Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| a tiny rna that packs a big punch: the critical role of a viral mir-155 ortholog in lymphomagenesis in marek's disease. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that have been identified in animals, plants, and viruses. these small rnas play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of various cellular processes, including development, differentiation, and all aspects of cancer biology. rapid-onset t-cell lymphoma of chickens, namely marek's disease (md), induced by gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv2), could provide an ideal natural animal model for herpesvirus-related cancer research. gahv2 encodes 26 ... | 2017 | 28694799 |
| marek's disease virus type 1 encoded analog of mir-155 promotes proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast and df-1 cells by targeting hnrnpab. | marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv-1) is a representative oncogenic alpha herpesvirus that causes an immunosuppressive and neoplastic lymphoproliferative avian disease, namely marek's disease (md). the rapid-onset t-cell lymphoma in chickens induced by mdv-1 has been historically regarded as an ideal natural model for herpesvirus-related cancer research. as a viral analog of cellular mir-155, the mdv-1-encoded mir-m4-5p has been shown to be crucial for the virally-induced md tumorigenesis. our pr ... | 2017 | 28757026 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a virulent marek's disease virus field strain in broiler chickens in japan. | marek's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease causing a serious threat in poultry production. field strains of marek's disease virus (mdvs) are continuously re-emerging, causing great economical losses to the poultry industry worldwide in spite of the intensive vaccination and restrictive management policy used. histopathological and molecular characterizations of mdvs are essential for monitoring the changes of viruses and evaluating the effectiveness of existing vaccines. during 2016, 190 v ... | 2017 | 28762757 |
| epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of fowl adenovirus infections in commercial chickens in china. | one hundred and five fowl adenovirus (fadv) strains were isolated in china from 2015 to 2016 from poultry with inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) and hydropericardium syndrome (hps). polymerase chain reactions determined that 68 were fadv species c, five were fadv species d, two were fadv species e, and 30 contained two or more different fadv strains. a phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated fadv strains clustered into three major groups: fadv-c, fadv-d and fadv-e. based on a hexon gene sequ ... | 2017 | 28804982 |
| a novel method for genome-wide profiling of dynamic host-pathogen interactions using 3' end enriched rna-seq. | marek's disease is a contagious lymphoproliferative disease of chickens and typical model of viral oncogenesis. mapping changes or different states over the course of infection for both host and pathogen would provide important insights into dynamic host-pathogen interactions. here we introduced 3' end enriched rna-seq as a novel method to study host-pathogen interactions in chicken embryo fibroblasts cells challenged with marek's disease virus. the method allowed accurate profiling of gene expr ... | 2017 | 28819105 |
| long intergenic non-coding rna galmd3 in chicken marek's disease. | long intergenic non-coding rnas (lincrnas) are transcribed from non-coding dna sequences. studies have revealed that aberrant expressions of lincrnas are associated with various types of cancers and neurological disorders. marek's disease (md) is a highly contagious t-cell lymphoid neoplasia of chicken induced by marek's disease virus (mdv). in this study, we first identified and validated linc-galmd3 highly expressed in mdv-infected cd4+ t cells by rna-seq and qrt-pcr. by rna-seq analysis in md ... | 2017 | 28860661 |
| dynamic changes in the splenic transcriptome of chickens during the early infection and progress of marek's disease. | gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv2) is an oncogenic avian herpesvirus inducing marek's disease (md) and rapid-onset t-cell lymphomas. to reveal molecular events in md pathogenesis and tumorigenesis, the dynamic splenic transcriptome of gahv2-infected chickens during early infection and pathogenic phases has been determined utilizing rna-seq. based on the significant differentially expressed genes (degs), analysis of gene ontology, kegg pathway and protein-protein interaction network has demonstrat ... | 2017 | 28912500 |
| induction of dna damages upon marek's disease virus infection: implication in viral replication and pathogenesis. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and causes a deadly neoplastic disease. we previously demonstrated that mdv infection arrests cells in s phase and that the tegument protein vp22 plays a major role in this process. in addition, expression of vp22 induces double-strand breaks (dsbs) in the cellular dna, suggesting that dna damage and the associated cellular response might be favorable for the mdv life cycle. here, we addressed the role of d ... | 2017 | 28978699 |
| depression of vaccinal immunity to marek's disease by infection with chicken infectious anemia virus. | marek's disease (md) has been occurring with increasing frequency in chickens in recent years. to our knowledge, however, there has been no report of the very virulent plus (vv+) md virus (mdv) field isolate in china. studies have shown that dual infection with immunosuppressive viruses such as chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) occurs frequently in chickens developing md. in this study, we performed a designed set ofin vivoexperiments, which comprised five different groups of chickens, incl ... | 2017 | 29018431 |
| toll-like receptor 3 pathway restricts marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an α-herpesvirus that causes immune suppression and t lymphoma in chickens. toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) is critical for the host immune response against mdv infection. previously, our team demonstrated that pre-treatment of tlr3 agonist poly (i:c) inhibited marek's disease virus infection in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs). however, whether tlr3 inhibits the aggravation of mdv infection is unknown. in the current study, we found that tlr3 activation in mdv-infect ... | 2017 | 29050325 |
| characterization of the deubiquitination activity and substrate specificity of the chicken ubiquitin-specific protease 1/usp associated factor 1 complex. | deubiquitinases (dubs) are essential regulators of intracellular processes involving ubiquitin (ub) modification. the human dub ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (husp1) interacts with human usp-associated factor 1 (huaf1), and helps to regulate processes such as dna damage repair. previously, we identified a chicken usp1 homologue (chusp1) during an investigation into the properties of marek's disease virus (mdv). however, chusp1's deubiquitination activity, interaction with chuaf1, and substrate s ... | 2017 | 29091922 |
| a phylogenomic analysis of marek's disease virus reveals independent paths to virulence in eurasia and north america. | virulence determines the impact a pathogen has on the fitness of its host, yet current understanding of the evolutionary origins and causes of virulence of many pathogens is surprisingly incomplete. here, we explore the evolution of marek's disease virus (mdv), a herpesvirus commonly afflicting chickens and rarely other avian species. the history of mdv in the 20th century represents an important case study in the evolution of virulence. the severity of mdv infection in chickens has been rising ... | 2017 | 29151863 |
