Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| size and conformational stability of the hepatitis a virus used to prepare vaqta, a highly purified inactivated vaccine. | a variety of biophysical techniques have been employed to examine the size and conformational integrity of highly purified hepatitis a virus (hav) in solution (purified hav particles are subsequently formalin-inactivated and adsorbed to aluminum salts for use as the vaccine vaqta). the size of hav particles was assessed by a combination of electron microscopy, sedimentation velocity, and dynamic light scattering. the effect of ionic strength and temperature on the overall conformational stabilit ... | 1997 | 9188048 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of hepatitis a virus protein 3a: effects on membrane interaction. | due to a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids, protein 3a of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been suggested to act as a membrane anchor or a carrier of the genome-linked protein 3b (vpg) during viral rna synthesis. mutagenesis analysis was performed in order to elucidate the role of the n- and c-terminal tracts of protein 3a in cell membrane interaction. expression of the mutated proteins in e. coli cells demonstrated that the presence of positively charged residues at the c-terminus is not required f ... | 1997 | 9188811 |
| insertion of map4-vp1 peptide into lipid monolayers and bilayers. | myscibility of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dppc) with dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (dppg), cardiolipine (cl) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (dppe) was studied using monomolacular layers of different compositions. the influence of map4-vp1 peptide construct related to hav protein in mixed monolayers of the above cited lipid components was determined following penetration kinetics and compression isotherms. moreover, liposomes with the same composition as monolayers were saturated ... | 1997 | 9192112 |
| study of transmission routes of helicobacter pylori in relation to seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus. | the seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori in a group of 1,043 healthy japanese people was compared with that of hepatitis a virus (hav), which was used as a marker of fecal-oral exposure. no statistically significant relationship was observed between seropositivity for hav and that for h. pylori. therefore, the fecal-oral spread of h. pylori is of limited relevance in japan. | 1997 | 9196218 |
| [construction of gene library of attenuated liver hepatitis a vaccine (h2 strain)]. | to determine the complete gene library of attenuated live hepatitis a vaccine (h2 strain) from cloned cdna by application of reverse transcription (rt) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. | 1996 | 9206195 |
| immunoprecipitation and virus neutralization assays demonstrate qualitative differences between protective antibody responses to inactivated hepatitis a vaccine and passive immunization with immune globulin. | antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) were measured in children from two separate vaccine trials (n = 70) 4 weeks after a dose of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (vaqta). the geometric mean titers (gmts) of anti-hav were 49.3 and 45.2 miu/ml by immunoassay, while reciprocal gmts of neutralizing anti-hav were 6.5 and 15.0 by an 80% radioimmunofocus inhibition test (rifit) and 55.6 and 92.0 by antigen reduction assay (havarna). the gmt of antibody detected by radioimmunoprecipitation (ripa) w ... | 1997 | 9207344 |
| [hematologic manifestations related to hepatitis a virus. 3 cases]. | we report 3 cases of acute hepatitis a infection with haematological manifestations. in the first case, severe aplastic anemia occurred in a 6 year-old child, who underwent 3 bone marrow grafts before responding favourably. in the second and third cases, severe anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in a 42 year-old man with cholestatic hepatitis, and in a 66 year-old man with fulminant hepatitis; there was a favourable outcome in both cases. these cases demonstrate that haematological manifestati ... | 1997 | 9207999 |
| in vitro and ex vivo inhibition of hepatitis a virus 3c proteinase by a peptidyl monofluoromethyl ketone. | hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase is the enzyme responsible for the processing of the viral polyprotein. although a cysteine proteinase, it displays an active site configuration like those of the mammalian serine proteinases (malcolm, b. a. protein science 1995, 4, 1439). a peptidyl monofluoromethyl ketone (peptidyl-fmk) based on the preferred peptide substrates for hav 3c proteinase was generated by first coupling the precursor, n,n-dimethylglutamine fluoromethylalcohol, to the tripeptide, ... | 1997 | 9208091 |
| [the hepatitis a virus isolated and adapted in human diploid fibroblast cells (kmb17)]. | three hepatitis a virus (hav) strains (l8, h32 and h52) were isolated from stool specimens of hepatitis a patients during an epidemic in 1988 in shanghai and were adapted to grow in human diploid fibroblast cell strain (kmb17). the strains were serially carried through 10 passages in kmb17. the infectious titrations of these virus strains cultured for 28 days at the 10th passage were high up to 7.0-7.75 log tcid50/ml. the maximum virus yields occured in the 28th day after infection. immune elect ... | 1996 | 9208584 |
| hepatitis a vaccination programs in communities with high rates of hepatitis a. | in june 1995, the public health service advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) issued recommendations about the use of hepatitis a vaccine for the prevention and control of hepatitis a. in communities with high rates of hepatitis a and periodic outbreaks, the acip recommends routine vaccination of young children and catch-up vaccination of previously unvaccinated older children. this report describes hepatitis a vaccination programs initiated to control ongoing outbreaks and prevent ... | 1997 | 9221328 |
| molecular cloning of the hepatitis a virus receptor from a simian cell line. | using a eukaryotic expression system in combination with a monoclonal antibody (mab) capable of blocking hepatitis a virus (hav) adsorption, a cdna clone was selected from a library of s.la/ve-1 cells, a cell line that is highly susceptible to the virus. sequence analysis of the cdna revealed a single open reading frame that encoded a protein consisting of 460 amino acids. the deduced primary structure of the protein included a signal sequence, a transmembrane domain, four sites for n-linked gly ... | 1997 | 9225030 |
| evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin m antibody in diagnosis of human leptospiral infection. | the panbio leptospira immunoglobulin m (igm) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a commercially available screening test for the diagnosis of acute leptospiral infection. the ability of the test to diagnose early or recent leptospira interrogans infection was assessed by testing sera with known microagglutination test (mat) titers to serovars pomona, hardjo, copenhageni, and australis. the igm elisa detected all 41 cases of early or recent leptospiral infection (sensitivity, 100%), with ... | 1997 | 9230359 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies in food handlers]. | 1996 | 9235012 | |
| seminested rt-pcr systems for small round structured viruses and detection of enteric viruses in seafood. | highly sensitive seminested rt-pcr systems for the specific detection of genotype i and ii small round structured viruses (srsvs) were developed based on the nucleic acid information deposited in the databanks. srsvs could be detected in 10(7)-fold dilutions of three different stool samples. in addition, a rapid and simple purification protocol for enteric viruses from seafood tissues was elaborated using poliovirus (pv) as model. the virus isolation and viral rna purification include the follow ... | 1997 | 9237119 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus igg antibodies in patients from a referral unit of liver diseases in salvador, bahia, brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is prevalent in asia and africa. recently, it was also described in mexico, but epidemiologic data from other latin american countries are scarce. the seroprevalence of anti-hev in a referral hepatology unit in northern brazil was determined by testing for anti-hev igg in 701 serum samples from our serum bank. specimens analyzed were from 200 blood donors, 79 patients with acute viral hepatitis (avh), 392 hemodialyzed patients, and 30 carriers of schistosomiasis. duplicat ... | 1997 | 9242319 |
| epidemic and sporadic hepatitis e virus transmission in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia to geographically profile hepatitis e virus (hev) prevalence in the riverine areas recognized as the foci of epidemic hev transmission in 1987. additionally, a contiguous, although distinct, population with no identifiable historical exposure to epidemic hev was surveyed downstream for comparative purposes. eight hundred eighty-five sera were assayed by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay for anti-hev igg and anti-hepatitis a ... | 1997 | 9242320 |
| another case of acute renal failure (arf) due to acute tubular necrosis (atn), proven by renal biopsy in non-fulminant hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. | 1997 | 9249815 | |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus antibody in primary school children in khon kaen province, northeastern thailand. | hepatitis a is a disease commonly found in thai children. since 1984, there have been very few reports on the age specific prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection in the northeastern part of thailand, which has the largest population and is the poorest area of the country. we studied the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody in 3 primary school children in different areas of khon kaen province, northeastern thailand. anti-hav level was assayed by elisa. four hundred and forty-one ... | 1996 | 9253861 |
| hepatitis a outbreak amongst intravenous amphetamine abusers in finland. | this article describes a widespread outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection amongst drug abusers in finland. although attempts to demonstrate the virus in amphetamines failed, the infection was assumed to be linked to intravenous use of the drug. the unusual mode of transmission prompted us to analyse possible atypical clinical features as well as the spread of the virus to the general population, nowadays practically without protective immunity. serologically verified cases that occurred ... | 1997 | 9255876 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, c, and e viruses in different ethnic groups in french guiana. | in order to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, c, and e viruses (hav, hcv, and hev) in the various ethnic groups and areas of french guiana, sera (996 for hcv and hev, 941 for hav) were tested for antibodies to these viruses using elisas. differences in hav seroprevalence were found for different age groups, with a large increase in people aged 20-30 years in comparison with those under 20. after logistic analysis, significant differences were found between places of residenc ... | 1997 | 9260693 |
| further evaluation of the safety and protective efficacy of live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine (h2-strain) in humans. | a study on the possibility of transmission of live hepatitis a vaccine (h2-strain) from vaccinees to nonvaccinees was conducted. as a result, no seroconversion was found among 87 seronegative nonvaccinees, who had a close contact with their 141 subcutaneously vaccinated classmates nor was it found among 101 seronegative children administered the vaccine orally. the above fundings suggest that by losing the ability to be transmitted orally the vaccine virus may result in a decreasing possibility ... | 1997 | 9261939 |
| type a viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in the us. in this review, i cover the epidemiology, course of infection, clinical manifestations, serological responses, and prevention of this infection. although most patients completely recover from this disease, elderly patients have a substantial mortality risk. recently licensed vaccines are highly efficacious. | 1997 | 9265900 |
| influence of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis a virus strain gbm on its growth in different cell lines. | previous sequence analysis of consecutive passages of the hepatitis a virus (hav) strain gbm/wt in human embryonic kidney cells (hek cells), human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hfs cells) and in frhk-4 cells (foetal rhesus monkey kidney cells) pointed to a host cell dependent cell culture adaptation of gbm/wt in hfs cells involving mutations in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr). multiple nucleotide changes occurred in the 5'ncr of the gbm genome after the cell line used for virus passage was changed ... | 1997 | 9266978 |
