Publications

[lyme disease from the neurologist's viewpoint].	the gamut of neurological symptoms observed in lyme disease is outlined on the basis of 45 case histories. the borrelia infection of the nervous system manifests itself primarily at the spinal roots and the cranial nerves. signs of spinal cord and brain involvement were found in well over a third of the patients studied. these may be taken as the result of the infection spreading to parenchymatous structures or as vessel reactions and infections. long-lasting exhaustion and residual focal defici ...	1987	3616582
[epidemiology of ixodes-borreliosis in southern germany].	intimate adaptation occurs between european strains of borrelia burgdorferi and the local hard tick ixodes ricinus. i. dammini, the important vector in usa, could not be infected experimentally with a strain of the lyme spirochete from southern germany. other species of blood suckers are sometimes able to maintain uptaken spirochetes for a few days, but never to compensate the tick vector. man seems to be a good host for b. burgdorferi but without epidemiological significance due to his poor vec ...	1987	3623604
absence of lipopolysaccharide in the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	we were unable to demonstrate the presence of the classic enterobacterium-type lipopolysaccharide in the cells of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi b31. this finding was primarily based on chemical analysis and the absence of free lipid a upon mild acid hydrolysis of the appropriate cell extracts. these results do not preclude the possible existence of an unusual lipopolysaccharide-like compound(s) in b. burgdorferi.	1987	3623705
seasonal prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in natural populations of white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was isolated from 111 of 237 peromyscus leucopus captured during all seasons of the year. borreliae were cultured from tissues of the spleen (101 mice), left kidney (76 mice), and right kidney (73 mice), from blood (12 mice), and from one fetus. mice were infected during the winter, when immature ixodes dammini were inactive. the prevalence of infection during the winter (less than or equal to 33%) was more than twofold lower than that d ...	1987	3624451
musculoskeletal manifestations of lyme disease in children.	lyme disease, caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, has significant musculoskeletal manifestations in children as well as in adults. a series of 23 children with lyme disease is examined. acute arthritis was present in five cases, with the knee being involved in three of these cases. twelve cases (52%) presented with arthralgias, and 10 cases (43%) presented with myalgias. neurological manifestations were present in 39% of the cases. five cases have demonstrated recurrent polyarthralgias. lym ...	2004	3624462
experimental infections of mosquitoes with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease.		1987	3624914
seed ticks.	seed ticks, the first-stage larvae of hard ticks, are not always recognized. they are tiny (0.6 mm) and have six legs, rather than the eight legs found on nymphal and adult ticks. seed ticks may transmit rocky mountain spotted fever, tularemia, babesiosis and lyme disease. pediculocides are effective in removing the larvae.	1987	3630877
lyme disease as cause of childhood arthritis.		1987	3631012
relapsing fever/lyme disease. multiple sclerosis.	lyme disease and relapsing fever caused by borrelia burdorferi and borrelia hermsii, respectively, have been generally considered curable if diagnosed early. however, it is becoming apparent that when these diseases are left undiagnosed and untreated they may cause severe problems for some people. they, in fact, may be one of the major causes of multiple sclerosis. these two borrelia infections, when left untreated, are now known to be capable of causing neurological problems, cardiac problems, ...	1986	3642202
lyme meningoencephalitis: report of a severe, penicillin-resistant case.	although lyme disease frequently attacks the central nervous system, this involvement is rarely severe, and high-dose intravenous penicillin usually is adequate treatment. the patient we describe developed severe lyme meningoencephalitis despite receiving a full course of penicillin, and his condition continued to deteriorate after reinstitution of this treatment. intravenous chloramphenicol was used successfully and resulted in a substantial improvement.	1987	3649235
lyme disease: an increasing health risk for school-age children.	lyme disease, a bacterial infection with noticeable short-term and serious long-term consequences, is the most common tick-borne disease. first described in 1977, lyme disease poses a significant health threat to school-age children exposed to the tick vector primarily in three specific regions of the united states. this article describes lyme disease and its clinical signs and symptoms, and discusses the school nurse's role in identification, management, and prevention of this new health risk.	1987	3650594
