Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| seroprevalence and risk factors for the presence of ruminant pestiviruses in the dutch swine population. | swine can be infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv), as well as ruminant pestiviruses: bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bdv). cross-reactions between pestiviruses occur, both regarding protective immunity and in diagnostic tests. the presence of bvdv and bdv in a swine population may thus affect the transmission of csfv, but also the diagnosis of a csfv infection. in this study, the seroprevalence against bvdv and bdv in two categories of swine, sows and f ... | 2009 | 19128896 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus from three water buffalo fetuses (bubalus bubalis) in southern italy. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen that primarily infects ruminants, leading to several clinical problems including abortion. bvdv-specific antibodies were reported in a wide range of hosts within domestic and wildlife animal populations, and serological studies also indicated bvdv infection in buffaloes. the purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of bvdv in 2 water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) herds with a history of abortion. virus isolation from aborted fetuse ... | 2009 | 19139516 |
| disseminated bovine viral diarrhea virus in a persistently infected alpaca (vicugna pacos) cria. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an emerging infectious pathogen of concern to the alpaca industry. a 4-month-old, intact, male alpaca cria was diagnosed as persistently infected with bvdv on the basis of repeated positive antemortem polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and virus isolation (vi) assays and negative serologic titers to bvdv. immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription pcr, and vi performed on tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated disseminated bvdv-1b infection. viru ... | 2009 | 19139518 |
| safety and efficacy of vaccination of seronegative bulls with modified-live, cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | the objectives were to vaccinate peri-pubertal bulls with a modified-live vaccine consisting of cytopathic bvdv strains singer and 296 and evaluate the resulting: (a) transient shed of modified-live, cytopathic bvdv in semen; (b) risk of prolonged testicular infection; and (c) protection against subsequent testicular infection due to viral challenge. seronegative, peri-pubertal bulls were vaccinated subcutaneously with a standard dose of vaccine (n=11) or were maintained as unvaccinated controls ... | 2009 | 19144395 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies among sheep and goats in india. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pestivirus antibodies in sheep and goats in india. a total of 2803 serum samples collected between 2004 and 2008 from 1777 sheep in 92 flocks and 1026 goats in 63 flocks belonging to 13 states were tested by competition elisa for detection of pestivirus antibodies. in sheep, the true prevalence rate was 23.4% (95% confidence interval: 22.9%-27.0%) and in goats it was 16.9% (95% ci: 16.4%-21.3%). the flock level seroprevalence was 66.3% for ... | 2009 | 19153817 |
| control of bovine virus diarrhoea at the herd level: reducing the risk of false negatives in the detection of persistently infected cattle. | the need to detect and eliminate cattle persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is key to the control of bvd and has been shown to be very effective in eradicating bvdv from infected herds. however, because of pitfalls in the detection procedures, some pi animals can be missed and, as a result, are not identified and removal is delayed. the high prevalence of bvdv in cattle populations in some countries (such as belgium and neighbouring countries) means there is a hig ... | 2010 | 19157928 |
| phylogeny, classification and evolutionary insights into pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus comprises four established species: bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); and a tentative species, pestivirus of giraffe. additional pestiviruses have been identified and suggested for recognition as novel subgroups/species. to achieve a reliable phylogeny as the basis for classification of pestiviruses, a molecular dataset of 56 pestiviruses and 2089 characters, comprising the 5'utr, com ... | 2009 | 19167739 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in alpacas in the united states. | to determine the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-infected alpaca herds in the united states and investigate factors associated with seropositive herd status and, subsequently, determine the proportion of animals within seropositive alpaca herds that are persistently infected (pi) carriers for bvdv, obtain information regarding previous herd exposure to bvdv, determine titers of anti-bvdv antibodies of dams, and ascertain whether individual seropositive crias had received supplem ... | 2009 | 19222364 |
| novel imino sugar derivatives demonstrate potent antiviral activity against flaviviruses. | imino sugars, such as n-butyl-deoxynojirimycin and n-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (nndnj), are glucose analogues that selectively inhibit cellular alpha-glucosidase i and ii in the endoplasmic reticulum and exhibit antiviral activities against many types of enveloped viruses. although these molecules have broad-spectrum antiviral activity, their development has been limited by a lack of efficacy and/or selectivity. we have previously reported that a dnj derivative with a hydroxylated cyclohexyl side c ... | 2009 | 19223639 |
| effect of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection on dairy calf rearing. | the aim of this study was to compare the cumulative incidence of mortality, clinical diarrhoea and respiratory disease in calves, during their first six months of age, in herds with different bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection status. calves' health indicators were tested by comparing proportions in 101 farms with dissimilar infection condition. the results indicate that there was a significant relationship between the bvdv status (actively infected herd or not) and the cumulative inc ... | 2009 | 19230944 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) associated with single in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced preimplantation bovine embryos following artificial exposure. | the objective was to determine the average amount of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) associated with single in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos following recommended processing procedures for embryos. in vivo-derived and in vitro-produced bovine embryos at 7d post-fertilization were exposed (for 2h) to 2 x 10(5-7) cell culture infective dose (ccid(50))/ml of sd-1 (a noncytopathic, type 1a strain of bvdv), and then washed according to international embryo transfer society (iet ... | 2009 | 19246081 |
| seroprevalence and characterization of pestivirus infections in small ruminants and new world camelids in switzerland. | the seroprevalence of pestivirus infections in small ruminants and new world camelids in switzerland was determined. in 5'059 sera of sheep from 382 herds, 503 sera of goats from 54 herds and 109 sera of alpacas and lamas from 53 herds, population prevalences of 16.1% (sheep), 25.4% (goats) and 4.6% (new world camelids), respectively, were found. in order to determine the source of infection, the serological reactions were further characterized by cross-neutralization against two pestiviruses re ... | 2009 | 19263380 |
