Publications

porcine tlr3 characterization and expression in response to influenza virus and bordetella bronchiseptica.	we have provided a detailed structural analysis of porcine alveolar macrophage tlr3 extracellular domain (ecd). the porcine tlr3-ecd contains 18 leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) consisting of blocks of consensus motifs and non-consensus motifs containing insertions. excluding the n-terminal and c-terminal lrrs, porcine tlr3 has two lrrs with insertions, resulting in one lrr of 39 amino acids and another lrr of 34 amino acids. furthermore, we have conducted the first examination of the regulated expre ...	2011	21561668
histologic and molecular correlation in shelter cats with acute upper respiratory infection.	this is a descriptive study designed to correlate diagnostic real-time pcr results with histopathologic lesions in cats with clinical signs of upper respiratory infection (uri). the study occurred over a 9-month period in a single open-intake animal shelter. cats that were selected for euthanasia by the shelter staff and additionally had uri were included in the study for a total of 22 study cats. combined conjunctival and oropharyngeal swabs were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chai ...	2011	21562109
a novel sensor kinase is required for bordetella bronchiseptica to colonize the lower respiratory tract.	bacterial virulence is influenced by the activity of two-component regulator systems (tcs), which consist of membrane-bound sensor kinases that allow bacteria to sense the external environment, and cytoplasmic, dna-binding response regulator proteins that control appropriate gene expression. respiratory pathogens of the bordetella genus require the well-studied tcs bvgas to control the expression of many genes required for colonization of the mammalian respiratory tract. here we describe the ide ...	2011	21606184
comparative activities of tigecycline and other tetracyclines against non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli (excluding acinetobacter spp.).	tigecycline, a glycylcycline, is a semisynthetic derivative of minocycline with a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (2, 12, 16).…	2011	21606223
bordetella avium causes induction of apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase in turkey tracheal explant cultures.	bordetellosis is an upper respiratory disease of turkeys caused by bordetella avium in which the bacteria attach specifically to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this disease, which has a negative impact in the commercial turkey industry. in this study, we produced a novel explant organ culture system that was able to successfully reproduce pathogenesis of b. avium in vitro, using tracheal tissue derived from 26 day-old turkey embryos ...	2011	21609777
characterization of the structure and function of klebsiella pneumoniae allantoin racemase.	the oxidative catabolism of uric acid produces 5-hydroxyisourate (hiu), which is further degraded to (s)-allantoin by two enzymes, hiu hydrolase and 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline decarboxylase. the intermediates of the latter two reactions, hiu and 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline, are unstable in solution and decay nonstereospecifically to allantoin. in addition, nonenzymatic racemization of allantoin has been shown to occur at physiological ph. since the further br ...	2011	21616082
risk factors for delays between intake and veterinary approval for adoption on medical grounds in shelter puppies and kittens.	to maximize their capacity to save lives and optimize resource allocation, animal shelters need to identify highly adoptable animals that are unlikely to be delayed on medical grounds before they can be made available for adoption. in this retrospective cohort study, our objective was to identify risk factors for delays from intake to approval for adoption on medical grounds in shelter puppies and kittens. shelter medical records from 2008 for 335 puppies and 370 kittens were selected randomly a ...	2011	21621287
complete genome sequence of b. pertussis cs, chinese pertussis vaccine strain.	bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis. here, we report the genome sequence of bordetella pertussis strain cs, isolated from an infant patient in beijing and widely used as a vaccine strain for production of acellular pertussis vaccine in china.	2011	21622744
sidl is an a. fumigatus transacetylase involved in biosynthesis of the siderophores ferricrocin and hydroxyferricrocin.	the opportunistic fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus produces four types of siderophores, low molecular-mass iron chelators: it excretes fusarinine c (fsc) and triacetylfusarinine c (tafc) for iron uptake and accumulates ferricrocin (fc) for hyphal and hydroxyferricrocin (hfc) for conidial iron distribution and storage. siderophores biosynthesis has recently been shown to be crucial for fungal virulence. here, we identified a new component, afua_1g04450 termed sidl, of the fungal siderophore ...	2011	21622789
high doses of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia reduce cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in guinea pigs.	choosing an appropriate anesthetic protocol that will have minimal effect on experimental design can be difficult. guinea pigs have highly variable responses to a variety of injectable anesthetics, including ketamine-xylazine (kx). because of this variability, supplemental doses often are required to obtain an adequate plane of anesthesia. our group studies the isolated guinea pig heart, and we must anesthetize guinea pigs prior to harvesting this organ. in this study, we sought to determine whe ...	2011	21640030
pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of colistin and imipenem on mucoid and nonmucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.	the time course of activity of colistin and imipenem against mucoid and nonmucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa growing in a biofilm showed that compared with those for planktonic bacteria, the kinetics of colistin and imipenem retained the concentration- and time-dependent killing, respectively, but higher doses of antibiotics and longer dosing periods were required for biofilm eradication. biofilms of mucoid p. aeruginosa were more difficult to eradicate than nonmucoid biofilms.	2011	21670181
anti-proliferative activity of meroditerpenoids isolated from the brown alga stypopodium flabelliforme against several cancer cell lines.	the sea constitutes one of the most promising sources of novel compounds with potential application in human therapeutics. in particular, algae have proved to be an interesting source of new bioactive compounds. in this work, six meroditerpenoids (epitaondiol, epitaondiol diacetate, epitaondiol monoacetate, stypotriol triacetate, 14-ketostypodiol diacetate and stypodiol) isolated from the brown alga stypopodium flabelliforme were tested for their cell proliferation inhibitory activity in five ce ...	2011	21673894