[is cardiac involvement found also in european erythema migrans borreliosis?].	during an infection with borrelia burgdorferi two men (aged 59 and 61 years, respectively) developed long-lasting cardiac arrhythmias which proved difficult to treat (tachycardias; in one patient due to atrial fibrillation, and also nodal arrhythmias). the cardiac signs completely regressed after specific antibiotic treatment, supporting the view that the cardiac involvement was due to borrelia infection, as is known to have occurred with lyme disease reported from the usa.	1987	3652950
antigenic changes of borrelia burgdorferi as a result of in vitro cultivation.		1987	3655406
lyme disease in japan and its possible incriminated tick vector, ixodes persulcatus.		1987	3655407
serologically substantiated case of lyme disease and potential tick vectors in alabama.		1987	3661896
the clinical evolution of lyme arthritis.	to determine the clinical evolution of lyme arthritis, 55 patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy for erythema chronicum migrans were followed longitudinally for a mean duration of 6 years. of the 55 patients, 11 (20%) had no subsequent manifestations of lyme disease. from 1 day to 8 weeks after disease onset, 10 of the patients (18%) began to have brief episodes of joint, periarticular, or musculoskeletal pain for as long as 6 years, but they never developed objective joint abnormalitie ...	1987	3662285
lyme disease misdiagnosed as a brown recluse spider bite.		1987	3662296
intrathecal igm synthesis in patients with lyme disease.		1987	3662458
in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi.	the antispirochetal activity in vitro and in vivo of several antibiotics against ten isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from human spinal fluids and skin biopsies was determined. borrelia burgdorferi was most susceptible in vitro to erythromycin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (mic90: 0.06, 0.06, 0.12 mcg/ml respectively). less activity was observed with tetracycline, amoxycillin and lincomycin (mic90: 0.50 mcg/ml), imipenem and augmentin (mic90: 0.25 mcg/ml), oxacillin (mic90: 1 mcg/ml), ciprofloxaci ...	1987	3665899
simultaneous transmission of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti by individual nymphal ixodes dammini ticks.	nymphal ixodes dammini ticks, selected from a group of ticks in which 22 of 31 (71%) contained dual borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infections, simultaneously transmitted b. burgdorferi and b. microti to 4 of 7 (57%) hamsters exposed to individual ticks.	1987	3667924
igm rheumatoid factor in lyme disease: correlation with disease activity, total serum igm, and igm antibody to borrelia burgdorferi.	we tested the sera of 50 patients with lyme disease for igm-rheumatoid factor (igm-rf) using a sensitive elisa. levels of igm-rf greater than 3 sd above the mean of normal subjects were found in 2 of 15 patients with erythema chronicum migrans, 7 of 10 with neurologic abnormalities, and 7 of 25 with lyme arthritis (p = 0.038). only 2 of these sera were positive by latex agglutination. in contrast, none of the 23 control patients with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or reiter's syndrome h ...	1987	3668982
[meningopolyneuritis as a manifestation of lyme disease].		2013	3669789
[chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system].	a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ...	1987	3670517
lyme disease: cause of a treatable peripheral neuropathy.	peripheral nerve dysfunction was demonstrated in 36% of patients with late lyme disease. of 36 patients evaluated, 14 had prominent limb paresthesias. thirteen of these had neurophysiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy; neurologic examinations were normal in most. repeat testing following treatment documented rapid improvement in 11 of 12. we conclude that this neuropathy, which is quite different from the infrequent peripheral nerve syndromes previously described in this illness, is common ...	1987	3670609
[lyme disease, an infectious cause of facial paralysis. apropos of a case].	a case of facial palsy first unilateral then bilateral, due to lyme disease, is reported. this disease, transmitted by ticks, is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) known as the etiologic agent since 1982.	1987	3674641
chronic muscle weakness caused by borrelia burgdorferi meningoradiculitis.	a 19-year-old man developed chronic weakness of the lower limbs as the predominant manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection of the nervous system. spirochetes were demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid. the condition resolved following intravenous penicillin treatment.	1987	3674804