| comparative moleculo-immunological analysis of swamp- and riverine-type water buffaloes responses. | this moleculo-epidemiological and immunological study through cytokine response assessment was done to know the dynamics of cytokines in the initiation, persistence and association to physiological changes of a particular pathogen in water buffaloes. this is important to understand the magnitude and behavior of disease progression. water buffalo blood samples gathered from different places in the philippines revealed a 9.4%, 27.6%, 10.3% and 4.4% prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), ... | 2009 | 19285880 |
| effects of on-arrival versus delayed clostridial or modified live respiratory vaccinations on health, performance, bovine viral diarrhea virus type i titers, and stress and immune measures of newly received beef calves. | stress, commonly associated with weaning, marketing, and shipment of feeder cattle, can compromise immune function, and vaccine administration during immunosuppression may reduce vaccine efficacy and calf growth. four treatments were compared in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effect of on-arrival (d 0) vs. delayed (d 14) administration of clostridial (clos) and respiratory (resp) vaccines on health, performance, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antibody titers, and physiological ... | 2009 | 19286815 |
| inhibition of sphingosine kinase by bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 is crucial for efficient viral replication and cytopathogenesis. | sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) is a bioactive sphingolipid implicated in diverse cellular functions including survival, proliferation, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and immunity. sphingosine kinase (sphk) contributes to these functions by converting sphingosine to s1p. we report here that the nonstructural protein ns3 from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a close relative of hepatitis c virus (hcv), binds to and inhibits the catalytic activity of sphk1 independently of its serine protease activ ... | 2009 | 19293152 |
| identification of a lipid kinase as a host factor involved in hepatitis c virus rna replication. | a functional screen of an adenovirus-delivered shrna library that targets approximately 4500 host genes was performed to identify cellular factors that regulate hepatitis c virus (hcv) sub-genomic rna replication. seventy-three hits were further examined by sirna oligonucleotide-directed knockdown, and silencing of the pi4ka gene was demonstrated to have a significant effect on the replication of a hcv genotype 1b replicon. using transient sirna oligonucleotide transfections and stable shrna kno ... | 2009 | 19304308 |
| a replicon trans-packaging system reveals the requirement of nonstructural proteins for the assembly of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) virion. | a selective trans-packaging system was developed to produce and isolate bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) pseudo-particles with complementing reporter replicons and their packaging proteins expressed in trans with recombinant vaccinia virus. the encapsidation of replicon rns3-5b was dependent not only on the in trans expression of structural proteins c, e(rns), e1 and e2, but also the nonstructural proteins, p7 and contiguous precursor ns2-3-4a. nonstructural p7, ns4b, ns5a or ns5b could be exp ... | 2009 | 19327808 |
| experimental risk assessment of bovine viral diarrhea virus transmission via in vitro embryo production using somatic cell nucleus transfer. | the objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive risk assessment on infectious disease transmission in the system of in vitro embryo production via somatic cell nucleus transfer (scnt) technology using bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a model. the risks of bvdv transmission in each step of the scnt embryo production procedure, from donor cells to preimplantation scnt embryo culture, were carefully examined using a sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. the identified ... | 2009 | 19349070 |
| virus recovery and full-length sequence analysis of atypical bovine pestivirus th/04_khonkaen. | phylogenetic analysis of recently identified "atypical" bovine pestiviruses, performed based on different gene regions, has revealed unclear relationships with other established species, therefore, their phylogenetic position could not be determined so far. in this study, the atypical pestivirus th/04_khonkaen was recovered from serum of a naturally infected calf and the complete genome sequence was determined and analysed, as means to define its position. the viral genome is 12,337 nucleotides ... | 2009 | 19349128 |
| wildlife a concern in bvdv control. | 2009 | 19360997 | |
| molecular modelling study of the 3d structure of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) helicase. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the flaviviridae family of viruses and constitutes a very important pathogen for livestock around the world. the viral helicase is an enzyme essential for the proliferation and transmission of the virus. in this work a 3d-model of the bvdv helicase was produced using homology modelling techniques and the known 3d-structure of the hepatitis c helicase of the flaviviridae family as template, in an attempt to provide the means for structure-based de ... | 2008 | 19374131 |
| inhibition of subgenomic hepatitis c virus rna replication by acridone derivatives: identification of an ns3 helicase inhibitor. | we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (sar) of a large series of acridones and acridone-fragment derivatives designed on the basis of the selective antihepatitis c virus (hcv) activity shown by acridone 2, previously studied as a potential antibovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) compound. the evaluation of their ability to inhibit the hcv replication in huh-5-2 cells led to the identification of new, selective inhibitors. this indicates that the acridone skeleton, when prope ... | 2009 | 19388645 |
| morphological changes and virus distribution in the ileum of colostrum-deprived calves inoculated with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus genotype-1. | eight colostrum-deprived calves were inoculated intranasally with a non-cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) genotype-1 and killed in batches of two at 3, 6, 9 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). two non-inoculated animals with similar background served as controls. all infected calves developed mild pyrexia and transient leucopenia due primarily to lymphopenia. viraemia was correlated with body temperature and inversely related to leucocyte count. ileal peyer's patches devel ... | 2009 | 19406434 |
| stability of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in ear punch samples collected from bovine fetuses. | fourteen first-calf heifers were tested free of antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) by serum neutralization and free of bvdv by polymerase chain reaction. twelve were exposed to bvdv-1b strain ca0401186a at 84-86 days of gestation, and 2 were exposed to mock inoculum and served as negative controls. fetuses were harvested by cesarean section at 115-117 days of gestation. the 12 fetuses removed from the bvdv-exposed heifers were bvdv positive based on virus isolation from kidn ... | 2009 | 19407087 |
| a pyrazolotriazolopyrimidinamine inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication that targets the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | [7-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propyl]-2-(2-furyl)-7h-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine] (lz37) was identified as a selective inhibitor of in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) replication. the ec(50) values for inhibition of bvdv-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) formation, viral rna synthesis and production of infectious virus were 4.3+/-0.7microm, 12.9+/-1microm and 5.8+/-0.6microm, respectively. lz37 proved inactive against the hepatitis c virus and the flavivirus yello ... | 2009 | 19428605 |
