Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children. | to evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in the treatment of cholera in children aged 1-8 years, a randomised clinical trial was conducted at a diarrhoea treatment centre in bangladesh from december 1991 to june 1992. fifteen children received erythromycin, 50 mg/kg per day, in four equally divided doses, 18 children received 10 mg/kg per day of trimethoprim and 50 mg/kg per day of sulphamethoxazole in two equally divided doses (12 hourly) for five da ... | 1996 | 9203786 |
| differentiation of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates with biochemical fingerprinting and comparison with ribotyping. | the phene plate (php) system is a commercially available typing system based on the measurements of kinetics of selected biochemical reactions of bacteria grown in liquid medium in 96-well microplates. the system uses numerical analysis to identify biochemical phenotypes among the tested strains. in the present study, a set of 16 discriminatory tests were used to differentiate 117 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 from mexico and bangladesh. the stability of php types of 16 isolates under different ... | 1996 | 9203787 |
| rapid detection of cholera toxin gene of vibrio cholerae o1 by polymerase chain reaction. | 1996 | 9206089 | |
| bromelain prevents secretion caused by vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli enterotoxins in rabbit ileum in vitro. | diarrhea is a major cause of illness and death in children and young animals. the aim of this study was to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of bromelain, a proteolytic extract obtained from pineapple stems on bacterial toxin and second-messenger agonist-induced intestinal secretion. | 1997 | 9207276 |
| epidemic cholera among refugees in malawi, africa: treatment and transmission. | between 23 august and 15 december 1990 an epidemic of cholera affected mozambican refugees in malawi causing 1931 cases (attack rate = 2.4%); 86% of patients had arrived in malawi < 3 months before illness onset. there were 68 deaths (case-fatality rate = 3.5%); most deaths (63%) occurred within 24 h of hospital admission which may have indicated delayed presentation to health facilities and inadequate early rehydration. mortality was higher in children < 4 years old and febrile deaths may have ... | 1997 | 9207730 |
| synthesis of methyl alpha-glycosides of some higher oligosaccharide fragments of the o-antigen of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype inaba and ogawa. | the title oligosaccharides, the tri- through the hexasaccharide in the inaba series and the penta- and the hexasaccharide in the ogawa series, have been synthesized using 1-thioglycosides of precursors to 3-o-benzyl-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannose) as building blocks and n-iodosuccinimide/silver triflate as a promoter. the azido groups in the assembled oligosaccharides were reduced to amino groups, which were then acylated using 2,4-o-benzylidene-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid as the ... | 1997 | 9210300 |
| surface display of the cholera toxin b subunit on staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus. | the heterologous surface expression of the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) from vibro cholerae in two staphylococcal species, staphylococcus xylosus and staphylococcus carnosus, has been investigated. the gene encoding native ctb (103 amino acids) was introduced into gene constructs encoding chimeric receptors designed to be translocated and anchored on the outer cell surface of the staphylococci. since functionality of ctb is correlated with its ability to form pentamers and the capacity of the p ... | 1997 | 9212399 |
| regulation, replication, and integration functions of the vibrio cholerae ctxphi are encoded by region rs2. | ctxphi is a filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin, one of the principal virulence factors of vibrio cholerae. ctxphi is unusual among filamentous phages because it can either replicate as a plasmid or integrate into the v. cholerae chromosome at a specific site. the ctxphi genome has two regions, the 'core' and rs2. integrated ctxphi is frequently flanked by an element known as rs1 which is related to rs2. the nucleotide sequences of rs2 and rs1 were determined. these related elements con ... | 1997 | 9220000 |
| immune response to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin in patients with cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 and o0139. | the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) is a type 4 pilus present in vibrio cholerae o1 strains of the el tor biotype, as well as in strains of serogroup o139. it has been shown to be a colonization antigen in animal models. the aim of this study was to investigate systemic and local antibody responses to msha in adult patients with cholera due to v. cholerae o1 and o139. twenty-four of 28 (86%) patients with o1 cholera and 11 of 17 (65%) patients with o139 cholera showed significant increase ... | 1997 | 9220159 |
| [the possibility of colonizing the intestines of white mice with lactobacillus acidophilus during bacterial therapy]. | the study revealed the possibility, on principle, for l. acidophilus strain vkm v-2020 d to colonize the intestine of white mice with the preservation of the viability of lactobacilli subjected to the action of antibiotics. the culture of this strain, isolated from the animals, showed the stability of its biological properties: resistance to polymyxin m, kanamycin, cyprofloxacin, nalidixic acid (including acquired resistance to rifampicin), as well as pronounced antagonism with respect to vibrio ... | 1997 | 9221664 |
| longus pilus of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and its relatedness to other type-4 pili--a minireview. | longus is a long pilus produced by human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) which shares significant structural and biochemical features with class-b type-4 pili. these pili include the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae, the bundle-forming pilus (bfp) of enteropathogenic e. coli and both longus and the colonization factor antigen iii (cfa/iii) of etec. these pili are produced under defined growth conditions indicating that they are under the control of different regulatory el ... | 1997 | 9224872 |
| the tcp gene cluster of vibrio cholerae. | the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) has been identified as a critical colonization factor in both animal models and humans for vibrio cholerae o1. the major pilin subunit, tcpa (and also tcpb), is similar to type-4 pilins but tcp probably more appropriately belongs to a sub-class which includes the bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. the genes for tcp biosynthesis and assembly are clustered with the exception of housekeeping functions such as tcpg (=dsba, a periplasmic disu ... | 1997 | 9224875 |