[lyme borreliosis in south germany. epidemiologic data on the incidence of cases and on the epidemiology of ticks (ixodes ricinus) carrying borrelia burgdorferi].	among 2403 ticks (ixodes ricinus) tested in 1985 for borrelia 328 (13.6%) were carriers (adults about 20%, nymphs about 10%, larvae about 1%). the highest prevalence of infected ticks was among adult ticks in the isar region north of munich (33.8%). among 9383 persons whose serum had been examined by fluorescence serology in 1985 and 1986, 1035 (11%) had raised borrelia-specific igg and/or igm antibodies greater than or equal to 1:64. in 18.7% only igm antibodies were demonstrated. among 375 pro ...	1987	3678074
seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	the seasonal host-seeking pattern of nymphal ixodes dammini infected with babesia microti or borrelia burgdorferi was determined on nantucket island, massachusetts, during 1985. the peak period of host-seeking by infected nymphal i. dammini occurred in may and june. on a per person-hour basis, the number of infected ticks collected reached a maximum in may (babesia = 17.3; borrelia = 16.2). the number of infected ticks remained high in june, but decreased notably in july, august, and september. ...	1987	3687924
susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat (sigmodon hispidus) to the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	the susceptibility of the hispid cotton rat, sigmodon hispidus, to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was investigated by inoculating rats with infected tick suspensions or by allowing infected ixodes scapularis nymphs to feed on them. culture of blood samples in bsk ii medium demonstrated that cotton rats developed spirochetemias that lasted for a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks and were of sufficient concentration to infect simultaneously feeding normal i. scapularis nymphs. the spiroc ...	1987	3688316
encephalitis associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi was associated with encephalitis in a horse. the horse lived in an area of wisconsin endemic for b burgdorferi infection. borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from the brain, but rabies virus was not detected in the brain. serum obtained from the horse had a b burgdorferi antibody titer of 1:2,048, but was negative for antibodies to eastern and western encephalomyelitis.	1987	3692996
arthritis and systemic disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection in a cow.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi caused arthritis, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis, and pneumonitis in a cow. spirochetes were detected by use of immunofluorescent staining in liver and lung specimens and were isolated from the liver. the carpal, stifle, and tarsal joints had marked synovial proliferation, and synovial fluid obtained from these joints had high antibody titers against b burgdorferi. the cow was from an area of wisconsin that is not endemic for borreliosis.	1987	3692999
colony formation and morphology in borrelia burgdorferi.	two strains of borrelia burgdorferi, b31 and 297, formed colonies when plated onto barbour-stoenner-kelly medium solidified with agarose (1.3%) and incubated in a candle jar at 34 degrees c. colonies differing in morphology were observed in both strains after 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. strain b31 colonies were either compact, round (mean diameter, 0.43 mm), and restricted to the surface of the agarose medium or diffuse (mean diameter, 1.80 mm) and penetrating into the solid medium. strain 297 c ...	1987	3693538
lyme disease in kentucky.		1986	3701195
transovarially acquired lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) in field-collected larval ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae).		1986	3701806
endotoxicity associated with the lyme disease borrelia: recent findings.	the endotoxicity of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, a tick-borne spirochetosis, was studied using limulus assay and pyrogen test in rabbit. some suspensions of ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini associated borrelia were able to gelify limulus lysate and demonstrated a febrile response in rabbit. these findings and other recent data demonstrating an endotoxin-like activity of the lyme disease agent are discussed in the context of the pathogenic mechanisms of the illness.	1986	3713546
longitudinal assessment of the clinical and epidemiological features of lyme disease in a defined population.	from 1979 to 1983, lyme disease was studied longitudinally in the 162 long-term residents of great island, massachusetts. in retrospect, the index case occurred in 1962, and the peak years of disease transmission (about three new cases per 100 residents per year) were the late 1970s. thereafter, during the period of active surveillance, attack rates declined by half. altogether, 26 (16%) of the 162 residents developed symptoms of the disease. most of those affected had erythema chronicum migrans ...	1986	3722867