| antigenic differentiation of classical swine fever viruses in china by monoclonal antibodies. | the phylogenetic diversity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in china has been extensively studied previously, with the report of the classification of chinese csfvs into four subgroups within two of the established genotypes, but the antigenic differences amongst chinese csf viruses still remain unknown. to address this issue, 21 csfv field strains isolated in china between 1996 and 2006 were grown in cell culture and characterized in comparison with two chinese reference strains: a virulen ... | 2009 | 19428750 |
| microarray analysis reveals distinct signaling pathways transcriptionally activated by infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in different cell types. | infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) causes different effects depending on its biotype in vitro; cytopathogenic (cp) strains induce apoptosis, type i interferon (ifn), and various stress-mediated responses, whereas non-cytopathogenic (ncp) strains do not. however, comprehensive transcriptional profiles of the cells infected with bvdv are still unknown. here we performed microarray analysis of bvdv-infected mdbk epithelial cells and bovine fetal muscle (bfm) fibroblast cells. infecti ... | 2009 | 19428753 |
| evaluation of efficacy of mammalian and baculovirus expressed e2 subunit vaccine candidates to bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a worldwide pathogen of cattle causing a wide spectrum of clinical disease. the major envelope glycoprotein of bvdv, e2, induces the production of neutralising antibodies. in this study we compared the protection afforded to cattle after bvdv challenge by two separate e2 vaccine candidates produced by different heterologous protein expression systems. e2 antigen was expressed using the baculovirus expression system (bre2) and a mammalian cell expression sys ... | 2009 | 19428855 |
| multiple diagnostic tests to identify cattle with bovine viral diarrhea virus and duration of positive test results in persistently infected cattle. | several tests for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were applied to samples collected monthly from december 20, 2005, through november 27, 2006 (day 0 to day 342) from 12 persistently infected (pi) cattle with bvdv subtypes found in us cattle: bvdv-1a, bvdv-1b, and bvdv-2a. the samples included clotted blood for serum, nasal swabs, and fresh and formalin-fixed ear notches. the tests were as follows: titration of infectious virus in serum and nasal swabs; antigen-capture (ac) enzyme-linked immun ... | 2009 | 19436580 |
| infectivity of pestivirus following persistence of acute infection. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an endemic pathogen worldwide and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected (pi) animals arising after in utero infection. despite this, acute infections with bvdv can persist for months or years after the removal of the pi source despite repeated screening for pis and tight biosecurity measures. recent evidence for a prolonged duration of viraemia in the testicles of bulls following acute bvdv infection suggest ... | 2009 | 19443139 |
| antiviral activity of indole derivatives. | unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 5 were prepared following a known method, by reaction of the mannich bases of 2-naphthols 4 with indoles. all synthesized compounds were tested against a wide panel of viruses, since previous work showed that mannich bases on 7-hydroxycoumarin 1 and unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 2 were endowed with some antiviral activities. the symmetrical mannich bases 4 were completely inactive, whereas the unsymmetrical methylene derivatives 5, although possessing a ... | 2009 | 19445965 |
| comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses to a pentavalent modified live virus vaccine in three age groups of calves with maternal antibodies, before and after bvdv type 2 challenge. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a pentavalent (bvdv types 1 and 2, bhv-1, brsv, and pi-3) modified live virus (mlv) vaccine given to 1-2-, 4-5-, and 7-8-week-old calves with maternal antibodies to induce humoral and cellular immune responses and protect calves from virulent bvdv type 2. eight calves in each age group were vaccinated and four served as controls. all calves were challenged intranasally with bvdv type 2, 12 weeks after vaccination. svn titers to all five viruse ... | 2009 | 19446589 |
| discovery of diphenylmethane analogs as anti-bovine diarrhea viral agents. | based on antiviral screening of our diphenylmethane derivatives prepared as steroid substitutes, we identified a 1,1-diphenylcyclobutane analog (9) and two diethyldiphenylsilane analogs (12 and 13) as superior lead compounds with potent anti-bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) activity, having 50% effective concentration (ec(50): based on reduction of bvdv replication-induced cell destruction) and 50% cytotoxic concentration (cc(50): based on reduction of viable cell number) values of 6.2-8.4 mic ... | 2009 | 19447037 |
| virus inactivation during the freeze-drying processes as used for the manufacture of plasma-derived medicinal products. | freeze-drying is a technology widely used during the production of plasma-derived medicinal products. several studies have shown that freeze-drying can also result in virus inactivation and particularly of hepatitis a virus (hav). to date, however, the variables critical for virus inactivation during freeze-drying have not been investigated systematically. | 2009 | 19453977 |
| classification of new bvdv isolates from philippine water buffalo using the viral e2 region. | characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates has been focused of several studies this last decade. until now lots of new strains are being unfolded maybe due to the viral fast mutation ability. as we focused our research on water buffalo immunology, we were able to identify a probable new bvdv isolates. rna was extracted from water buffalo blood in the philippines. the extracted rna was reverse-transcribed and synthesized cdna. oligonucleotide primers from the viral e2 region ... | 2009 | 19455512 |
| epidemiology of prolonged testicular infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | previously, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) had been found in prolonged testicular infections following acute infection of immunocompetent bulls. the primary purpose of this research was to evaluate the production and maintenance of prolonged testicular infections after exposure to bvdv of seronegative bulls in varying circumstances. the secondary objective was to initiate assessment of the potential for transmission of bvdv via semen of bulls exhibiting a prolonged testicular infection. in t ... | 2009 | 19473788 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against pestiviruses in small ruminants in the netherlands. | in this study, a serological survey was performed to determine the prevalence of pestivirus (bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv)) infected small ruminants herds in the netherlands. after random selection of sheep farms, a sample size was determined to detect a 5% herd prevalence. 13 out of 29 farms were tested seropositive using an elisa which detects antibodies directed against the non structural protein 3 (ns3) of pestiviruses. this resulted in a seroprevalence fo ... | 2009 | 19480144 |
