Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| closing the door on flaviviruses: entry as a target for antiviral drug design. | with the emergence and rapid spread of west nile virus in the united states since 1999, and the 50-100 million infections per year caused by dengue virus globally, the threat of flaviviruses as re-emerging human pathogens has become a reality. to support the efforts that are currently being pursued to develop effective vaccines against these viruses, researchers are also actively pursuing the development of small molecule compounds that target various aspects of the virus life cycle. recent adva ... | 2008 | 18585795 |
| evaluation of st. louis encephalitis virus/dengue virus type 4 antigenic chimeric viruses in mice and rhesus monkeys. | to develop a live attenuated virus vaccine against st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus, two antigenic chimeric viruses were generated by replacing the membrane precursor and envelope protein genes of dengue virus type 4 (den4) with those from sle with or without a 30 nucleotide deletion in the den4 3' untranslated region of the chimeric genome. chimeric viruses were compared with parental wild-type sle for level of neurovirulence and neuroinvasiveness in mice and for safety, immunogenicity, and p ... | 2008 | 18586359 |
| [imported fever due to chikungunya virus]. | imported diseases pose a diagnostic challenge for the physician, epidemiologists, and the local health care authorities, implying a risk for the community in some cases. | 2008 | 18588816 |
| outbreak of dengue and chikungunya fevers, toamasina, madagascar, 2006. | an outbreak of dengue-like syndrome occurred in toamasina from january through march 2006. dengue type l or chikungunya viruses were detected in 38 of 55 patients sampled. aedes albopictus was the only potential vector collected. of 4,242 randomly selected representative residents interviewed retrospectively, 67.5% reported a dengue-like syndrome during this period. | 2008 | 18598641 |
| mouse models of dengue virus infection and disease. | dengue virus (denv) causes the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in the world in terms of illness, death, and economic cost, due to the lack of an approved vaccine or antiviral. infections with one of the four serotypes of denv (denv1-4) can result in diseases ranging from an acute, self-limiting febrile illness (dengue fever, df) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) or dengue shock syndrome (dss), yet exactly how viral and host factors contribute to the severe disease ... | 2008 | 18619493 |
| density-dependent competitive suppression of sylvatic dengue virus by endemic dengue virus in cultured mosquito cells. | mosquito-borne dengue viruses are maintained in two discrete transmission cycles: a sylvatic cycle between nonhuman primates and sylvatic aedes mosquitoes, and an endemic cycle between humans and peridomestic aedes (primarily ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus). most sylvatic strains are genetically distinct from endemic strains, and human infections with sylvatic strains have been detected only rarely. interestingly, sylvatic strains replicate as well as endemic strains in ae. aegypti and experimen ... | 2008 | 18620509 |
| potential vectors of rift valley fever virus in the mediterranean region. | we evaluated the ability of three mosquito species (aedes caspius, aedes detritus, culex pipiens), collected in southern france and tunisia, and of different laboratory-established colonies (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes vexans, anopheles gambiae, culex pipiens, culex quinquefasciatus) to disseminate two strains of rift valley fever virus (rvfv), the virulent zh548 and the avirulent clone 13. after feeding on an infectious blood meal at 10(8.5) plaque-forming units/ml, females were main ... | 2008 | 18620510 |
| "oryctes" virus replication: electron microscopic observations on infected moth and mosquito cells. | "oryctes" virus replicates efficiently in continuous moth (spodoptera frugiperda) and mosquito (aedes albopictus) cell cultures. progeny virus was detected by bioassay and electron microscopy 15 hr after infection in both cell cultures. s. frugiperda cells permitted replication morphologically similar to that observed in vivo occurring in the cell nucleus. a. albopictus cells permitted replication of the virus solely in the cytoplasm. | 1976 | 18621357 |
| standardization of a colorimetric method to quantify growth and metabolic activity of wolbachia-infected mosquito cells. | the aedes albopictus aa23 cell line, which is persistently infected with wolbachia pipientis strain walbb, tends to grow as aggregated clusters of cells that are difficult to disperse for conventional quantification based on cell number. we used a. albopictus c7-10 cells to validate conversion of methylthiazole tetrazolium (mtt) to a colored formazan product with respect to incubation time, cell number over a 40-fold range, and metabolic activity as cells enter stationary phase. using this assay ... | 2008 | 18622662 |
| a dengue receptor as possible genetic marker of vector competence in aedes aegypti. | vector competence refers to the intrinsic permissiveness of an arthropod vector for infection, replication and transmission of a virus. notwithstanding studies of quantitative trait loci (qtl) that influence the ability of aedes aegypti midgut (mg) to become infected with dengue virus (denv), no study to date has been undertaken to identify genetic markers of vector competence. furthermore, it is known that mosquito populations differ greatly in their susceptibility to flaviviruses. differences ... | 2008 | 18625079 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of the bag-shelter moth ochrogaster lunifer (lepidoptera, notodontidae). | knowledge of animal mitochondrial genomes is very important to understand their molecular evolution as well as for phylogenetic and population genetic studies. the lepidoptera encompasses more than 160,000 described species and is one of the largest insect orders. to date only nine lepidopteran mitochondrial dnas have been fully and two others partly sequenced. furthermore the taxon sampling is very scant. thus advance of lepidopteran mitogenomics deeply requires new genomes derived from a broad ... | 2008 | 18627592 |
| introduction of aedes albopictus in gabon: what consequences for dengue and chikungunya transmission? | the 2007 outbreak of chikungunya in gabon has indicated the potential of this disease to spread beyond its usual range ensuing from the expansion of the mosquito aedes albopictus. a few cases of dengue (den) infection were also detected. because little is known about the potential for gabonese mosquito species to transmit both chikungunya and den viruses (denv), we conducted studies to determine the susceptibility of ae. albopictus and aedes aegypti collected in libreville to both viruses by exp ... | 2008 | 18631309 |