lyme disease on the nsw south coast.		1986	3724608
spirochetal diseases of the cns.	the neurotropism of the spirochete is evident from the above discussions of syphilis, lyme disease, leptospirosis, and relapsing fever. in all of these diseases, the organism very likely enters the cns very early in the course of the disease. the fate of the organism then depends on the virulence of the spirochete, the host defenses, and any antibiotic treatment administered. why treponema pallidum lays dormant in the cns and then somehow reactivates is a mystery; the same mystery occurs in lyme ...	1986	3724737
[progressive borreliosis: a rare variation of lyme disease].		1986	3725378
[erythema migrans. the clinical spectrum of borrelia burgdorferi infection].	17 patients with acute and chronic symptoms of borrelia burgdorferi infection are described. these cases, which were diagnosed within a short period of time at the männedorf-zürich hospital, suggest that erythema migrans disease is likely to be frequent in switzerland as well as elsewhere.	1986	3726507
lyme disease associated with optic neuropathy.	a 53-year-old man is described in whom ischemic optic neuropathy was part of the clinical picture of lyme disease. this finding has not previously been reported as a neurologic manifestation of the disease. such a complication could result from direct tissue invasion of the causative spirochete or may be due to immune-mediated inflammation.	1986	3728541
septal panniculitis as a manifestation of lyme disease.	a 22-year-old woman presented with fever, chills, photophobia, and headaches, followed by a centrally clearing erythematous skin eruption, migratory polyarthralgias, conjunctivitis, and subsequently, tender, nodular skin lesions. antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were consistent with acute lyme disease. skin biopsy revealed acute septal panniculitis. this dermatologic manifestation has not been previously described in lyme disease.	1986	3728543
neurologic abnormalities in lyme disease without erythema chronicum migrans.	the clinical features in eight patients with neurologic abnormalities typical of lyme disease and elevated titers of antibody to the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, its causative agent, are described. none of the patients had the diagnostic skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans. lyme arthritis, the other clinical marker for the disease, developed subsequently in only three. the neurologic abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuritis, motor and sensory radiculitis ...	1986	3728556
lyme disease simulating septic arthritis.		1986	3735647
[lyme disease].		1986	3743437
[borrelia-associated dermatoses].	erythema chronicum migrans (e.c.m.), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (a.c.a.) and lymphadenosis benigna cutis (l.b.c.) are infectious diseases according to koch's criteria, after the infectious agent-borrelia-burgdorferi-could could be isolated. clinic, pathology and therapy of these three diseases are presented in detail. the correlation to the lyme disease is being discussed. we believe that e.c.m., a.c.a. and l.b.c. are different entities determined by the virulence of the infectious agen ...	1986	3744416
passive immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with the lyme disease spirochete.	hamsters passively immunized with as little as 0.0125 ml of immune rabbit serum (indirect fluorescent-antibody titer, 1:8,192) were protected from challenge with 1,000 50% infective doses of borrelia burgdorferi. cross-protection studies with minnesota and connecticut isolates of b. burgdorferi indicated no major differences in their capacity to elicit mutually protective antibodies in rabbits.	1986	3744563
chronic arthritis of the knee in lyme disease. review of the literature and report of two cases treated by synovectomy.	the arthritis that may be a part of lyme disease, a spirochetal infection transmitted by ticks, has not been widely reported in the orthopaedic literature. established chronic arthritis in patients who have lyme disease most commonly affects the knee and may cause erosive joint disease. antibiotics given early in the course of the disease can prevent chronic arthritis. when the arthritis is established, penicillin administered intravenously is curative in as many as 55 per cent of patients, but ...	1986	3745243
polyneuritis cranialis in lyme disease.		1986	3746335
specificity of csf antibodies against components of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth.	the specificity of immunoglobulin (ig) for components of borrelia burgdorferi was investigated in cerebrospinal fluid (csf), serum and in csf oligoclonal bands from nine patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (mpn-gbb). all patients showed specific igg and igm antibodies in serum and csf when incubated with a lysate of b. burgdorferi strain b 31. specific antibody was detected in csf but not in paired serum samples, indicating intrathecal synthesis. investigation of the speci ...	1986	3746362