| application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay in the detection of herpesvirus of turkey (fc 126 strain) from chicken samples in nigeria. | this study was designed to optimize and apply the use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) as an alternative to conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) (fc 126 strain) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated poultry in nigeria. | 2017 | 29263603 |
| association of marek's disease induced immunosuppression with activation of a novel regulatory t cells in chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens, transforms cd4+ t cells and causes deadly lymphomas. in addition, mdv induces immunosuppression early during infection by inducing cell death of the infected lymphocytes, and potentially due to activation of regulatory t (treg)-cells. furthermore, immunosuppression also occurs during the transformation phase of the disease; however, it is still unknown how the disease can suppress immune response prior or after lymphoma fo ... | 2017 | 29267390 |
| monitoring the uptake of live avian vaccines by their detection in feathers. | protection against diseases caused by the avian viruses, marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, chicken anemia and turkey meningoencephalitis is achieved by live vaccines. the application quality is important to assure proper uptake in commercial flocks. we describe a novel evaluation method for the vaccination process by sequential monitoring the vaccine viruses in feathers. feather collection is easy, non-invasive and non-lethal for the birds, therefore advantageous for monitoring purp ... | 2018 | 29287680 |
| epstein-barr virus-encoded rnas (ebers) complement the loss of herpesvirus telomerase rna (vtr) in virus-induced tumor formation. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes fatal lymphomas in chickens and is used as a natural virus-host model for herpesvirus-induced tumorigenesis. mdv encodes a telomerase rna subunit (vtr) that is crucial for efficient mdv-induced lymphoma formation; however, the mechanism is not completely understood. similarly, epstein barr-virus (ebv) encodes two rnas (eber-1 and eber-2) that are highly expressed in ebv-induced tumor cells, however their role in tumorigenesis remains ... | 2018 | 29317752 |
| identification of the receptor and cellular ortholog of the marek's disease virus (mdv) cxc chemokine. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a cell associatedalphaherpesvirusthat causes fatal lymphoma in chickens. one factor that plays a crucial role in mdv pathogenesis is the viral cxc chemokine vil-8 that was originally named after chicken interleukin 8 (cil-8). however, a recent study demonstrated that vil-8 recruits b cells and a subset of t cells but not neutrophils, suggesting that vil-8 is not a cil-8 orthologue. in this study, we set to identify the cellular orthologues and receptor of vil-8 usi ... | 2017 | 29326678 |
| modeling marek's disease virus transmission: a framework for evaluating the impact of farming practices and evolution. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a pathogen of chickens whose control has twice been undermined by pathogen evolution. disease ecology is believed to be the main driver of this evolution, yet mathematical models of mdv disease ecology have never been confronted with data to test their reliability. here, we develop a suite of mdv models that differ in the ecological mechanisms they include. we fit these models with maximum likelihood using iterated filtering in 'pomp' to data on mdv concentration i ... | 2018 | 29366873 |
| attenuation of a very virulent marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv) by codon pair bias deoptimization. | codon pair bias deoptimization (cpbd) has enabled highly efficient and rapid attenuation of rna viruses. the technique relies on recoding of viral genes by increasing the number of codon pairs that are statistically underrepresented in protein coding genes of the viral host without changing the amino acid sequence of the encoded proteins. utilization of naturally underrepresented codon pairs reduces protein production of recoded genes and directly causes virus attenuation. as a result, the mutan ... | 2018 | 29377958 |
| phylogenetic and molecular epidemiological studies reveal evidence of recombination among marek's disease viruses. | marek's disease has brought enormous loss in chicken production worldwide and the increasing virulence of marek's disease virus (mdv) became a severe problem. to better understand the genetic basis underlying, a chinese mdv strain hngs101 isolated from immunized chickens was sequenced. phylogenetic analysis implied that hngs101 showed more relatedness to eurasian strains than gahv-2 circulating in north america. recombination networks analysis showed the evidence of recombination among mdv strai ... | 2018 | 29407378 |
| attenuation of marek's disease virus by codon pair deoptimization of a core gene. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus of gallus gallus, the domesticated chicken. control strategies rely upon vaccination with live attenuated viruses of antigenically similar avian herpesviruses or attenuated strains of mdv. recent studies in other viruses have shown that recoding certain viral genes to employ synonymous but rarely-used codon pairs resulted in viral attenuation. we deoptimized two mdv proteins, ul54/icp27 and ul49/vp22, and demonstrate that the more seve ... | 2018 | 29407380 |
| chicken anaemia virus evades host immune responses in transformed lymphocytes. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a lymphotropic virus that causes anaemia and immunosuppression in chickens. previously, we proposed that cav evades host antiviral responses in vivo by disrupting t-cell signalling, but the precise cellular targets and modes of action remain elusive. in this study, we examined gene expression in marek's disease virus-transformed chicken t-cell line msb-1 after infection with cav using both a custom 5k immune-focused microarray and quantitative real-time pcr at 24, ... | 2018 | 29458670 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of four immunosuppressive viruses in chicken. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) methods to detect chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and marek's disease virus (mdv), and a reverse transcription (rt)-lamp assay to detect infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), were developed. the ciav-lamp, rev-lamp, mdv-lamp, and ibdv-rt-lamp methods were performed using four sets of six primers targeting the vp1 gene of ciav, the gp90 gene of rev, the meq gene of mdv, and the vp2 gene of ibdv. the results ... | 2018 | 29476761 |
| reduction of marek's disease virus infection by toll-like receptor ligands in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. | evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (tlrs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that are present in microbes. pamps induce several pathways downstream of tlrs that lead to induction of antiviral responses. the objective of this study was to investigate the stimulatory effect of various pamps (in the form of tlr ligands) in reducing marek's disease virus (mdv) infection in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (cefs). to this end, ce ... | 2018 | 29570417 |
| atrophy of primary lymphoid organs induced by marek's disease virus during early infection is associated with increased apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation and a severe b-lymphopenia. | marek's disease is a multi-faceted highly contagious disease affecting chickens caused by the marek's disease alphaherpesvirus (mdv). mdv early infection induces a transient immunosuppression, which is associated with thymus and bursa of fabricius atrophy. little is known about the cellular processes involved in primary lymphoid organ atrophy. here, by in situ tunel assay, we demonstrate that mdv infection results in a high level of apoptosis in the thymus and bursa of fabricius, which is concom ... | 2018 | 29587836 |