toxin-antitoxin systems influence biofilm and persister cell formation and the general stress response.	in many genomes, toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems have been identified; however, their role in cell physiology has been unclear. here we examine the evidence that ta systems are involved in biofilm formation and persister cell formation and that these systems may be important regulators of the switch from the planktonic to the biofilm lifestyle as a stress response by their control of secondary messenger 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid. specifically, upon stress, the sequence-specific mrna interferases ...	2011	21685157
defining pathogenic bacterial species in the genomic era.	actual definitions of bacterial species are limited due to the current criteria of definition and the use of restrictive genetic tools. the 16s ribosomal rna sequence, for example, has been widely used as a marker for phylogenetic analyses; however, its use often leads to misleading species definitions. according to the first genetic studies, removing a certain number of genes from pathogenic bacteria removes their capacity to infect hosts. however, more recent studies have demonstrated that the ...	2011	21687765
defining pathogenic bacterial species in the genomic era.	actual definitions of bacterial species are limited due to the current criteria of definition and the use of restrictive genetic tools. the 16s ribosomal rna sequence, for example, has been widely used as a marker for phylogenetic analyses; however, its use often leads to misleading species definitions. according to the first genetic studies, removing a certain number of genes from pathogenic bacteria removes their capacity to infect hosts. however, more recent studies have demonstrated that the ...	2011	21687765
emerging agents to combat complicated and resistant infections: focus on ceftobiprole.	antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. over the past few years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. development of new antimicrobial agents has been matched by the development of new mechanisms of resistance by bacteria. current antibiotics act at a variety of sites within the target bacteria, including the cross-linking enzymes in the cell wall, various ...	2010	21694889
chlamydia pneumoniae infection induced allergic airway sensitization is controlled by regulatory t-cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) is associated with induction and exacerbation of asthma. cp infection can induce allergic airway sensitization in mice in a dose- and time-dependent manner. allergen exposure 5 days after a low dose (mild-moderate), but not a high dose (severe) cp infection induces antigen sensitization in mice. innate immune signals play a critical role in controlling cp infection induced allergic airway sensitization, however these mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. wild-type, ...	2011	21695198
the lptd chaperone lpte is not directly involved in lipopolysaccharide transport in neisseria meningitidis.	the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in gram-negative bacteria is well understood, in contrast to the transport to its destination, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane. in escherichia coli, synthesis and transport of lps are essential processes. neisseria meningitidis, conversely, can survive without lps and tolerates inactivation of genes involved in lps synthesis and transport. here, we analyzed whether the lpta, lptb, lptc, lpte, lptf, and lptg proteins, recently implicated in lps ...	2011	21705335
virulence determinants, drug resistance and mobile genetic elements of laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis.		2011	21711902
general metabolism of laribacter hongkongensis: a genome-wide analysis.		2011	21711917
lymph node transplantation and its immunological significance in animal models.	lymph nodes (lns) are distributed all over the body and whatever the site consists of the same cell populations. however, there are great differences between ln from different draining areas. for example, in mesenteric ln, homing molecules, for example, ccr9 and +¦4+¦7 integrin, were induced and cytokines, for example, il-4, were produced on higher levels compared to peripheral ln. to study the immunological functions of ln, ln transplantation was performed in some specific areas using different ...	2011	21716726
detection of urease-negative bordetella bronchiseptica from the field.	four urease-negative bordetella bronchiseptica isolates originating from pigs were examined by phenotypic and molecular methods. the phenotypic properties of the isolates were in harmony with the data of the literature, except for the lack of urease activity in conventional tube test, api 20 ne and diatabsôäó assays. using genotypic methods, the urease-negative isolates did not differ from the urease-positive reference strain. they were positive in species-specific and urec pcr, and all strains ...	2011	21727061
genetic diversity of streptococcus suis isolates as determined by comparative genome hybridization.	streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes infections in young piglets. s. suis is a heterogeneous species. thirty-three different capsular serotypes have been described, that differ in virulence between as well as within serotypes.	2011	21736719
knockout and pullout recombineering for naturally transformable burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia pseudomallei.	phage ++-red proteins are powerful tools for pulling and knocking out chromosomal fragments but have been limited to the +¦-proteobacteria. procedures are described here to easily knock out (ko) and pull out (po) chromosomal dna fragments from naturally transformable burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia pseudomallei. this system takes advantage of published compliant counterselectable and selectable markers (sacb, phes, gat and the arabinose-utilization operon) and ++-red mutant proteins. ...	2011	21738123
Transcriptional Profiling of the Iron Starvation Response in Bordetella pertussis Provides New Insights into Siderophore Utilization and Virulence Gene Expression.	Serological studies of patients with pertussis and the identification of antigenic Bordetella pertussis proteins support the hypothesis that B. pertussis perceives an iron starvation cue and expresses multiple iron source utilization systems in its natural human host environment. Furthermore, previous studies using a murine respiratory tract infection model showed that several of these B. pertussis iron systems are required for colonization and persistence and are differentially expressed over t ...	2011	21742863
an acpxl mutant in rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolus lacks 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in its lipid a and is developmentally delayed during symbiotic infection of the determinate nodulating host plant phaseolus vulgaris.	rhizobium leguminosarum is a gram negative bacterium that forms nitrogen fixing symbioses with compatible leguminous plants via intracellular invasion and establishes a persistent infection within host membrane derived subcellular compartments. notably, an unusual very long chain fatty acid (vlcfa) is found in the lipid a of r. leguminosarum as well as in the lipid a of the medically relevant pathogens brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, bartonella henselae, and legionellae pneumophila which ...	2011	21764936