| co-existence of hepatitis a and adult reye's syndrome. | reye's syndrome is most frequently seen in children but has also been described in adults. this syndrome is usually associated with ingestion of 5-aminosalicylates (asa) or infection with influenza a, influenza b, or varicella virus. a case of reye's syndrome in a 47 year old, previously healthy woman precipitated by ingestion of asa and acute hepatitis a virus infection is described. reye's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of her clinical course, and the presence of hepatic microvesicular st ... | 1997 | 9274483 |
| early appearance of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | sera from 30 subjects vaccinated with the pasteur merieux serums & vaccins (pm) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, and from 30 subjects vaccinated with the smithkline beecham (sb) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, were tested in two laboratories in order to provide comparative data on neutralizing activities of vaccine-induced antibodies. sera were also evaluated by a modified radioimmunoassay (mria) and results were compared to neutralization assays results. neutralizing antibody titres provided b ... | 1997 | 9279722 |
| the changing epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a in lisbon, portugal. | to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) in an urban population, in order to assess the changing epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a. | 1997 | 9282278 |
| virus transmission via food. | viruses are transmitted to humans via foods as a result of direct or indirect contamination of the foods with human faeces. viruses transmitted by a faecal-oral route are not strongly dependent on foods as vehicles of transmission, but viruses are important among agents of foodborne disease. vehicles are most often molluscs from contaminated waters, but many other foods are contaminated directly by infected persons. the viruses most often foodborne are the hepatitis a virus and the norwalk-like ... | 1997 | 9282391 |
| immunogenicity and protectivity of a new liposomal hepatitis a vaccine. | in this study we investigated a new liposomal hepatitis a vaccine (epaxal) developed by the swiss serum and vaccine institute clinically and immunologically using a one dose priming schedule and a booster injection after 1 year. this vaccine contains formalin inactivated hepatitis a virus particles attached to phospholipid vesicles together with influenza virus haemagglutinin. two doses of the vaccine were administered at months 0 and 12 in 117 volunteers. blood samples were drawn at days-7, 14 ... | 1997 | 9286045 |
| hepatitis a vaccine: persistence of antibodies 5 years after the first vaccination. | the recent development of safe and effective inactivated hepatitis a vaccines provides the opportunity to control hepatitis a. however, effective control will depend upon the duration of protection provided by the vaccine. evaluation of persistence of antibodies over time is essential for the determination of vaccination schedules and strategies. for this purpose blood samples were obtained from 140 volunteers, 5 years after the administration of three 720 elisa units (eu) doses of an inactivate ... | 1997 | 9286052 |
| [the immune status against hepatitis a virus in medical residents]. | 1997 | 9289557 | |
| [which vaccines for which travelers?]. | 1997 | 9289603 | |
| detection of antibodies to the nonstructural 3c proteinase of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins of the virus. however, vaccination with an inactivated vaccine produces antibodies exclusively to the structural proteins. current diagnostic assays, such as the abbott havab test, used to determine exposure to hav detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and as a result are not able to distinguish between a natural infection and vaccination with an inactivated virus. th ... | 1997 | 9291304 |
| [epidemiological study of hepatitis a and e viruses in different populations in uruguay]. | the hepatitis a and e virus (hav and hev) share the fecal-oral mechanism. hepatitis a is an endemo-epidemic disease in uruguay but no data on the epidemiologic pattern of the hev is available. the aims of this study were to update the epidemiologic behavior of the hav in montevideo and demonstrate the circulation of the hev in uruguay. two hundred fourteen patients who consulted in the policlínica de nutrición y digestivo were studied, 185 (86%) of whom were anti hav (havab, abbot) positive. 81. ... | 1997 | 9296844 |
| characterisation of an epidemic of hepatitis a virus involving intravenous drug abusers--infection by needle sharing? | an epidemic of hepatitis a virus (hav) among intravenous drug abusers in oslo involved 144 serologically confirmed cases. another 26 patients (non-drug abusers), of whom 14 were derived from a single nosocomial outbreak, were associated with the epidemic. sequencing of the vp1/p2a junction revealed that viruses associated with the epidemic were completely identical, whereas other hav samples collected during the same period differed by up to 10%. hav was detected in the serum of 48 of 100 patien ... | 1997 | 9298735 |
| evaluation of the susceptibility of the 3c proteases of hepatitis a virus and poliovirus to degradation by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system. | the picornavirus 3c proteases are required for the processing of viral polyproteins during infections of host cells. here we report that the 3c protease of the hepatitis a virus, like that of the encephalomyocarditis virus, is a substrate for rapid, ubiquitin-mediated degradation in vitro. ubiquitin was shown to stimulate the turnover of the hepatitis virus 3c protease, and labeled protease was found to become incorporated into a mixture of high molecular weight species, which is characteristic ... | 1997 | 9299463 |
| seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection and hepatitis a in a rural area: evidence against a common mode of transmission. | recent studies have shown that the age-specific seroprevalence of h pylori infection parallels hepatitis a (hav), suggesting similar modes of transmission. the aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of h pylori and hav in the same setting. | 1997 | 9301493 |
| three-step isolation method for sensitive detection of enterovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis a virus, and small round structured viruses in water samples. | control of drinking or bathing water quality in respect to viral contamination remains an unsolved problem. a highly sensitive isolation protocol was developed for concentration and detection of different enteric viruses from water samples. the three-step isolation procedure combines filtration with a positively charged nylon membrane, ultrafiltration and clean-up of the viral rna with a silica based membrane. detection of the viral rna is accomplished by reverse-transcription polymerase chain r ... | 1997 | 9310854 |
