Publications

detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in a consecutive collection of clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. the abilities of various screening methods to detect esbls in enterobacters were simultaneously tested. among the 68 consecutive isolates (56 enterobacter cloacae and 12 enterobacter aerogenes isolates) that were analyzed for beta-lactamase content, 21 (25 and 58%, respectively) possessed transferable esbls with pis of 8. ...	2000	10655342
ability of the vitek 2 advanced expert system to identify beta-lactam phenotypes in isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the advanced expert system (aes) was used in conjunction with the vitek 2 automated antimicrobial susceptibility test system to ascertain the beta-lactam phenotypes of 196 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae and the species pseudomonas aeruginosa. these isolates represented a panel of strains that had been collected from laboratories worldwide and whose beta-lactam phenotypes had been characterized by biochemical and molecular techniques. the antimicrobial susceptibility of each isolate wa ...	2000	10655347
problems related to determination of mics of oximino-type expanded-spectrum cephems for proteus vulgaris.	during in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of proteus vulgaris, we noted that the mics of several expanded-spectrum cephems were much higher in the broth microdilution method than in the agar dilution method (termed the mic gap phenomenon). here we investigated the mechanism of the mic gap phenomenon. cephems with the mic gap phenomenon were of the oximino type, such as cefotaxime, cefteram, and cefpodoxime, which serve as good substrates for inducible class a beta-lactamase (cu ...	2000	10655366
rapid diagnosis of bacteremia by universal amplification of 23s ribosomal dna followed by hybridization to an oligonucleotide array.	the rapid identification of bacteria in blood cultures and other clinical specimens is important for patient management and antimicrobial therapy. we describe a rapid (<4 h) detection and identification system that uses universal pcr primers to amplify a variable region of bacterial 23s ribosomal dna, followed by reverse hybridization of the products to a panel of oligonucleotides. this procedure was successful in discriminating a range of bacteria in pure cultures. when this procedure was appli ...	2000	10655385
rapid identification of bacteria in blood cultures by using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes.	the applicability of whole-cell hybridization for the identification of pathogenic bacteria in blood from septic patients was examined. oligonucleotide probes, fluorescently labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, directed against the variable regions of the 16s rrnas of the following bacterial species and/or genera were used: streptococcus spp., enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (cons), escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the enterobacteri ...	2000	10655390
fluorescent in situ hybridization allows rapid identification of microorganisms in blood cultures.	using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with rrna-targeted fluorescently labelled oligonucleotide probes, pathogens were rapidly detected and identified in positive blood culture bottles without cultivation and biotyping. in this study, 115 blood cultures with a positive growth index as determined by a continuous-reading automated blood culture system were examined by both conventional laboratory methods and fish. for this purpose, oligonucleotide probes that allowed identification of app ...	2000	10655393
survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in purulent clinical specimens maintained in the copan venturi transystem and becton dickinson port-a-cul transport systems.	recovery of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens maintained in the copan venturi transystem and the becton dickinson port-a-cul transport was assessed. of 54 anaerobes, 53 were recovered after 4 h, and 52 were recovered after 24 h, from both systems. after 48 h, 45 and 50 were recovered from the two systems, respectively.	2000	10655410
bacteremia caused by a strain of desulfovibrio related to the provisionally named desulfovibrio fairfieldensis.	eight isolates of desulfovibrio spp. have been obtained over 5 years from abdominal or brain abscesses or blood. seven isolates were part of a mixed flora [corrected]. one strain was isolated in pure culture from the blood of a patient with peritonitis of appendicular origin. according to the 16s rrna gene sequences, this strain was close to desulfovibrio fairfieldensis. the present report describes the fourth isolate of this recently described species to be isolated in pure culture or as a pred ...	2000	10655421
the discriminatory power of ribo-pcr compared to conventional ribotyping for epidemiological purposes.	molecular typing techniques have become increasingly important for confirmation of epidemiological relationships and delimitation of nosocomial outbreaks. the discriminatory power of the two dna-based typing methods, conventional ribotyping and ribo-pcr, was assessed to distinguish between selected strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. overall, conventional ribotyping was more discriminatory than ribo-pcr.	1999	10660137
bacterial contamination of ready-to-use 1-l feeding bottles and administration sets in severely compromised intensive care patients.	in intensive care patients, enteral feeding requires sterile feedings because of infectious complications and adequate supplements to meet nutritional needs. heretofore, prepacked, large-volume formula containers were developed, but bacterial contamination occurred in 4% to 15%. our objective was to investigate the microbial contamination rate of 1-l feeding bottles and newly designed administration sets over hanging times of 24 hrs in the intensive care unit (icu).	2000	10667501
in vitro activities of novel trans-3,5-disubstituted pyrrolidinylthio-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the in vitro activities of the novel 1beta-methylcarbapenems j-111, 225, j-114,870, and j-114,871, which have a structurally unique side chain that consists of a trans-3,5-disubstituted 5-arylpyrrolidin-3-ylthio moiety at the c-2 position, were compared with those of reference antibiotics. among isolates of both methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (mrcons), 90% were inhibited by j-111,347 (prototype), j-111,225, j-114,870, ...	2000	10681308
ampr gene mutations that greatly increase class c beta-lactamase activity in enterobacter cloacae.	the ampc and ampr genes of enterobacter cloacae gn7471 were cloned into pmw218 to yield pku403. four mutant plasmids derived from pku403 (pku404, pku405, pku406, and pku407) were isolated in an ampd mutant of escherichia coli ml4953 by selection with ceftazidime or aztreonam. the beta-lactamase activities expressed by pku404, pku405, pku406, and pku407 were about 450, 75, 160, and 160 times higher, respectively, than that expressed by the original plasmid, pku403. these mutant plasmids all carri ...	2000	10681318