| translocation failure in a type-4 pilin operon: rfb and tcpt mutants in vibrio cholerae. | defined chromosomal mutations that lead to assembly failure of the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae provide useful insights into the biogenesis of a type-4 pilus. mutants in rfb affecting lps o-antigen biosynthesis, and strains depleted of the cytoplasmic membrane-associated atp-binding protein tcpt, provide contrasting tcp export-defective phenotypes acting at different locations. mutants in the perosamine biosynthesis pathway of v. cholerae 569b result in an rfb phenotype with ... | 1997 | 9224876 |
| domains within the vibrio cholerae toxin coregulated pilin subunit that mediate bacterial colonization. | several experimental approaches have provided evidence suggesting that a domain within the c-terminal region of the tcpa pilin, delineated by the single disulfide loop, is directly responsible for the colonization function mediated by the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae. this evidence includes the mapping of domains recognized by protective monoclonal antibodies to this region, the ability of peptides from within this region to elicit cholera protective antibody, the constructio ... | 1997 | 9224877 |
| cloning, characterization, and chromosomal mapping of a phospholipase (lecithinase) produced by vibrio cholerae. | phospholipases are associated with virulence in bacterial diseases. vibrio cholerae produces a phospholipase (lecithinase), with enzyme production visualized as a zone of clearing around colonies plated on egg yolk agar. the role of phospholipase in gut colonization or disease pathogenesis is unknown. we used the egg yolk agar assay to clone and characterize a gene encoding a phospholipase from v. cholerae el tor strain e7946. sequence analysis revealed a 1,254-bp open reading frame (lec) encodi ... | 1997 | 9234762 |
| oral immunization with attenuated vaccine strains of vibrio cholerae expressing a dodecapeptide repeat of the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein fused to the cholera toxin b subunit induces systemic and mucosal antiamebic and anti-v. cholerae antibody responses in mice. | entamoeba histolytica is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. the serine-rich e. histolytica protein (srehp) is a surface-expressed trophozoite protein that includes multiple hydrophilic tandem repeats. a purified fusion protein between the dodecapeptide repeat of srehp and cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) has previously been shown to be immunogenic in mice after oral inoculation when cholera toxin is coadministered as an immunoadjuvant. we engineered a live attenuated el tor v ... | 1997 | 9234763 |
| interaction of escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin b with cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. | binding of escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin b (stb) to the human intestinal epithelial cell lines t84 and ht29 and to polarized t84 cells was studied to define the initial interaction of this peptide toxin with target cells. equilibrium and competitive binding isotherms showed that 125i-stb bound specifically to t84 and ht29 cells; however, the toxin-epithelial cell interactions could be characterized by low-affinity binding (< or = 10(5) m(-1)) to a high number of binding sites (> or = ... | 1997 | 9234777 |
| adherence of vibrio cholerae to cultured differentiated human intestinal cells: an in vitro colonization model. | choleragenic vibrios adhered to and multiplied on monolayers of the highly differentiated mucin-secreting cell line ht29-18n2. their adherence followed first-order kinetics, was dependent on the concentration of vibrios, and was partially inhibited by lipopolysaccharide. comparison of genetically modified vibrios showed that flagella, an active toxr gene, and the virulence cassette were not essential for initial binding. inactivation of the hemagglutinin/protease increased binding. this highly d ... | 1997 | 9234816 |
| [presence and diffusion of vibrio cholerae in aquatic environment]. | 1996 | 9235016 | |
| molecular epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from colombia. | a total of 173 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates from the recent cholera epidemic in colombia was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the genes encoding the a subunit of cholera toxin (ctxa) and the zonula occludens toxin (zot), and by ribotyping. all isolates were positive for ctx a and zot, which was confirmed by hybridisation. ribotyping with restriction endonuclease bg/i digestion of total dna revealed three ribotypes: b5a comprising 165 (96.4%) isolates, and two new designated rib ... | 1997 | 9236746 |
| leukosialin (cd43) is proteolytically cleaved from stimulated hmc-1 cells. | leukosialin (cd43), the major sialoprotein on circulating leukocytes, has been previously described to be down-regulated on neutrophils following activation with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). the other single cells previously examined, blood lymphocytes, do not down-regulate cd43 when stimulated by pma. recently, we have characterized leukosialin on the human mast cell line hmc-1 and observed that leukosialin is down-regulated after stimulation with pma. in the present study, we have investig ... | 1997 | 9241533 |
| survival in a cruel world: how vibrio cholerae and salmonella respond to an unwilling host. | 1997 | 9242485 | |
| [the characteristics of the protectiveness of a preparation of vibrio cholerae outer membrane based on the data from a study using the ligated intestinal loop]. | the study aimed at finding out the antiadhesive capacity of antigenic preparation, earlier obtained from v. cholerae outer membrane and highly effective with respect to cholera infection, was undertaken. the study was made on previously immunized adult rabbits who had been subjected to laparotomy under anesthesia and the ligation of intestinal loops, subsequently inoculated with the broth culture of v. cholerae eltor (p-3122, serovar ogawa). the intestinal loops were studied histologically and b ... | 1997 | 9245140 |
| mode of primary binding to target membranes and pore formation induced by vibrio cholerae cytolysin (hemolysin). | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is produced by many non-choleratoxigenic strains of v. cholerae, and possibly represents a relevant pathogenicity determinant of these bacteria. the protein is secreted as a pro-toxin that is proteolytically cleaved to yield the active toxin with a molecular mass of approximately 63 kda. we here describe a simple procedure for preparative isolation of mature vcc from bacterial culture supernatants, and present information on its mode of binding and pore formation ... | 1997 | 9249028 |