| rotavirus and hepatitis a virus in market lettuce (latuca sativa) in costa rica. | we assessed the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis a virus in lettuce bought in farmer markets from san josé, costa rica, during months of low (april-june) and high (december-january) incidence of diarrhea associated with rotavirus, respectively. lettuce samples were pooled and evaluated for rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for hepatitis a virus by radioimmunoassay, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and electron microscope. three sample pools, collected during the period ... | 1997 | 9310858 |
| exposure to hepatitis a virus among blood donors, injecting drug users and prison entrants in victoria. | to assess prevalence of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) among injecting drug users (idus) and prison entrants in victoria, and to compare this with prevalence of hav among a reference population of blood donors, sera stored from two previous studies and from randomly selected blood donors were tested for total antibody to hav. the first study was a longitudinal study of field-recruited idus from 1990 to 1992 and the second was a study of all prison entrants in 1991-92 (both studies were carr ... | 1997 | 9310932 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in an adult urban population from burundi. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis e virus (hev) was measured in a group of 129 adults from bujumbura, burundi, using an elisa. the prevalence of anti-hev igg was 14%, much lower than that of hepatitis a virus (hav) (97.7%). in addition to the lability of antibodies to hev, this difference might be explained by the extensive availability of good-quality drinking water in the city. the presence of serologic markers of hbv (77.6%), hcv (27.1%), and human immunodeficiency virus (30.2%) w ... | 1997 | 9311635 |
| hepatitis a among homosexual men and injection drug users: more evidence for vaccination. | as agencies develop guidelines for administering the newly developed hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, information is needed regarding the occurrence of hav infection in groups putatively at risk for the infection. we tested serum samples from 300 injection drug users (idus), 300 homosexual males, and 300 blood donors for the presence of total antibody to hav (anti-hav). anti-hav was detected in 66% of idus, 32% of homosexual males, and 14% of blood donors. anti-hav was not significantly associat ... | 1997 | 9314468 |
| the declining pattern of seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among adolescents in bangkok, thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a health problem in countries where seroepidemiology shows changes from hyperendemicity to intermediate endemicity. throughout the last decade, we studied, in bangkok, the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) among adolescents of different age groups. in 1996, 245 serum specimens from children aged between 10 and 19 were tested for anti-hav by elisa method. the results were compared to those obtained in 1987 and 1993 from students of the same age and ... | 1997 | 9322299 |
| population-based survey of hepatitis a virus infection in the republic of san marino. | in 1990-1991, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus infection (anti-hav) was assayed by the elisa method among 1528 apparently healthy subjects, 20-85 years old in the republic of san marino. subjects were selected from the list of residents by a random stratified sampling procedure with a proportional allocation by age, sex and district of residence. the overall anti-hav prevalence was 64.7%; it increased from 28.6% in subjects 20-30 years old to 97% in those > 60 years (p < 0.01). ... | 1997 | 9324216 |
| an advisory committee statement (acs). national advisory committee on immunization (naci). supplementary statement on hepatitis prevention. | 1997 | 9327646 | |
| response to hepatitis a vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected homosexual men. | the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and vaccination schedule on the immunogenicity of a hepatitis a vaccine was examined. ninety hiv-infected homosexual men received two vaccinations with hepatitis a vaccine (each 2 ml of 720 elisa units/ml) either 1 or 6 months apart; 44 hiv-uninfected men received vaccine at study entry and at 6 months. anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) titer after vaccination was measured in 83 hiv-positive and 39 hiv-negative men. seroconversion (anti-ha ... | 1997 | 9333168 |
| prevalence and risk factors for htlv-ii infection in 913 injecting drug users in stockholm, 1994. | the prevalence and risk factors for acquisition of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and ii (htlv-i and ii) were investigated in a prospective study of 913 injecting drug users (idus) in stockholm in 1994. epidemiologic data were recorded, and blood samples were tested for antibodies against htlv-i and htlv-ii; human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2; and hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and d (hdv). positive serologic results for htlv were confirmed by western blot (wb) and po ... | 1997 | 9342259 |
| induction of intracellular membrane rearrangements by hav proteins 2c and 2bc. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is distinguished from other picornaviruses by its slow and relatively poor, noncytopathic growth in cultures of mammalian cells. the 2c and 2bc proteins of hav have been implicated in the determination of virus growth in cultured cells. the homologous proteins from other picornaviruses, such as poliovirus, have been demonstrated to exhibit multiple activities, such as rna binding, nucleotide binding and ntpase, and membrane binding and reorganization. at least some of the ... | 1997 | 9344908 |
| intact eukaryotic initiation factor 4g is required for hepatitis a virus internal initiation of translation. | the requirements for optimal activity of the hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) differ substantially from those of other picornavirus ireses. one such difference is that, to date, the hav ires is the only one whose efficiency is severely inhibited in the presence of the picornaviral 2a proteinase. here we describe experiments designed to dissect the mechanism of proteinase-mediated inhibition of hav translation. using dicistronic mrnas translated in vitro, we show tha ... | 1997 | 9344915 |