| first molecular detection and characterization of marek's disease virus in red-crowned cranes (grus japonensis): a case report. | marek's disease virus (mdv) resides in the genus mardivirus in the family herpesviridae. mdv is a highly contagious virus that can cause neurological lesions, lymphocytic proliferation, immune suppression, and death in avian species, including galliformes (chickens, quails, partridges, and pheasants), strigiformes (owls), anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans), and falconiformes (kestrels). | 2018 | 29615025 |
| development and application of a sybr green real-time pcr for detection of the emerging avian leukosis virus subgroup k. | avian leukosis virus subgroup k (alv-k) is an emerging alv tumor virus of chickens. we developed a sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the rapid and economical detection of alv-k in chicken flocks. the assay was specific for alv-k and did not cross-react with other alv subgroup or avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, or marek's disease virus. the method was 100 times more sensitive than conventional pcr and 10 times more sensitive than the enzyme-linke ... | 2018 | 29617900 |
| differential attenuation of marek's disease virus-induced tumours and late-marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphoma and a variety of non-neoplastic syndromes in chickens. furthermore, very virulent plus (vv+) mdvs induce a form of immunosuppression (late-mdv-is) that might involve both neoplastic and non-neoplastic mechanisms. the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the attenuation of mdv-induced tumours and late-mdv-is occurs simultaneously or can be dissociated. the immunosuppressive ability of three viruses derived from vv+ mdv ... | 2018 | 29767614 |
| synergistic viral replication of marek's disease virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup j is responsible for the enhanced pathogenicity in the superinfection of chickens. | superinfection of marek's disease virus (mdv) and avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) causes lethal neoplasia and death in chickens. however, whether there is synergism between the two viruses in viral replication and pathogenicity has remained elusive. in this study, we found that the superinfection of mdv and alv-j increased the viral replication of the two viruses in rna and protein level, and synergistically promoted the expression of il-10, il-6, and tgf-β in chicken embryo fibroblasts ... | 2018 | 29783672 |
| isolation and characterization of subgroup j avian leukosis virus associated with hemangioma in commercial hy-line chickens. | there was an outbreak of hemangioma associated with avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) between 2006 and 2010 in china in commercial layer chickens. recently, severe hemangiomas broke out in hy-line layer chickens on a poultry farm in 2017 where alv was eradicated earlier. six isolates of alv-j, named sdau1701-sdau1706, were characterized by virus isolation and sequence analysis of the complete proviral genomes. avian leukosis virus subgroup j was identified by an immunofluorescence assay wi ... | 2018 | 29788333 |
| application of crispr/cas9 gene editing system on mdv-1 genome for the study of gene function. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a member of alphaherpesviruses associated with marek's disease, a highly contagious neoplastic disease in chickens. complete sequencing of the viral genome and recombineering techniques using infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones of marek's disease virus genome have identified major genes that are associated with pathogenicity. recent advances in crispr/cas9-based gene editing have given opportunities for precise editing of the viral genome for id ... | 2018 | 29794970 |
| gga-mir-130b-3p inhibits msb1 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and its downregulation in md tumor is attributed to hypermethylation. | marek's disease is an oncogenic and lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus. hypermethylation or hypomethylation of cpg islands in gene promoter region are involved in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. in this study, we analyzed differential methylation levels of upstream region of gga-mir-130b-3p gene between marek's disease virus-infected tumorous and non-infected spleens. around the upstream 1 kb of gga-mir-130b-3p gene, two amplicons were desig ... | 2018 | 29849932 |
| in ovo administration of toll-like receptor ligands encapsulated in plga nanoparticles impede tumor development in chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | one of the economically important diseases in the poultry industry is marek's disease (md) which is caused by marek's disease virus (mdv). the use of current vaccines provides protection against clinical signs of md in chickens. however, these vaccines do not prevent the transmission of mdv to susceptible hosts, hence they may promote the development of new virulent strains of mdv. this issue persuaded us to explore alternative approaches to control md in chickens. induction of innate responses ... | 2018 | 29859800 |
| the molecular basis for host responses to marek's disease viruses integrated with different retro-viral long terminal repeat. | integration of retro-viral long terminal repeat (ltr) into the marek's disease virus (mdv) genome can occur both in co-cultivation cell cultures and naturally in dual infected chickens. it is clear that the ltr insert is associated with the pathogenicity of mdv. the objective of this study was to compare the host responses to mdv with a different retro-viral ltr insert. gene-chip containing chicken genome was employed to investigate the gene transcription profile of chicken embryo fibroblasts ce ... | 2018 | 29917138 |
| two class i genes of the chicken mhc have different functions: bf1 is recognized by nk cells while bf2 is recognized by ctls. | the function of the chicken's major histocompatibility complex (mhc or b complex) class i major (bf2) and minor (bf1) glycoproteins is compared for their expression, ability to present viral antigens to cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls), and interaction with natural killer (nk) cells. mhc-restricted ctls recognized virus antigen in the context of the bf2*21 major glycoprotein but not the bf1*21 minor glycoprotein. marek's disease virus (mdv), a large dna virus known to reduce the cell surface expre ... | 2018 | 29947944 |
| induction of the unfolded protein response (upr) during marek's disease virus (mdv) infection. | marek's disease (md) is a pathology of chickens associated with paralysis, immune suppression, and the rapid formation of t-cell lymphomas. md is caused by the herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). we examined endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress and the activation of unfolded protein response (upr) pathways during mdv infection of cells in culture and lymphocytes in vivo. mdv strains activate the upr as measured by increased mrna expression of grp78/bip with concomitant xbp1 splicing and induc ... | 2018 | 29979959 |
| marek's disease virus oncoprotein meq physically interacts with the chicken infectious anemia virus-encoded apoptotic protein apoptin. | marek's disease (md) is a neoplastic disease of poultry caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus. meq, the major mdv oncoprotein, induces neoplastic transformation of t-cells through several mechanisms, including inhibition of apoptosis. in contrast, the chicken anemia virus (cav)-encoded protein apoptin (vp3) is a powerful inducer of apoptosis of tumor cells, a property that is exploited for anticancer therapeutics. although the molecular mechanisms of selecti ... | 2018 | 29988968 |