| structural studies on the short-chain lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | a vibrio cholerae o139 strain, mo10-t4, lacking capsular polysaccharide, produces a short-chain lipopolysaccharide (lps), similar to enterobacterial sr strains. it was studied by acidic and alkaline degradation, dephosphorylation, sugar and methylation analysis, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, one- and two-dimensional 1h-, 13c-, and 31p-nmr spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. the following structure was proposed for the core region of the lps: [structure: ... | 1997 | 9249053 |
| synthesis of the dodecasaccharide fragment representing the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa, bearing an aglycon offering flexibility for chemical linking to proteins. | two azidohexasaccharide building blocks, of which the glycosyl acceptor was the 5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyl glycoside, were coupled using the trichloroacetimidate technology. the 12 azido functions present in the dodecasaccharide thus formed were then converted to amino groups using hydrogen sulfide as a reducing reagent. subsequent n-acylation with 4-o-benzyl-l-glycero-tetronic acid, followed by catalytic debenzylation yielded the desired spacer-equipped, title dodecasaccharide. | 1997 | 9249140 |
| effect of alum on free-living and copepod-associated vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | the effects of alum [kal(so4)2] on free-living and copepod-associated vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 were investigated by using plate counts and immunofluorescence direct viable counting (dvc). growth of alum-treated cells in 0.5/1000 instant ocean seawater was inhibited, i.e., no growth was obtained on luria-bertani (lb) agar or thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose (tcbs) agar. however, a significant number of the inhibited cells maintained viability, as measured by dvc. in comparison, a signific ... | 1997 | 9251224 |
| conversion by peyer's patch lymphocytes of human enterocytes into m cells that transport bacteria. | the epithelium that lines the gut is impermeable to macromolecules and microorganisms, except in peyer's patches (pps), where the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium (fae) contains m cells that transport antigens and microorganisms. a cultured system that reproduces the main characteristics of fae and m cells was established by cultivation of pp lymphocytes with the differentiated human intestinal cell line caco-2. lymphocytes settled into the epithelial monolayer, inducing reorganization of ... | 1997 | 9252325 |
| bacterial diarrhea in laos, a region where cholera was endemic. | there were cholera outbreaks in lao pdr since 1993. two provinces were epidemic areas of cholera in 1993. however the area of cholera occurrence increased to 7 provinces through 1994. then a bacterial survey had done for the purpose of public health improvement. epec was markedly isolated from the hospital in vientiane. in apparent infection of salmonella and non-01 vibrio cholerae with soldiers stationed in the island in mekong river belong to vientiane were pointed out. the outbreak of diarrhe ... | 1996 | 9253874 |
| a rapid method for restriction analysis of large plasmids from enteric pathogens. | a modified version of the method of kado and liu (j bacteriol 1981, 145: 1365) has been developed for rapid detection and direct cleavage analysis of large plasmids from vibrio cholerae and other enteric pathogens. | 1996 | 9257344 |
| immobilization of reducing sugars as toxin binding agents. | a simple and economical procedure for the attachment of reducing sugars to aminated solid supports has been developed. reaction of the amino groups on the solid support with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate, followed by 1,6-hexanediamine, yields a chain-extended amine to which reducing sugars can be attached while remaining accessible to macromolecules. immobilization of the reducing sugars involves a simple incubation followed by trapping of the resulting glycosylamine with acetic anhydride and reco ... | 1997 | 9258442 |
| cholera in 1996. | in 1996, vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor continued to occur in all regions of the world (map 1). the decrease in the number of cases observed since 1994 continued in 1996, with a total of 143 349 cases and 6689 deaths officially reported to who. the decrease in the number of cases is not reflected in the global case-fatality rate (cfr), which increased to 4.7% compared with 2.4% in 1995. the number of countries reporting cholera to who decreased from 78 in 1995 to 71 in 1996 (table 1 and figs. ... | 1997 | 9260522 |
| molecular cloning and functional analysis of an rpos homologue gene from vibrio cholerae n86. | a homologue of the rpos gene of escherichia coli was cloned from vibrio cholerae n86 by complementation of the phenotypes of the e. coli rpos mutant strain. we determined the dna sequence of this gene. sequence alignments have indicated that the rpos gene of v. cholerae n86 encoding a 39-kda protein is very similar to that of e. coli. in addition, the nlpd-like gene was found in the upstream region of the rpos gene in the same order as in e. coli. these results suggest that the organization of t ... | 1997 | 9265738 |
| tissue-specific heterogeneity in alpha-dystroglycan sialoglycosylation. skeletal muscle alpha-dystroglycan is a latent receptor for vicia villosa agglutinin b4 masked by sialic acid modification. | because the polypeptide core of alpha-dystroglycan is encoded by a single gene, the difference in apparent molecular mass between alpha-dystroglycans expressed in various tissues is presumably due to differential glycosylation. however, little is presently known about the tissue-specific differences in alpha-dystroglycan glycosylation and whether these modifications may confer functional variability to alpha-dystroglycan. we recently observed that laminin-1 binding to skeletal muscle alpha-dystr ... | 1997 | 9268382 |
| cholera. | 1997 | 9269227 | |
| antibiotic-resistant vibrio cholerae in parangipettai coastal environs, south east india. | this study was undertaken to determine the comparative incidence of drug-resistant vibrio cholerae non-01 in the environmental samples (water, sediment, and plankton) and in the seafood samples (finfish, shellfish, and crustacean) of estuarine, coastal, and mangrove communities. a total of 770 v. cholerae isolates were examined--all of the strains were sensitive to 100% against cephalothin (30 mcg), chloramphenical (30 mcg), and polymyxin-b (300 mcg). however, all of the strains isolated form en ... | 1997 | 9270997 |