the role of pagl and lpxo in bordetella bronchiseptica lipid a biosynthesis.	pagl and lpxo are enzymes that modify lipid a. pagl is a 3-o deacylase that removes the primary acyl chain from the 3 position and lpxo is an oxygenase that 2-hydroxylates specific acyl chains in the lipid a. pagl and lpxo homologues have been identified in the genome of bordetella bronchiseptica but in the current structure for b. bronchiseptica lipid a the 3 position is acylated and 2-oh acylation is not reported. we have investigated the role of b. bronchiseptica pagl and lpxo in lipid a bios ...	2011	21764941
real-time detection and identification of chlamydophila species in veterinary specimens using sybr green based pcr assays.	infections caused by members of the chlamydiaceae family have long been underestimated due to the requirement of special laboratory facilities for the detection of this group of intracellular pathogens. furthermore, new studies of this group of intracellular pathogens have revealed that host specificity of different species is not as clear as recently believed. as most members of the genus chlamydophila (cp.) have shown to be transmissible from animals to humans, sensitive and fast detection met ...	2011	21764961
peritoneal cavity is dominated by ifn?-secreting cxcr3 th1 cells.	the chemokine receptor cxcr3, which was shown to take part in many inflammatory processes, is considered as a th1 specific marker. here, we show in a mouse model that cxcr3 expressing cd4(+) cells preferentially migrate to the peritoneal cavity under steady-state conditions. the peritoneal cavity milieu leads to an up-regulated expression of cxcr3. however, blocking of known ligands of this chemokine receptor did not alter the preferential migration. the peritoneal cavity environment also result ...	2011	21789162
genome and characterization of phages bcep22 and bcepil02, founders of a novel phage type in burkholderia cenocepacia.	within the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), b. cenocepacia is the most common species associated with aggressive infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, causing disease that is often refractive to treatment by antibiotics. phage therapy may be a potential alternative form of treatment for these infections. here we describe the genome of the previously described therapeutic b. cenocepacia podophage bcepil02 and its close relative, bcep22. phage bcep22 was found to contain a circul ...	2011	21804006
first description of a rnd-type multidrug efflux pump in achromobacter xylosoxidans: axyabm.	achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. the multidrug resistance of these bacteria remains poorly understood. we have characterized in a clinical strain the first resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd)-type multidrug efflux pump in this species: axyabm. the inactivation of the transporter component axyb gene led to decreased minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cephalosporins (except cefepime), aztreonam, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones and chlo ...	2011	21807978
pneumocystis carinii infection causes lung lesions historically attributed to rat respiratory virus.	idiopathic lung lesions characterized by dense perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes and a lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia have been noted in research rats since the 1990s. although the etiology of this disease has remained elusive, a putative viral etiology was suspected and the term 'rat respiratory virus' (rrv) has been used in reference to this disease agent. the purpose of this study was to determine whether pneumocystis carinii infection in immunocompetent rats can cause idiopathic lu ...	2011	21819681
superovulation strategies for 6 commonly used mouse strains.	we examined different weight ranges and hormone dosages to determine superovulation protocols for 6 mouse strains commonly used in genetic engineering: c57bl/6nhsd, b6(cg)-tyr(c-2j)/j, b6d2f1/hsd, fvb/nhsd, balb/canncr, and crl:cd1(icr). mice from each strain were divided into groups based on weight roughly corresponding to those of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-wk-old mice. mice were treated with 5 iu pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (pmsg) and 5 iu human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg). the weights of mice t ...	2011	21838974
detection and control of mouse parvovirus.	mouse parvovirus (mpv) remains a prevalent infection of laboratory mice. we developed 2 strategies to detect and control an active mpv infection over a 9.5-mo period. the first strategy used a test-and-cull approach in 12 rooms. after all cages corresponding to mpv-seropositive bedding sentinels were removed from the room, a na+»ve sentinel mouse was dedicated to every 2 to 3 rows per rack and received soiled bedding from these rows every 2 wk. all 12 rooms completed 3 consecutive negative round ...	2011	21838982
Gastric volvulus in Guinea pigs: comparison with other species.	Gastric volvulus has been documented in several species of animals and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We report 2 cases of gastric volvulus in guinea pigs that died without detection of prior clinical signs. Both guinea pigs were adult female guinea pigs in a breeding colony and had given birth to multiple litters; one was pregnant at the time of death. Gastric rotations of 540-¦ and 360-¦ were identified at necropsy examination. These cases include the first known report of ga ...	2011	21838984
a two-step species-specific 16s rrna pcr assay for the detection of taylorella equigenitalis in horses.	: a two-step pcr assay was developed for the molecular detection of taylorella equigenitalis, a gram-negative genital bacterial pathogen in horses. two specific oligonucleotide primers (te16srrnabchf [25mer] and te16srrnabchr [29mer]) were designed from multiple alignments of the 16s rrna gene loci of several closely related taxa, including t. asinigenitalis. subsequent enhanced surveillance of 250 thoroughbred animals failed to detect the presence of this organism directly from clinical swabs t ...	2005	21851668
mechanistic and structural studies of the n-hydroxylating flavoprotein monooxygenases.	the n-hydroxylating flavoprotein monooxygenases are siderophore biosynthetic enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of the sidechain amino-group of ornithine or lysine or the primary amino-group of putrescine. this hydroxylated product is subsequently formylated or acylated and incorporated into the siderophore. importantly, the modified amino-group is a hydroxamate and serves as an iron chelating moiety in the siderophore. this review describes recent work to characterize the ornithine hydroxy ...	2011	21871647
antimicrobial peptides and proteins of the horse - insights into a well-armed organism.	abstract: antimicrobial peptides play a pivotal role as key effectors of the innate immune system in plants and animals and act as endogenous antibiotics. the molecules exhibit an antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotic pathogens with different specificities and potencies depending on the structure and amino-acid composition of the peptides. several antimicrobial peptides were comprehensively investigated in the last three decades and some molecules with remarkable antim ...	2011	21888650