cardiac involvement in lyme disease: manifestations and management.	cardiac involvement in lyme disease may manifest as atrioventricular block, myopericarditis, and left ventricular dysfunction. diagnosis depends on recognition of the systemic nature of lyme disease, including cardiac involvement, and its natural history. serologic tests that are both sensitive and specific may aid in diagnosis. although current recommendations for the treatment of lyme disease with carditis include antibiotics and salicylates or corticosteroids, these types of therapy have not ...	1986	3747616
lyme disease.		1986	3747983
[lyme disease (erythema migrans disease)].		1986	3750228
lyme disease: an infectious disease which results from the bite of a certain species of tick.		1986	3751100
lyme disease: its neurologic manifestations and its presentation in wisconsin.		1986	3751101
lyme-disease meningitis treated with tetracycline.		1986	3752778
[lyme disease].		2012	3759132
concurrent borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infection in nymphal ixodes dammini.	ixodes dammini nymphs were examined for evidence of concurrent infection with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti. a total of 19 nymphs (18.6%) from nantucket island were simultaneously infected, as were 24 nymphs (8.2%) from naushon island. these observations are consistent with a common reservoir host for both i. dammini-transmitted pathogens.	1986	3760136
newly recognized leptospira species ("leptospira inadai" serovar lyme) isolated from human skin.	leptospira strain 10, which represents a new leptospira species, was isolated from a skin biopsy of a patient with lyme disease. although pathogenic for laboratory animals, the organism was not considered to have a significant role in the patient's illness.	1986	3760144
lyme disease on the nsw central coast.		1986	3762468
optic disc edema and lyme disease.	a seven-year-old child developed a febrile rash, migratory arthritis, and neurologic signs. three days earlier, the child had been bitten by a tick. an eye examination two months later revealed bilateral papilledema, although the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 170 mm. the igm antibody titer for the ixodes dammini spirochete was 1:256. i dammini is the tick vector for the borrelia spirochete that causes lyme disease. the papilledema receded with treatment over a month's time, and bilateral pigm ...	1986	3767210
borrelia isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in a french case of lyme disease.		1986	3767472
lyme disease: new insights.		1986	3770244
childhood lyme arthritis: experience in an endemic area.	we report 25 children with oligoarticular arthritis associated with lyme disease. there were 16 boys (male/female ratio 1.8:1); ages ranged from 2 to 15 years. thirteen (52%) children had no history of erythema chronicum migrans or other rash. thirteen had temperatures as high as 41 degrees c for up to 2 months before the onset of arthritis. twelve recalled definite tick bites. ten (40%) children, of whom seven had no history of rash, were hospitalized for presumed septic arthritis. another four ...	1986	3772655
complete heart block due to lyme disease.		1986	3773971
bannwarth's syndrome and lyme disease in finland.	three patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis were admitted in 1983-84 to the department of neurology, university central hospital of helsinki. two patients had classical bannwarth's meningoradiculitis with facial diplegia, and a third patient showed a migrating arthralgia and cardiac involvement compatible with a diagnosis of lyme disease. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) showed initially in all patients a lymphocytic pleocytosis and increased protein with signs of intrathecal igg synthesis.	1986	3775270
lyme carditis. electrophysiologic and histopathologic study.	to further define the nature of lyme carditis, electrophysiologic study and endomyocardial biopsy were performed in a patient with lyme disease, whose principal cardiac manifestation was high-degree atrioventricular block. intracardiac recording demonstrated supra-hisian block and complete absence of an escape mechanism. gallium 67 scanning demonstrated myocardial uptake, and right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed active lymphocytic myocarditis. a structure compatible with a spirocheta ...	1986	3776998
active immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with borrelia burgdorferi.	the immunogenicity of a single dose of a whole-cell vaccine of inactivated borrelia burgdorferi hsf (human spinal fluid isolate) was evaluated. syrian hamsters were vaccinated subcutaneously and challenged by the intraperitoneal injection of 1,000 50% infectious doses of b. burgdorferi hsf 30 or 90 days postvaccination. animals were sacrificed 14 days after challenge, and the kidneys and spleens were examined for spirochetes by cultural procedures. at 30 days postvaccination, 86 to 100% protecti ...	1986	3781630