| inhibition of in vitro growth of enteropathogens by new lactobacillus isolates of human intestinal origin. | three human lactobacillus strains, coded b21060, b21070 and b21190, have recently been isolated. the strains show a series of features (acid and bile resistance, adhesion to various types of mucosal cell) which make them particularly promising for the preparation of probiotic products. in the present study, the ability of the strains to inhibit the growth of pathogens in coculture was investigated. lactobacilli were incubated simultaneously or after one overnight growth with enterotoxigenic esch ... | 1997 | 9271875 |
| rearrangements in the genomes of vibrio cholerae strains belonging to different serovars and biovars. | the intron-encoded enzyme i-ceui provides an excellent tool for rapidly examining the organization of genomes of related species of bacteria. vibrio cholerae strains belonging to serovars o1 and o139 have 9 i-ceui sites in their genomes, and v. cholerae strains belonging to serovars non-o1 and non-o139 have 10 i-ceui sites in their genomes. this information can be used as a criterion to differentiate o1 strains from non-o1 and non-o139 strains. to our knowledge, intraspecies variation in the num ... | 1997 | 9272984 |
| pathogenic vibrios in the natural aquatic environment. | in recent years, members belonging to the genus vibrio of the family vibrionaceae have acquired increasing importance because of the association of several of its members with human disease. the most feared of the vibrio species is vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, a devastating disease of global significance. other important vibrios of medical importance are v. parahemolyticus, v. vulnificus, v. mimicus, and to a lesser extent v. fluvialis, v. furnissii, v. hollisae, and v. damse ... | 1997 | 9273923 |
| molecular analysis of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 bengal strains isolated in bangladesh between 1993 and 1996: evidence for emergence of a new clone of the bengal vibrios. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged in 1992 and rapidly spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of v. cholerae o1 in bangladesh during 1992 and 1993. the subsequent emergence of a new clone of v. cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype that transiently displaced the o139 vibrios during 1994 to 1995 and the recent reemergence of v. cholerae o139 and its coexistence with the el tor vibrios demonstrated temporal changes in the epidemiology of cholera in bangladesh. we studied cl ... | 1997 | 9276406 |
| comparative sensitivity of 13 species of pathogenic bacteria to seven chemical germicides. | the relative resistance of diverse human bacterial pathogens to commonly used germicidal agents has not been established. | 1997 | 9276546 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae 0139 phages to develop a phage typing scheme. | five v. cholerae 0139 phages isolated from different parts of india have been used for phage typing study. a strain isolated from nagpur city (npr-4) was used as the host for phage propagation. all but one of the 260 strains of v. cholerae 0139 were found to be typeable and could be clustered into 8 distinct phage types as revealed by lytic patterns. phage type 1 was the predominant type (61.15%) followed by type 2 (18.46%). the strains isolated from madras exhibited 7 out of 8 phage types. thes ... | 1997 | 9277036 |
| non-0:1 vibrio cholerae septicemia in thalassemia patients. | 1996 | 9280014 | |
| [effect of lidocaine on ultrastructural changes in jejunum, kidney medulla and lungs of suckling rabbits, caused by vibrio cholerae]. | 1997 | 9280513 | |
| epidemiology of foodborne diseases: a worldwide review. | acute foodborne disease infections and intoxications are much more of a concern to governments and the food industry today than a few decades ago. some of the factors that have led to this include the identification of new agents that have caused life-threatening conditions; the finding that traditional agents are being associated with foods that were of no concern previously: an increasing number of large outbreaks being reported; the impact of foodborne disease on children, the aging populatio ... | 1997 | 9282385 |
| the role of food in the epidemiology of cholera. | cholera is an acute dehydrating diarrhoeal disease, traditionally caused by vibrio cholerae o1, and also more recently by v. cholerae o139 (bengal). traditionally, water was recognized as the primary vehicle for transmission of cholera, but in the past 30 years, outbreaks of cholera associated with eating contaminated food have demonstrated that food also plays an important role, although in many instances water is the source of contamination of foods. most commonly associated with cholera is se ... | 1997 | 9282393 |
| v. cholerae 01 outbreak in remote villages of shimla district, himachal pradesh, 1994. | an outbreak of v. cholerae 01 occurred in remote villages of rohru tehsil, district shimla, himachal pradesh, during june-july 1994. seven villages were affected. overall attack rate was 16.4 per cent in surveyed villages. attack rate in children < 5 was significantly high. suspected source was spring water contaminated from open air defaecation. v. cholerae was resistant to co-trimoxazole and streptomycin. | 1997 | 9282510 |
| changing patterns of vibrio cholerae isolation over three consecutive cholera seasons (1992-1994) in east delhi. | the emergence of new strains of vibrio cholerae has added a new dimension to the variability in pathogenicity and potential virulence of the organisms precipitating diarrhoeal diseases. considering the shifting patterns of v. cholerae 01 there is a continuous need to monitor the strain characteristics. in this study total 541 stool specimens of acute secretory diarrhoea were investigated between may 1992 and november 1994 for strains of vibrio cholerae and anti-microbial susceptibility testing o ... | 1997 | 9282524 |
| comparison of immune responses in patients infected with vibrio cholerae o139 and o1. | vibrio cholerae o139 has recently emerged as the second etiologic agent of cholera in asia. a study was carried out to evaluate the induction of specific immune responses to the organism in v. cholerae o139-infected patients. the immune responses to v. cholerae o139 bengal were studied in patients by measuring antibody-secreting cells (asc), as well as vibriocidal and antitoxic antibodies in the circulation. these responses were compared with those in patients with v. cholerae o1 disease. strong ... | 1997 | 9284121 |