| high prevalence of antibody against hepatitis a virus in an institution for the mentally handicapped. | hepatitis a virus infection constitutes a world-wide public health problem, predominantly in developing countries. mentally handicapped children, due to their incapacity for looking after themselves, comprise one of the high risk groups for hepatitis a virus infection. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) among the children and adults in the institute for the mentally handicapped located in nonthaburi, thailand. the prevalence of a ... | 1997 | 9346272 |
| solid phase synthesis and immunogenicity of a vp3 peptide from hepatitis a virus. | the synthesis of a peptide belonging to the vp3 capsid protein of hepatitis a virus has been accomplished by the continuous flow fmoc-polyamide solid phase method. the use of methoxytrimethylbenzenesulphonyl (mtr) and pentamethylchromansulphonyl (pmc) as arginine side-chain protecting groups in the presence of tryptophan without lateral protection or protected with t-boc is discussed. the synthetic vp3 peptide has been administered to mice in different forms: (i) free, (ii) coupled to keyhole li ... | 1995 | 9346860 |
| immunization of seronegative infants with hepatitis a vaccine (havrix; skb): a comparative study of two dosing schedules. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is of public health significance among infants and diapered children. although two licensed hav vaccines are available, they have not been assessed widely in children under the age of 2 years and are not currently licensed for this age group. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of hav vaccine in seronegative infants. fifty-three healthy infants were immunized with 360 elisa units (el.u.) of an inactivated hav vaccine a ... | 1997 | 9364691 |
| disinfection of human enteric viruses on fomites. | the virucidal action of several commercially available disinfectant preparations was assayed against hepatitis a virus and human rotavirus dried on polystyrene. overall, the level of virus disinfection achieved was very poor, usually inducing less than 3 log titre reduction. suspension tests performed with the same disinfectants showed different virus inactivation rates, thus failing to provide a reliable indication of the actual virus disinfection on fomites. in our studies, bacteriophages of b ... | 1997 | 9368367 |
| sporadic hepatitis e in southern india. | 1997 | 9373629 | |
| seroepidemiological study of helicobacter pylori infection in south african children. | the seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection was studied in 681 randomly selected black children from newborn to 13 years of age (333 boys, mean age 8.05 years, and 348 girls, mean age 7.76 years) in kwazulu/natal, south africa. h. pylori infection was identified serologically using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of immunoglobulin g against h. pylori. demographic information collected included age, gender, family income, overcrowding, educational level, and ... | 1997 | 9373630 |
| cdc sets interim strategy for hepatitis a control. | 1997 | 9377216 | |
| [the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c viral markers in the population of gijón between 26 and 65 years old]. | the aim of this study was to know the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c markers in an adult population in gijón, spain. a randomized, transversal sample according to the census was made in a population between 26 and 65 years of age in gijón, analyzing demographic, epidemiologic and clinical variables, liver function tests, anti-hav igg, anti-hbcore and anti-hcv. of the 476 individuals included a census error was detected in 26 (5.5%) and 340 (71.4%) were studied. of these anti-hav igg was posi ... | 1997 | 9377232 |
| [incidence of sporadic hepatitis e in ivory coast based on still problematic serology]. | the first well-documented outbreak of viral hepatitis e in africa was described in 1986 in côte d'lvoire. subsequently, no other outbreaks have been observed in the country. côte d'lvoire therefore offers an excellent opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of sporadic viral hepatitis e in a country where the frequency of non-a, non-b, non-c viral hepatitis appears to be high. the study was carried out in abidjan, the most populous city, and involved 111 hospitalized patients suffering from non-a ... | 1997 | 9377791 |
| [an experimental study of immunity to hepatitis a in monkeys]. | in this work the experimental model of hepatitis a on monkeys, adequate to human hepatitis a, was used. ten monkeys (6 macaca mulatta and 4 cercopithecus aethiops) were reinfected with different doses of hepatitis a virus (hav) a year after recovery from spontaneous and experimental hepatitis a. the monkeys were completely resistant to the inoculation of the virus in moderate doses (10(3) id50). the inoculation of hav in large doses (10(4)-10(5) id50) induced a mild form of this infection in the ... | 1995 | 9381880 |
| [expressing poliovirus (type i) and hepatitis a virus antigens by recombinant vaccinia virus]. | a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing pv-i and hav antigens was constructed. dot blot and southern blot confirmed that the recombinant virus genome contained pv-i cdna and hav cdna chimeric fragment. the result of if indicated that pv-i antigen and hav antigen were successfully expressed in the mammalian cells infected with the recombinant virus. the expressed pv-i and hav antigen showed one band which had both pv-i and hav antigenicities in western blot. the band was about 120,000(mw). when g ... | 1996 | 9388994 |
| single-antibody in situ enzyme immunoassay for infectivity titration of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) establishes a persistent infection in cultured cells, with minimal effect on host cell metabolism. as a result, the virus produces very little, if any, cytopathic effect (cpe), even with cell culture-adapted strains. this feature precludes the use of a plaque or standard endpoint assay (using cpe as an indicator of infection) for the titration of infectious virus. the radioimmunofocus assay (rifa) is the standard method for hav titration, though this method is labour inte ... | 1997 | 9395142 |
| hepatitis a virus infections in urban children--are preventive opportunities being missed? | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections in children in a large urban center, a point prevalence survey was conducted using a novel, ultrasensitive assay for hav-specific igg in saliva. a structured sample of 224 grade-six students (5.8% of grade registrants) was obtained from 23 schools throughout vancouver. all students provided saliva samples adequate for testing. the anti-hav prevalence rate was 7.1% (95% confidence interval, 4.1%-11.3%). among 167 canadian-born stud ... | 1997 | 9395375 |