| antiviral activity of geneticin against dengue virus. | the aminoglycoside, geneticin (g418), was recently shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). since bvdv, dengue virus (denv) and yellow fever virus (yfv) all belong to the flaviviridae family, it seemed possible that a common step in their life cycle might be affected by this aminoglycoside. here it is shown that geneticin prevented the cytopathic effect (cpe) resulting from denv-2 infection of bhk cells, in a dose-dependent manner with an 50% effective concent ... | 2009 | 19501253 |
| first report of bvdv circulation in sheep in argentina. | pestiviruses are capable of infecting a wide range of animals within the order artyodactila. currently, the genus pestivirus includes bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). bvdv-1, bvdv-2 and bdv are able to cross species barrier to infect a wide range of hosts, whereas csfv is restricted to domestic pigs and wild boars. in argentina, 70% of cattle are seropositive to bvdv. although there were some serological st ... | 2009 | 19501923 |
| a short target real-time rt-pcr assay for detection of pestiviruses infecting cattle. | a rapid single step real-time duplex taqman rt-pcr was developed for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-1, bvdv-2 and border disease virus (bdv). based on alignment of available and newly generated partial 5'-utr nucleotide sequences, one forward and two reverse primers were designed, which amplify a 104bp pcr product. two taqman probes labelled with different fluorochromes were designed to detect bvdv-1/bvdv-2 and bdvs, respectively. the assay was able to detect a selection of str ... | 2009 | 19523981 |
| maximum likelihood and bayesian analyses of a combined nucleotide sequence dataset for genetic characterization of a novel pestivirus, sva/cont-08. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2) are two recognised bovine pestivirus species of the genus pestivirus. recently, a pestivirus, termed sva/cont-08, was detected in a batch of contaminated foetal calf serum originating from south america. comparative sequence analysis showed that the sva/cont-08 virus shares 15-28% higher sequence identity to pestivirus d32/00_'hobi' than to members of bvdv-1 and bvdv-2. in order to reveal the phylogenetic relatio ... | 2009 | 19526350 |
| identification of a bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 isolated from cattle in china. | the identification and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strain sd-06 isolated from cattle in china is reported. we performed sequence analysis of 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) and e2 sequences and the identity at the nucleotide and amino acid level indicated that the isolate was closely related to bvdv-2. the bvdv-2 strain new york'93 showed the highest sequence homology with the isolate sd-06. the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate sd-06 belonged to bvdv ... | 2009 | 19537915 |
| simulation of the k-function in the analysis of spatial clustering for non-randomly distributed locations--exemplified by bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in denmark. | the k-function is often used to detect spatial clustering in spatial point processes, e.g. clustering of infected herds. clustering is identified by testing the observed k-function for complete spatial randomness modelled, e.g. by a homogeneous poisson process. the approach provides information about spatial clustering as well as the scale of distances of clustering. however, there are several problems related to applying the k-function, e.g. estimation of the size of the study area and the assu ... | 2009 | 19540607 |
| zinc binding in pestivirus n(pro) is required for interferon regulatory factor 3 interaction and degradation. | pestiviruses, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus (csfv), use the viral protein n(pro) to subvert host cell antiviral responses. n(pro) is the first protein encoded by the single large open reading frame of the pestivirus positive-sense rna genome and has an autoproteolytic activity, cleaving itself off from the polyprotein. n(pro) also targets interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3), a transcription factor for alpha/beta interferon genes, and promotes its proteasom ... | 2009 | 19540847 |
| congenital tremor and hypomyelination associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in 23 british cattle herds. | this paper presents data from 23 british herds investigated between 1991 and 2007 where neurological disease in calves was caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection. a variety of clinical signs, most commonly tremor or trembling, were apparent in the calves from birth, and most were recumbent or unable to stand unsupported. severe diffuse neuraxial hypomyelination was present in all of the calves, and immunohistochemistry revealed cerebral neuronal labelling consistent with congeni ... | 2009 | 19542551 |
| new insights into processing of bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoproteins e(rns) and e1. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. its single-stranded rna encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved co- and post-translationally by viral and cellular proteases. however, the cleavage between the envelope proteins e(rns) and e1 is still unexplained. in this study, an e(rns)-e1 protein could be identified and characterized with a new e1-specific antiserum. with bicistronic constructs bearing a deletion in the e(rns)-encoding region ... | 2009 | 19553392 |
| lung pathology and infectious agents in fatal feedlot pneumonias and relationship with mortality, disease onset, and treatments. | this study charted 237 fatal cases of bovine respiratory disease (brd) observed from may 2002 to may 2003 in a single oklahoma feed yard. postmortem lung samples were used for agent identification and histopathology. late in the study, 94 skin samples (ear notches) were tested for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) by immunohistochemistry (ihc). bovine respiratory disease morbidity was 14.7%, and the mortality rate of all causes was 1.3%, with more than half (53.8%) attributed to brd (0.7% total ... | 2009 | 19564494 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 infection activates the unfolded protein response in mdbk cells, leading to apoptosis. | bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains are divided into cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes based on the ablity to induce cytopathic effects in cultured cells. the mechanism of cytopathogenicity of bvdv-2 is not well understood. we examined cytopathogenesis in mdbk cells resulting from bvdv-2 infections by microscopic examinations and microarray analysis. we found that bvdv-2 activates endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress signaling pathways that contribute to apoptosis of infected cells. ... | 2009 | 19578292 |
| analysis of variability and antigenic peptide prediction of e2 bvdv glycoprotein in a mucosal-disease affected animal. | 2009 | 19585258 | |
| phylogenetic analysis and characterization of korean bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | thirty-six bovine viral disease viruses (bvdvs) were identified in bovine feces (n=16), brains (n=2), and aborted fetuses (n=18) in korea. to reveal the genetic diversity and characteristics of these korean strains, the sequences of their 5'-untranslated regions (5'-utrs) were determined and then compared with published reference sequences. neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the korean viruses were of the bvdv subtypes 1a (n=17) or 2a (n=17). the remaining strains were ... | 2009 | 19589650 |
| activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in mdbk cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | our efforts to identify the cellular signaling cascades triggered by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection in mdbk cells revealed marked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (erk). enhanced phosphorylation of erk was detected following infection with cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv, but not with noncytopathogenic bvdv. it appears that cp bvdv-induced erk phosphorylation is caused by oxidative stress, because erk phosphorylation was inducible by treatment with hydrogen peroxide ... | 2009 | 19609634 |
| effect of cryopreservation by slow cooling and vitrification on viral contamination of ivf embryos experimentally exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1. | the objective was to determine the effect of cryopreservation by conventional slow controlled cooling (0.5 degrees c/min) and by vitrification on the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) infectivity associated with frozen-thawed day 7 bovine embryos. in this study, day 7 embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (ivf) were exposed in vitro for 1.5h to bvdv (n=393) and bhv-1 (n=242) and subsequently tested before and after cryopreservation for the pres ... | 2009 | 19616294 |
| experimental infection of white-tailed deer fawns (odocoileus virginianus) with bovine viral diarrhea virus type-1 isolated from free-ranging white-tailed deer. | the objective of the current study was to elucidate the within-host dynamics of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type-1 infection to better understand how this virus could be maintained in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus, wtd) populations. the bvdv type-1 used in this study was originally isolated from a free-ranging wtd in indiana. four fawns were intranasally inoculated with 2 ml bvdv type-1 strain 544 wtd at a 10(6) tissue culture infectious dose (tcid(50))/ml. two fawns were inoc ... | 2009 | 19617475 |
| in vitro amplification of bvdv field strains isolated in argentina: effect of cell line and culture conditions. | the aim of this work was to study the in vitro amplification of bvdv (pestivirus, flaviridae) field isolates from argentina in mdbk, botur and bhk-21 continuous cell lines. field isolates 99/134 (mucosal disease), 00/693 (mucosal disease), 04p7016 (respiratory disease) and 04/89 (mucosal disease), genotype 1b, were used and compared with the singer and nadl reference strains, genotype 1a. additionally, cell lines derived from explants of bovine testis (rd-420), bovine uterus (ncl-1) and porcine ... | 2009 | 19623896 |
| evaluation of experimental vaccines for bovine viral diarrhea in bovines, ovines and guinea pigs. | the bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection control should be based on elimination of persistently infected animals and on immunization through vaccination, to prevent fetal infection. however, the efficacy of inactivated bvdv vaccines is variable due to its low immunogenicity. this study evaluated the humoral immune response against homologous and heterologous strains of 7 inactivated bvdv vaccines, in bovines and two experimental models (ovine and guinea pig) which might be used to test c ... | 2009 | 19623897 |
| apoptosis in lymphoid tissues of calves inoculated with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1: activation of effector caspase-3 and role of macrophages. | the mechanisms responsible for lymphocyte apoptosis in bovine viral diarrhoea have not yet been clarified. previous work suggests that bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is only directly responsible for the destruction of a small number of lymphocytes. the aim of this study was to clarify, in vivo, the role of macrophages in lymphocyte destruction through indirect mechanisms linked to the biosynthetic activation of these immunocompetent cells on ileal peyer's patches, as well as the distribution ... | 2009 | 19641046 |
| amplification of bovine viral diarrhoea virus introduced into an in vitro embryo production system via oocytes from persistently infected cattle. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether or not embryos derived from in vitro fertilization of oocytes from persistently infected (pi) cattle would contain infectious virus.three in vitro embryo production treatment groups were assessed: 1) oocytes and uterine tubal cells (utc) free of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) (negative control), 2)oocytes free of bvdv fertilized and cultured in media containing utc obtained from pi heifers, and 3) oocytes from pi heifers fertilized and cult ... | 2009 | 19655440 |
| development and validation of an elisa for quantitation of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in the critical stages of vaccine production. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is the causative agent of a worldwide disease. the virus infects bovines of all ages, causing reproductive problems and contaminating biological products of high commercial value. the large-scale production of bvdv vaccines presents the challenge of processing antigenic proteins that are highly susceptible to the processing environment. potency testing requires the immunization of cattle in order to determine the neutralizing antibodies titers induced by the va ... | 2009 | 19665482 |
| seroconversion to bovine viral diarrhoea virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in dairy herds of michoacan, mexico. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) are important viral diseases around the world. the objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of seroconversion to bvdv and ibrv and to identify associated risk factors in dairy herds of michoacan, mexico. the longitudinal study included 62 herds and ran from december 2001 to november 2002. the total number of animals enrolled and completing the study were 392 and 342 animals for bvdv and 925 and 89 ... | 2010 | 19685278 |
| serological survey of antibodies against bvd virus in camels (camelus dromedarius) in iran. | this serological survey was carried out to detect antibodies in dromedary camels against bvd virus in iran. a total of 137 serum samples, were collected from camels at khorein abattoir in suburbs of tehran and examined for bvdv, using the serum neutralization test (snt). twenty seven of the 137 camels (19.7%) were positive for bvdv antibodies. it was found that the rate of seropositive camels in iran is substantially higher compared to figures published in most other countries. this study indica ... | 2010 | 19701796 |
| modelling the effects of previous infection and re-infection on the costs of bovine viral diarrhoea outbreaks in beef herds. | a previously published model was re-employed to examine the potential impact of different epidemiological circumstances on output losses due to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in typical british hill cow-calf enterprises. the average annuity equivalent of unchecked losses from 100 simulated 10-year disease scenarios ranged from almost pound0/cow to approximately pound40/cow. significant differences were found under certain circumstances, depending on the initial disease status of t ... | 2010 | 19709915 |
| influence of ns5a protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on csfv internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) present in the 5' untranslated region (utr) promotes translation of classical swine fever virus (csfv) genomes. using an in vitro system with monocistronic reporter rna containing the csfv 5'utr, this study found that csfv ns5a decreased csfv ires-mediated translation in a dose-dependent manner. deletion analysis showed that the region responsible for repressing csfv ires activity might cover aa 390-414, located in the c-terminal half of csfv ns5a. triple a ... | 2009 | 19710255 |