| vibrio mimicus attaches to the intestinal mucosa by outer membrane hemagglutinins specific to polypeptide moieties of glycoproteins. | vibrio mimicus is the closest organism to vibrio cholerae. v. mimicus e-33, which is a highly adhesive and enteropathogenic strain, is known to produce three types of hemagglutinins (has), i.e., a 31-kda exocellular metalloprotease (vm-ha/protease), lipopolysaccharide (vm-lpsha), and a 39-kda major outer membrane protein (vm-ompha). hemagglutination induced by vm-lpsha and vm-ompha was inhibited by glycoproteins, including mucin, fetuin, and asialofetuin, but not by monosaccharides, disaccharide ... | 1997 | 9284134 |
| evaluation of a bivalent (cvd 103-hgr/cvd 111) live oral cholera vaccine in adult volunteers from the united states and peru. | to provide optimum protection against classical and el tor biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1, a single-dose, oral cholera vaccine was developed by combining two live, attenuated vaccine strains, cvd 103-hgr (classical, inaba) and cvd 111 (el tor, ogawa). the vaccines were formulated in a double-chamber sachet; one chamber contained lyophilized bacteria, and the other contained buffer. in the first study, 23 u.s. adult volunteers received cvd 103-hgr at 10(8) cfu plus cvd 111 at 10(8), 10(7), or 10( ... | 1997 | 9284163 |
| minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of some antibiotics against vibrio cholerae o139 isolates from pondicherry. | the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of vibrio cholerae o139, bengal, an emerging intestinal pathogen has been determined by the kirby bauer technique and the mic values of some antibiotics against these strains by agar dilution technique. all the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and a majority was susceptible to gentamicin (95.7%) and nalidixic acid (82.9%). only 51% were susceptible to cefotaxime and most strains were resistant to furazolidone (95.7%), ampi ... | 1997 | 9287939 |
| [the status of antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 0:1 in ecuador]. | 1997 | 9289622 | |
| antimicrobial activity of terminalia macroptera root. | terminalia macroptera guill et perr. (combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in guinea-bissau and other west african countries to treat infectious diseases. the ethanol extract from t. macroptera decorticated root and their liquid-liquid partition fractions, were screened for antimicrobial activity, by the twofold serial microdilution assay against seven reference bacterial strains and against candida albicans. the extract and fractions showed some activity against at least one of the test micr ... | 1997 | 9292414 |
| signal transduction and transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of iron-regulated genes in bacteria. | iron is an essential element for nearly all living cells. thus, the ability of bacteria to utilize iron is a crucial survival mechanism independent of the ecological niche in which the microorganism lives, because iron is scarce both in potential biological hosts, where it is bound by high-affinity iron-binding proteins, and in the environment, where it is present as part of insoluble complex hydroxides. therefore, pathogens attempting to establish an infection and environmental microorganisms m ... | 1997 | 9293185 |
| [some immunochemical and immunobiological properties of vibrio cholerae serovar 0139 capsule antigen]. | capsular antigen (c-antigen) was isolated from culture fluid of v. cholerae serovar 0139 strain p16064 4-fold fractionation by (nh4)2so4 after weinblatt (1980). electrophoretic separation in paag-sds revealed two protein subunits with molecular weights 38 +/- 2 and 61 +/- 2 kd in the c-antigen and whole-cell lysates of two strains (mo45 and p16064) of v. cholerae serovar 0139. murine polyclonal anticapsular antibodies reacted with these protein subunits in immunoblotting, as well as with two rap ... | 1997 | 9297105 |
| conservation of cholera toxin gene in a strain of cholera toxin non-producing vibrio cholerae o1. | bt23, a vibrio cholerae o1 e1 tor isolate, possesses the cholera toxin (ct) gene as determined by pcr. however, ct was not detected in the culture medium by the reversed passive latex agglutination test, nor in the whole cell lysate as examined by western blotting. the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) was not detected by western blotting. this suggests the presence of defects in the regulatory cascade. toxr, toxs and toxt, members of the regulatory cascade, were examined by pcr. toxr and toxs were ... | 1997 | 9297828 |
| cloning and sequencing of the genes for n-acetylglucosamine use that construct divergent operons (nage-nagac) from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | a 7.2-kb genomic dna fragment containing n-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase gene (naga) was cloned from the chitinase-producing bacterium vibrio cholerae non-o1 strain 1148a (ifo 15429). sequence analysis of the dna fragment found three other complete open reading frames (orfs) and the 5' end of an orf. amino acid sequences of two orfs, orf2 and orf4, showed similarity with that of nagc, the repressor of nag operons and that of nage, n-acetylglucosamine-specific transporter ii(nag) of p ... | 1997 | 9301118 |
| hemagglutination is a novel biological function of lipopolysaccharide (lps), as seen with the vibrio cholerae o139 lps. | it has been generally thought that the polysaccharide moiety of lipopolysaccharide (lps) maintains only serological specificity, while the lipid a portion determines various biological functions. however, we found that hemagglutination was a common function of the polysaccharide moiety of lpss from important human enteropathogenic bacteria. of the lpss examined, vibrio cholerae o139 lps showed the highest hemagglutinating activity. glycoproteins, such as mucin and fetuin, showed efficient inhibi ... | 1997 | 9302213 |
| [the problem of the clinico-etiological classification of diseases caused by vibrios and the evaluation of the epidemiological significance of different ecovars of vibrio cholerae eltor]. | 1997 | 9304318 | |
| [a comparative study of the immunogenicity of a bacterial mass and of the cell membranes of vibrio cholerae grown in vivo and in vitro]. | the comparative study of the immunogenic and protective properties of v. cholerae, grown in vivo and in vitro, and cell walls and lysates obtained from these organisms. in the mouse protection test the efficacy of preparations obtained from vibrios grown in vivo did not exceed that of the preparations obtained from v. cholerae agar cultures. | 1997 | 9304333 |