| hepatitis a outbreak in a socially-contained religious community in rural southern ontario. | 1997 | 9397602 | |
| frequent detection of hepatitis a viral rna in serum during the early convalescent phase of acute hepatitis a. | the diagnosis of type a hepatitis is performed mainly by immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hepatitis a antibody assay, but it has not been established whether there is a correlation between changes in viremia and the clinical course of type a hepatitis. we examined hepatitis a virus (hav) rna in the sera from type a and non-a, non-b, non-c acute hepatitis and analyzed the relation of hav viremia with alanine aminotransferase (alt) and igm-ha levels. two hundred sera from 38 patients with type a acute ... | 1997 | 9398009 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) in a population of mexican children]. | we studied by elisa test 450 healthy children looking for igg and igm antibodies against virus a hepatitis. 376/450 (86.3%) showed igg antibodies. 50% of children under one year were positive. at 3 years of age 80% of children from this study were with antibodies igg and 96% of children at 10 years of age were positive. only 9 children showed antibodies igm. | 1997 | 9412137 |
| viral infections transmitted by food of animal origin: the present situation in the european union. | the goal of this presentation was to clarify which foods are involved in viral diseases, which viruses are transmitted via food and how to evaluate the risk of a foodborne viral infection. food items frequently identified as cause of viral disease outbreaks were shellfish harvested in sewage-contaminated water. another common source of foodborne viral illness was cold food contaminated by infected food handlers. in the european union the viruses most frequently associated with foodborne illness ... | 1997 | 9413541 |
| characterization of replication-competent hepatitis a virus constructs containing insertions at the n terminus of the polyprotein. | to determine whether hepatitis a virus (hav) could tolerate the insertion of exogenous sequences, we constructed full-length hav cdnas containing in-frame insertions at the n terminus of the polyprotein and transfected the derived t7 rna polymerase in vitro transcripts into frhk-4 cells. replication of havvec1, a construct containing an insertion of 60 nucleotides coding for a polylinker, a 2b/2c cleavage site for hav protease 3cpro, and two initiation codons that restored the sequence of the n ... | 1998 | 9420233 |
| [presence of various pathogenic microorganisms in fresh vegetables in costa rica]. | this study reports the occurrence of some pathogenic microorganisms in vegetable consumed on a daily basis by costa ricans. cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were found in 5.2% (4/80) of cilantro leaves, in 8.7% (7/80) of cilantro roots and 2.5% of lettuce samples. a 1.2% (1/80) incidence was found in other vegetables samples (carrot, cucumber, radish and tomatoe). oocysts of this parasite were absent in cabbage. giardia intestinalis was only detected in 5.2% (4/80) of cilantro leaves and in 2.5% (2/ ... | 1996 | 9429609 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus and helicobacter pylori infections in the general population of a developed european country (the san marino study): evidence for similar pattern of spread. | to evaluate the role of faecal-oral transmission in the spread of helicobacter pylori. | 1997 | 9431898 |
| should health care workers exposed to hepatitis c routinely receive hepatitis a vaccine? | 1998 | 9438734 | |
| fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis a virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rarely causes fulminant hepatic failure in people with no underlying liver disease. there are limited data on the course of this infection in patients with chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c. | 1998 | 9445408 |
| [seroepidemiological considerations of the incidence of viral hepatitis c in some population groups]. | in the interval 1985-1994, in the iaşi district, the reported cases of viral hepatitis (vh) have recorded annual morbidity rates ranging between 67/100,000 inhabitants in 1993 and 373/100,000 in 1990. vh attributed to hav and hbv has represented, with yearly differences, 62% to 94% of all cases. posttransfusion viral hepatitis (ptvh) has determined a morbidity of 0.51/100,000 inhabitants in 1986 and 8.34/100,000 in 1994. ptvh without aghbs ranged from 16.3% in 1993 to 94.0% in 1987, as compared ... | 1995 | 9455358 |
| [the prevalence of anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies in children from social assistance units in the county of iaşi]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-hcv antibody (ab) in association with specific markers for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). we investigated 127 children from two orphanages from iaşi district (77 males--60.6%). an elisa kit, iind generation (diagnostic pasteur) was used for anti-hcv determination. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and anti-hav/total antibodies were diagnosed by elisa competitive and "sandwich" type respectively (wellcome-murex) ... | 1996 | 9455445 |
| [hepatitis a virus infection in children in argentina: a pilot study]. | the severity and/or the prognostic of infections with the hepatitis a virus (hav) is related to the age at which the infection occurs. since transmission of the virus occurs by the fecal-oral route, the prevalence and age-relate incidence of infection is determined by the adequacy of sanitation hygienic measures and the socio economic level of exposed populations. thus, the disease is having an increasing impact in developing countries with improving sanitary standards whereas inhabitants of ind ... | 1997 | 9460514 |
| [viral hepatitis markers in saliva specimens from patients with acute hepatitis a, b and c]. | anti-hva igm, hbsag, anti-hbc igm, anti-hvc were determined in the blood sera and saliva specimens obtained from patients with acute hepatitis a, b, c (ha, hb, hc) and from healthy persons of the control group. 37 ha patients, 27 hb patients and 24 hc patients, observed in the dynamics of the disease (for a period of 1 month and longer from the appearance of manifestations of the disease), as well as 30 practically healthy persons (the control group) were examined. anti-hva igm could be found in ... | 1997 | 9460864 |