inactivation of the ampd gene in pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to moderate-basal-level and hyperinducible ampc beta-lactamase expression.	it has been shown in enterobacteria that mutations in ampd provoke hyperproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase, which confers to these organisms high levels of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. in this study, we investigated whether this genetic locus was implicated in the altered ampc beta-lactamase expression of selected clinical isolates and laboratory mutants of pseudomonas aeruginosa. the sequences of the ampd genes and promoter regions from these strains were determined and compared ...	2000	10681322
biochemical sequence analyses of ges-1, a novel class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron in52 from klebsiella pneumoniae.	klebsiella pneumoniae ori-1 was isolated in 1998 in france from a rectal swab of a 1-month-old girl who was previously hospitalized in cayenne hospital, cayenne, french guiana. this strain harbored a ca. 140-kb nontransferable plasmid, ptk1, that conferred an extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile antagonized by the addition of clavulanic acid, tazobactam, or imipenem. the gene for ges-1 (guiana extended-spectrum beta-lactamase) was cloned, and its protein was expressed in escherichi ...	2000	10681329
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by intermittent and continuous infusion.	this study assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by intermittent and continuous infusion against clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, and staphylococcus aureus.	2000	10688391
role of the loop containing residue 115 in the induced-fit mechanism of the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic enzyme mura.	the induced-fit mechanism in enterobacter cloacae mura has been investigated by kinetic studies and x-ray crystallography. the antibiotic fosfomycin, an irreversible inhibitor of mura, induced a structural change in udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udpglcnac)-liganded enzyme with a time dependence similar to that observed for the inactivation progress. the mechanism of action of fosfomycin on mura appeared to be of the bimolecular type, the overall rate constants of inactivation and structural change be ...	2000	10694381
[in vitro activity of biapenem (bipm) against clinically isolated respiratory pathogens in 1996-1998].	the in vitro antibacterial activity of biapenem (bipm), a new carbapenem antibiotic, was compared with those of imipenem (ipm), panipenem (papm), meropenem (mepm), ceftazidime (caz) and piperacillin (pipc) against 280 isolates of 9 respiratory pathogens. the mic90s of biapenem (bipm) for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and haemophilus influenzae were ...	1999	10695024
mixed infection in adult bacterial meningitis.	12 adult patients suffering from bacterial meningitis caused by mixed infection were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital over a period of 13 years (1986-1998), and they accounted for 6.5% (12/184) of our culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis. the 12 cases included seven males and five females, aged 17-74 years. six of the 12 cases had community-acquired infections and the other six had nosocomially-acquired infections. ten of the 12 cases had associated underlying diseases, ...	2000	10697784
gene cloning and nucleotide sequencing and properties of a cocaine esterase from rhodococcus sp. strain mb1.	a strain of rhodococcus designated mb1, which was capable of utilizing cocaine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the tropane alkaloid-producing plant erythroxylum coca. a cocaine esterase was found to initiate degradation of cocaine, which was hydrolyzed to ecgonine methyl ester and benzoate; both of these esterolytic products were further metabolized by rhodococcus sp. strain mb1. the structural gene encoding a cocaine esterase, designated ...	2000	10698749
frequency and biodiversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing bacteria isolated from the maize rhizosphere at different stages of plant growth.	a pseudomonas 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg)-producing population that occurred naturally on the roots, in rhizosphere soil of zea mays and in the nonrhizosphere soil was investigated in order to assess the microbial diversity at five stages of plant growth. a total of 1,716 isolates were obtained, and 188 of these isolates were able to produce dapg. dapg producers were isolated at each stage of plant growth, indicating that the maize rhizosphere is colonized by natural dapg producers through ...	2000	10698757
imipenem resistance of enterobacter aerogenes mediated by outer membrane permeability.	multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes strains are increasingly isolated in europe and especially in france. treatment leads to imipenem resistance, because of a lack of porin. we studied the evolution of resistance in 29 strains isolated from four patients during their clinical course. these strains belonged to the prevalent epidemiological type observed in france in previous studies (c. bosi, et al., j. clin. microbiol. 37:2165-2169, 1999; a. davin-regli et al., j. clin. microbiol. 34:1474 ...	2000	10698994
novel screening method for urine cultures using a filter paper dilution system.	we have developed a novel method for urine culture for office practice based on the use of filter paper as a solid-phase dilution device. filtration dilutes and spreads the inoculum onto a solid culture surface. experiments were conducted to determine the optimum inoculum size, microbial permeability through filter papers, and ability to exclude vaginal epithelial cells. the filter paper dilution system was compared to the standard streak method to detect bacteriuria in specimens submitted to th ...	2000	10699019
[prosthetic valve endocarditis due to enterobacter cloacae].		2000	10721300
non-target gene mutations in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in escherichia coli.	mutations in loci other than genes for the target topoisomerases of fluoroquinolones, gyra and parc, may play a role in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in escherichia coli. a series of mutants with increasing resistance to ofloxacin was obtained from an e. coli k-12 strain and five clinical isolates. first-step mutants acquired a gyra mutation. second-step mutants reproducibly acquired a phenotype of multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) and organic solvent tolerance and showed enha ...	2000	10722475
antimicrobial activities of mefloquine and a series of related compounds.	mefloquine was found to have bactericidal activity against methicillin- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and -resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis and gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium. the mics were 16 microg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were 16 to 32 microg/ml. these concentrations cannot be achieved in serum. mefloquine was active at a more achievable concentration agains ...	2000	10722480