Telemetric left ventricular monitoring using wireless telemetry in the rabbit model.	ABSTRACT:	2011	21892949
vitamin d3: a helpful immuno-modulator.	the active metabolite of vitamin d, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25(oh)(2) d3], is involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism and exerts a large number of biological effects. vitamin d3 inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion, adaptive immunity and cell proliferation, and at the same time promotes insulin secretion, innate immunity and stimulates cellular differentiation. the role of vitamin d3 in immunoregulation has led to the concept of a dual function as both as an important secosteroid ho ...	2011	21896008
pseudomonas aeruginosa aes-1 exhibits increased virulence gene expression during chronic infection of cystic fibrosis lung.	pseudomonas aeruginosa, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (cf), adapts for survival in the cf lung through both mutation and gene expression changes. frequent clonal strains such as the australian epidemic strain-1 (aes-1), have increased ability to establish infection in the cf lung and to superimpose and replace infrequent clonal strains. little is known about the factors underpinning these properties. analysis has been hampered by lack of expression a ...	2011	21935417
control of biofilm formation and colonization in vibrio fischeri: a role for partner switching?	bacteria employ a variety of mechanisms to promote and control colonization of their respective hosts, including restricting the expression of genes necessary for colonization to distinct situations (i.e. encounter with a prospective host). in the symbiosis between the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri and its host squid, euprymna scolopes, colonization proceeds via a transient biofilm formed by the bacterium. the production of this bacterial biofilm depends on a complex regulatory network that c ...	2010	21966901
in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria.	silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections.	2012	21972270
in vitro antimicrobial studies of silver carbene complexes: activity of free and nanoparticle carbene formulations against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria.	silver carbenes may represent novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that have low toxicity while providing varying chemistry for targeted applications. here, the bactericidal activity of four silver carbene complexes (sccs) with different formulations, including nanoparticles (nps) and micelles, was tested against a panel of clinical strains of bacteria and fungi that are the causative agents of many skin and soft tissue, respiratory, wound, blood, and nosocomial infections.	2012	21972270
A deep rough type structure in Bordetella bronchiseptica lipopolysaccharide modulates host immune responses.	We have already obtained the Bordetella bronchiseptica mutant BbLP39, which contains a deep-rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instead the wild type smooth LPS with O antigen. This mutant was altered in the expression of some proteins and in its ability to colonize mice lungs. Particularly, in BbLP39 the expression of pertactin is decreased. To differentiate the contribution of each bacterial component to the observed phenotype, here we used mice defective in the LPS sensing receptor TLR4 (TLR4-defe ...	2011	22039958
the role of bordetella bronchiseptica in feline respiratory disease.		1997	22047431
prevalence of antibodies against bordetella bronchiseptica in cats with a history of respiratory disease.		1997	22047433
BpsR Modulates Bordetella Biofilm Formation by Negatively Regulating the Expression of the Bps Polysaccharide.	Bordetella bacteria are Gram-negative respiratory pathogens of animals, birds, and humans. A hallmark feature of some Bordetella species is their ability to efficiently survive in the respiratory tract even after vaccination. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis form biofilms on abiotic surfaces and in the mouse respiratory tract. The Bps exopolysaccharide is one of the critical determinants for biofilm formation and the survival of Bordetella in the murine respiratory tract. In or ...	2012	22056934
immune responses to raav6: the influence of canine parvovirus vaccination and neonatal administration of viral vector.	recombinant adeno-associated viral (raav) vectors promote long-term gene transfer in many animal species. significant effort has focused on the evaluation of raav delivery and the immune response in both murine and canine models of neuromuscular disease. however, canines provided for research purposes are routinely vaccinated against canine parvovirus (cpv). raav and cpv possess significant homology and are both parvoviruses. thus, any immune response generated to cpv vaccination has the potenti ...	2011	22065964
on the interaction of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with claudins.	clostridium perfringens causes one of the most common foodborne illnesses, which is largely mediated by the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the toxin consists of two functional domains. the n-terminal region mediates the cytotoxic effect through pore formation in the plasma membrane of the mammalian host cell. the c-terminal region (ccpe) binds to the second extracellular loop of a subset of claudins. claudin-3 and claudin-4 have been shown to be receptors for cpe with very high affin ...	2010	22069641
anti-biofilm compounds derived from marine sponges.	bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. in the biofilm state, bacteria are significantly more resistant to external assault, including attack by antibiotics. in their native environment, bacterial biofilms underpin costly biofouling that wreaks havoc on shipping, utilities, and offshore industry. within a host environment, they are insensitive to antiseptics and basic host immune responses. it is estimat ...	2011	22073007
many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview.	the lab of jürg tschopp was the first to report on the crucial role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (ripk1) in caspase-independent cell death. because of this pioneer finding, regulated necrosis and in particular ripk1/ripk3 kinase-mediated necrosis, referred to as necroptosis, has become an intensively studied form of regulated cell death. although necrosis was identified initially as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is blocked, it is now recognized as a cellular defense mech ...	2012	22075985
many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview.	the lab of jürg tschopp was the first to report on the crucial role of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (ripk1) in caspase-independent cell death. because of this pioneer finding, regulated necrosis and in particular ripk1/ripk3 kinase-mediated necrosis, referred to as necroptosis, has become an intensively studied form of regulated cell death. although necrosis was identified initially as a backup cell death program when apoptosis is blocked, it is now recognized as a cellular defense mech ...	2012	22075985
