indicate a more extensive segmental distribution of cardiac afferents than was previously believed to exist.198324010168
olfacto-retinalis pathway in austrolebias charrua fishes: a neuronal tracer study.the olfacto-retinal centrifugal system, a constant component of the central nervous system that appears to exist in all vertebrate groups, is part of the terminal nerve (tn) complex. tn allows the integration of different sensory modalities, and its anatomic variability may have functional and evolutionary significance. we propose that the olfacto-retinal branch of tn is an important anatomical link that allows the functional interaction between olfactory and visual systems in austrolebias. by i ...201324012745
a bioassay for lafora disease and laforin glucan phosphatase activity.lafora disease is a rare yet invariably fatal form of progressive neurodegenerative epilepsy resulting from mutations in the phosphatase laforin. several therapeutic options for lafora disease patients are currently being explored, and these therapies would benefit from a biochemical means of assessing functional laforin activity following treatment. to date, only clinical outcomes such as decreases in seizure frequency and severity have been used to indicate success of epilepsy treatment. howev ...201324012855
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