efficacies of imipenem, meropenem, cefepime, and ceftazidime in rats with experimental pneumonia due to a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase-producing strain of enterobacter cloacae.	the antibacterial activities of imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem-cilastatin, cefepime and ceftazidime against enterobacter cloacae nor-1, which produces the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase nmca and a cephalosporinase, and against one of its in vitro-obtained ceftazidime-resistant mutant were compared by using an experimental model of pneumonia with immunocompetent rats. the mics of the beta-lactams with an inoculum of 5 log(10) cfu/ml were as follows for e. cloacae nor-1 and its ceftazidime- ...	2000	10722486
nucleotide sequence of the bla(rtg-2) (carb-5) gene and phylogeny of a new group of carbenicillinases.	we determined the nucleotide sequence of the bla gene for the acinetobacter calcoaceticus beta-lactamase previously described as carb-5. alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of known beta-lactamases revealed that carb-5 possesses an rtg triad in box vii, as described for the proteus mirabilis gn79 enzyme, instead of the rsg consensus characteristic of the other carbenicillinases. phylogenetic studies showed that these rtg enzymes constitute a new, separate group, possibly ance ...	2000	10722515
a canadian national surveillance study of urinary tract isolates from outpatients: comparison of the activities of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, mecillinam, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin. the canadian urinary isolate study group.	ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, mecillinam, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin mean resistance rates for 2,000 urinary tract isolates collected from outpatients across canada in 1998 were 41.1, 19.2, 14.7, 5.0, and 1.8%, respectively. for escherichia coli isolates alone (n = 1,681) comparable rates were 41. 0, 18.9, 7.4, 0.1, and 1.2%, respectively. the majority of e. coli isolates resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or ciprofloxacin were susceptible (mic, <16 micro ...	2000	10722520
in vitro activities of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and six other fluoroquinolones against 8,796 clinical bacterial isolates.	the in vitro activities of sitafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin against 5,046 gram-negative bacteria, 3,344 gram-positive cocci, and 406 anaerobes were determined. sitafloxacin was the most active agent against gram-positive cocci and anaerobes. against enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters, its activity was either equivalent to or better than that of clinafloxacin.	2000	10722524
cloning, sequencing, and role in serum susceptibility of porin ii from mesophilic aeromonas hydrophila.	we cloned and sequenced the structural gene for aeromonas hydrophila porin ii from strain ah-3 (serogroup o:34). the genetic position of this gene, like that of ompf in escherichia coli, is adjacent to aspc and transcribed in the same direction. however, upstream of the porin ii gene no similarities with e. coli were found. we obtained defined insertion mutants in porin ii gene either in a. hydrophila (o:34) or a. veronii sobria (serogroup o:11) serum-resistant or -sensitive strains. furthermore ...	2000	10722573
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of feijoa sellowiana fruit.	the present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of an aqueous extract from the tropical feijoa sellowiana berg. fruit which is widely used for human food. the extract was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by a broth dilution test and on human whole blood leukocytes, as well as isolated neutrophils using a chemiluminescence (cl) assay. the extract inhibited bacterial growth; pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes and enterobact ...	2000	10724024
the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia carotovora infects drosophila and activates an immune response.	although drosophila possesses potent immune responses, little is known about the microbial pathogens that infect drosophila. we have identified members of the bacterial genus erwinia that induce the systemic expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides in drosophila larvae after ingestion. these erwinia strains are phytopathogens and use flies as vectors; our data suggest that these strains have also evolved mechanisms for exploiting their insect vectors as hosts. erwinia infections induc ...	2000	10725405
biological control of an insect pest by gut-colonizing enterobacter cloacae transformed with ice nucleation gene.	the ice nucleation (in) gene inaa of epiphytic erwinia (pantoea) ananas in10 was transformed into enterobacter cloacae wbmh-3-cmr originated from the faeces of silkworms. the transformant designated as ent. cloacae wbmh-3-cmr(pice6s13) exhibited in activity, unlike the parent strain. the transgenic strain was ingested by mulberry pyralid larvae, fed on detached mulberry leaves, and the supercooling capacity and cold hardiness of these larvae were examined. the mean supercooling point (scp) of th ...	2000	10735247
three-year surveillance study of nosocomial bacterial resistance in argentina. the antimicrobial committee; and the national surveillance program (sir) participants group.	a national surveillance program (sir) was introduced in 1996 in argentina by the antimicrobial committee of the argentinean society for microbiology to assess bacterial resistance. the present study reports the rates of nosocomial bacterial resistance found by this program.	2000	10737844
target site concentrations after continuous infusion and bolus injection of cefpirome to healthy volunteers.	recent data indicate a higher level of effectivity of beta-lactam antibiotics if serum concentrations are kept above the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of the pathogen. this concept would favor continuous infusion over bolus dosing. however, it is usually not the serum concentration but the free interstitial concentration in the target tissue that determines antibiotic activity. we therefore set out to measure effective drug concentrations in the interstitial space of muscle and subcutan ...	2000	10741625
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene reduction by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from clostridium thermoaceticum.	purified co dehydrogenase (codh) from clostridium thermoaceticum catalyzed the transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). the intermediates and reduced products of tnt transformation were separated and appear to be identical to the compounds formed by c. acetobutylicum, namely, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ha46dnt), 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ha26dnt), 2, 4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene (24dhant), and the bamberger rearrangement product of 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluen ...	2000	10742229