genome sequencing reveals a phage in helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori chronically infects the gastric mucosa in more than half of the human population; in a subset of this population, its presence is associated with development of severe disease, such as gastric cancer. genomic analysis of several strains has revealed an extensive h. pylori pan-genome, likely to grow as more genomes are sampled. here we describe the draft genome sequence (63 contigs; 26× mean coverage) of h. pylori strain b45, isolated from a patient with gastric mucosa-associa ...	2011	22086490
Inhibition and dispersal of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biofilms by a small diffusible Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproduct(s).	Environmental biofilms often contain mixed populations of different species. In these dense communities, competition between biofilm residents for limited nutrients such as iron can be fierce, leading to the evolution of competitive factors that affect the ability of competitors to grow or form biofilms. We have discovered a compound(s) present in the conditioned culture fluids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that disperses and inhibits the formation of biofilms produced by the facultative plant patho ...	2011	22105093
Inhibition and dispersal of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biofilms by a small diffusible Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproduct(s).	Environmental biofilms often contain mixed populations of different species. In these dense communities, competition between biofilm residents for limited nutrients such as iron can be fierce, leading to the evolution of competitive factors that affect the ability of competitors to grow or form biofilms. We have discovered a compound(s) present in the conditioned culture fluids of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that disperses and inhibits the formation of biofilms produced by the facultative plant patho ...	2011	22105093
PmrB mutations promote polymyxin resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients.	Pseudomonas aeruginosa can develop resistance to polymyxin and other cationic antimicrobial peptides. Previous work has shown that mutations in the PmrAB and PhoPQ regulatory systems can confer low to moderate levels of colistin (polymyxin E) resistance in laboratory strains and clinical isolates of this organism (MICs of 8 - 64 mg/L). To explore the role of PmrAB in high-level clinical polymyxin resistance, P. aeruginosa isolates from chronically colistin-treated cystic fibrosis patients, most ...	2011	22106224
The histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein-B (HptB) regulates swarming motility through a partner switching system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.	The Histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein-B (HptB, PA3345) is an intermediate protein involved in transferring a phosphoryl group from multiple sensor kinases to the response regulator PA3346 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The objective of this study is to elucidate the biological significance of the HptB-PA3346 interaction and the regulatory mechanisms thereafter. The transcription-profiling analysis of an hptB knockout mutant showed that the expression of a number of motility-related g ...	2011	22128156
The histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein-B (HptB) regulates swarming motility through a partner switching system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.	The Histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein-B (HptB, PA3345) is an intermediate protein involved in transferring a phosphoryl group from multiple sensor kinases to the response regulator PA3346 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The objective of this study is to elucidate the biological significance of the HptB-PA3346 interaction and the regulatory mechanisms thereafter. The transcription-profiling analysis of an hptB knockout mutant showed that the expression of a number of motility-related g ...	2011	22128156
phenotypic modulation of the bvg+ phase is not required for pathogenesis and transmission of bordetella bronchiseptica in swine.	the majority of virulence gene expression in bordetella is regulated by a two-component sensory transduction system encoded by the bvg locus. in response to environmental cues, the bvgas regulatory system controls expression of a spectrum of phenotypic phases transitioning between a virulent (bvg(+)) phase and a non-virulent (bvg(-)) phase, a process referred to as phenotypic modulation. we hypothesized that the ability of b. bronchiseptica to undergo phenotypic modulation is required at one or ...	2011	22158743
the major facilitator superfamily-type protein lbtc promotes the utilization of the legiobactin siderophore by legionella pneumophila.	the gram-negative bacterium legionella pneumophila elaborates the siderophore legiobactin. we previously showed that cytoplasmic lbta helps mediate legiobactin synthesis, inner membrane lbtb promotes export of legiobactin, and outer membrane lbtu acts as the ferrisiderophore receptor. rt-pcr analyses now identified lbtc as an iron-repressed gene that is the final gene in an operon containing lbta and lbtb. in silico analysis predicted that lbtc is an inner membrane protein that belongs to the ...	2011	22160401
Rapid Identification of Mycobacteria and Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a Single Multiplex PCR and DNA Sequencing.	Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health problem for which rapid diagnosis is critical to both treatment and control. This report describes a multiplex PCR method, the Mycobacterial IDentification and Drug Resistance Screen (MID-DRS) assay, which allows for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) and the simultaneous amplification of targets for sequencing-based drug resistance ((R)) screening of rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. Additionally, the same multip ...	2011	22162548
identification of the methyl phosphate substituent at the non-reducing terminal mannose residue of the o-specific polysaccharides of klebsiella pneumoniae o3, hafnia alvei pcm 1223 and escherichia coli o9/o9a lps.	o-specific polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria are synthesized by two different mechanisms: polymerization of the pre-formed o-repeating unit or sequential addition of the monosaccharides to the growing polysaccharide chain. in the second case, growth of the polymer can be further subdivided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of a special monosaccharide or non-sugar substituent that terminates the glycan. a family of polymannose o-polysaccharides provides prototypes for t ...	2011	22169179
identification of the methyl phosphate substituent at the non-reducing terminal mannose residue of the o-specific polysaccharides of klebsiella pneumoniae o3, hafnia alvei pcm 1223 and escherichia coli o9/o9a lps.	o-specific polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria are synthesized by two different mechanisms: polymerization of the pre-formed o-repeating unit or sequential addition of the monosaccharides to the growing polysaccharide chain. in the second case, growth of the polymer can be further subdivided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of a special monosaccharide or non-sugar substituent that terminates the glycan. a family of polymannose o-polysaccharides provides prototypes for t ...	2011	22169179