[erythema migrans disease (lyme disease, erythema migrans borreliosis)].		1986	3785032
[disease (lyme disease) in pediatric patients in switzerland caused by spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) of ixodes ricinus].	lyme disease in children is studied in the light of questionnaires sent out twice to departments and divisions of pediatrics in switzerland. thirty-six serologically proven cases were collected. the 48 clinical signs attributed to lyme disease involved the skin in 40%, the nervous system in 40%, and the joints in 20%. they were erythema chronicum migrans (13), lymphocytoma (4), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (2), peripheral facial palsy (14), sensomotor radiculoneuritis (2), meningoencephal ...	1986	3787225
[the first serologic detection of lyme disease in children in czechoslovakia].		1986	3791470
arthritis and panuveitis as manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection in a wisconsin pony.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi caused panuveitis and arthritis in a pony. spirochetes were detected by direct immunofluorescence in the anterior chamber of the eye. the carpal joints had severe degenerative joint disease, with synovial proliferation. the synovium and serum had b burgdorferi antibody titers of 1:1024. the pony lived in an area of wisconsin where infection with b burgdorferi is endemic in human beings. previously, serum antibodies to b burgdorferi had been found in horses, bu ...	1986	3793582
[subacute tick-borne spirochetosis. lyme disease].		1986	3798428
[burgdorfer's borreliosis or lyme disease. the first luxembourg cases].		1986	3802363
[enlarged spectrum of tick transmitted spirochaetoses].	after the successful identification of borrelia burgdorferi as the cause of lyme disease, a new tick-borne infection occurring in the united states, almost identical spirochaetes have been isolated from the tick ixodes ricinus in europe. as a result, the spirochaetal aetiology of skin diseases, which had long been recognized as tick-borne infections, namely erythema chronicum migrans with its neurological complications of the tick-borne meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth, acrodermat ...	1986	3804731
lyme arthritis in children. an orthopaedic perspective.	the cases of forty-three children with clinical and serological evidence of lyme arthritis that was diagnosed between august 1983 and july 1985 were evaluated. the mean length of follow-up was twenty months, with a range of five to thirty months. all of the children lived in or had visited an area where the disease was known to be endemic. arthritis was the presenting feature in more than half of the children, and half of the children had initially consulted an orthopaedic surgeon, none of whom ...	1987	3805076
meningopolyneuritis bannwarth with focal nodular myositis. a new aspect in lyme borreliosis.	a patient with serologically confirmed infection by borrelia burgdorferi presenting with painful paresis and atrophy of the proximal muscles of both upper extremities and bilateral facial paresis is described. electromyography showed a neurogenic and myopathic pattern, and creatine kinase was raised. muscle biopsy revealed the typical signs of focal myositis. treatment with i.v. penicillin led to dramatic clinical and serological improvement. muscle biopsy was repeated 2 months later; neurogenic ...	1986	3807266
lyme disease: a mimicker of juvenile arthritis.		2013	3807671
[lyme disease--a "new" disease (or: diseases also have a history)].		1986	3811406
the surgical pathology of human lyme disease. an enlarging picture.	lyme disease is a multisystems infectious disorder caused by the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. infection occurs by ticks feeding on mammalian hosts, including humans. the distribution of the tick and spirochete is world-wide and is especially prevalent where there are large deer populations. the disease is seen in three stages. stage i is a cutaneous rash (erythema chronicum migrans) consisting of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates around dermal vessels. stage ii is characterized by varying forms ...	1987	3812878
reservoir competence of white-footed mice for lyme disease spirochetes.	using the vector tick, ixodes dammini, we described the reservoir competence of the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. nymphal i. dammini were used to infect mammals, and larval ticks were used to diagnose infection (a form of xenodiagnosis). one tick was nearly as efficient as more than 1 in transmitting the spirochete to mice. the duration of the prepatent period was about 1 week. prevalence of infection approached 100% in ticks that ...	1987	3812887