molecular epidemiology of a nosocomial outbreak due to enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter agglomerans in campinas, são paulo, brazil.	a total of 73 isolates (57 enterobacter cloacae and 16 enterobacter agglomerans), recovered during an outbreak of bacteremia in the campinas area, são paulo, brazil, were studied. of these isolates, 61 were from parenteral nutrition solutions, 9 from blood cultures, 2 from a sealed bottle of parenteral nutrition solution, and one was of unknown origin. of the 57 e. cloacae isolates, 54 were biotype 26, two were biotype 66 and one was non-typable. of 39 e. cloacae isolates submitted to ribotyping ...	2000	10742720
evaluation of the wider system, a new computer-assisted image-processing device for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing.	the wider system is a newly developed computer-assisted image-processing device for both bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. it has been adapted to be able to read and interpret commercial microscan panels. two hundred forty-four fresh consecutive clinical isolates (138 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, 25 nonfermentative gram-negative rods [nfgnrs], and 81 gram-positive cocci) were tested. in addition, 100 enterobacterial strains with known beta-lactam re ...	2000	10747104
evaluation of the sirscan automated zone reader in a clinical microbiology laboratory.	we compared readings of kirby-bauer plates by the sirscan, an automated image analyzer that measures zone diameters, to those of experienced clinical microbiologists measuring zones with a hand-held caliper interfaced to a computer and with a ruler. to read plates of escherichia coli, morganella morganii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa containing 12 antibiotic disks the sirscan took 11 s; technologists took 28 s by caliper and 39 s by ruler. reading times of four different technologists ranged from ...	2000	10747172
new beta -lactamase inhibitory protein (blip-i) from streptomyces exfoliatus smf19 and its roles on the morphological differentiation.	a new beta-lactamase inhibitory protein (blip-i) from streptomyces exfoliatus smf19 was purified and characterized. the molecular mass of blip-i was estimated to be 17.5 kda by gel filtration fast protein liquid chromatography. the n-terminal sequence was nh(2)-asn-ser-gly-phe-ser-ala-glu-lys-tyr-glu-gln-ile-gln-phe-gly. blip-i inhibited bacto(r) penase (difco), and plasmid encoded tem-1 beta-lactamase, whereas it did not inhibit enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamases. the k(i) value of blip-i aga ...	2000	10747883
type i nitroreductases in soil enterobacteria reduce tnt (2,4,6,-trinitrotoluene) and rdx (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine).	many enteric bacteria express a type i oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase, which reduces nitro groups on many different nitroaromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. enzymatic reduction of nitramines was also documented in enteric bacteria under anaerobic conditions. this study indicates that nitramine reduction in enteric bacteria is carried out by the type i, or oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase, rather than a type ii enzyme. the enteric bacterium morganella morganii strain b2 with document ...	2000	10749541
exoproteinases of the type a in pathogenesis of insect bacterial diseases.	immune inhibitors produced in infected larvae of galleria mellonella by such entomopathogens as pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and heterorhabditis bacteriophora effectively blocked in vitro bactericidal activity of insect haemolymph against escherichia coli d31, both in galleria mellonella and pieris brassicae pupae previously vaccinated with enterobacter cloacae. even at a trace concentration, the extracellular proteinases, by proteolytic degradation, totally destroyed the activity ...	1999	10754793
neonatal neoplasms.	to describe neoplasms diagnosed in children </= 28 days of age along with their treatment, associated congenital anomalies, and the long-term consequences of the diagnoses and treatments.	2000	10758320
enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction typing of isolates of enterobacter cloacae from an outbreak of infection in a neonatal intensive care unit.	enterobacter cloacae has become a common cause of nosocomial infections. this study was designed to investigate the pattern of spread of e cloacae during an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.	2000	10760220
enterobacter cloacae graft infection/bacteremia in a hemodialysis patient.		2000	10760226
an antibiotic policy to prevent emergence of resistant bacilli.	fear of infection in neonatal intensive care units (nicus) often leads to early use of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics, a strategy that selects for resistant bacteria. we investigated whether the emergence of resistant strains could be halted by modifying the empiric antibiotic regimens to remove the selective pressure that favours resistant bacteria.	2000	10768436
comparative killing rates of fluoroquinolones and cell wall-active agents.	killing rates of fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and vancomycin were compared against enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, streptococci, and enterococcus faecalis. the times required for fluoroquinolones to decrease viability by 3 log(10) were 1.5 h for enterobacteriaceae, 4 to 6 h for staphylococci, and >/=6 h for streptococci and enterococci. thus, the rate of killing by fluoroquinolones is organism group dependent; overall, they killed more rapidly than beta-lactams and van ...	2000	10770784
enterotoxigenic escherichia coli secretes active heat-labile enterotoxin via outer membrane vesicles.	escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles during normal growth. vesicles may contribute to bacterial pathogenicity by serving as vehicles for toxins to encounter host cells. enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) vesicles were isolated from culture supernatants and purified on velocity gradients, thereby removing any soluble proteins and contaminants from the crude preparation. vesicle protein profiles were similar but not identical to outer membranes and differed ...	2000	10777535
complete nucleotide sequence of tn10.	the complete nucleotide sequence of tn10 has been determined. the dinucleotide signature and percent g+c of the sequence had no discontinuities, indicating that tn10 constitutes a homogeneous unit. the new sequence contained three new open reading frames corresponding to a glutamate permease, repressors of heavy metal resistance operons, and a hypothetical protein in bacillus subtilis. the glutamate permease was fully functional when expressed, but tn10 did not protect escherichia coli from the ...	2000	10781570
[detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae in feces].	a study was made of 366 feces for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing enterobacteriaceae from feces. the selective agar was used for modified drigalski agar (eiken chemical co., ltd) with 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxime (esbl screen agar). 92 strains of enterobacteriaceae, 41 escherichia coli, 15 citrobacter freundii, 13 enterobacter cloacae, 11 klebsiella pneumoniae, and other 12, were isolated from esbl screen agar. and, r-plasmid that were selected by 2 micrograms/ml cefotaxim ...	2000	10783580