| differential cholesterol binding by class ii fusion proteins determines membrane fusion properties. | the class ii fusion proteins of the alphaviruses and flaviviruses mediate virus infection by driving the fusion of the virus membrane with that of the cell. these fusion proteins are triggered by low ph, and their structures are strikingly similar in both the prefusion dimer and the postfusion homotrimer conformations. here we have compared cholesterol interactions during membrane fusion by these two groups of viruses. using cholesterol-depleted insect cells, we showed that fusion and infection ... | 2008 | 18632857 |
| a226v mutation in virus during the 2007 chikungunya outbreak in kerala, india. | kerala state in india was gripped by a renewed and widespread outbreak of chikungunya virus (chikv) infection during 2007. here, we report the a226v mutation in the glycoprotein envelope 1 (e1) gene of the virus among isolates collected from the three worst-affected districts of the state during this outbreak. this mutation had already been suggested to be directly responsible for a significant increase in chikv infectivity in aedes albopictus. the badly affected districts in kerala state during ... | 2008 | 18632966 |
| attempts to obtain oryctes baculovirus replication in three insect cell cultures. | attempts were made to obtain oryctes baculovirus replication in three insect cell cultures. the cell cultures were derived from the dynastine beetle heteronychus arator, the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda, and the mosquito aedes albopictus. the criteria for virus replication were synthesis of virus-specific dna and presence of virus particles within cells. infection occurred in h. arator cells but not in s. frugiperda cells. when a. albopictus cells were inoculated with high concentrations ... | 1981 | 18635075 |
| gynandromorphs in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from valle del cauca, colombia. | gynandromorphs of culex nigripalpus theobald (2), cx. pedroi sirivanakarn and belkin (1) and aedes albopictus (skuse) (2) are described. two individuals of the latter species were reared in the laboratory, while the remaining three specimens were wild-caught with different traps in rural areas in valle del cauca department, southwestern colombia. all of the individuals were mounted on microscopic slides with canada balsam. from each mosquito, main morphological characteristics are described and ... | 2008 | 18641900 |
| sv(lm21), a mutant of sindbis virus able to grow in aedes albopictus cells in the absence of methionine, shows increased sensitivity to s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors such as neplanocin a. | inhibition of s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase by compounds such as neplanocin a (npa) leads to the build-up of adohcy and the inhibition of methyltransferase enzymes. whether assayed by efficiency of plaquing or virus yield, svlm21, a mutant of sindbis virus resistant to methionine deprivation, was more sensitive to npa than was the standard virus (svstd) from which it was derived. for example, whereas 10 microg npa/ml depressed the yield of svlm21 by more than 30-fold, the yield of sv ... | 1988 | 18644581 |
| north american encephalitic arboviruses. | arboviruses continue to be a major cause of encephalitis in north america, and west nile virus neuroinvasive disease is now the dominant cause of encephalitis. transmission to humans of north american arboviruses occurs by infected mosquitoes or ticks. most infections are asymptomatic or produce a flulike illness. rapid serum or cerebrospinal fluid igm antibody capture elisa assays are available to diagnosis the acute infection for all north american arboviruses. unfortunately, no antiviral drug ... | 2008 | 18657724 |
| oviposition responses of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to certain fatty acid esters. | laboratory studies were carried out to observe the oviposition responses of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) to several c21 fatty acid esters. the oviposition activity of these dengue and chikungunya vectors to the long-chain fatty acid esters of c21 length have not been reported earlier. from the multiple choice experiments on oviposition activity in standard mosquito cages, it was observed that compounds hexadecyl pentanoate, tetradecyl heptanoate and tridecyl octanoate presente ... | 2008 | 18661154 |
| estimating chikungunya prevalence in la réunion island outbreak by serosurveys: two methods for two critical times of the epidemic. | chikungunya virus (chikv) caused a major two-wave seventeen-month-long outbreak in la réunion island in 2005-2006. the aim of this study was to refine clinical estimates provided by a regional surveillance-system using a two-stage serological assessment as gold standard. | 2008 | 18662384 |
| preference of female mosquitoes for natural and artificial resting sites. | at a wetland study site in tuskegee national forest, al, resting female mosquitoes were collected from natural and artificial resting sites to identify species-specific resting sites and to evaluate various artificial resting sites for their utility in collecting resting mosquitoes. natural resting sites included small tree cavities, large tree cavities, and understory vegetation. artificial resting sites included resting boxes, fiber pots, and plastic trash cans. we collected 12,888 female mosq ... | 2008 | 18666530 |
| comparison of infusions of commercially available garden products for collection of container-breeding mosquitoes. | in 2004, gravid-trap infusions made from commercially available garden products were compared in field assays to determine their attractiveness to ovipositing female mosquitoes. experiments were conducted simultaneously at a residential site and at an auto salvage yard in lee county, al, each site having an abundance of container-breeding mosquitoes. several infusion types were initially screened, from which the following 4 infusions were selected to be compared using gravid traps for their attr ... | 2008 | 18666531 |
| field comparison of novel and gold standard traps for collecting aedes albopictus in northern virginia. | aedes albopictus is a potential west nile virus bridge vector in northern virginia; however, information regarding its virus transmission dynamics is limited, as this species is not readily collected in existing traps. this study used 5 replicates of a 5 x 5 latin square to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of 2 novel host-seeking mosquito traps (the bg-sentinel and the collapsible mosquito trap (cmt-20) in collecting ae. albopictus, relative to a carbon dioxide (co2)-baited centers for ... | 2008 | 18666532 |
| residual effectiveness of three pyrethroids on vegetation against adult aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus in screened field cages. | the residual effectiveness of pyrethroid-treated vegetation as a barrier against female host-seeking aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus was evaluated in large screened-cage field tests for 12 wk. individual potted southern wax myrtle (myrica cerifera l.) plants were treated with either beta-cyfluthrin (tempo sc ultra), lambda-cyhalothrin (demand cs), or tau-fluvalinate (mavrik perimeter) at maximum label rates. suction mosquito traps (mmx) baited with carbon dioxide placed near plants t ... | 2008 | 18666535 |