| characterizaton of gamma delta t cells in marek's disease virus (gallid herpesvirus 2) infection of chickens. | immunity against marek's disease (md), caused by gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), in chickens is mediated by both innate and adaptive responses. the present study evaluated the effects of gahv-2 infection on distribution and frequency of γδ t cells in tissues, as well as their expression of cytokines. we found that the infected chickens had significantly higher number of γδ t cells in their spleens by 10 and 21 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and nearly 100% of these γδ t cells were cd8+ at 21 d.p.i. ... | 2018 | 30014858 |
| codon pair bias deoptimization of the major oncogene meq of a very virulent marek's disease virus. | codon pair bias deoptimization (cpbd) has been successfully used to attenuate several rna viruses. cpbd involves recoding a viral protein-coding sequence to maximize the number of codon pairs that are statistically underrepresented in the host, which presumably slows protein translation and, hence, causes virus attenuation. however, since recoding preserves the amino acid composition and codon bias, attenuated and parental viruses are antigenically identical. to determine if marek's disease viru ... | 2018 | 30113295 |
| novel protein chip for the detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by the ib virus (ibv) can cause acute damage to chickens around the world. therefore, rapid diagnosis and immune status determination are critical for controlling ibv outbreaks. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been widely used in the detection of ibv antibodies in the early infection and continuous infection of ib because they are more sensitive and quicker than other diagnostic methods. | 2018 | 30223836 |
| development of a sensitive and specific xmap assay for detection of antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis and bronchitis viruses. | a serological method to simultaneously detect antibodies against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) is imperative for the differential diagnosis and evaluation of antibodies titers after vaccination. | 2018 | 30241540 |
| the emergence of the infection of subgroup j avian leucosis virus escalated the tumour incidence in commercial yellow chickens in southern china in recent years. | a total of 81 clinical cases of suspected tumours were submitted to our laboratory from yellow chicken farms in southern china during the years 2010 through 2017. the tumour-like tissue samples were closely examined for common oncogenic avian viruses in cell culture and further analysed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). during 2010-2012, marek's disease virus (mdv) mono-infection was found to be the dominant cause of the tumour incidences (52.4%, 11/21) followed by co-infection of mdv+alvs ... | 2019 | 30248239 |
| comparison of exosomes purified via ultracentrifugation (uc) and total exosome isolation (tei) reagent from the serum of marek's disease virus (mdv)-vaccinated and tumor-bearing chickens. | extracellular vesicles (evs) is a collective term used to refer microparticles, exosomes, and apoptotic bodies produced by a variety of cells and released into interstitial spaces and bodily fluids. serum exosomes can serve as invaluable biomarkers, containing m/mirnas, lipids, and proteins, indicative of various conditions. there are currently limited studies on the characterization and mutual consensus of biomarker profiles of serum exosomes purified by different methods. here we compared the ... | 2019 | 30316797 |
| unraveling the role of b cells in the pathogenesis of an oncogenic avian herpesvirus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that causes immunosuppression, paralysis, and deadly lymphomas in chickens. in infected animals, b cells are efficiently infected and are thought to amplify the virus and transfer it to t cells. mdv subsequently establishes latency in t cells and transforms cd4+ t cells, resulting in fatal lymphomas. despite many years of research, the exact role of the different b and t cell subsets in mdv pathogenesis remains poorly understood, ... | 2018 | 30337483 |
| virus-induced immunosuppression in chickens. | a healthy immune system is a cornerstone for poultry production. any factor diminishing the immune responses will affect production parameters and increase cost. there are numerous factors, infectious and noninfectious, causing immunosuppression (is) in chickens. this paper reviews the three viral diseases that most commonly induce is or subclinical is in chickens: marek's disease virus (mdv), chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), as well as the inte ... | 2018 | 30339511 |
| the effects of in ovo administration of encapsulated toll-like receptor 21 ligand as an adjuvant with marek's disease vaccine. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is the causative agent of a lymphoproliferative disease, marek's disease (md) in chickens. md is only controlled by mass vaccination; however, immunity induced by md vaccines is unable to prevent mdv replication and transmission. the herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) vaccine is one of the most widely used md vaccines in poultry industry. vaccines can be adjuvanted with toll-like receptor ligands (tlr-ls) to enhance their efficacy. in this study, we examined whether combinin ... | 2018 | 30401976 |
| a double recombinant herpes virus of turkeys for the protection of chickens against newcastle, infectious laryngotracheitis and marek's diseases. | a double recombinant strain of herpes virus of turkeys (hvt) was constructed that contains the fusion (f) gene from newcastle disease virus (ndv) and the gd plus gi genes from infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) inserted into a non-essential region of the hvt genome. expression of the f protein was controlled by a human cytomegalovirus promoter, whereas expression of gd plus gi was driven by an iltv promoter. the double recombinant vaccine virus (hvt-ndv-ilt) was fully stable genetically a ... | 2019 | 30404540 |
| marek's disease virus activates the pi3k/akt pathway through interaction of its protein meq with the p85 subunit of pi3k to promote viral replication. | it is known that viruses can active the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt signaling pathway in host cells to support cell survival and viral replication; however, the role of pi3k/akt signaling in the pathogenic mechanisms induced by marek's disease virus (mdv) which causes a neoplastic marek's disease in poultry, remains unknown. in this study, we showed that mdv activated the pi3k/akt pathway in chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) at the early phase of infection, whereas treatment with a ... | 2018 | 30405592 |
| a multiplex xtag assay for the simultaneous detection of five chicken immunosuppressive viruses. | chicken anemia virus (cav), avian reovirus (arv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) all cause immunosuppressive disease in birds through vertical or horizontal transmission. mixed infections with these immunosuppressive pathogens lead to atypical clinical signs and obstruct accurate diagnoses and epidemiological investigations. therefore, it is essential to develop a high-throughput assay for the simultaneous detection of th ... | 2018 | 30442149 |
| transcripts of antibacterial peptides in chicken erythrocytes infected with marek's disease virus. | chicken erythrocytes are involved in immunity through binding of toll-like receptors (tlrs) with their ligands to activate downstream signaling and lead to cytokine production in erythrocytes. some avian β-defensins (avbds) are constitutively expressed in tissues and some others can be induced by various bacteria and viruses. however, the expression of avbds in erythrocytes has not yet been studied extensively. | 2018 | 30463541 |