purification to homogeneity and characterization of a novel pseudomonas putida chromate reductase.	cr(vi) (chromate) is a widespread environmental contaminant. bacterial chromate reductases can convert soluble and toxic chromate to the insoluble and less toxic cr(iii). bioremediation can therefore be effective in removing chromate from the environment, especially if the bacterial propensity for such removal is enhanced by genetic and biochemical engineering. to clone the chromate reductase-encoding gene, we purified to homogeneity (>600-fold purification) and characterized a novel soluble chr ...	2000	10788340
rapid identification and differentiation of bartonella species using a single-step pcr assay.	five species of bartonella have been reported to infect humans and cause a variety of diseases that can be difficult to diagnose. four species of bartonella have been reported to infect cats and dogs, and two of these species are considered to be zoonotic pathogens. diagnosis of bartonella infections is hampered by the slow, fastidious growth characteristics of bartonella species. we report on the development of a single-step pcr-based assay for the detection and differentiation of medically rel ...	2000	10790087
a pcr-colorimetric microwell plate hybridization assay for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium from culture samples and ziehl-neelsen-positive smears.	differentiation between mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium is essential for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. we have developed an easy and rapid detection assay for the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. this is a pcr-hybridization assay based on selective amplification of a 16s rrna gene sequence using pan-mycobacterium primers followed by hybridization of the amplification products to biotinylated m. tuberculosis and m. avium-specific probes. a total of 55 mycobacterial isolat ...	2000	10790097
complications of intrauterine intervention for treatment of fetal obstructive uropathy.	the intrauterine surgical placement of vesicoamniotic shunts in the treatment of fetal obstructive uropathy associated with prune-belly syndrome to avoid such complications as renal damage and oligohydramnios remains controversial. we present a case of an infant born with prune-belly syndrome at 33 weeks and 5 days of estimated gestational age to a mother of two by vaginal delivery after a pregnancy complicated by fetal obstructive uropathy with attempted intrauterine intervention. after sonogra ...	2000	10792105
treatment of sanitary-important bacteria by bacteriocin substance v24 in cattle dung water.	quantification of sanitary-important bacteria (e.g. enterobacteriaceae), as well as indicators of environmental contamination, was assessed in samples of cattle dung from 25 cattle farms in 15 north-eastern slovakia districts. the inhibitory effect of crude bacteriocin extract cbe v24 from enterococcus faecalis v24 against listeria monocytogenes ohio and yersinia enterocolitica ye85 was examined in cattle dung water with the aim of finding a new way of eliminating the health risk of the animal s ...	2000	10792671
comparative aspects of the diffusion of norfloxacin, cefepime and spermine through the f porin channel of enterobacter cloacae.	in enterobacteriaceae, the permeability of the outer membrane to hydrophilic antibiotics is associated with the presence of pore-forming proteins. we tested the diffusion of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin in four enterobacter cloacae strains: a clinical isolate and three derivatives variously producing or lacking the d and f porins. we analysed the entry of norfloxacin into e. cloacae cells in the presence of either the polyamine spermine or the recently developed cefepime, which are known to p ...	2000	10794735
in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against 873 clinical isolates from respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical infections during 1997-1998 in japan.	the in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was determined for 873 isolates from various infections during 1997-1998 in japan. gatifloxacin was active against streptococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae, with mic(90)s of </=0.39 mg/l. the activity was two- to 32-fold greater than that of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria, and comparable to that against gram-negative bacteria. gatifloxacin was ...	2000	10797094
field investigations of bacterial contaminants and their effects on extended porcine semen.	field investigations (n=23) were made over a 3-yr period at north american boar studs and farms in which the primary complaint was sperm agglutination in association with decreased sperm longevity of extended semen, and increased regular returns to estrus and/or vaginal discharges across parity. microscopic examination of extended semen from these units revealed depressed gross motility (usually <30%), sperm agglutination, and sperm cell death occurring within 2 d of semen collection and process ...	2000	10798493
drosophila thor participates in host immune defense and connects a translational regulator with innate immunity.	thor has been identified as a new type of gene involved in drosophila host immune defense. thor is a member of the 4e-binding protein (4e-bp) family, which in mammals has been defined as critical regulators in a pathway that controls initiation of translation through binding eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e). without an infection, thor is expressed during all developmental stages and transcripts localize to a wide variety of tissues, including the reproductive system. in response to bacter ...	2000	10811906
[prevalence of bacterial contamination of standard platelet units: prospective study].	platelet concentrates contaminated with bacteria are a main source of transfusion-associated sepsis. several studies have reported a very wide incidence (0-10%) of contamination. the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination of standard platelet units at the regional blood transfusion center in casablanca.	2000	10812660
carbapenemases of chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum: distribution of blab and characterization of a novel metallo-beta-lactamase gene, blab3, in the type strain, nctc 10016.	genes encoding carbapenemases in 15 reference strains of chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum from the united kingdom national collection of type cultures and in one recent clinical isolate were investigated. all the strains hydrolyzed imipenem, but their levels of resistance to carbapenems varied, with imipenem and meropenem mics ranging from 2 to >32 microg/ml. the blab gene, which encodes a molecular-class b carbapenemase, was detected in only six reference strains and in clinica ...	2000	10817691
biochemical-genetic characterization and regulation of expression of an acc-1-like chromosome-borne cephalosporinase from hafnia alvei.	a naturally occurring ampc beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) gene was cloned from the hafnia alvei 1 clinical isolate and expressed in escherichia coli. the deduced ampc beta-lactamase (acc-2) had a pi of 8 and a relative molecular mass of 37 kda and showed 50 and 47% amino acid identity with the chromosome-encoded ampcs from serratia marcescens and providentia stuartii, respectively. it had 94% amino acid identity with the recently described plasmid-borne cephalosporinase acc-1 from klebsiella ...	2000	10817695