| insecticidal activity of valeriana jatamansi (valerianaceae) against mosquitoes. | a root extract of valeriana jatamansi (code bal-o) exhibited larvicidal and adulticidal activity against different mosquito species. the median lethal concentration (lc50) of bal-o against larvae of anopheles stephensi, anopheles culicifacies, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus were 68.1, 42.8, 51.2, 53.8, and 80.6 mg/liter, respectively. the lc50 and the 90% lethal concentration against adult an. stephensi, an. culicifacies, ae. aegypti, ae. albopictus, and cx. quinquef ... | 2008 | 18666542 |
| light-emitting diode technology improves insect trapping. | in a climate of increased funding for vaccines, chemotherapy, and prevention of vector-borne diseases, fewer resources have been directed toward improving disease and vector surveillance. recently developed light-emitting diode (led) technology was applied to standard insect-vector traps to produce a more effective lighting system. this approach improved phlebotomine sand fly capture rates by 50%, and simultaneously reduced the energy consumption by 50-60%. the leds were incorporated into 2 ligh ... | 0 | 18666546 |
| the capsid-coding region hairpin element (chp) is a critical determinant of dengue virus and west nile virus rna synthesis. | dengue virus (denv) and west nile virus (wnv) are members of the flavivirus genus of positive-strand rna viruses. rna sequences and structures, primarily in the untranslated regions, have been shown to modulate flaviviral gene expression and genome replication. previously, we demonstrated that a structure in the denv coding region (chp) enhances translation start codon selection and is required for viral replication. here we further characterize the role of the chp in the denv life cycle. we dem ... | 2008 | 18676000 |
| two imported chikungunya cases, taiwan. | 2008 | 18680674 | |
| different types of nsp3-containing protein complexes in sindbis virus-infected cells. | alphaviruses represent a serious public health threat and cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from severe encephalitis, which can result in death or neurological sequelae, to mild infection, characterized by fever, skin rashes, and arthritis. in the infected cells, alphaviruses express only four nonstructural proteins, which function in the synthesis of virus-specific rnas and in modification of the intracellular environment. the results of our study suggest that sindbis virus (sinv) infec ... | 2008 | 18684830 |
| cloning and characterization of myosin regulatory light chain (mrlc) gene from culex pipiens pallens. | myosin regulatory light chain (mrlc) (genbank accession no. dq140391) was cloned from culex pipiens pallens. an open reading frame (orf) of 630 bps was found to encode a putative 210 amino acids protein which shows 73% similarity with myosin regulatory light chain of gryllotalpa orientalis. real-time quantitative pcr analysis demonstrated that the transcription level of mrlc in deltamethrin-resistant strain (dr-strain) was 4.08-fold higher than in deltamethrin-susceptible strain (ds-strain) of c ... | 2008 | 18691666 |
| chimeric alphavirus vaccine candidates for chikungunya. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging alphavirus that has caused major epidemics in india and islands off the east coast of africa since 2005. importations into europe and the americas, including one that led to epidemic transmission in italy during 2007, underscore the risk of endemic establishment elsewhere. because there is no licensed human vaccine, and an attenuated investigational new drug product developed by the u.s. army causes mild arthritis in some vaccinees, we developed chimeric ... | 2008 | 18692107 |
| chikungunya epidemic outbreak in emilia-romagna (italy) during summer 2007. | during summer 2007, an outbreak due to the local transmission of chikv by aedes albopictus mosquitoes occurred moreover in italy, emilia-romagna region, in the areas of ravenna, forli-cesena, rimini and bologna cities. the original outbreak developed in castiglione di cervia and castiglione di ravenna, two small villages divided by a river. the first case was recorded on august 9th the epidemic outbreak then spread out, thus giving rise to smaller secondary outbreaks and further sporadic cases i ... | 2008 | 18693568 |
| availability of insecticidal molecules to control aedes albopictus (skuse). | following the implementation of the directive 98/8/ce a few changes in the availability of insecticidal molecules to control ae. albopictus have been outlined. available products for larvicidal treatments will predominantly be based upon two growth regulators (diflubenzuron and pyriproxyfen). for the control of the adult forms there will mostly be active ingredients belonging to the pyrethroid group. importance of surveillance for the onset of tolerance or resistance phenomena. | 2008 | 18693569 |
| blood-feeding preferences of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in urban and rural settings within the province of rome, italy. | we here report the results of field trials carried out in rome with the aim to obtain data on the feeding behaviour of aedes albopictus, in relation to different availability and abundance of putative hosts. human blood index values were found higher than 75% in urban areas, where humans represented the most abundant hosts, and lower than 60% in rural areas, where host alternative to humans were frequent. the overall results confirm the generalist feeding-behaviour shown by this species in its o ... | 2008 | 18693570 |
| decennial experience of the municipality of rome in the fight against asian tiger mosquito. | since september 1997 was detected the presence of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) in the peripheral areas of the city of rome, the environment department has put in a strategy to combat and control the spread of this insect throughout the city, collaboration with the istituto superiore di sanità (iss) to aspects of study and monitoring of the phenomenon and with the azienda municipale ambiente (ama) for actions in the urban environment. in 1998 began the first contrast campaign in th ... | 2008 | 18693571 |
| importance of aedes albopictus in veterinary medicine. | to assess the role of aedes albopictus in transmission of filarial nematodes of veterinary importance, researches were carried out in different geographical areas. in italy a first research was performed to study the susceptibility of ae. albopictus to dirofilaria repens, d. immitis and setaria labiatopapillosa. the development of l3 larvae was longer than in other species of mosquitoes but ae. albopictus could be a suitable vector of filariae. to understand the role of ae. albopictus in the nat ... | 2008 | 18693573 |
| an overview of the lesson learned in almost 20 years of fight against the "tiger" mosquito. | since its introduction in italy in 1990, aedes albopictus has spread quickly across the country, being at present reported in scattered foci in all regions below 600 m of altitude. the most important items of the lesson learned in almost 20 years of fight against the "tiger" in italy are here reported and discussed. | 2008 | 18693574 |