| establishment of xmap for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus. | using luminex xmap (x = analyte, map = multi-analyte profiling) technology, a serological method for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to newcastle disease virus (ndv) and avian influenza virus (aiv) was established. nano-magnetic beads coated with purified ndv protein and aiv nucleoprotein were incubated with serum samples. using biotinylated rabbit anti-chicken igy and streptavidin-r-phycoerythrin, the optical signals measured by a luminex 200 detection system indicated the quantificati ... | 2019 | 30476286 |
| suspension culture of marek's disease virus and evaluation of its immunological effects. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a cell-associated α-herpesvirus of chickens. it is difficult to grow mdv in suspension culture. therefore, mdv vaccines are currently produced using adherent primary chicken embryo fibroblasts, and on a large scale this is labour-intensive and costly. in this study, the cvi988 strain of mdv was inoculated into chicken fibroblast cell line umnsah/df-1 (df-1) cultured by microcarrier suspension for the proliferation experiment. moreover, the effects of culture condit ... | 2019 | 30518239 |
| inhibition of dna-sensing pathway by marek's disease virus vp23 protein through suppression of interferon regulatory factor 7 activation. | the type i interferon (ifn) response is the first line of host innate immune defense against viral infection; however, viruses have developed multiple strategies to antagonize host ifn responses for efficient infection and replication. here, we report that marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic herpesvirus, encodes vp23 protein as a novel immune modulator to block the beta interferon (ifn-β) activation induced by cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cgas) and stimulator of interferon genes (sting) in chi ... | 2019 | 30518647 |
| chicken endothelial cells are highly responsive to viral innate immune stimuli and are susceptible to infections with various avian pathogens. | it is well established that the endothelium plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases in mammals. however, little is known about the role of endothelial cells (ec) as targets for avian pathogens and their contribution to the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in galliform birds. first, we explored the innate immune response of primary chicken aortic endothelial cells (pchaec), obtained from 18-day-old embryos, to stimulation with pathogen-associated molecular pat ... | 2019 | 30556415 |
| vaccination and host marek's disease-resistance genotype significantly reduce oncogenic gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 telomere integration in host birds. | marek's disease (md) is an infectious disease characterized by lymphomas and high mortality in susceptible chickens. the causative and ubiquitous alpha-herpesvirus known as md virus (mdv) integrates into host telomeres during early infection through latency, known to be an important phase for oncogenic transformation. herein, we sought to determine the influence of vaccination and host genetics on the temporal dynamics of mdv-host genome interactions. we studied integration profiles using 2 md v ... | 2018 | 30572327 |
| clonal anergy of cd117+chb6+ b cell progenitors induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup j is associated with immunological tolerance. | the pathogenesis of immunological tolerance caused by avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), an oncogenic retrovirus, is largely unknown. | 2019 | 30602379 |
| imaging mass spectrometry and proteome analysis of marek's disease virus-induced tumors. | the highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv) causes immense economic losses in the poultry industry. mdv induces a variety of symptoms in infected chickens, including neurological disorders and immunosuppression. most notably, mdv induces transformation of lymphocytes, leading to t cell lymphomas in visceral organs with a mortality of up to 100%. while several factors involved in mdv tumorigenesis have been identified, the transformation process and tumor composition remain ... | 2019 | 30651403 |
| macrophages from susceptible and resistant chicken lines have different transcriptomes following marek's disease virus infection. | despite successful control by vaccination, marek's disease (md) has continued evolving to greater virulence over recent years. to control md, selection and breeding of md-resistant chickens might be a suitable option. mhc-congenic inbred chicken lines, 6₁ and 7₂, are highly resistant and susceptible to md, respectively, but the cellular and genetic basis for these phenotypes is unknown. marek's disease virus (mdv) infects macrophages, b-cells, and activated t-cells in vivo. this study investigat ... | 2019 | 30678299 |
| the role of marek's disease virus ul12 and ul29 in dna recombination and the virus lifecycle. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and integrates its genome into the telomeres of latently infected cells. mdv encodes two proteins, ul12 and ul29 (icp8), that are conserved among herpesviruses and could facilitate virus integration. the orthologues of ul12 and ul29 in herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) possess exonuclease and single strand dna-binding activity, respectively, and facilitate dna recombination; however, the role of both proteins in the ... | 2019 | 30696089 |
| capacity of the meq-deleted strain marek's virus sc9-1 to acquire the meq gene by natural recombination. | we wished to explore the ability of the meq-deleted marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccine strain sc9-1 to acquire the meq gene from the mdv wild strain md5 by recombination. chicken embryo fibroblast cells (cefs) were co-infected with the sc9-1 vaccine virus and md5 virus, passaged to third generation, and viral dna was extracted from a single plaque in the cell culture. specific pathogen-free chickens pre-immunized with the sc9-1 vaccine virus were infected with the md5 virus. viruses were isolat ... | 2017 | 30702827 |
| impact of hvt vaccination on splenic mirna expression in marek's disease virus infections. | marek's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus. similar to other herpesviruses, marek's disease virus (mdv) encodes its own small non-coding regulatory rnas termed micrornas (mirnas). we previously found that the expression profile of these viral mirnas is affected by vaccination with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt). to further characterize mirna-mediated gene regulation in mdv infections, in the current study we examine the impact of hvt vaccination on ... | 2019 | 30764490 |
| comparison of the transcriptomes and proteomes of serum exosomes from marek's disease virus-vaccinated and protected and lymphoma-bearing chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is the causative agent of marek's disease (md), a complex pathology of chickens characterized by paralysis, immunosuppression, and t-cell lymphomagenesis. md is controlled in poultry production via vaccines administered in ovo or at hatch, and these confer protection against lymphoma formation, but not superinfection by mdv field strains. despite vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, mechanisms eliciting systemic protection remain unclear. here w ... | 2019 | 30764491 |
| marek's disease virus disables the atr-chk1 pathway by activating stat3. | oncogenic virus replication often leads to genomic instability, causing dna damage and inducing the dna damage response (ddr) pathway. the ddr pathway is a cellular pathway that senses dna damage and regulates the cell cycle to maintain genomic stability. therefore, the ddr pathway is critical for the viral lifecycle and tumorigenesis. marek's disease virus (mdv), an alphaherpesvirus that causes lymphoma in chickens, has been shown to induce dna damage in infected cells. however, the interaction ... | 2019 | 30787154 |