a between-species comparison of antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria in fecal flora.	enterobacteria in fecal flora are often reported to be highly resistant. escherichia coli is the main species; resistance data on other species are rare. to assess the effect of the host's environment, antimicrobial resistance was determined in fecal species of the family enterobacteriaceae from three populations: healthy people (hp)(n = 125) with no exposure to antimicrobials for 3 months preceding sampling, university hospital patients (up) (n = 159) from wards where the antibiotic use was 112 ...	2000	10817696
activities of taurolidine in vitro and in experimental enterococcal endocarditis.	in vitro, the antimicrobial agent taurolidine inhibited virtually all of the bacteria tested, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci, oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, at concentrations between 250 and 2,000 microg/ml. taurolidine was not effective in experimental endocarditis. while it appears unlikely that this antimicrobial would be useful for systemic therapy, its bactericidal activity and the resistance rates found (<10(-9)) are favorable indicators fo ...	2000	10817739
outbreak of enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices.		2000	10823560
structural basis for the interaction of the fluorescence probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ans) with the antibiotic target mura.	the extrinsic fluorescence dye 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ans) is widely used for probing conformational changes in proteins, yet no detailed structure of ans bound to any protein has been reported so far. ans has been successfully used to monitor the induced-fit mechanism of mura [udpglcnac enolpyruvyltransferase (ec )], an essential enzyme for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. we have solved the crystal structure of the ans small middle dotmura complex at 1.7-a resolution. ans binds at ...	2000	10823915
in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against a broad range of recent clinical isolates from the usa.	the antibacterial potencies of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 13 comparator compounds were determined by broth microdilution against a panel of 645 gram-positive and 995 gram-negative organisms collected from various usa sites. time-kill studies were performed and postantibiotic effect (pae) was determined for several organisms using trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin as comparator compounds. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent compound tested against gram-positive isolates: streptoco ...	2000	10824027
use of randomly amplified polymorphic dna as a means of developing genus- and strain-specific streptomyces dna probes.	we have analyzed 20 randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) primers against 36 streptomyces strains, including 17 taxonomically undefined strains, 25 nonstreptomycete actinomycetes, and 12 outgroups consisting of gram-positive and -negative species. most of the primers were useful in identifying unique dna polymorphisms of all strains tested. we have used rapd techniques to develop a genus-specific probe, one not necessarily targeting the ribosomal gene, for streptomyces, and a strain-specific ...	2000	10831438
use of pcr with universal primers and restriction endonuclease digestions for detection and identification of common bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid.	we have designed a universal pcr capable of amplifying a portion of the 16s rrna gene of eubacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, legionella pneumophila, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus i ...	2000	10834956
frequency of low-level bacteremia in children from birth to fifteen years of age.	a single blood culture inoculated with a small volume of blood is still frequently being used for the diagnosis of bacteremia in children because of the continued belief by many that bacteria are usually found in high concentrations in the blood of pediatric patients with sepsis. to determine the importance of both blood volume cultured and the number of culture devices required for the reliable detection of pathogens in our pediatric population, blood from children from birth to 15 years of age ...	2000	10834973
rpob gene analysis as a novel strategy for identification of spirochetes from the genera borrelia, treponema, and leptospira.	spirochetes are emerging pathogens for which culture and identification are partly unresolved. in fact, 16s rrna-based sequencing is by far the most widely used pcr methodology that is able to detect such uncultivable pathogens. however, this assay actually has some limitations linked to potential problems of contamination, which hampers diagnosis. to circumvent this, we have devised a simple pcr strategy involving targeting of the gene encoding the rna polymerase beta subunit (rpob), a highly c ...	2000	10834976
enterobacter cloacae sepsis outbreak in a newborn unit caused by contaminated total parenteral nutrition solution.	the study aimed to investigate an outbreak caused by enterobacter cloacae in a neonate intensive care unit.	2000	10840347
comparative x-ray analysis of the un-liganded fosfomycin-target mura.	mura, an essential enzyme for the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, follows an induced-fit mechanism. upon substrate binding, the active site forms in the interdomain cleft, involving movements of the two domains of the protein and a reorientation of the loop pro112-pro121. we compare two structures of un-liganded mura from enterobacter cloacae: a new orthorhombic form, solved to 1.80 a resolution, and a monoclinic form, redetermined to 1.55 a resolution. in the monoclinic form, the loop pro ...	2000	10842342
investigations into the sterility of manually assembled extracorporeal circuits with vented reservoirs.	this study was designed to investigate the ability of an extracorporeal circuit (ecc) with a vented hard shell reservoir to remain sterile for a period of 72 h under dry conditions. the study was conducted in three phases. in phase one: two previously published methods for detecting contamination of the ecc were compared. a group of positive controls was collected by contaminating identical circuits with a known level of enterobacter cloacae (attc: 13047) before initiating a regimen of "sample-d ...	1999	10847954
identification and characterization of two chemotactic transducers for inorganic phosphate in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	two chemotactic transducers for inorganic phosphate (p(i)), designated ctph and ctpl, have been identified in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the corresponding genes (ctph and ctpl) were inactivated by inserting kanamycin and tetracycline resistance gene cassettes into the wild-type genes in the p. aeruginosa pao1 genome. computer-assisted capillary assays showed that the ctph single mutant failed to exhibit p(i) taxis when the concentration of p(i) in the capillary was higher than 5 mm. conversely, the ...	2000	10852870
the synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-7-(alkylidene)cephalosporin sulfones as beta-lactamase inhibitors.	a series of 2-substituted-7-(alkylidene)cephalosporin sulfones were prepared and evaluated as beta-lactamase inhibitors. compound 11c showed excellent activity as an inhibitor of the class c beta-lactamase derived from enterobacter cloacae, strain p99.	2000	10853645
an acc deaminase minus mutant of enterobacter cloacae uw4 no longer promotes root elongation.	the acc deaminase gene (acds) from enterobacter cloacae uw4 was replaced by homologous recombination with the acds gene with a tetracycline resistance gene inserted within the coding region. upon characterization of this acds minus mutant, it was determined that both acc deaminase activity and the ability to promote the elongation of canola roots under gnotobiotic conditions were greatly diminished. this result is consistent with a previously postulated model that suggests that a major mechanism ...	2000	10856374
effect of new quaternary bisammonium compounds on the growth and cell surface hydrophobicity of enterobacter cloacae.	the effect of new quaternary bisammonium salts (qbas) of series a: 1, 10-[bis(alkyldimethyl-diammonium)]-4,7-dioxo-3,8-dioxoundecandi bromides and series b: alpha-omega[bis(dodecyldimethyl-diammonium)]-3,x-dioxo-4,y- dioxoalcandibromides on the growth and surface hydrophobicity of e. cloacae strain was studied. the compounds of series a possess changing side substituent and the inhibition of growth displayed evident dependence of effect on length of alkyl with optimum at c9-c11 (cut off effect). ...	2000	10857043
rapid discriminatory detection of genes coding for shv beta-lactamases by ligase chain reaction.	ligase chain reaction (lcr) is a recently developed technique that employs a thermostable ligase and allows for the discrimination of dna sequences differing in only a single base pair. the method has been adapted and applied to differentiation of bla(shv) genes. we have developed an lcr typing method to characterize point mutations in genes for shv-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases with four different sets of biotinylated lcr primers. to evaluate the applicability of the current techniq ...	2000	10858344
a novel ctx-m beta-lactamase (ctx-m-8) in cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated in brazil.	to estimate the diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in brazil, 18 strains from different species of the family enterobacteriaceae exhibiting a positive double-disk synergy test were collected by a clinical laboratory from several hospitals in rio de janeiro, brazil, in 1996 and 1997. four strains (proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and citrobacter amalonaticus) hybridized with a 550-bp ctx-m probe. the p. mirabilis strain produced a ctx-m-2 enzyme. the e. ...	2000	10858358
meropenem versus imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of sepsis in chinese patients.	meropenem and imipenem are beta-lactam antibiotics of the carbapenem group. carbapenems have bactericidal activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including most gram-positive cocci, gram-negative bacilli and anaerobes. experience in using meropenem in chinese patients has not been previously reported.	2000	10862445
a promoter region binding protein and dna gyrase regulate anaerobic transcription of nifla in enterobacter cloacae.	our work provides evidence that a sequence characteristic of fnr binding sites, when interacted with by a trans-acting factor, activates anaerobic transcription of the nifla operon in enterobacter cloacae. dna gyrase activity has been found to be important for the anaerobic transcription of the nifla promoter. our results suggest that anaerobic regulation of the nifla operon is mediated through the control of the promoter region-binding trans-acting factor at the transcriptional level, while dna ...	2000	10869067
microbiological investigation on black crusts from open-air stone monuments of bologna (italy).	samples of black crusts taken from open-air stone monuments in bologna dating back to between the twelfth and the nineteenth century were considered. the microbiological test procedures isolated from a high number of chemoorganotrophic bacteria, each of the samples although it was expected to find chemo-lithotrophic (specially sulfur-oxidizing and nitrifying) bacteria on account of the great amounts of sulphur, carbon, nitrogen dioxides and ammonia in the air. sporogenous and asporogenous specie ...	2000	10872690
evaluation of the use of bactec anaerobic blood cultures in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children.	in an attempt to reduce costs, the role of bactec anaerobic blood culture in the detection of bacteraemia and fungaemia in children was evaluated. results from 3167 sets of aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures from children admitted to the university hospital, kuala lumpur during a one year period, were analysed. four hundred and eight (12.9%) sets of blood cultures were positive, of which 348 sets (11.0%) from 201 patients were clinically significant. of the 348 significant positive sets, organ ...	1996	10879222
outbreak investigation of nosocomial enterobacter cloacae bacteraemia in a neonatal intensive care unit.	over a period of 7 months, 23 patients hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) developed nosocomial enterobacter cloacae bacteraemia. contaminated saline for preparing heparin solution was initially identified as the common source of e. cloacae bacteraemia. although environmental sanitation was enforced, the outbreak continued. e. cloacae has always been isolated from various cultures of the environmental specimens, from the hands of personnel and from the faeces of patients. all o ...	2000	10879601
microbiological contamination of enteral feeding solutions used in costa rican hospitals.	enteral feeding is the most common and preferred modality for providing nutritional support to hospital patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract that can not satisfy their nutritional requirements. nevertheless, enteral feeding may be an important cause of bacterial infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial contamination level of enteral feedings distributed in costa rican hospitals. a total of 124 samples of enteral feeding, coming from five different hospitals fro ...	1999	10883302
kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity.	kombucha was prepared in a tea broth (0.5% w/v) supplemented with sucrose (10% w/v) by using a commercially available starter culture. the ph decreased steadily from 5 to 2.5 during the fermentation while the weight of the "tea fungus" and the od of the tea broth increased through 4 days of the fermentation and remained fairly constant thereafter. the counts of acetic acid-producing bacteria and yeasts in the broth increased up to 4 days of fermentation and decreased afterward. the antimicrobial ...	2000	10888589