| aedes albopictus in rome: results and perspectives after 10 years of monitoring. | in 1997, aedes albopictus (skuse 1894) was detected in rome in two opposite areas of the city. in the following 2 years, the species quickly spread. in 2000, scattered foci of the species were reported in the whole urban area and in the outskirts of the capital city. in rome, ae. albopictus seems to have found optimal environmental conditions to proliferate and to overwinter through and without diapausing eggs. in ten years ae. albopictus has colonized the whole urban area through three phases: ... | 2008 | 18693575 |
| tiger mosquito control: new approaches to the issue in local context. | until recently, the control of mosquitoes has primarily focused on them as a nuisance due to their biting behaviour. this has now evolved into a significant health problem. to deal with this serious issue, a rational approach to vector control should be adopted, with clear, technically sound guidelines enforceable by legislation. the extensive outbreak of chikungunya in the indian ocean during 2005-6 and the subsequent outbreak in the emilia romagna region of italy in august 2007, should prompt ... | 2008 | 18693576 |
| control of the asian tiger mosquito: technical and administrative aspects. | the community legislator, through directives 2004/17/ce and 2004/18/ce, wanted dictate to the member states some "guidelines" to be used in the field of public procurement of services, in order to promote, through an inner market growth, developing appropriate operational protocols to document in the race; that, has the aim at testify the consolidated technical capacity of company which conferred the health reclamation provided by the "plans to put public health emergencies". by its nature, the ... | 2008 | 18693577 |
| a regional plan of the emilia-romagna regional bureau for aedes albopictus control--year 2008. | following the outbreak of chikungunya virus fever occurred in the summer 2007 in emila romagna (an administrative region located along the adriatic (east) coast of italy) a regional plan for aedes albopicus control has been implemented. the major items of the plan are here reported and discussed. | 2008 | 18693578 |
| analysis of the piggybac transposase reveals a functional nuclear targeting signal in the 94 c-terminal residues. | the piggybac transposable element is a popular tool for germ-line transgenesis of eukaryotes. despite this, little is known about the mechanism of transposition or the transposase (tpase) itself. a thorough understanding of just how piggybac works may lead to more effective use of this important mobile element. a psortii analysis of the tpase amino acid sequence predicts a bipartite nuclear localization signal (nls) near the c-terminus, just upstream of a putative znf (znf). | 2008 | 18694511 |
| mutational analysis of highly conserved aspartate residues essential to the catalytic core of the piggybac transposase. | the piggybac mobile element is quickly gaining popularity as a tool for the transgenesis of many eukaryotic organisms. by studying the transposase which catalyzes the movement of piggybac, we may be able to modify this vector system to make it a more effective transgenesis tool. in a previous publication, sarkar a, sim c, hong ys, hogan jr, fraser mj, robertson hm, and collins fh have proposed the presence of the widespread 'dde/ddd' motif for piggybac at amino acid positions d268, d346, and d44 ... | 2008 | 18694512 |
| the 2005 dengue epidemic in singapore: epidemiology, prevention and control. | we investigated the 2005 outbreak of dengue fever (df)/dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) to determine its epidemiological, virological and entomological features to further understand the unprecedented resurgence. | 2008 | 18695764 |
| abundance of immature anopheles and culicines (diptera: culicidae) in different water body types in the urban environment of malindi, kenya. | in this study we 1) describe the abundance of anopheles and culicine immatures in different water body types in urban malindi, kenya, 2) compare anopheles immature density in relation to culicine immature density, and 3) identify characteristics that influence the likelihood of water bodies being co-colonized by anopheles and culicines. entomological and environmental cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2001 and 2002 were used in the analysis. a total of 889 anopheles and 7,217 culicine immatur ... | 2008 | 18697313 |
| relative wolbachia density of field-collected aedes albopictus mosquitoes in thailand. | female aedes albopictus mosquitoes from natural populations of different geographical regions of thailand were collected and allowed to oviposit to determine relative wolbachia a and wolbachia b densities of their offspring (f1) by using real-time quantitative pcr (rtq-pcr). an important aspect of this work is that all aedes albopictus mosquitoes were collected from the field. twenty-seven offspring were from diverse areas of thailand (songkhla, konkaen, chantaburi, and kanchanaburi). the range ... | 2008 | 18697321 |
| conservation and variability of dengue virus proteins: implications for vaccine design. | genetic variation and rapid evolution are hallmarks of rna viruses, the result of high mutation rates in rna replication and selection of mutants that enhance viral adaptation, including the escape from host immune responses. variability is uneven across the genome because mutations resulting in a deleterious effect on viral fitness are restricted. rna viruses are thus marked by protein sites permissive to multiple mutations and sites critical to viral structure-function that are evolutionarily ... | 2008 | 18698358 |
| molecular and phylogenetic analysis of a novel family of fibrinogen-related proteins from mosquito aedes albopictus cell line. | since lectins have been proposed to function as non-self recognizing molecules, it is important to access the specificity and diversity of lectin molecules that play an important role as pattern recognition receptors (prrs). like vertebrates, several lectins containing fibrinogen-like (fbg) domains have been reported as prrs from different invertebrate species, however, in case of mosquito, very little information is available. in this study, we report identification and characterization of a no ... | 2008 | 18706867 |
| identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (cul s 1) of the biting midge culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses. | salivary proteins of culicoides biting midges are thought to play a key role in summer eczema (se), a seasonal recurrent allergic dermatitis in horses. the present study describes the identification, expression and clinical relevance of a candidate allergen of the north american midge culicoides sonorensis. immunoblot analysis of midge saliva revealed a 66 kda protein (cul s 1) that was bound by ige from several se-affected (se+) horses. further characterisation by fragmentation, mass spectromet ... | 2009 | 18708061 |