| molecular characterization of the meq gene of marek's disease viruses detected in unvaccinated backyard chickens reveals the circulation of low- and high-virulence strains. | marek's disease (md) is an important lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, caused by gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2). outbreaks are commonly reported in commercial flocks, but also in backyard chickens. whereas the molecular characteristics of gahv-2 strains from the commercial poultry sector have been reported, no recent data are available for the rural sector. to fill this gap, 19 gahv-2 strains detected in 19 italian backyard chicken flocks during suspected md outbreaks were molecularly ... | 2019 | 30850833 |
| the transcriptional landscape of marek's disease virus in primary chicken b cells reveals novel splice variants and genes. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that infects chickens and poses a serious threat to poultry health. in infected animals, mdv efficiently replicates in b cells in various lymphoid organs. despite many years of research, the viral transcriptome in primary target cells of mdv remained unknown. in this study, we uncovered the transcriptional landscape of the very virulent rb1b strain and the attenuated cvi988/rispens vaccine strain in primary chicken b cells using high-t ... | 2019 | 30884829 |
| integrated analysis of lncrna and mrna repertoires in marek's disease infected spleens identifies genes relevant to resistance. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that can cause t-cell lymphomas in chicken. long noncoding rna (lncrna) is strongly associated with various cancers and many other diseases. in chickens, lncrnas have not been comprehensively identified. here, we profiled mrna and lncrna repertoires in three groups of spleens from mdv-infected and non-infected chickens, including seven tumorous spleens (ts) from mdv-infected chickens, five spleens from the survivors (ss) without lesions aft ... | 2019 | 30922224 |
| replication of marek's disease virus is dependent on synthesis of de novo fatty acid and prostaglandin e2. | marek's disease virus (mdv) causes deadly lymphoma and induces an imbalance of the lipid metabolism in infected chickens. here, we discovered that mdv activates the fatty acid synthesis (fas) pathway in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs). in addition, mdv-infected cells contained high levels of fatty acids and showed increased numbers of lipid droplets (lds). chemical inhibitors of the fas pathway (tofa and c75) reduced mdv titers by approximately 30-fold. addition of the downstream metab ... | 2019 | 30971474 |
| targeted editing of the pp38 gene in marek's disease virus-transformed cell lines using crispr/cas9 system. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a lymphotropic α-herpesvirus associated with t-cell lymphomas in chickens, is an excellent model for herpesvirus biology and virus-induced oncogenesis. marek's disease (md) is also one of the cancers against which a vaccine was first used. in the lymphomas and lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) derived from them, mdv establishes latent infection with limited gene expression. although lcls are valuable for interrogating viral and host gene functions, molecular determina ... | 2019 | 31027375 |
| marek's disease virus regulates the ubiquitylome of chicken cd4+ t cells to promote tumorigenesis. | ubiquitination and deubiquitination of cellular proteins are reciprocal reactions catalyzed by ubiquitination-related enzymes and deubiquitinase (dub) which regulate almost all cellular processes. marek's disease virus (mdv) encodes a viral dub that plays an important role in the mdv pathogenicity. chicken cd4+ t-cell lymphoma induced by mdv is a key contributor to multiple visceral tumors and immunosuppression of chickens with marek's disease (md). however, alterations in the ubiquitylome of md ... | 2019 | 31035338 |
| parent-of-origin has no detectable effect on survival days of marek's disease virus infected white leghorns. | marek's disease (md) is a neoplastic disease of chickens and remains as a chronic infectious disease that threatens the poultry industry. improving genetic resistance to md in poultry is an important long-term goal, which would significantly augment the current control measures against md and eventually reduce the annual economic loss. in this study, survival patterns of f2 birds from 2 reciprocal crosses were compared to examine possible difference in survival between the reciprocal crosses in ... | 2019 | 31076761 |
| marek's disease herpesvirus serotype 1 in broiler breeder and layer chickens in malaysia. | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of marek's disease (md) in five poultry farms in malaysia using postmortem examination, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2019 | 31089320 |
| identification of marek's disease virus genes associated with virulence of us strains. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is the most well-cited example of vaccine-driven virulence evolution. mdv induces a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, which is currently controlled by widespread vaccination of flocks. unfortunately, marek's disease (md) vaccines, while effective in preventing tumours, do not prevent viral replication and mutation, which has been hypothesized as the major driving force for increased mdv virulence of field strains during the past 40 years in us commercial flocks ... | 2019 | 31184569 |
| marek's disease virus-encoded microrna 155 ortholog critical for the induction of lymphomas is not essential for the proliferation of transformed cell lines. | micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas with profound regulatory roles in many areas of biology, including cancer. microrna 155 (mir-155), one of the extensively studied multifunctional mirnas, is important in several human malignancies such as diffuse large b cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. moreover, mir-155 orthologs kshv-mir-k12-11 and mdv-mir-m4, encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and marek's disease virus (mdv), respectively, are also involved in o ... | 2019 | 31189706 |
| differential expression of type i interferon mrna and protein levels induced by virulent marek's disease virus infection in chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv), an α-herpesvirus targeting avian species, causes fatal marek's disease (md) in chickens. the host interferon (ifn) responses play a key role in resisting viral infection. however, host ifn responses following mdv infection in the chicken central immune organs (thymus and bursa of fabricius), which contain numerous mdv target cells, is poorly understood. in this study, we performed animal experiments in specific pathogen-free chickens infected with two virulent mdv st ... | 2019 | 31213247 |
| marek's disease alphaherpesvirus (mdv) rlorf4 is not required for expression of glycoprotein c and interindividual spread. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a lymphotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes marek's disease (md) in chickens. rlorf4 is a mdv-specific gene that is systematically deleted during attenuation of mdv in vitro. concomitantly, the expression of glycoprotein c (gc) is diminished during attenuation, suggesting these two changes may be linked. original studies in which rlorf4 was deleted utilized an infectious clone that lacked gc expression due to a frame-shift mutation within the gc open reading frame ... | 2019 | 31226665 |