| [an unusual course of viral hepatitis a in children]. | to determine the present-day specific clinical features of viral hepatitis a (ha) in children, observation on 447 children aged 1 year and 10 months to 14 years with verified ha monoinfection was carried out. at the season of 1993 essential differences were observed in the clinical picture of ha: the disease took a more severe course with the prevalence of medium-severe (59.3%) and severe (3.6%) forms of this infection, a tendency to a prolonged convalescence period and fermentative aggravations ... | 1997 | 9460876 |
| kidney injury molecule-1 (kim-1), a putative epithelial cell adhesion molecule containing a novel immunoglobulin domain, is up-regulated in renal cells after injury. | we report the identification of rat and human cdnas for a type 1 membrane protein that contains a novel six-cysteine immunoglobulin-like domain and a mucin domain; it is named kidney injury molecule-1 (kim-1). structurally, kim-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily most reminiscent of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (madcam-1). human kim-1 exhibits homology to a monkey gene, hepatitis a virus cell receptor 1 (havcr-1), which was identified recently as a receptor for the ... | 1998 | 9461608 |
| immunomagnetic capture pcr for rapid concentration and detection of hepatitis a virus from environmental samples. | we studied the concentration of hepatitis a virus (hav) from environmental samples by membrane filter-based urea-arginine phosphate buffer and its detection by using immunomagnetic capture (ic) reverse transcription (rt)-pcr (ic pcr). magnetic beads coated with anti-hav rabbit antibodies were used for enrichment and concentration of hav from environmental samples. ic pcr is sensitive enough to detect as few as 0.04 pfu of cell culture-adapted hav in inoculated water and sewage samples. ic pcr is ... | 1998 | 9464385 |
| what priority for prevention of hepatitis a in india? | the recent development of a safe, effective vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) demands a reassessment of the public health importance and priority of hav in india. although acute viral hepatitis is common among children in india, the majority of hav infections are asymptomatic. with increasing age at infection, the proportion of persons developing symptomatic acute hepatitis increases. studies have indicated that virtually all children are infected with hav by 10-15 years of age, but the ... | 1998 | 9465502 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in mumbai, and immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis a vaccine. | since epidemiologic trends of hepatitis a are changing worldwide, we studied its seroprevalence in mumbai, which is thought to be a high-endemicity area. the immunogenicity and safety of a hepatitis a vaccine were also studied. | 1998 | 9465507 |
| seroprevalences of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus. | 1998 | 9468266 | |
| [interferon alpha in the treatment of prolonged hepatitis a virus infection]. | hepatitis a viral infection usually lasts up to 12 weeks, but in 3-16% of patients relapses may occur and the course of the disease is protracted. the outcome of hepatitis a is always good, so that antiviral therapy is not necessary. however, from the aspect of patients with protracted course of the disease up to a year, it might be important to restore clinical recovery in a shorter period of time. knowing about antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of endogenous interferon (virally activated) ... | 1997 | 9471535 |
| investigation of infection routes of helicobacter pylori in health checks of residents by random sampling. | we performed an epidemiological study to clarify the infection routes of helicobacter pylori (hp) in residents of a certain district. we sampled 10% of adult residents comprising 7,389 males and females in a certain geographical area for our study by random sampling. among them, the blood was drawn from 325 subjects who agreed to undergo health checks, and helicobacter pylori antibody (anti-hpigg) and an antibody against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) were measured. in addition, we conducted a que ... | 1997 | 9476470 |
| hepatitis a infection: a seroepidemiological study in young adults in north-east italy. | during the period from january to may 1994, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus infection (anti-hav) was tested by immunoenzyme assay in the serum samples of 620 apparently healthy subjects (81% males, 19% females), from 10 to 29 years old, resident in north-east italy (pordenone and surrounding district). the overall prevalence of anti-hav was 3.7%. there was a significant lower prevalence in the group aged 10-19 than in the one aged 20-29 years (0.7% vs 6%; p < 0.001). moreover, ... | 1997 | 9476815 |
| hepatitis a vaccine: ready for prime time. | two new inactivated hepatitis a vaccines are available that confer long-term protection against infection. they are indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis in persons older than 2 years of age. for one vaccine preparation, vaqta (merck and co., west point, pa), the recommended schedule for adults is a 1.0-ml (50 u of hepatitis a viral antigen) intramuscular dose initially, followed by a booster dose 6-12 months later. children 2-17 years of age should receive 0.5 ml (25 u of hepatitis a viral ant ... | 1998 | 9491879 |
| a new continuous epitope of hepatitis a virus. | a new continuous epitope of hepatitis a virus (hav) was defined in the vp3 protein. convalescent sera recognised the synthetic peptide 3110-3121 (fwrgdlvfdfqv). the replacement of the arginine, glycine, or aspartic acid at positions 112, 113, or 114, respectively by other amino acids induced the loss of synthetic peptide recognition by human convalescent sera, thereby confirming the presence of an epitope in the original vp3(110-121) sequence. shorter vp3 peptides such as vp3(110-119). vp3(110-1 ... | 1998 | 9496366 |
| interaction of hepatitis a virus (hav) precursor proteins 3ab and 3abc with the 5' and 3' termini of the hav rna. | rna secondary structures within the terminal nontranslated regions of entero- and rhinoviral genomes interact specifically with viral nonstructural proteins and are required in cis for viral rna replication. here we show that recombinant hepatitis a virus (hav) polypeptide 3abc specifically interacts in vitro with secondary rna structures formed at both the 5' and 3' terminus of the viral genome. similar to protein 3ab, hav 3abc bound to the 3' terminal rna structure which did not interact with ... | 1997 | 9498613 |
| evaluation of assays for antibody to hepatitis e virus by a serum panel. hepatitis e virus antibody serum panel evaluation group. | few data are available to evaluate the performance of existing assays for antibody to the hepatitis e virus (anti-hev). a panel of 164 randomized and coded sera was tested for anti-hev by 12 different assays. the panel included a dilution series of an early convalescent human serum, known-positive sera (undiluted human sera obtained 2 months to 13 years after acute hepatitis e, and postinoculation chimpanzee sera), known-negative sera (preinoculation chimpanzee sera; sera from chimpanzees with h ... | 1998 | 9500718 |
| safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease. | acute hepatitis a superimposed on chronic liver disease (cld) has been associated with severe or fulminant hepatitis. an open, multicenter study was performed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in patients with cld with that in healthy subjects. a secondary objective was to compare the safety of the hepatitis a vaccine with that of a commercial hepatitis b vaccine in subjects with chronic hepatitis c. a total of 475 subjects over the age of 18 years we ... | 1998 | 9500723 |
| preventing acute liver disease in patients with chronic liver disease. | 1998 | 9500724 | |
| the role of seafood in foodborne diseases in the united states of america. | in the united states of america, seafood ranked third on the list of products which caused foodborne disease between 1983 and 1992. outbreaks connected with fish vectors were caused by scombroid, ciguatoxin, bacteria and unknown agents; in shellfish, unknown agents, paralytic shellfish poisoning, vibrio spp. and other bacteria, followed by hepatitis a virus, were responsible for the outbreaks. at least ten genera of bacterial pathogens have been implicated in seafood-borne diseases. over the pas ... | 1997 | 9501377 |
| a www-accessible knowledge base for the interpretation of hepatitis serologic tests. | hepaxpert is a knowledge-based system that interprets the results of routine serologic tests for infection with hepatitis a and b viruses. the following tests are included: hepatitis a virus anti-bodies (anti-hav), igm antibodies to the hepatitis a virus (igm anti-hav), hepatitis a virus (hav in stool, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibodies (qualitative anti-hbs, quantitative anti-hbs titre), antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc and igm anti-hbc), and hepatitis b envelope ... | 1997 | 9506393 |
| prevalence of antibodies against varicella zoster, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), hepatitis b and hepatitis a viruses among spanish adolescents. | the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against varicella zoster (vzv), herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis a (hav) viruses in adolescents (14-17 years of age) in madrid, spain. at the study visit, demographic data and blood samples were obtained. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method was used to assess the presence of anti-vzv, anti-hsv-1, anti-hsv-2, anti-hbc and anti-hav antibodies. a tot ... | 1998 | 9515669 |
| vacillate or vaccinate. | 1995 | 9525123 | |
| characterization of hepatitis g virus (gb-c virus) particles: evidence for a nucleocapsid and expression of sequences upstream of the e1 protein. | hepatitis g virus (hgv or gb-c virus) is a newly described virus that is closely related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). based on sequence analysis and by evaluation of translational initiation codon preferences utilized during in vitro translation, hgv appears to have a truncated or absent core protein at the amino terminus of the hgv polyprotein. consequently, the biophysical properties of hgv may be very different from those of hcv. to characterize hgv particle types, we evaluated plasma from chr ... | 1998 | 9525592 |
| a cytopathogenic, apoptosis-inducing variant of hepatitis a virus. | a cytopathogenic variant of hepatitis a virus (hav(cyt/hb1.1)) was isolated from persistently infected bs-c-1 cells by serial passages in frhk-4 cells. this virus shows a rapid replication pattern and high final titers are obtained, which are main characteristics of cytopathogenic havs. sequencing of the nontranslated regions and the coding regions for 2abc and 3ab revealed that mutations are distributed all over these regions and that certain mutated sites correspond to those in other cytopatho ... | 1998 | 9525664 |
| foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis a in a low endemic country: an emerging problem? | this paper describes 2 outbreaks of hepatitis a infection in finland, a very low endemic area of hepatitis a infection, where a large proportion of the population is now susceptible to infection by hepatitis a virus (hav). the first outbreak involved people attending several schools and day-care centres; the second employees of several bank branches in a different city. the initial investigation revealed that both were related to food distributed widely from separate central kitchens. two separa ... | 1998 | 9528818 |
| [hep-a-in-vac, a russian cultured concentrated inactivated vaccine against hepatitis a]. | the results of the study of the reactogenicity, safety and immunological activity of russian cultural vaccine against hepatitis a are presented. the vaccine was found to have specific safety, moderate reactogenicity and pronounced immunological activity. in addition, the study of the prophylactic efficiency of the vaccine in the pre-epidemic period of the outbreak of hepatitis a morbidity in a group exceeding 14,000 adults was carried out. the study revealed high prophylactic efficiency of the v ... | 1998 | 9532686 |
| clinical, laboratory, and serological findings of adult hungarian hospitalized acute hepatitis patients, and possible source of the infection. | clinical, epidemiological features of acute viral hepatitis of 331 hospitalized adult patients were evaluated. ha, hb, hc, and non a-c h were diagnosed in 36.6%, 34.1%, 10.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. age of ha cases was significantly lower than that of other cases. only ha showed seasonal variation. acquisition of ha was often associated with visits in endemic areas when compared with all other types, while hb, hc, and non a-c h were rather associated with iatrogenic events (blood transfusion, ... | 1997 | 9554166 |
| hepatitis a vaccination. | 1998 | 9556642 | |
| the latest seroepidemiological pattern of hepatitis a in japan. | age-specific prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) was surveyed with 2,708 sera collected in 1994 in various areas of japan. by age-group analyses, we found strong association of anti-hav antibody with higher age group. the prevalence ratios of antibody in the groups of 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and 65 years or older were 0, 4.2, 22.0, 44.8, 57.6, 76.4, 84.5 and 91.4%, respectively. geometric mean titers of anti-hav antibody in the positive age groups wer ... | 1997 | 9556753 |