| [the evaluation of the virulent properties of vibrio cholerae o1 by using in-vitro methods]. | the virulent properties of v. cholerae o1 (more than 1000 strains) were studied. for this purpose the following methods were used: the determination of hemolytic activity, the express method based on the determination of the speed of mannite oxidation, complex analysis and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the comparative analysis of the results of the in vitro determination of virulence revealed that the most frequently occurring strains among the strains isolated from humans were vct+ strains ( ... | 1997 | 9304335 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in less than five years old children hospitalised for watery diarrhoea in delhi, 1993. | in delhi, patients with cholera-like illness are admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. in 1993, rectal swabs from 836 such patients aged less than five years were examined for the presence of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. of them, 232 (28%), 180 (22%), and 424 (51%) were found suffering from o1 cholera, o139 cholera, and non-cholera watery diarrhoea respectively. twelve children (1.4%) excreted both v. cholerae o1 and o139. both types of cholera were similarly distributed by age, with 19% ... | 1997 | 9308293 |
| characterization of filamentous phages of vibrio cholerae o139 and o1. | we have analyzed our collection of vibrio cholerae o139 strains to determine whether filamentous phages are produced in their culture supernatants, and whether any replicative form of dna is detectable in cell lysates. two types of filamentous phage, designated fs1 (6.4 kb) and fs2 (8.5 kb), were found in strains of vibrio cholerae o139, fs1 was commonly produced from clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1. infectious particles (filamentous phages) were inducible by subculture, mitomycin c, and ... | 1997 | 9311128 |
| [toxigenic vibrio cholerae: identification of the ctxb gene]. | a specific probe was designed to identify part of the genetic sequence of the ctxb gene which encodes for the b subunit of the cholera toxin by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) which amplifies a 318 bp segment of the ctxb gene. marked with p32, we used this probe for colony hybridization which is a technique for identifying the production capacity of subunit b of strains of vibrio cholerae o1 from different outbreaks in south america (perú 1992 and ecuador 1993-1995) and from, collection strains. ... | 1997 | 9312275 |
| phenotypic and genotypic changes in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | to find reasons for the recent decline of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal cholera in bangladesh, phenotypic and genotypic changes in o139 isolates obtained from patients with cholera from 1993 to 1996 were studied. the isolates were tested for the presence of ctx and tcpa genes, hemagglutinin/protease (ha/p), capsule, d-mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha), l-fucose-sensitive hemagglutinin (fsha), tube test (tube) and camp test (camp) hemolytic activities, resistance to 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl ... | 1997 | 9316912 |
| tracking of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains by combined analysis of the presence of toxin cassette, plasmid content and eric pcr. | clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae o1 strains associated with the cholera epidemic in the luanda province of angola from 1991 to 1994 were tracked by toxin distribution, plasmid content and chromosomal polymorphism of the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences by pcr fingerprinting. to follow the distribution of ace, zot and ctxa toxin genes, 6 specific pcr tests were applied to 100 vibrio strains, after preliminary hybridization experiments. clinical isolates o ... | 1997 | 9322067 |
| cholera in vietnam. | 1997 | 9322286 | |
| the secy gene of v. cholerae: identification, cloning and characterization. | the secy gene of vibrio cholerae has been cloned and the complete nt sequence determined. it codes for a protein of 438 aa residues which functions as a translocator through which proteins cross the inner membrane. it can substitute for the escherichia coli secy protein and can suppress the phenotypic traits associated with e. coli secy mutants. the v. cholerae secy gene has about 71 and 83% similarity at the nt and aa levels respectively with the e. coli secy gene. vibrio cholerae secy, similar ... | 1997 | 9322765 |
| flow cytometric analysis for adhesion of vibrio cholerae to human intestinal epithelial cell. | the adhesion of vibrio cholerae o1 strains to human intestinal epithelial cell, intestine 407, was analyzed by flow cytometer. according to positive percentages of intestine 407 cells adhered by v. cholerae, two groups of v. cholerae strains were classified as follows: more adhesive (more than 50%), less adhesive (less than 50%) strains. in addition, the fluorescence intensity after attachment of v. cholerae was directly correlated to the number of the microorganisms. it was concluded that flow ... | 1997 | 9324220 |
| phenotypic and genotypic biotyping of environmental strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated in italy. | the purpose of this study was to characterize strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated in italy from different sources by biochemical and serological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and molecular biotyping. serotyping and genomic analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis proved to be useful in discriminating the isolates. the data obtained show a wide heterogeneity at the genomic level, and in keeping with this, the serogrouping classification provided evidence of a high variabil ... | 1997 | 9327577 |
| bactericidal activity against vibrio cholerae of chemical products used in lemon production in tucumán, argentina. | the present research was set up to verify whether the chemical products used in lemon production (from cultivation until packaging) have a bactericidal or a bacteriostatic ability against vibrio cholerae o1. the studied products were: copper oxychloride, benomil (a carbamate), active chlorine, sodium-o-phenylphenoate, guazatine (a polyamine mixture), imazalil (an imidazole) and lemon peel. the latter was studied with and without treatment using the above mentioned chemicals. different dilutions ... | 1997 | 9331994 |
| [foods responsible for transmission of cholera: factors favoring survival of vibrio and preventive measures]. | 1997 | 9333305 | |
| [phenotypic and molecular features of vibrio cholerae isolated in chile, peru and bolivia. comparison with environmental reservoirs]. | since 1991, a massive cholera epidemic started in peru and involved most central and south american countries. in chile, 147 cases were registered, the last one in 1995. | 1996 | 9334476 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the detection of desialylation of erythrocyte membranes during haemolytic disease and haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by the in vivo action of microbial neuraminidase. | especially in childhood, the in vivo action of microbial neuraminidase may cause haemolytic anaemia or life-threatening haemolytic uraemic syndrome. the exposure of the thomsen-friedenreich (t) crypto-antigen and t-antigen polyagglutinability of erythrocytes has been described as the first sign of toxic cleavage of n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac) from sialoglycoproteins of cell membranes. this phenomenon may, however, be too unspecific to initiate treatment for toxin elimination. the present st ... | 1997 | 9337082 |