| serological survey for select infectious agents in wild magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) in argentina, 1994-2008. | despite being the most numerous penguin species in south america, exposure of the magellanic penguin (spheniscus magellanicus) to pathogens has not yet been thoroughly assessed. we collected serum from 1,058 magellanic penguins at 10 breeding colonies along the entire latitudinal range of this species in argentina. the work spanned 10 breeding seasons over 15 yr (1994-2008). sera were tested for antibodies to select infectious agents. antibodies reacting against 16 pathogens were detected (serop ... | 2020 | 31237822 |
| marek's disease virus rlorf4 inhibits type i interferon production by antagonizing nf-κb activation. | marek's disease virus (mdv), which causes t cell lymphomas in chickens, is economically important and has contributed to knowledge of herpesvirus-associated oncogenicity. the dna-sensing pathway induces innate immune responses against dna virus infection, and nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) signaling is critical for the establishment of innate immunity. here, we report that rlorf4, an mdv-specific protein directly involved in viral attenuation, is an inhibitor of the dna-sensing pathway. the results s ... | 2019 | 31243133 |
| marek's disease virus infection induced mitochondria changes in chickens. | mitochondria are crucial cellular organelles in eukaryotes and participate in many cell processes including immune response, growth development, and tumorigenesis. marek's disease (md), caused by an avian alpha-herpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv), is characterized with lymphomas and immunosuppression. in this research, we hypothesize that mitochondria may play roles in response to mdv infection. to test it, mitochondrial dna (mtdna) abundance and gene expression in immune organs were examine ... | 2019 | 31252692 |
| lorf9 deletion significantly eliminated lymphoid organ atrophy induced by meq-deleted very virulent marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes rapid onset of t cell lymphomas in chickens. mdv continues to break through vaccinal immunity due to the emergence of highly virulent field strains. earlier studies revealed that deletion of the meq gene from mdv results in attenuated vaccines that protect against disease when chickens are infected with highly virulent strains. however, meq-deleted viruses still retain the ability to induce lymphoid organ atrophy, wh ... | 2019 | 31282374 |
| highly virulent marek's disease virus strains affect t lymphocyte function and viability of splenocytes in commercial meat-type chickens. | in previous studies, we have demonstrated that very virulent plus marek's disease viruses (vv+mdv) are highly immunosuppressive in commercial meat-type chickens. the specific objectives of this work were to evaluate if vv+mdv immunosuppression (mdv-is) is induced by reduction of lymphocyte responsiveness and/or viability. three experiments were conducted to (i) compare vv+mdv 686 with a partially attenuated 686-bac; (ii) compare vv+mdv strains (648a and 686) with vmdv (ga) and vvmdv (md5); and ( ... | 2019 | 31294636 |
| rna-seq analysis of viral gene expression in the skin of marek's disease virus infected chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly cell-associated oncogenic avian α-herpesvirus, is the causative agent of malignant transformation of t cells in domestic chickens. the latently infected cd4+cd8- t cells carry the virus through the blood stream and establish lymphomas in the skin, visceral organs and peripheral nerves. the feather follicle epithelium (ffe) is the only anatomical site where fully infectious enveloped virions are produced and eventually disseminated into the environment to inf ... | 2019 | 31307672 |
| biotic concerns in generating molecular diagnosis matrixes for 4 avian viruses with emphasis on marek's disease virus. | the great advance in the field of diagnosis of avian viruses is reflecting the highly sophisticated molecular assays of the human and general virology in providing highly sensitive and fast methods of diagnosis. the present review will discuss the biotic factors and the complexities that became evident with the evolution of the novel molecular diagnostic assays with emphasis on 4 avian viruses, chicken anemia, infectious laryngotracheitis, turkey meningoencephalitis, but mainly on marek's diseas ... | 2019 | 31351169 |
| natural outbreak of marek's disease in indigenous chicken and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) in jos, plateau state, nigeria. | carcasses of an indigenous adult chicken and japanese quail from different flocks were presented to a veterinary clinic for postmortem (pm) examination in 2014 in jos, plateau state, nigeria. pm observations revealed cutaneous, hepatic, and splenic tumors in the indigenous chicken. the quail carcass was emaciated with hepatic tumors. histopathology revealed severe focally extensive non-encapsulated circumscribed large nodules with pleomorphic population of cells mainly composed of lymphoplasmacy ... | 2019 | 31360655 |
| histologic findings and viral antigen distribution in natural coinfection of layer hens with subgroup j avian leukosis virus, marek's disease virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus. | we investigated the histologic findings and viral antigen distribution in 3 cases of natural coinfection of layer hens with subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j), marek's disease virus (mdv), and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) in hens. at autopsy, diseased hens were found to have hepatosplenomegaly and thickened proventriculi, with white tumor nodules in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and ovary. microscopically, most tissues had been infiltrated by neoplastic lymphocytes; the spleen, lung ... | 2019 | 31378167 |
| influence of marek's disease virus vaccines on chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-dependent-type i interferon signal transduction pathway with a highlight on their secondary impact on the immune responses post newcastle disease virus vaccination. | marek's disease virus (mdv) leads to a lytic infection of b-lymphocytes in chickens, and also latently infects t-lymphocytes. although marek's disease vaccines have been widely in use, little is known about the innate immune response of this important livestock vaccine. in this study, we tested the effect of different commercially applied marek's disease vaccines on the expression pattern of selected genes related to chicken interferon-alpha (chifn-α) (melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 ... | 2019 | 31383309 |
| marek's disease viruses circulating in commercial poultry in italy in the years 2015-2018 are closely related by their meq gene phylogeny. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease important to the poultry industry worldwide; it is caused by gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2). the virulence of gahv-2 isolates has shifted over the years from mild to virulent, very virulent and very virulent +. nowadays the disease is controlled by vaccination, but field strains of increased virulence are emerging worldwide. economic losses due to md are mostly associated with its acute form, characterized by visceral lymphomas. the prese ... | 2020 | 31411371 |
| towards a mechanistic understanding of the synergistic response induced by bivalent marek's disease vaccines to prevent lymphomas. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic α-herpesvirus. since 1970, md has been controlled by widespread vaccination; however, more effective md vaccines are needed to counter more virulent mdv strains. the bivalent vaccine combination of sb-1 and herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) strain fc126 has been widely used. nonetheless, the mechanism(s) underlying this synergistic effect has not been investigated. | 2019 | 31515142 |