| impact of source reduction on the spatial distribution of larvae and pupae of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in suburban neighborhoods of a piedmont community in north carolina. | aedes albopictus (skuse) is a principal nuisance mosquito species and a potential arbovirus vector throughout its geographic range in the united states. this species lays eggs, and progeny complete development in water-filled containers that are discarded in suburban landscapes. source reduction of containers, achieved through environmental sanitation, was used to experimentally manipulate mosquito production to gain insight into the spatial structure of the population of immature ae. albopictus ... | 0 | 18714860 |
| interspecific larval competition between aedes albopictus and aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in northern virginia. | aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes japonicus (theobald) are two of the most recent and widespread invasive mosquito species to have become established in the united states. the two species co-occur in water-filled artificial containers, where crowding and limiting resources are likely to promote inter- or intraspecific larval competition. the performance of northern virginia populations of ae. japonicus and ae. albopictus competing as larvae under field conditions was evaluated. per capita rates ... | 0 | 18714861 |
| toll-like receptor 3 has a protective role against west nile virus infection. | protection against west nile virus (wnv) infection requires rapid viral sensing and the generation of an interferon (ifn) response. mice lacking ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf-3) show increased vulnerability to wnv infection with enhanced viral replication and blunted ifn-stimulated gene (isg) responses. irf-3 functions downstream of several viral sensors, including toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3), rig-i, and mda5. cell culture studies suggest that host recognizes wnv in part, through the cytoplasmic ... | 2008 | 18715906 |
| [anopheles (nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis larvae found in artificial breeding sites in the state of mato grosso]. | the finding of immature forms of culicid mosquitoes in water tanks at ground level is reported. anopheles argyritarsis and aedes albopictus were found in the municipality of várzea grande (mt). it is considered that these artificial containers may constitute additional locations that anophelines can use as breeding sites. | 2008 | 18719817 |
| viral paratransgenesis in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | paratransgenesis, the genetic manipulation of insect symbiotic microorganisms, is being considered as a potential method to control vector-borne diseases such as malaria. the feasibility of paratransgenic malaria control has been hampered by the lack of candidate symbiotic microorganisms for the major vector anopheles gambiae. in other systems, densonucleosis viruses (dnvs) are attractive agents for viral paratransgenesis because they infect important vector insects, can be genetically manipulat ... | 2008 | 18725926 |
| reverse and conventional chemical ecology approaches for the development of oviposition attractants for culex mosquitoes. | synthetic mosquito oviposition attractants are sorely needed for surveillance and control programs for culex species, which are major vectors of pathogens causing various human diseases, including filariasis, encephalitis, and west nile encephalomyelitis. we employed novel and conventional chemical ecology approaches to identify potential attractants, which were demonstrated in field tests to be effective for monitoring populations of cx. p. quinquefasciatus in human dwellings. immunohistochemis ... | 2008 | 18725946 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of chikungunya virus infection in mayotte, indian ocean, 2005-2006: a population-based survey. | background: since 2006, chikungunya virus (chikv) has re-emerged as an important pathogen of global concern. however, individual and household factors associated with the acquisition and the magnitude of clinically silent chikv infections remain poorly understood. in this present study, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence, estimate the proportion of symptomatic illness and identify the risk factors for chikv infection in the primo-exposed population of mayotte. methods/ principal findings ... | 2008 | 18725980 |
| cyanobacterial toxins as allelochemicals with potential applications as algaecides, herbicides and insecticides. | cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae") from marine and freshwater habitats are known to produce a diverse array of toxic or otherwise bioactive metabolites. however, the functional role of the vast majority of these compounds, particularly in terms of the physiology and ecology of the cyanobacteria that produce them, remains largely unknown. a limited number of studies have suggested that some of the compounds may have ecological roles as allelochemicals, specifically including compounds that may in ... | 2008 | 18728763 |
| strategies to reduce mortality from bacterial sepsis in adults in developing countries. | 0 | 18752342 | |
| stochastic spread of wolbachia. | wolbachia are very common, maternally transmitted endosymbionts of insects. they often spread by a mechanism termed cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) that involves reduced egg hatch when wolbachia-free ova are fertilized by sperm from wolbachia-infected males. because the progeny of wolbachia-infected females generally do not suffer ci-induced mortality, infected females are often at a reproductive advantage in polymorphic populations. deterministic models show that wolbachia that impose no costs ... | 2008 | 18755670 |
| soil-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in el paso, texas: analysis of a potential problem in the united states/mexico border region. | ultrasonic extraction followed by stir bar sorptive extraction (sbse) and thermal desorption inline coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (td/gc/ms) was used to perform a comprehensive determination of soil-borne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in el paso, texas. the method provided good sensitivity and faster processing time for the analysis. the total pahs in el paso soil ranged from 0.1 to 2225.5 microg kg(-1). although the majority of pah concentrations did not exceed ... | 2009 | 18768257 |
| eastern and venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses differ in their ability to infect dendritic cells and macrophages: impact of altered cell tropism on pathogenesis. | eastern and venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (eeev and veev, respectively) cause severe morbidity and mortality in equines and humans. like other mosquito-borne viruses, veev infects dendritic cells (dcs) and macrophages in lymphoid tissues, fueling a serum viremia and facilitating neuroinvasion. in contrast, eeev replicates poorly in lymphoid tissues, preferentially infecting osteoblasts. here, we demonstrate that infectivity of eeev for myeloid lineage cells including dcs and macrophages ... | 2008 | 18768986 |
| phosphoinositide-3 kinase-akt pathway controls cellular entry of ebola virus. | the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (pi3k) pathway regulates diverse cellular activities related to cell growth, migration, survival, and vesicular trafficking. it is known that ebola virus requires endocytosis to establish an infection. however, the cellular signals that mediate this uptake were unknown for ebola virus as well as many other viruses. here, the involvement of pi3k in ebola virus entry was studied. a novel and critical role of the pi3k signaling pathway was demonstrated in cell entry of ... | 2008 | 18769720 |