| [studies of vibrio cholerae o140 (serogroup hakata) isolated from river water]. | strains of vibrio cholerae o140, which were isolated from river (hikichi river) water in kanagawa, japan, were studied for their biochemical characteristics and toxin genes, and analyzed by an amplified polymorphic dna method in comparison with both clinical and environmental isolates of v. cholerae o140. biochemical characteristics of 4 river isolates studied were found to be unanimous by conventional tests and a commercially available identification kit (api 50 ch). the strains were also found ... | 1997 | 9339631 |
| regulation of receptor binding affinity of influenza virus hemagglutinin by its carbohydrate moiety. | the hemagglutinin (ha) of the fowl plague virus (fpv) strain of influenza a virus has two n-linked oligosaccharides attached to asn123 and asn149 in the vicinity of the receptor binding site. the effect of these carbohydrate side chains on the binding of ha to neuraminic acid-containing receptors has been analyzed. when the oligosaccharides were deleted by site-specific mutagenesis, ha expressed from a simian virus 40 vector showed enhanced hemadsorbing activity. binding was so strong under thes ... | 1997 | 9343193 |
| cholera: molecular basis for emergence and pathogenesis. | 1997 | 9348159 | |
| control of the toxr virulence regulon in vibrio cholerae by environmental stimuli. | many bacterial pathogens regulate the expression of virulence genes in a co-ordinate manner in response to changes in the environment. for example, the human pathogen, vibrio cholerae, possesses a virulence regulon composed of over 20 genes involved in colonization, toxin production and bacterial survival within the host, which are co-ordinately regulated by external stimuli, such as temperature, ph and osmolarity. although the expression of the regulon is dependent upon the transcriptional acti ... | 1997 | 9350858 |
| phase variation in tcph modulates expression of the toxr regulon in vibrio cholerae. | we evaluated a spontaneous mutant of vibrio cholerae, which was avirulent in an infant mouse and had reduced expression of cholera toxin and tcpa in response to environmental signals. the toxr, toxs and toxt genes in the mutant were normal, but transcription of toxt was absent. a plasmid expressing wild-type tcpp and tcph complemented the mutant. the mutation resulted from a frameshift in a string of nine g residues within tcph; similar slipped-strand mutations in tcph arose at a frequency of 10 ... | 1997 | 9350866 |
| purification of ompu from vibrio cholerae classical strain 569b: evidence for the formation of large cation-selective ion-permeable channels by ompu. | the outer membrane of the classical vibrio cholerae strain 569b was isolated by sucrose density centrifugation. the simple treatment of the isolated outer membrane or the cell envelopes with different detergents allowed the purification of two outer membrane proteins, the 38 kda ompu and the 25 kda ompv. furthermore, a 35 kda outer membrane protein (probably the 35 kda ompa-like protein) was purified by two-fold treatment of the cell envelope with 2% sds solution. a subsequent wash of the sds-pe ... | 1997 | 9353751 |
| changing pattern of vibrio cholerae serotype el tor and 0139 in yavatmal (maharashtra, india) during 1992 to 1994. | during 1992, 1993 and 1994 a total of 65, 123 and 142 faecal samples respectively yielded 9, 54 and 87 strains of v. cholerae. simultaneous occurrence of el tor vibrio and non 01 (i.e. 0139) was noted during 1993 and 1994 with variations in relative and absolute prevalence of each serotype. seasonal incidence is fairly consistent in this region. both v. cholerae serotypes 01 and 0139 showed resistance to one or more drugs. | 1997 | 9354010 |
| sequential changes in gut mucosa of rabbits infected with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal: an ultrastructural study. | adhesion and subsequent colonisation are important events in the infection by vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. to determine in details the pathological changes in the gut mucosa, an epidemic strain of o139 bengal was inoculated in a rabbit ileal loop model. electron microscopic studies were done at different time intervals after inoculation of the strain to see the histological changes at the ultrastructural level. from 10 hours onwards, cellular invasive processes with presence of bacteria in the l ... | 1997 | 9360342 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to heat-shock protein 60 of helicobacter pylori. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), designated as h9 (igg2a) and h20 (igm), directed against heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) of helicobacter pylori strain tk1029 were established. affinity-purified antigens cross-reacted in immunoblots with mab h9 and mab h20 respectively. these antigens also reacted with the 3c8 mab previously established in this laboratory, which recognised yersinia enterocolitica hsp60. by amino-acid sequence analysis, the n-terminal amino-acid sequence of the protein recognised ... | 1997 | 9364137 |
| effect of ondansetron on salmonella typhimurium-induced net fluid accumulation in the pig jejunum in vivo. | two major pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the diarrhoea induced by salmonella typhimurium have been suggested to be: (a) invasion of the intestine by the bacteria, and (b) an enterotoxin resembling vibrio cholerae toxin. cholera toxin is a potent secretagogue in pig small intestine and induces secretion partly by activating 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, following release of 5-hydroxytryptamine. ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, which reduces the chol ... | 1997 | 9366059 |
| produce handling and processing practices. | in the past decade, outbreaks of human illness associated with the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits (or unpasteurized products produced from them) have increased in the united states. changes in agronomic, harvesting, distribution, processing, and consumption patterns and practices have undoubtedly contributed to this increase. pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, clostridium botulinum, and bacillus cereus are naturally present in some soil, and their presence on fresh produce is no ... | 1997 | 9366597 |