| artesunate derivative tf27 inhibits replication and pathogenesis of an oncogenic avian alphaherpesvirus. | nucleoside analogues have been the cornerstone of clinical treatment of herpesvirus infections since the 1970s. however, severe side effects and emergence of drug resistant viruses raise the need for alternative treatment options. we recently investigated the broad and strong antiherpesviral activity of the optimized artesunate derivative tf27 in vitro. tf27 efficiently inhibited replication of the highly oncogenic marek's disease virus (mdv), a virus that infects chickens, causes deadly lymphom ... | 2019 | 31520682 |
| allele-specific expression of cd4+ t cells in response to marek's disease virus infection. | marek's disease (md) is a t cell lymphoma disease induced by marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly oncogenic α herpesvirus primarily affecting chickens. md is a chronic infectious disease that threatens the poultry industry. however, the mechanisms of genetic resistance for md are complex and not completely understood. in this study, to identify high-confidence candidate genes of md genetic resistance, high throughput sequencing (rna-seq) was used to obtain transcriptomic data of cd4+ t cells is ... | 2019 | 31533276 |
| avian oncogenic herpesvirus antagonizes the cgas-sting dna-sensing pathway to mediate immune evasion. | the cellular dna sensor cgmp-amp synthase (cgas) detects cytosolic viral dna via the stimulator of interferon genes (sting) to initiate innate antiviral response. herpesviruses are known to target key immune signaling pathways to persist in an immune-competent host. marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly pathogenic and oncogenic herpesvirus of chickens, can antagonize host innate immune responses to achieve persistent infection. with a functional screen, we identified five mdv proteins that block ... | 2019 | 31539404 |
| rapid detection of avian leukosis virus using a fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip assay. | we developed a rapid fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strip (fm-icts) assay for the quantitative detection of avian leukosis virus (alv). a monoclonal antibody specific for the alv major capsid protein encoded by the gag gene was coupled to label fluorescent microspheres. alv antibodies were coated on a nitrocellulose membrane to prepare a test line for sample detection. the fluorescence signals of the test and control lines can be read either visually by exposure to uv light o ... | 2019 | 31553793 |
| endogenous avian leukosis virus in combination with serotype 2 marek's disease virus significantly boosted the incidence of lymphoid leukosis-like bursal lymphomas in susceptible chickens. | in 2010, sporadic cases of avian leukosis virus (alv)-like bursal lymphoma, also known as spontaneous lymphoid leukosis (ll)-like tumors, were identified in two commercial broiler breeder flocks in the absence of exogenous alv infection. two individual alv subgroup e (alv-e) field strains, designated af227 and af229, were isolated from two different breeder farms. the role of these alv-e field isolates in development of and the potential joint impact in conjunction with a marek's disease virus ( ... | 2019 | 31554689 |
| rapid and sensitive real-time recombinase polymerase amplification for detection of marek's disease virus. | marek's disease (md) is one of the most devastating diseases of poultry. it's caused by the highly infectious alphaherpesvirus md virus serotype 1 (mdv-1). in this study, a rapid and easy-to-use assay based on recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) was developed for mdv detection. primer-probe sets targeting the highly conserved region of meq gene were designed and applied to the rpa assay. the assay was carried out on a real-time thermostatic fluorescence detector at 39 °c for 20 min. as re ... | 2019 | 31580913 |
| a common live-attenuated avian herpesvirus vaccine expresses a very potent oncogene. | vaccines play a crucial role in the protection of animals and humans from deadly pathogens. the first vaccine that also protected against cancer was developed against the highly oncogenic herpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv). mdv infects chickens and causes severe immunosuppression, neurological signs, and fatal lymphomas, a process that requires the viral oncogene, meq the most frequently used marek's disease vaccine is the live-attenuated cvi988/rispens (cvi) strain, which efficiently prote ... | 2019 | 31597721 |
| molecular characterization of a marek's disease virus strain detected in tumour-bearing turkeys. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), which primarily affects chickens. however, the virus is also able to induce tumours in turkeys, albeit less frequently than in chickens. this study reports the molecular characterization of a gahv-2 strain detected in a flock of italian meat-type turkeys exhibiting visceral lymphomas. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the meq gene revealed that the turkey gahv-2 has molecular features of hig ... | 2020 | 31702386 |
| glutaminolysis and glycolysis are essential for optimal replication of marek's disease virus. | viruses may hijack glycolysis, glutaminolysis, or fatty acid β-oxidation of host cells to provide the energy and macromolecules required for efficient viral replication. marek's disease virus (mdv) causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens and modulates metabolism of host cells. metabolic analysis of mdv-infected chicken embryonic fibroblasts (cefs) identified elevated levels of metabolites involved in glutamine catabolism, such as glutamic acid, alanine, glycine, pyrimidine, and c ... | 2020 | 31748393 |
| detection and molecular characterization of a natural coinfection of marek's disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus in brazilian backyard chicken flock. | marek's disease virus (mdv) and the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) are two of the primary oncogenic viruses that significantly affect chickens. in brazil, there have been no previous published reports on the presence of field rev alone or in coinfection. this retrospective study analyzes samples from a case of lymphoproliferative lesions from a backyard chicken flock. mdv and rev were detected by pcr and classified as mdv1 and rev3, respectively, through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis b ... | 2019 | 31756886 |
| marek's disease virus infection of natural killer cells. | natural killer (nk) cells are key players in the innate immune response. they kill virus-infected cells and are crucial for the induction of adaptive immune responses. marek's disease virus (mdv) is a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus that causes deadly t cell lymphomas in chickens. host resistance to mdv is associated with differences in nk cell responses; however, the exact role of nk cells in the control of mdv remains unknown. in this study, we assessed if mdv can infect nk cells and alter ... | 2019 | 31757008 |
| ifnα and ifnγ impede marek's disease progression. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes marek's disease, a malignant lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens. while mdv vaccines protect animals from clinical disease, they do not provide sterilizing immunity and allow field strains to circulate and evolve in vaccinated flocks. therefore, there is a need for improved vaccines and for a better understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses against mdv infections. interferons (ifns) play important roles in th ... | 2019 | 31795203 |
| linc-galmd1 regulates viral gene expression in the chicken. | a rapidly increasing number of reports on dysregulated long intergenic non-coding rna (lincrna) expression across numerous types of cancers indicates that aberrant lincrna expression may be a major contributor to tumorigenesis. marek's disease (md) is a t cell lymphoma of chickens induced by marek's disease virus (mdv). although we have investigated the roles of lincrnas in bursa tissue of mdv-infected chickens in previous studies, the molecular mechanisms of lincrna functions in t cells remain ... | 2019 | 31798630 |