the acid phosphatase acpa is secreted in vitro and in macrophages by francisella spp.	francisella tularensis is a remarkably infectious facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the zoonotic disease tularemia. essential to f. tularensis spp. pathogenesis is its ability to escape the destructive phagosomal environment and inhibit the host cell respiratory burst. f. tularensis spp. encode a series of acid phosphatases, which have been reported to play important roles in francisella phagosomal escape, inhibition of the respiratory burst and intracellular survival. however, rigo ...	2011	22184418
bacterial degradation of tert-amyl alcohol proceeds via hemiterpene 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol by employing the tertiary alcohol desaturase function of the rieske non-heme mononuclear iron oxygenase mdpj.	tertiary alcohols, such as tert-butyl and tert-amyl alcohol (tba and taa, respectively) and higher homologues, are only slowly degraded microbially. conversion of tba seems to proceed via hydroxylation to 2-methylpropan-1,2-diol which is further oxidized to 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid. by analogy, a branched pathway is expected for the degradation of taa, as this molecule possesses several potential hydroxylation sites. in aquincola tertiaricarbonis l108 and methylibium petroleiphilum pm1, a likely ...	2011	22194447
target site recognition by a diversity-generating retroelement.	diversity-generating retroelements (dgrs) are in vivo sequence diversification machines that are widely distributed in bacterial, phage, and plasmid genomes. they function to introduce vast amounts of targeted diversity into protein-encoding dna sequences via mutagenic homing. adenine residues are converted to random nucleotides in a retrotransposition process from a donor template repeat (tr) to a recipient variable repeat (vr). using the bordetella bacteriophage bpp-1 element as a prototype, w ...	2011	22194701
bpex pig health scheme: a useful monitoring system for respiratory disease control in pig farms?	abstract: background: respiratory diseases account for significant economic losses to the uk pig industry. lesions indicative of respiratory disease in pig lungs at slaughter e.g. pneumonia and pleuritis are frequently recorded to assess herd health or provide data for epidemiological studies. the bpex pig health scheme (bphs) is a monitoring system, which informs producers of gross lesions in their pigs' carcasses at slaughter, enabling farm-level decisions to be made. the aim of the study was ...	2011	22208847
interaction of bordetella bronchiseptica, pasteurella multocida, and fumonisin b1 in the porcine respiratory tract as studied by computed tomography.	the interaction of bordetella bronchiseptica, toxigenic pasteurella multocida serotype d, and the mycotoxin fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) was studied. on day 0 of the experiment, 28 artificially reared 3-day-old piglets were divided into 4 groups (n = 7 each): a control group (a), a group fed fb(1) toxin (b), a group infected with the 2 pathogens (c), and a group infected with the 2 pathogens and fed fb(1) toxin (d). the b. bronchiseptica infection [with 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml] was perform ...	2011	22210993
cloning, expression, and characterization of tonb2 from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and potential use as an antigenic vaccine candidate and diagnostic marker.	in this study the tonb2 gene was cloned from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae jl01 (serovar 1) and expressed as a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein in escherichia coli bl21(de3). the gst fusion protein was recognized by antibodies in serum positive for a. pleuropneumoniae by western blot analysis. purified soluble gst-tonb2 was assessed for its ability to protect balb/c mice against a. pleuropneumoniae infection. mice were vaccinated with gst-tonb2 subcutaneously and challenged intra ...	2011	22210994
bordetella bronchiseptica in a paediatric cystic fibrosis patient: possible transmission from a household cat.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a zoonotic respiratory pathogen commonly found in domesticated farm and companion animals, including dogs and cats. here, we report isolation of b. bronchiseptica from a sputum sample of a cystic fibrosis patient recently exposed to a kitten with an acute respiratory illness. genetic characterization of the isolate and comparison with other isolates of human or feline origin strongly suggest that the kitten was the source of infection.	2012	22212633
structure and catalytic mechanism of nicotinate (vitamin b3) degradative enzyme maleamate amidohydrolase from bordetella bronchiseptica rb50.	the penultimate reaction in the oxidative degradation of nicotinate (vitamin b(3)) to fumarate in several species of aerobic bacteria is the hydrolytic deamination of maleamate to maleate, catalyzed by maleamate amidohydrolase (nicf). although it has been considered a model system for bacterial degradation of n-heterocyclic compounds, only recently have gene clusters that encode the enzymes of this catabolic pathway been identified to allow detailed investigations concerning the structural basis ...	2012	22214383
network model of immune responses reveals key effectors to single and co-infection dynamics by a respiratory bacterium and a gastrointestinal helminth.	co-infections alter the host immune response but how the systemic and local processes at the site of infection interact is still unclear. the majority of studies on co-infections concentrate on one of the infecting species, an immune function or group of cells and often focus on the initial phase of the infection. here, we used a combination of experiments and mathematical modelling to investigate the network of immune responses against single and co-infections with the respiratory bacterium bor ...	2012	22253585
expression of multidrug resistance efflux pump gene nora is iron responsive in staphylococcus aureus.	staphylococcus aureus utilizes efflux transporter nora to pump out a wide range of structurally dissimilar drugs, conferring low-level multidrug resistance. the regulation of nora expression has yet to be fully understood although past studies have revealed that this gene is under the control of the global transcriptional regulator mgra and the two-component system arlrs. to identify additional regulators of nora, we screened a transposon library in strain newman expressing the transcriptional f ...	2012	22267518
self-made phage libraries with heterologous inserts in the mtd of bordetella bronchiseptica.	phage display libraries are widely used as tools for identifying, dissecting and optimizing ligands. development of a simple method to access greater library diversities could expedite and expand the technique. this paper reports progress toward harnessing the naturally occurring diversity generating retroelement used by bordetella bronchiseptica bacteriophage to alter its tail-fiber protein. mutagenesis and testing identified four sites amenable to the insertion of <19-residue heterologous pept ...	2012	22286238