| testing genotoxicity and cytotoxicity strategies for the evaluation of commercial radiosterilized fetal calf sera. | effects of 18 commercial lots of fetal calf serum (fcs) after gamma-irradiation and their non-irradiated counterparts were comparatively analyzed on cho-k1 and mdbk mdl1 cells for genotoxicity [sister chromatid exchange (sce), micronuclei (mni), and single cell gel electrophoresis (scge)], cytotoxicity [cell-cycle progression (ccp), proliferative replication index (pri), mitotic index (mi), growth promotion (gp), and plating efficiency (pe)], and microbiological properties (mycoplasma and bovine ... | 2010 | 19716317 |
| effect of the viral protein n(pro) on virulence of bovine viral diarrhea virus and induction of interferon type i in calves. | to characterize the influence of the viral protein n(pro) on virulence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and on type i interferon responses in calves. | 2009 | 19719427 |
| comparison of single vaccination versus revaccination with a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (types 1a and 2a), parainfluenza type 3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the prevention of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. | objective-to compare effects of administration of a modified-live respiratory virus vaccine once with administration of the same vaccine twice on the health and performance of cattle. design-randomized, controlled trial. animals-612 mixed-breed male cattle with unknown health histories. procedures-cattle were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (single vaccination treatment group [svac group] vs revaccination treatment group [revac group]) during the preconditioning phase of production. ... | 2009 | 19719452 |
| inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro by xanthohumol: comparisons with ribavirin and interferon-alpha and implications for the development of anti-hepatitis c virus agents. | xanthohumol (xn) is a natural compound with potential antiviral activity. in this study, the ability of xn to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), was investigated. the antiviral activity of xn was compared with that of ribavirin (rbv) and interferon (ifn)-alpha. the results showed that xn could inhibit bvdv induced cytopathic effects (cpe). at 1000 tcid(50) and 100 tcid(50), the values of 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) were 3.24+/-0.02 ... | 2009 | 19720145 |
| experimental fetal challenge using type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle vaccinated with modified-live virus vaccine. | nineteen open heifers or cows were vaccinated 45 days prior to breeding with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccine. an additional six animals were not vaccinated and served as controls. all 25 animals were estrus-synchronized and bred. at 75 days of gestation, the 25 pregnant animals were experimentally infected with a type ii isolate of bvdv by intranasal inoculation. at 75 days after inoculation, the animals were euthanized and each fetus was removed and retained for sampl ... | 2001 | 19746658 |
| the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in beef suckler herds in scotland. | bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) is an endemic disease of cattle that causes substantial losses to both beef and dairy production worldwide. the goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of active bvd virus (bvdv) infection in beef suckler herds in scotland. information was collected from 301 herds using a stratified random sampling design based on agricultural census data. herds were classified as with and without active infection based on the within-herd bvdv seroprevalence in young stock ... | 2010 | 19747863 |
| xanthohumol enhances antiviral effect of interferon alpha-2b against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate of hepatitis c virus. | xanthohumol (xn) is a natural compound with multifunctional potentials, including antiviral activity. in this study, the antiviral activity of addition of xn to interferon (ifn)-alpha was examined and compared with each compound alone using bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv). bvdv e2 protein and the viral rna level were determined by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time rt-pcr, respectively. the addition of xn to ifn-alpha significantly impr ... | 2010 | 19748253 |
| neutralizing antibody responses in preconditioned calves following vaccination for respiratory viruses. | calf preconditioning programs that include vaccinations against common respiratory pathogens are beneficial; however, optimal vaccination protocols have not been determined. in the study described here, calves were placed in a preconditioning program and assigned to one of nine vaccine regimens, each consisting of some combinations of killed or modified-live virus vaccines against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, and bovine respirato ... | 2002 | 19750742 |
| response to modified live and killed multivalent viral vaccine in regularly vaccinated, fresh dairy cows. | vaccination programs for viral pathogens in the dairy industry span the full spectrum of possibilities even though few of these have been evaluated in field situations. one such program is the vaccination of fresh cows 30 to 60 days postpartum with modified live viral (mlv) vaccines. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibody response to booster vaccinations during this period. the impact of vaccinations on milk production and reproductive performance was also examined. the response ... | 2000 | 19757565 |
| invited review: the role of contagious disease in udder health. | contagious diseases are a threat to animal health and productivity, both nationally and at the farm level. this makes implementation of biosecurity measures to prevent their introduction and spread within countries and farms a necessity. mastitis is the most common and costly contagious disease affecting dairy farms in the western world. the major mastitis pathogens are endemic in most countries, and biosecurity measures to prevent introduction and transmission must therefore be implemented at f ... | 2009 | 19762787 |
| a single point mutation in nonstructural protein ns2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus results in temperature-sensitive attenuation of viral cytopathogenicity. | for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the type species of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) viruses are distinguished according to their effect on cultured cells. it has been established that cytopathogenicity of bvdv correlates with efficient production of viral nonstructural protein ns3 and with enhanced viral rna synthesis. here, we describe generation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of cp bvdv strain ... | 2009 | 19776121 |
| synthesis, pharmacological and antiviral activity of 1,3-thiazepine derivatives. | the preparation of new fourteen thiourea and fourteen product of their condensation with 1,4-dibromobutane, viz. 1,3-thiazepine derivatives, of 10-isopropyl-8-methyl-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.2.0(2,6)]undec-8-ene-3,5-dione and 1-isopropyl-7-methyl-4-aza-tricyclo[5.2.2.0(2,6)]undec-8-ene-3,5-dione is described. elemental analysis, ms and (1)h nmr spectra confirmed the identity of the products. the molecular structure of linear disubstituted thiourea derivative and its cyclization product was determined ... | 2009 | 19781821 |