| role of the nss protein in the zoonotic capacity of orthobunyaviruses. | the family bunyaviridae contains over 350 named isolates, classified into five genera: orthobunyavirus, hantavirus, nairovirus, phlebovirus and tospovirus. the orthobunyavirus genus contains some 170 isolates that are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and are responsible for a range of disease syndromes in humans including self-limiting febrile illness, encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. the viruses have a tripartite, negative-sense rna genome. analyses of viruses in four serogroups (bunyamwera ... | 2009 | 18771514 |
| cross-species virus transmission and the emergence of new epidemic diseases. | host range is a viral property reflecting natural hosts that are infected either as part of a principal transmission cycle or, less commonly, as "spillover" infections into alternative hosts. rarely, viruses gain the ability to spread efficiently within a new host that was not previously exposed or susceptible. these transfers involve either increased exposure or the acquisition of variations that allow them to overcome barriers to infection of the new hosts. in these cases, devastating outbreak ... | 2008 | 18772285 |
| antibodies play a greater role than immune cells in heterologous protection against secondary dengue virus infection in a mouse model. | the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv1-4) are causative agents of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (dhf/dss). previous denv infection is a risk factor for dhf/dss during subsequent infection by a different serotype. nonetheless, most primary and secondary denv infections are asymptomatic. to investigate the possible mechanisms of immune protection in vivo, 129/pas mice lacking ifn-alpha/beta and -gamma receptors (ag129) were used to model secondary infection usi ... | 2008 | 18774583 |
| early b-cell activation after west nile virus infection requires alpha/beta interferon but not antigen receptor signaling. | the b-cell response against west nile virus (wnv), an encephalitic flavivirus of global concern, is critical to controlling central nervous system dissemination and neurological sequelae, including death. here, using a well-characterized mouse model of wnv infection, we examine the factors that govern early b-cell activation. subcutaneous inoculation with a low dose of replicating wnv results in extensive b-cell activation in the draining lymph node (ln) within days of infection as judged by upr ... | 2008 | 18786989 |
| dengue reborn: widespread resurgence of a resilient vector. | 0 | 18795135 | |
| impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. | while some skeptics remain unconvinced that global climate change is a reality, there is no doubt that during the past 50 years or so, patterns of emerging arbovirus diseases have changed significantly. can this be attributed to climate change? climate is a major factor in determining: (1) the geographic and temporal distribution of arthropods; (2) characteristics of arthropod life cycles; (3) dispersal patterns of associated arboviruses; (4) the evolution of arboviruses; and (5) the efficiency ... | 2009 | 18799177 |
| exploring gene-culture interactions: insights from handedness, sexual selection and niche-construction case studies. | genes and culture represent two streams of inheritance that for millions of years have flowed down the generations and interacted. genetic propensities, expressed throughout development, influence what cultural organisms learn. culturally transmitted information, expressed in behaviour and artefacts, spreads through populations, modifying selection acting back on populations. drawing on three case studies, i will illustrate how this gene-culture coevolution has played a critical role in human ev ... | 2008 | 18799415 |
| real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of rift valley fever virus. | the development and validation of a one-step, single-tube, real-time accelerated reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for the detection of the l rna segment of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) are described. the assay was performed at a constant temperature (63 degrees c), with a real-time follow-up using a lightcycler and a double-stranded-dna-intercalating fluorochrome. the assay is highly sensitive and comparable to real-time rt-pcr, with a detection limit of a ... | 2008 | 18799705 |
| absence of wolbachia endobacteria in the non-filariid nematodes angiostrongylus cantonensis and a. costaricensis. | abstract: the majority of filarial nematodes harbour wolbachia endobacteria, including the major pathogenic species in humans, onchocerca volvulus, brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. these obligate endosymbionts have never been demonstrated unequivocally in any non-filariid nematode. however, a recent report described the detection by pcr of wolbachia in the metastrongylid nematode, angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm), a leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans. to address ... | 2008 | 18801163 |
| clinical and laboratory features that distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses in endemic populations. | clinicians in resource-poor countries need to identify patients with dengue using readily-available data. the objective of this systematic review was to identify clinical and laboratory features that differentiate dengue fever (df) and/or dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) from other febrile illnesses (ofi) in dengue-endemic populations. | 2008 | 18803612 |
| larval anopheline mosquito recta exhibit a dramatic change in localization patterns of ion transport proteins in response to shifting salinity: a comparison between anopheline and culicine larvae. | mosquito larvae live in dynamic aqueous environments, which can fluctuate drastically in salinity due to environmental events such as rainfall and evaporation. larval survival depends upon the ability to regulate hemolymph osmolarity by absorbing and excreting ions. a major organ involved in ion regulation is the rectum, the last region for modification of the primary urine before excretion. the ultrastructure and function of culicine larval recta have been studied extensively; however, very lit ... | 0 | 18805805 |
| larval aquatic and terrestrial mites infesting a temperate assemblage of mosquitoes. | we collected 22,769 adult female mosquitoes, representing 27 species, from light traps in norfolk, virginia (2006-2007) and examined them to assess infestation by larval mites. mosquitoes were parasitized by two species of aquatic (acari: arrenuridae: arrenurus) and three species of terrestrial mites (acari: erythraeidae). the prevalence of infestation varied from 0.55% (2006) to 0.17% (2007). the mean intensity of parasitism ranged from 3.6 mites per host (2006) to 1.8 mites per host (2007). th ... | 2009 | 18807202 |