seroepidemiology of respiratory (group 2) canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and bordetella bronchiseptica infections in urban dogs in a humane shelter and in rural dogs in small communities.	this prospective study evaluated seroepidemiologic features of canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), and bordetella bronchiseptica infections in dogs in an urban humane shelter and in rural/small community dog populations in western canada. seroprevalence of crcov and cpiv was low compared with other countries; seroprevalence of b. bronchiseptica was moderate to high in most populations examined. rural dogs were 0.421 times (p ≤ 0.0001) less likely to be posi ...	2011	22294792
biocatalyst development by directed evolution.	biocatalysis has emerged as a great addition to traditional chemical processes for production of bulk chemicals and pharmaceuticals. to overcome the limitations of naturally occurring enzymes, directed evolution has become the most important tool for improving critical traits of biocatalysts such as thermostability, activity, selectivity, and tolerance towards organic solvents for industrial applications. recent advances in mutant library creation and high-throughput screening have greatly facil ...	2012	22310212
peptide markers of aminoacyl trna synthetases facilitate taxa counting in metagenomic data.	taxa counting is a major problem faced by analysis of metagenomic data. the most popular method relies on analysis of 16s rrna sequences, but some studies employ also protein based analyses. it would be advantageous to have a method that is applicable directly to short sequences, of the kind extracted from samples in modern metagenomic research. this is achieved by the technique proposed here.	2012	22325056
genome sequence of the highly efficient arsenite-oxidizing bacterium achromobacter arsenitoxydans sy8.	we report the draft genome sequence of achromobacter arsenitoxydans sy8, the first reported arsenite-oxidizing bacterium belonging to the genus achromobacter and containing a genomic arsenic island, an intact type iii secretion system, and multiple metal(loid) transporters. the genome may be helpful to explore the mechanisms intertwining metal(loid) resistance and pathogenicity.	2012	22328747
effect of chemokine receptor cx3cr1 deficiency in a murine model of respiratory syncytial virus infection.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory illness in infants and young children worldwide, making it a high priority for development of strategies for prevention and treatment. rsv can cause repeat infections throughout life, with serious complications in elderly and immunocompromised patients. previous studies indicate that the rsv g protein binds through a cx3c chemokine motif to the host chemokine receptor, cx3cr1, and modulates the inflammatory i ...	2012	22330646
using a single blood sample and inulin to estimate glomerular filtration rate in rabbits.	to establish a simple procedure for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (gfr) in conscious rabbits, we used the conventional multisample approach to develop a single-blood-sample method. a bolus injection of inulin was administered intravenously at a dose of 40 mg/kg to male new zealand white rabbits, and blood was collected 30, 60, 90, and 120 min later. serum inulin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations were determined. using this multi-sample method, the reference gfr in clinica ...	2011	22330718
growing male rats in individually ventilated and open-top cages.	during the past few decades, the development and use of individually ventilated cages (ivc), which are now commercially available for housing laboratory mice and rats, have increased. because limited information is available regarding the influence of caging systems on the growth of rats, the present study assessed body weight and food and water consumption in growing male rats that were housed in ivc and open-top cages (otc). we allocated 21-d-old male wistar outbred rats (hsdola:wi; n = 24) in ...	2011	22330780
oral gavage in rats: animal welfare evaluation.	the effect of chronic daily orogastric gavage with water (5 ml/kg) on behavior and physiology was evaluated in male sprague-dawley rats. treatment groups included: unmanipulated control, restraint control, dry gavage, and gavage, with all rats singly housed (n = 9 or 10 per group). in addition, a group of pair-housed rats (n = 18) was included to determine whether social housing affected response to gavage. weekly body weights and food consumption were recorded as well as use of a nylon chew toy ...	2012	22330864
global effects of catecholamines on actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae gene expression.	bacteria can use mammalian hormones to modulate pathogenic processes that play essential roles in disease development. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important porcine respiratory pathogen causing great economic losses in the pig industry globally. stress is known to contribute to the outcome of a. pleuropneumoniae infection. to test whether a. pleuropneumoniae could respond to stress hormone catecholamines, gene expression profiles after epinephrine (epi) and norepinephrine (ne) treatmen ...	2012	22347439
prevalence and genetic characterization of pertactin-deficient bordetella pertussis in japan.	the adhesin pertactin (prn) is one of the major virulence factors of bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough. however, a significant prevalence of prn-deficient (prn(-)) b. pertussis was observed in japan. the prn(-) isolate was first discovered in 1997, and 33 (27%) prn(-) isolates were identified among 121 b. pertussis isolates collected from 1990 to 2009. sequence analysis revealed that all the prn(-) isolates harbor exclusively the vaccine-type prn1 allele and that loss ...	2012	22348138
in vivo pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of colistin and imipenem in pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection.	many pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) are sensitive to antibiotics in susceptibility testing, but eradication of the infection is difficult. the main reason is the biofilm formation in the airways of patients with cf. the pharmacokinetics (pks) and pharmacodynamics (pds) of antimicrobials can reliably be used to predict whether antimicrobial regimens will achieve the maximum bactericidal effect against infections. unfortunately, however, most ...	2012	22354300
antiadhesive activity of the biosurfactant pseudofactin ii secreted by the arctic bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens bd5.	pseudofactin ii is a recently identified biosurfactant secreted by pseudomonas fluorescens bd5, the strain obtained from freshwater from the arctic archipelago of svalbard. pseudofactin ii is a novel compound identified as cyclic lipopeptide with a palmitic acid connected to the terminal amino group of eighth amino acid in peptide moiety. the c-terminal carboxylic group of the last amino acid forms a lactone with the hydroxyl of thr3. adhesion is the first stage of biofilm formation and the best ...	2012	22360895
iron starvation regulates the type iii secretion system in bordetella bronchiseptica.	the type iii secretion system (t3ss) plays a key role in the exertion of full virulence by bordetella bronchiseptica. however, little is known about the environmental stimuli that induce expression of t3ss genes. here, it is reported that iron starvation is a signal for t3ss gene expression in b. bronchiseptica. it was found that, when b. bronchiseptica is cultured under iron-depleted conditions, secretion of type iii secreted proteins is greater than that in bacteria grown under iron-replete co ...	2012	22376189