| antigenic and genetic characterisation of border disease viruses isolated from uk cattle. | available empirical data on the natural occurrence of ruminant pestiviruses has shown that in cattle, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is nearly exclusively found, whereas both border disease virus (bdv) and bvdv can be isolated from sheep. during routine genetic typing of pestivirus rna from uk cattle diagnosed as bvdv positive between 2006 and 2008, five samples that were classified as bdv positive yielded positive virus isolates in cell cultures. the samples originated from animals that ha ... | 2010 | 19781869 |
| cellular targeting of engineered heterologous antigens is a determinant factor for bovine herpesvirus 4-based vaccine vector development. | in a previous study, an apathogenic strain of bovine herpesvirus 4 (bohv-4) cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome and expressing a chimeric peptide (ge2/gd) as a secreted form was described. recombinant virus-inoculated animals produced antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) ge2 and bohv-1 gd. however, neutralizing antibodies were produced only against bvdv, not against bohv-1. in the present work a recombinant bohv-4 expressing a membrane-linked form of ge2/gd chimeric pept ... | 2009 | 19793901 |
| expression of the ns3 protease of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus results in the induction of apoptosis but does not block activation of the beta interferon promoter. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv; genus pestivirus) can exist as two biotypes, cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (ncp). the cp form differs from ncp by the continual expression of free non-structural protein 3 (ns3). cp bvdv infection of cultured cells induces apoptosis, whereas ncp bvdv infection has been reported to block the induction of beta interferon (ifn-beta). to investigate the viral mechanisms underlying these effects, ns3 or ns2-3 proteins of ncp and cp bvdv biotypes, togeth ... | 2010 | 19793904 |
| anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus and hepatitis c virus activity of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor sc-560. | a number of compounds were examined for their inhibitory effect on bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) replication in cell cultures and found that some cyclooxygenase (cox) inhibitors had antiviral activity against the virus. | 2009 | 19794231 |
| characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus nonstructural protein 5a. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) nonstructural protein 5a (ns5a) is one the least studied of the bvdv proteins. therefore, to develop a tool for unraveling the functions performed by bvdv ns5a, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated by fusion of myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with recombinant e. coli-expressed gst-ns5a protein. two mabs (1h12 and 2f9) were established on the basis of immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. both the mabs were of igg1 subclass and ... | 2009 | 19795184 |
| clinical appearance and pathology of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus of different genetic subgroups. | bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) is an economically important cattle disease with a world-wide distribution that is caused by bvd virus, a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family. bvd viruses are genetically highly variable. they are classified into two genetic species (bvdv-1 and -2) that are further divided into numerous subgroups, particularly for bvdv-1. the complexity of these viruses is also reflected in their interaction with the host animals. infections are either transient or persistent and c ... | 2010 | 19819088 |
| epidemiology and control of bvd in the u.s. | the apparent prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) persistently infected cattle has been found to be low in u.s. dairies, beef herds and feedlots. current management practices within u.s. cattle industries that impact the epidemiology of bvdv infections include purchasing untested cattle, lack of biosecurity procedures, large herd sizes, mixing cattle from multiple sources, high cattle densities in dairy and feedlot operations, synchronous breeding of beef herds, communal grazing and ... | 2010 | 19833455 |
| generation of recombinant pestiviruses using a full-genome amplification strategy. | complete genome amplification of viral rna provides a new tool for the generation of modified viruses. we have recently reported a full-genome amplification strategy for recovery of pestiviruses (rasmussen et al., 2008). a full-length cdna amplicon corresponding to the border disease virus-gifhorn genome was generated by long rt-pcr and then rna transcripts derived from this amplicon were used to rescue infectious virus. here, we have now used this full-genome amplification strategy for efficien ... | 2010 | 19836906 |
| use of molecular and milk production information for the cost-effective diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhoea infection in new zealand dairy cattle. | an increase in veterinary and farmer interest in bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) in new zealand over recent years led to requests for cost-effective identification of bvd virus (bvdv) infected herds and individuals. this study was undertaken to determine if the use of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technology and dairy cow production data could identify persistently infected (pi) animals in milking herds. milk samples were collected from the vats of dairy herds a ... | 2010 | 19837521 |
| pestiviruses: how to outmaneuver your hosts. | heterogeneity is a hallmark that encompasses all aspects of pestiviruses, including the genetic properties, spectrum of hosts, disease signs and virulence. as an additional feature, pestiviruses are found world-wide, in both domesticated and wild animals, which indicates that these viruses are highly successful. starting with the strategy by which pestiviruses persist in their host population, we discuss the role virulence and attenuation play in viral transmission and focus on the interaction o ... | 2010 | 19846261 |
| evaluation of a commercial bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in nonpregnant female alpacas (vicugna pacos). | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an emerging pathogen in alpacas and many questions still persist regarding disease mechanisms and control strategies. the purpose of this study was to evaluate a commercial bvdv vaccine for safety and efficacy in alpacas. five nonpregnant alpacas were vaccinated with a modified-live bvdv vaccine and challenged 25 days post-immunization by nasal and ocular inoculation with a bvdv type 1b strain isolated from a confirmed bvdv persistently infected alpaca. two ... | 2010 | 19857453 |
| atypical 'hobi'-like pestiviruses--recent findings and implications thereof. | in 2004, an atypical pestivirus named d32/00_'hobi', isolated from foetal calf serum (fcs) originating from brazil, was described (schirrmeier et al., 2004). a few years later, a closely related virus (th/04_khonkaen) was detected in serum from a calf in thailand, indicating that this group of atypical pestiviruses already is spread in cattle populations in various regions of the world. at the friedrich-loeffler-institute, insel riems, germany, fcs batches are regularly tested for pestivirus con ... | 2010 | 19857934 |
| classical swine fever: comparison of oronasal immunisation with cp7e2alf marker and c-strain vaccines in domestic pigs. | effective oronasal vaccination against classical swine fever (csf) is essential to achieve protection in wild boar. however the currently available live csf vaccines, e.g. c-strain, do not allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva). a modified live marker vaccine candidate (cp7e2alf) has been recently developed (reimann et al., 2004). this communication reports the comparison of cp7e2alf and c-strain virus vaccines during 98 days following oronasal immunisat ... | 2010 | 19857935 |