| semliki forest virus strongly reduces mosquito host defence signaling. | the alphavirus genus within the togaviridae family contains several important mosquito-borne arboviruses. other than the antiviral activity of rnai, relatively little is known about alphavirus interactions with insect cell defences. here we show that semliki forest virus (sfv) infection of aedes albopictus-derived u4.4 mosquito cells reduces cellular gene expression. activation prior to sfv infection of pathways involving stat/imd, but not toll signaling reduced subsequent virus gene expression ... | 2008 | 18811601 |
| an insect symbiosis is influenced by bacterium-specific polymorphisms in outer-membrane protein a. | beneficial bacterial symbioses are ubiquitous in nature. however, the functional and molecular basis of host tolerance to resident symbiotic microbes, in contrast to resistance to closely related bacteria that are recognized as foreign, remain largely unknown. we used the tsetse fly (glossina morsitans), which depends on symbiotic flora for fecundity and has limited exposure to foreign microbes, to investigate the tolerance phenomenon exhibited during symbiosis. we examined the potential role of ... | 2008 | 18815366 |
| wolbachia mediate variation of host immunocompetence. | after decades during which endosymbionts were considered as silent in their hosts, in particular concerning the immune system, recent studies have revealed the contrary. in the present paper, we addressed the effect of wolbachia, the most prevalent endosymbiont in arthropods, on host immunocompetence. to this end, we chose the a. vulgare-wolbachia symbiosis as a model system because it leads to compare consequences of two wolbachia strains (wvulc and wvulm) on hosts from the same population. mor ... | 2008 | 18818770 |
| fruit flies like a (rotten) banana. | 2008 | 18820474 | |
| hyaluronidase of bloodsucking insects and its enhancing effect on leishmania infection in mice. | salivary hyaluronidases have been described in a few bloodsucking arthropods. however, very little is known about the presence of this enzyme in various bloodsucking insects and no data are available on its effect on transmitted microorganisms. here, we studied hyaluronidase activity in thirteen bloodsucking insects belonging to four different orders. in addition, we assessed the effect of hyaluronidase coinoculation on the outcome of leishmania major infection in balb/c mice. | 2008 | 18820742 |
| novel arthropod repellent, bioud, is an efficacious alternative to deet. | for >50 yr, n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) has been the standard for arthropod repellents and has been an important tool to protect people from disease agents carried by ticks, mosquitoes, and other arthropods. however, some people avoid using deet because of concerns about adverse health effects. in 2007, a new repellent, bioud, with the active ingredient 7.75% 2-undecanone, originally derived from wild tomato (lycopersicon hirsutum dunal f. glabratum c. h. müll) plants, was registered by ... | 2008 | 18826032 |
| identification of all dengue serotypes in nepal. | 2008 | 18826846 | |
| protective and enhancing hla alleles, hla-drb1*0901 and hla-a*24, for severe forms of dengue virus infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. | dengue virus (dv) infection is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases in the tropics. recently, the severe forms, dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome (dss), have become the leading cause of death among children in southern vietnam. protective and/or pathogenic t cell immunity is supposed to be important in the pathogenesis of dhf and dss. | 2008 | 18827882 |
| virally associated arthritis 2008: clinical, epidemiologic, and pathophysiologic considerations. | several viruses have been associated with the development of inflammatory arthritis, including the hepatitis viruses (hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus), hiv, the parvovirus b19, the human t-cell lymphotropic virus-i, and the alphaviruses. here, we review the epidemiology, the pathophysiological mechanisms, the pertinent clinical and laboratory findings as well as the principles of therapy of the most common virus-associated arthritides. we believe that the knowledge of these key diagnosti ... | 2008 | 18828883 |
| differential influence of gp63-like molecules in three distinct leptomonas species on the adhesion to insect cells. | parasites belonging to the leptomonas genus have been used as model organisms for studying biochemical, cellular, and genetic processes unique to members of the trypanosomatidae family. in the present study, the cell-associated and extracellular peptidases of three leptomonas species, leptomonas collosoma, leptomonas samueli, and leptomonas wallacei, were assayed and characterized by gelatin-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. all parasites released metallopeptidases, wher ... | 2009 | 18830631 |
| host adaptation of a wolbachia strain after long-term serial passage in mosquito cell lines. | the horizontal transfer of the bacterium wolbachia pipientis between invertebrate hosts hinges on the ability of wolbachia to adapt to new intracellular environments. the experimental transfer of wolbachia between distantly related host species often results in the loss of infection, presumably due to an inability of wolbachia to adapt quickly to the new host. to examine the process of adaptation to a novel host, we transferred a life-shortening wolbachia strain, wmelpop, from the fruit fly dros ... | 2008 | 18836024 |
| wolbachia in the culex pipiens group mosquitoes: introgression and superinfection. | wolbachia bacteria in mosquitoes induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), where sperm from wolbachia-infected males can produce inviable progeny. the wpip strain in the culex pipiens group of mosquitoes produces a complexity of ci crossing types. several factors are thought to be capable of influencing the expression of ci including wolbachia strain type and host genotype. in this study, the unidirectional ci that occurs between 2 c. pipiens complex laboratory strains, col and mol, was further i ... | 2009 | 18836146 |
| ross river virus envelope glycans contribute to type i interferon production in myeloid dendritic cells. | alphaviruses are mosquito-transmitted viruses that cause significant human disease, and understanding how these pathogens successfully transition from the mosquito vector to the vertebrate host is an important area of research. previous studies demonstrated that mosquito and mammalian-cell-derived alphaviruses differentially induce type i interferons (alpha/beta interferon [ifn-alpha/beta]) in myeloid dendritic cells (mdcs), where the mosquito cell-derived virus is a poor inducer of ifn-alpha/be ... | 2008 | 18922878 |
| identification of the weevil immune genes and their expression in the bacteriome tissue. | persistent infections with mutualistic intracellular bacteria (endosymbionts) are well represented in insects and are considered to be a driving force in evolution. however, while pathogenic relationships have been well studied over the last decades very little is known about the recognition of the endosymbionts by the host immune system and the mechanism that limits their infection to the bacteria-bearing host tissue (the bacteriome). | 2008 | 18925938 |