first report of infectious pericarditis due to bordetella holmesii in an adult patient with malignant lymphoma.	bordetella holmesii is a fastidious gram-negative rod first identified in 1995. though rare, it is isolated mainly in immunocompromised and asplenic hosts and is associated with bacteremia, pertussis-like respiratory tract infection, and endocarditis. herein, we describe a unique b. holmesii infectious pericarditis patient with malignant lymphoma.	2012	22378902
gram-negative bacterial sensors for eukaryotic signal molecules.	ample evidence exists showing that eukaryotic signal molecules synthesized and released by the host can activate the virulence of opportunistic pathogens. the sensitivity of prokaryotes to host signal molecules requires the presence of bacterial sensors. these prokaryotic sensors, or receptors, have a double function: stereospecific recognition in a complex environment and transduction of the message in order to initiate bacterial physiological modifications. as messengers are generally unable t ...	2009	22399982
functional and structural analysis of the siderophore synthetase asbb through reconstitution of the petrobactin biosynthetic pathway from bacillus anthracis.	petrobactin, a mixed catechol-carboxylate siderophore, is required for full virulence of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. the asbabcdef operon encodes the biosynthetic machinery for this secondary metabolite. here, we show that the function of five gene products encoded by the asb operon is necessary and sufficient for conversion of endogenous precursors to petrobactin using an in vitro system. in this pathway, the siderophore synthetase asbb catalyzes formation of amide bonds ...	2012	22408253
swine atrophic rhinitis caused by pasteurella multocida toxin and bordetella dermonecrotic toxin.	atrophic rhinitis is a widespread and economically important swine disease caused by pasteurella multocida and bordetella bronchiseptica. the disease is characterized by atrophy of the nasal turbinate bones, which results in a shortened and deformed snout in severe cases. p. multocida toxin and b. bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin have been considered to independently or cooperatively disturb the osteogenesis of the turbinate bone by inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation and/or stimulating bo ...	2012	22411430
type v secretion: mechanism(s) of autotransport through the bacterial outer membrane.	autotransport in gram-negative bacteria denotes the ability of surface-localized proteins to cross the outer membrane (om) autonomously. autotransporters perform this task with the help of a β-barrel transmembrane domain localized in the om. different classes of autotransporters have been investigated in detail in recent years; classical monomeric but also trimeric autotransporters comprise many important bacterial virulence factors. so do the two-partner secretion systems, which are a special c ...	2012	22411980
bordetella holmesii in nasopharyngeal samples from chilean patients with suspected bordetella pertussis infection.		2012	22427606
the promoter architectural landscape of the salmonella phop regulon.	the dna-binding protein phop controls virulence and mg²⁺ homeostasis in the gram-negative pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. phop regulates expression of a large number of genes that differ both in their ancestry and in the biochemical functions and physiological roles of the encoded products. this suggests that phop-regulated genes are differentially expressed. to understand how a bacterial activator might generate varied gene expression behaviour, we investigated the cis-acting ...	2012	22435712
involvement of multiple distinct bordetella receptor proteins in the utilization of iron liberated from transferrin by host catecholamine stress hormones.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogen that can acquire iron using its native alcaligin siderophore system, but can also use the catechol xenosiderophore enterobactin via the bfea outer membrane receptor. transcription of bfea is positively controlled by a regulator that requires induction by enterobactin. catecholamine hormones also induce bfea transcription and b. bronchiseptica can use the catecholamine noradrenaline for growth on transferrin. in this study, b. bronchiseptica was shown to us ...	2012	22458330
btc22 chaperone is required for secretion and stability of the type iii secreted protein bsp22 in bordetella bronchiseptica.	the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a sophisticated protein secretion machinery that delivers bacterial virulence proteins into host cells. a needle-tip protein, bsp22 , is one of the secreted substrates of the t3ss and plays an essential role in the full function of the t3ss in bordetella bronchiseptica. in this study, we found that bb1618 functions as a chaperone for bsp22 . the deletion of bb1618 resulted in a dramatic impairment of bsp22 secretion into the culture supernatants and bsp22 ...	2012	22458424
evaluation of a mouse model of necrotic granuloma formation using c3heb/fej mice for testing of drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis.	persistence of mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a significant challenge for the effective treatment of tuberculosis in humans. in animals that develop necrotic lung lesions following infection with m. tuberculosis, drug-tolerant bacilli are present and persist in an extracellular microenvironment within the necrotic cores. in this study, we examined the efficacy of drug treatment in c3heb/fej (kramnik) mice that develop lesions with liquefactive necrosis, in comparison to balb/c mice that deve ...	2012	22470120
contribution of bordetella filamentous hemagglutinin and adenylate cyclase toxin to suppression and evasion of interleukin-17-mediated inflammation.	bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica establish respiratory infections with notorious efficiency. our previous studies showed that the fhab genes of b. pertussis and b. bronchiseptica, which encode filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), are functionally interchangeable and provided evidence that fha-deficient b. bronchiseptica induces more inflammation in the lungs of mice than wild-type b. bronchiseptica. we show here that the robust inflammatory response to fha-deficient b. bronchisepti ...	2012	22473603
many neglected tropical diseases may have originated in the paleolithic or before: new insights from genetics.	the standard view of modern human infectious diseases is that many of them arose during the neolithic when animals were first domesticated, or afterwards. here we review recent genetic and molecular clock estimates that point to a much older paleolithic origin (2.5 million years ago to 10,000 years ago) of some of these diseases. during part of this ancient period our early human ancestors were still isolated in africa. we also discuss the need for investigations of the origin of these diseases ...	2012	22479653