[cardiac manifestations of lyme disease].	three cases of lyme's disease with cardiac involvement are reported. one patient had myocarditis complicated by symptomatic complete av block and two patients had asymptomatic 1st degree av block. there were no abnormalities on echocardiography. the cardiac changes occurred between the 18th and 40th day after the onset of the disease and persisted 10 days: however these conduction defects may vary within a few hours. a rapid and complete cure was obtained with antibiotic therapy.	2013	3813267
[lyme disease. apropos of a case in children].	a case of lyme disease with purely neurological manifestations is reported in an 11 year-old girl. positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology allowed for diagnosis. treatment with penicillin led to favourable outcome. atypical manifestations and treatment of lyme disease are reviewed.	1986	3813800
isolation of antigenic components from the lyme disease spirochete: their role in early diagnosis.	patients with early lyme disease produce igm antibodies to a 41,000-dalton polypeptide of borrelia burgdorferi. with advancing disease, igg antibodies recognize a larger number of spirochetal polypeptides. sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of spirochetes at a concentration of 0.03% resulted in an outer envelope (oe) fraction in the supernatant and a protoplasmic cylinder (pc) flagellar fraction in the pellet. shearing of the pc pellet followed by ultrafiltration and dialysis resulted in a flagell ...	1987	3819479
chronic progressive neurological involvement in borrelia burgdorferi infection.	five patients with chronic meningitis were hospitalized several times for progressive neurological symptoms. the clinical manifestations included cranial neuritis, radiculoneuritis, myelitis and encephalitis. in two cases cerebral infarction occurred. the course was commonly characterized by a tendency to deteriorate. from the clinical point of view, it was repeatedly difficult to exclude multiple sclerosis or tuberculous meningitis. finally, specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi were ...	1987	3819785
[tick-borne borreliosis. a case of chronic meningoencephalitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3824285
[meningoradiculitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3824286
[lyme disease--a new nosologic unit].		1987	3824941
oral infection of peromyscus maniculatus with borrelia burgdorferi and subsequent transmission by ixodes dammini.	we determined if deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) could be infected by borrelia burgdorferi and develop sufficient spirochetemia to infect larval ixodes dammini. ten p. maniculatus were infected orally with 0.05 ml phosphate buffered saline containing approximately 400 b. burgdorferi. on days 21 or 28 after infection (ai) larval i. dammini were fed on the deer mice. each of the p. maniculatus developed antibodies (up to 7 log2) to b. burgdorferi and b. burgdorferi was isolated from the blood o ...	1987	3826500
a case of lyme disease in a 9-year-old black male.		1987	3827964
[discovery of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi)].		1985	3842700
[lyme disease].		1985	3843405
atypical lyme disease or forme fruste.		1985	3849656
lyme disease: a case report from south carolina.		1985	3861912
ecology of ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and lyme disease.		1985	3882050
caveats on using nonstandardized serologic tests for lyme disease.		2014	3882753
the global distribution of lyme disease.	erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ...	1985	3885366
rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the igm-specific dot-elisa: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.	the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (ma test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the republic of panama, 102 sera were positive in the ma test and 93 of these sera were positive in the igm-specific dot-elisa. incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the ma test and 48 of 68 in the igm dot-elisa. five ma test-positive sera were reactive only in the igg-specific dot-elis ...	1985	3885773
babesiosis in wisconsin. a new focus of disease transmission.	a confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in august 1983 in a 54-year-old asplenic wisconsin resident. babesia microti was identified as the causative agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. the patient's wife had clinically confirmed lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence (immunofluorescent antibody to a b microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent babesia infection in august 1983. mice (peromyscus species) trapped on the patients' property and elsewhere ...	1985	3886942
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].	the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...	1985	3894183