| effects of inducing or inhibiting apoptosis on sindbis virus replication in mosquito cells. | sindbis virus (sinv) is a mosquito-borne virus in the genus alphavirus, family togaviridae. like most alphaviruses, sinvs exhibit lytic infection (apoptosis) in many mammalian cell types, but are generally thought to cause persistent infection with only moderate cytopathic effects in mosquito cells. however, there have been several reports of apoptotic-like cell death in mosquitoes infected with alphaviruses or flaviviruses. given that apoptosis has been shown to be an antiviral response in othe ... | 2008 | 18931060 |
| tracking epidemic chikungunya virus into the indian ocean from east africa. | the largest documented outbreak of chikungunya virus (chikv) disease occurred in the indian ocean islands and india during 2004-2007. the magnitude of this outbreak led to speculation that a new variant of the virus had emerged that was either more virulent or more easily transmitted by mosquito vectors. to study this assertion, it is important to know the origin of the virus and how the particular strain circulating during the outbreak is related to other known strains. this study genetically c ... | 2008 | 18931072 |
| tolerance thresholds for aedes albopictus and aedes caspius in italian urban areas. | with nuisance mosquito species, the goal of integrated pest management is to keep mosquito density below a tolerance level that is often set by economic, ecological, and political factors. this study compares actual human annoyance, as measured by a phone survey, with several measures of mosquito abundance, in order to determine a threshold that is both relevant and practical. the efficiency of co2-baited traps, container index (ci), and oviposition traps for monitoring aedes albopictus, and co2 ... | 2008 | 18939689 |
| population analysis of aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera:culicidae) under uncontrolled laboratory conditions. | a semi laboratory experiment using 3 cohorts of aedes albopictus adults was performed to obtain age-specific mortality and fecundity information and to derive statistical estimates of some population growth parameters. life expectancy was calculated for both males and females. the following population parameters were estimated: intrinsic rate of increase (rm= 0.21), net reproductive (replacement) rate (ro= 68.70), age at mean cohort reproduction (to=10.55 days), birth rate (b=0.23), death rate ( ... | 2008 | 18948882 |
| [imported cases of dengue fever diagnosed in metropolitan france, from january 2001 to december 2006]. | dengue fever is the main emerging vector-borne disease worldwide. it was estimated that 40% of the world population is at risk. a potential vector (aedes albopictus) is present in four french departments of the southeast area of metropolitan france. | 2009 | 18954951 |
| the hidden passenger of lucky bamboo: do imported aedes albopictus mosquitoes cause dengue virus transmission in the netherlands? | since 2005, aedes albopictus mosquitoes have been detected in companies in the netherlands that import ornamental plants from china. to assess the risks of dengue transmission, a study was carried out in 48 persons who are professionally exposed to these mosquitoes. no evidence for non-travel-related flavivirus infections was found. | 2009 | 18959501 |
| detection and monitoring of mosquito flaviviruses in spain between 2001 and 2005. | between the years 2001 and 2005, a total of 72,895 female mosquitoes were trapped during their season of abundance, and analyzed. they were sorted into 4,723 pools belonging to 20 culicidae species from the anopheles, aedes, ochlerotatus, culex, culiseta, coquillettidia, and uranotaenia genera. the aim was to detect arboviral rna directly from mosquito homogenates for the genera alphavirus, flavivirus, and phlebovirus. the study formed part of general arbovirus transmission research in four of t ... | 2009 | 18959502 |
| feeding mice with diets containing mercury-contaminated fish flesh from french guiana: a model for the mercurial intoxication of the wayana amerindians. | in 2005, 84% of wayana amerindians living in the upper marshes of the maroni river in french guiana presented a hair mercury concentration exceeding the limit set up by the world health organization (10 microg/g). to determine whether this mercurial contamination was harmful, mice have been fed diets prepared by incorporation of mercury-polluted fish from french guiana. | 2008 | 18959803 |
| mechanism of ns2b-mediated activation of ns3pro in dengue virus: molecular dynamics simulations and bioassays. | the ns2b cofactor is critical for proteolytic activation of the flavivirus ns3 protease. to elucidate the mechanism involved in ns2b-mediated activation of ns3 protease, molecular dynamic simulation, principal component analysis, molecular docking, mutagenesis, and bioassay studies were carried out on both the dengue virus ns3pro and ns2b-ns3pro systems. the results revealed that the ns2b-ns3pro complex is more rigid than ns3pro alone due to its robust hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction n ... | 2009 | 18971276 |
| introduction, scenarios for establishment and seasonal activity of aedes albopictus in the netherlands. | the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in the netherlands in the summer of 2005. aedes albopictus is a competent vector of several human viral diseases, and therefore the recent appearance of the vector is a concern to local public health authorities. in 2006 and 2007, the mosquito was found repeatedly and regularly at lucky bamboo import companies. to assess whether imported ae. albopictus could establish to produce subsequent generations in the following year ... | 2009 | 18973446 |
| evaluation of two counterflow traps for testing behaviour-mediating compounds for the malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.s. under semi-field conditions in tanzania. | evaluation of mosquito responses towards different trap-bait combinations in field trials is a time-consuming process that can be shortened by experiments in contained semi-field systems. possible use of the bg sentinel (bgs) trap to sample anopheles gambiae s.s. was evaluated. the efficiency of this trap was compared with that of the mosquito magnet-x (mm-x) trap, when baited with foot odour alone or combinations of foot odour with carbon dioxide (co2) or lemongrass as behaviour-modifying cues. | 2008 | 18980669 |
| size alters susceptibility of vectors to dengue virus infection and dissemination. | the size of arthropod vectors may affect their ability to transmit pathogens. here we test the hypothesis that body size alters the susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes to dengue virus (denv) infection and subsequent dissemination throughout the body of the mosquito. after feeding on blood containing known quantities of virus, smaller-sized females were significantly more likely to become infected and to disseminate virus than larger individuals. the effects of size we ... | 2008 | 18981505 |