| modelling the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in a managed metapopulation of cattle herds. | in numerous epidemiological models developed within a metapopulation framework, it is assumed that a single infected individual introduced into a patch infects the whole patch and that the proportion of infected individuals into infected patches is consistent over time and among patches. if this approach is relevant for rapidly spreading pathogens, it is less appropriate for moderately spreading pathogens, like the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), characterized by a variability in within-pat ... | 2010 | 19875250 |
| characterisation of a new infectious full-length cdna clone of bvdv genotype 2 and generation of virus mutants. | based on their genomic sequences, two genotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) can be differentiated, bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1) and bvdv type 2 (bvdv-2). the complete genomic sequence of the highly virulent bvdv-2 strain 890 was cloned as cdna to establish the infectious cdna clone p890fl. in vitro-synthesised full-length rna of p890fl was transfected into bovine cells and infectious virus could be recovered (v890fl). in vitro, recombinant v890fl showed similar growth characteristics as wild t ... | 2010 | 19875251 |
| novel bvdv-2 mutants as new candidates for modified-live vaccines. | protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 2 infection of commercially available vaccines is often limited due to marked genetic and antigenic differences between bvdv types 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2). therefore, the immunogenicity of selected bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 mutants derived from infectious full-length cdna clones and their use as modified-live vaccine candidates against challenge infection with a virulent heterologous bvdv-2 field isolate were investigated. deletion mutants of ... | 2010 | 19875253 |
| [isolation of noncytopathogenic genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus from the cattle mucosa in the russian federation]. | the paper presents the results of genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of three noncytopathogenic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus from the mucosae of the cattle with different clinical presentations of the disease. on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of high-conserved and variable virus genome regions (5'-utr, n(pro), and e2), the authors referred two isolates to as genotype 1, subgenotypes 1b and 1d, and the third isolate to as genotype 2. this is the first communication about the ... | 2009 | 19882904 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in heterologous species. | infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are not limited to cattle, but may be detected in various species in the mammalian order artiodactyla. despite epidemiological evidence of bvdv infections in species other than cattle, current knowledge regarding the impact of bvdv on heterologous species is incomplete. in heterologous hosts, bvdv infections with clinical signs analogous to those in cattle have been described and include disease of multiple organ systems, most notably the reprod ... | 2010 | 19883524 |
| bvd eradication in switzerland--a new approach. | diverse concepts for bvd eradication or control have been applied in several countries with varying success. results of previous studies conducted in switzerland have shown that the prevalence of antibody-positive animals is high and that bvdv is widespread in the country causing serious economic losses. a new approach to eradicate bvd in the cattle population in switzerland was chosen. it consists in testing the whole swiss cattle population for virus detection in a short period of time, withou ... | 2010 | 19883982 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus ns4b protein is an integral membrane protein associated with golgi markers and rearranged host membranes. | very little is known about bvdv ns4b, a protein of approximately 38 kda. however, a missense mutation in ns4b has been implicated in changing bvdv from a cytopathic to noncytopathic virus, suggesting that ns4b might play a role in bvdv pathogenesis. though this is one possible function, it is also likely that ns4b plays a role in bvdv genome replication. for example, bvdv ns4b interacts with ns3 and ns5a, implying that ns4b is part of a complex, which contains bvdv replicase proteins. other poss ... | 2009 | 19887001 |
| characterization of a new chimeric marker vaccine candidate with a mutated antigenic e2-epitope. | a new chimeric pestivirus "cp7_e1e2alf_tla", based on the infectious cdna of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain cp7, was constructed. the substitution of bvdv e1 and e2 with the respective proteins of classical swine fever (csf) strain alfort 187 allows an optimal heterodimerization of e1 and e2 in the chimeric virus, which is beneficial for efficient and authentic virus assembly and growth. in addition, for implementation of e2-based marker diagnostics, the previously described antigenic ... | 2010 | 19892497 |
| virucidal activity of 2 alcohol-based formulations proposed as hand rubs by the world health organization. | the virucidal activity of 2 hand rubs proposed by the world health organization was studied in a quantitative suspension test for chemical disinfectants and antiseptics in human medicine (en 14476). these formulations are recommended if no hand rubs with declared microbiological activity are available in health care settings. formulation i, based on ethanol, inactivated bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), adenovirus, and murine norovirus as a surrogate for human noroviru ... | 2010 | 19900740 |
| knowledge gaps impacting the development of bovine viral diarrhea virus control programs in the united states. | 2009 | 19912037 | |
| transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | cattle persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. persistent bvdv infections have been identified in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in north america. as pi deer shed bvdv similarly to pi cattle, maintenance of bvdv within white-tailed deer populations may be possible. to date, intraspecific transmission of bvdv ... | 2010 | 19922743 |
| reactivity and prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against japanese strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotypes. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) field isolates show genetic and antigenic diversity. at least 14 subgenotypes of bvdv-1 and 4 of bvdv-2 have been identified in artiodactyla worldwide. of these, 6 subgenotypes of bvdv-1 and 1 of bvdv-2 have been isolated in japan. previously, we reported that each subgenotype virus expresses different antigenic characteristics. here we investigated the reactivity of neutralizing antibodies against representative strains of japanese bvdv subgenotypes using sera ... | 2011 | 19931181 |
| voluntary and compulsory eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in lower austria. | a voluntary bvdv eradication program without vaccination was introduced in austria in 1997, according to the swedish model employing herd-level antibody tests. since this time, identified persistently infected (pi) animals have to be slaughtered. in order to protect non-infected herds, the major routes of introduction of bvdv infection into a herd, such as communal grazing and livestock trade, have to be controlled. in 1998 pi animals were identified in 7.5% of affiliated herds of herd book bree ... | 2010 | 19931989 |