assessment of the microbiological quality and wash treatments of lettuce served in university restaurants.	one hundred and forty-four samples of lettuce from 16 university restaurants were analyzed. the mesophilic aerobic counts of all samples ranged from 3.01 to 7.81 log10 cfu g(-1). results of total coliforms ranged from < 0.47 to > 3.38 log10 most probable number (mpn) g(-1). of the lettuce samples, 25.7% harbored escherichia coli, 22.9% staphylococcus aureus and 84% group d streptococci. similarly, 10.4% of the samples harbored aeromonas hydrophila, 2.8% pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coliforms such ...	2000	10898470
impact of antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy from 1972 to 1998.		2000	10898668
amino acid substitutions in a variant of imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase.	in the course of surveying for the carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-beta-lactamase gene bla(imp) in pathogenic bacteria by the pcr method, we detected a gene encoding a variant metallo-beta-lactamase, designated imp-3, which differed from imp-1 by having low hydrolyzing activity for penicillins and carbapenems. pcr product direct sequencing of a 2.2-kb segment revealed that the gene bla(imp-3) was located on a cassette inserted within a class i integron in the pms390 plasmid. the 741-bp nucleotide ...	2000	10898670
mutations in 23s rrna and ribosomal protein l4 account for resistance in pneumococcal strains selected in vitro by macrolide passage.	the mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. these mutants were resistant to 14- and 15-membered macrolides, but resistance could not be explained by any clinically relevant resistance determinant [mef(a), erm(a), erm(b), erm(c), erm(tr), msr(a), mph(a), mph(b), mph(c), ere(a), ere(b)]. an investigation into the sequences of 23s rrnas in the mutant and parental stra ...	2000	10898684
saccharomicins, novel heptadecaglycoside antibiotics produced by saccharothrix espanaensis: antibacterial and mechanistic activities.	saccharomicins a and b, two new heptadecaglycoside antibiotics, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the rare actinomycete saccharothrix espanaensis. they represent a novel class of bactericidal antibiotics that are active both in vitro and in vivo against bacteria and yeast (mics: staphylococcus aureus, <0.12 to 0. 5; vancomycin-resistant enterococci, 0.25 to 16; gram-negative bacteria, 0.25 to >128; and yeast, >128 microg/ml), including multiply resistant strains. saccharomicins protec ...	2000	10898690
a carboxy-terminal 16-amino-acid region of sigma(38) of escherichia coli is important for transcription under high-salt conditions and sigma activities in vivo.	sigma(38) (or sigma(s), the rpos gene product) is a sigma subunit of rna polymerase in escherichia coli and directs transcription from a number of stationary-phase promoters as well as osmotically inducible promoters. in this study, we analyzed the function of the carboxy-terminal 16-amino-acid region of sigma(38) (residues 315 to 330), which is well conserved among the rpos gene products of enteric bacterial species. truncation of this region was shown to result in the loss of sigma activity in ...	2000	10913098
enterobacter cloacae outbreak in the nicu related to disinfected thermometers.	in the first week ot december 1997, an increasing incidence of neonates colonized with multi-drug resistant enterobacter cloacae (mr-e. cloacae) was observed in the neonatal intensive care unit of our 950-bed university hospital. initially, re-enforcement of infection control practices including hand disinfection and cohort isolation seemed to be sufficient to control the outbreak. nevertheless, an increasing number of newly admitted patients was paralleled by another rise in the incidence of co ...	2000	10917779
characteristics of neonatal bacterial meningitis in a teaching hospital in taiwan from 1984-1997.	during the period from 1984 to 1997, 85 bacterial meningitis neonates with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures were treated. the ages of these patients ranged from 1 to 28 days. the male to female ratio was 1.7 to 1. the most common causative agent was group b beta-hemolytic streptococci (gbs, 31.8%), followed by escherichia coli (20%), proteus mirabilis (7.1%), enterobacter cloacae (5.9%), other streptococci excluding streptococcus pneumoniae (5.9%), chryseobacterium meningosepticum (5.9%), e ...	2000	10917879
efficacy and safety of cefepime in the treatment of serious bacterial infections in hospitalized adult patients.	proper and timely choice of the antibiotic therapy for the management of infection in hospitalized patients is an immense challenge to the clinician. a newly developed extended-spectrum fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime, has been shown to have good activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. in order to further establish the efficacy and safety of cefepime in the treatment of adult hospitalized patients in taiwan, we reviewed the medical records of all patients who re ...	2000	10917881
rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in stool specimens by an enzyme immunoassay and surveillance for campylobacter upsaliensis in the greater salt lake city area.	the alexon-trend, inc. (ramsey, minn.), prospect campylobacter microplate assay was compared with culture on a campy-cva plate (remel, lenexa, kans.) and blood-free campylobacter agar with cefoperazone (20 microg/ml), amphotericin b (10 microg/ml), and teicoplanin (4 microg/ml) (cat medium; oxoid limited, hampshire, england) with 631 patient stool samples. the cat medium was used to isolate campylobacter upsaliensis. the enzyme immunoassay (eia) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 89 and 99%, ...	2000	10921981
induction of oxidative stress in leukocytes by an enterobacter cloacae toxin able to form oligomers and binding to proteins.	a leukotoxic and hemolytic toxin was purified from cultures of enterobacter cloacae. stimulation of oxidative stress was observed and the production of reactive oxidant species was measured in leukocytes treated with toxin by means of nitroblue tetrazolium and chemiluminescence assays. molecular weight of toxin was estimated by chromatography and sds-page. two protean peaks with toxic activity were found in sephadex g-100 (p1, 42.0 kda; and p2, 13.3 kda). the relative amounts between the peaks ( ...	2000	10924332
a heterogeneous outbreak of enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens infections in a surgical intensive care unit.	to investigate an outbreak of invasive disease due to enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens in a surgical intensive care unit (icu).	2000	10926397
[application of gas chromatography in the identification of enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter agglomerans].	enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter agglomerans were identified using gas chromatography as a substitution of the traditional techniques. their acid methyl esters profiles were determined using a gas chromatograph hewlett packard 5890a and a rsl-150 heliflex capillary column. a total of 120 samples were analyzed from reference strains (atcc 13047, 13048, 27155) and environmental isolations, eleven fatty acids were included in the profiles from which cis-9, 10-methyleneo ...	1999	10932747