| comparison of vibrio cholerae o1 isolates by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and ribotyping. | the rrna gene restriction patterns and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting types of 53 vibrio cholerae o1 isolates were studied. five and eight patterns were observed from 27 toxigenic and 26 non-toxigenic o1 isolates after bgli cleavage. pcr fingerprinting with three primer sets aimed at enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences, eric-related sequences in v. cholerae, another kind of repeated sequences in v. cholerae (vcr) and arbitrary sequences divided th ... | 1997 | 9368535 |
| sequence and functional analysis of the gene encoding vibrio cholerae camp receptor protein. | we describe here the cloning, nucleotide sequence, and functional expression of the crp gene of vibrio cholerae (vc) encoding the cyclic amp receptor protein (crp). the vc crp gene shows 81% identity with the crp gene from escherichia coli (ec) and its deduced amino acid sequence shows 95% identity with the ec protein. when expressed from inducible promoters, the cloned vc gene produced an approximately 20-kda protein which complemented the carbohydrate-negative and growth-defective phenotypes o ... | 1997 | 9370295 |
| general secretion pathway (eps) genes required for toxin secretion and outer membrane biogenesis in vibrio cholerae. | the general secretion pathway (gsp) of vibrio cholerae is required for secretion of proteins including chitinase, enterotoxin, and protease through the outer membrane. in this study, we report the cloning and sequencing of a dna fragment from v. cholerae, containing 12 open reading frames, epsc to -n, which are similar to gsp genes of aeromonas, erwinia, klebsiella, pseudomonas, and xanthomonas spp. in addition to the two previously described genes, epse and epsm (m. sandkvist, v. morales, and m ... | 1997 | 9371445 |
| cloning of a vibrio cholerae vibriobactin gene cluster: identification of genes required for early steps in siderophore biosynthesis. | vibrio cholerae secretes the catechol siderophore vibriobactin in response to iron limitation. vibriobactin is structurally similar to enterobactin, the siderophore produced by escherichia coli, and both organisms produce 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (dhba) as an intermediate in siderophore biosynthesis. to isolate and characterize v. cholerae genes involved in vibriobactin biosynthesis, we constructed a genomic cosmid bank of v. cholerae dna and isolated clones that complemented mutations in e. co ... | 1997 | 9371453 |
| characterization of the vibrio cholerae el tor lipase operon lipab and a protease gene downstream of the hly region. | we have cloned and sequenced a region encoding a lipase operon and a putative, previously uncharacterized metalloprotease of vibrio cholerae o1. these lie downstream of hlya and hlyb, which encode the el tor hemolysin and methyl-accepting chemotactic factor, respectively. previous reports identified the hlyc gene downstream of hlyab, encoding an 18.3-kda protein. however, we now show that this open reading frame (orf) encodes a 33-kda protein, and since the amino acid sequence is highly homologo ... | 1997 | 9371455 |
| nitric oxide production during vibrio cholerae infection. | vibrio cholerae induces massive intestinal fluid secretion that continues for the life of the stimulated epithelial cells. enhanced regional blood flow and peristalsis are required to adapt to this obligatory intestinal secretory challenge. nitric oxide (no) is a multifunctional molecule that modulates blood flow and peristalsis and possesses both cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. we demonstrate that, compared with those in asymptomatic control subjects, levels of stable no metabolites (no2- ... | 1997 | 9374715 |
| construction of a salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain expressing vibrio cholera ct-b and lps-o antigen. | the genes encoding v. cholera ct-b and lps-o antigens were simultaneously inserted into the vector plasmid pya248. the resulting recombinant plasmid pmg306 was transformed into the delta cya delta crp delta asd attenuated s. typhimurium vaccine strain x4072, and the live vaccine strain x4072 (pmg306) was constructed. this vaccine strain could secrete a specific ct-b antigen. meanwhile, lps-o antigens of both v. cholera and s. typhimurium were expressed on the cell surface. mouse intraperitoneal ... | 1997 | 9376506 |
| biochemical aspects of h. pylori adhesion. | in analogy with vibrio cholerae and other toxigenic enteropathogens such as yersinia enterocolitica it seems most likely today that h. pylori by specific surface proteins binds to epithelial cell receptors (table 1) allowing the pathogen to deliver urease, vacuolating toxin and other toxic metabolites to cause tissue damage and inflammation (1-3). h. pylori as well as animal gastric pathogens as h. mustelae and h. felis have developed an efficient flagellar apparatus allowing rapid and efficient ... | 1997 | 9376615 |
| [the immunology of cholera and the molecular biology of cholera toxin. recent progress and future perspectives]. | vibrio cholerae has recently called the attention of researchers due to its strong immunogenicity and also because it serves as coadjunct immunomodulator of the immune response of the intestinal mucosae for the mixed added antigens as well as for those covalently linked to the toxin. the immunopathogeny of cholera is a complex phenomenon. this article presents the preliminary results of experiments conducted with laboratory rats in order to find the iga intestinal response of rodents and humans. | 1994 | 9377108 |
| differential regulation of fasa and fash expression of escherichia coli 987p fimbriae by environmental cues. | an early process in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria is colonization of the intestinal epithelium leading to local multiplication, pathophysiological interactions with the host and further spreading. attachment is typically mediated by bacterial fimbriae, which are selectively expressed during growth in the intestine. here we report an analysis of the regulation of 987p fimbrial expression of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). expression of both fash, the transcriptional activator of t ... | 1997 | 9379907 |
| [vibrio cholerae o1 in fecal samples from the urban population of manacapuru, am]. | the study was carried out to identify asymptomatic carriers of v. cholerae o1 in manacapuru, am. 1249 feces samples was obtained by rectal swab and cultivated. had no growth of v. cholerae. on the other hand were isolated and identified: v. furnissii in 12 (0.9%) samples, v. fluvialis in 4 (0.3%) and v. hollisae in 1 (0.1%). | 1997 | 9380902 |
| bacterial ghosts as multifunctional vaccine particles. | expression of cloned phix174 gene e in gram-negative bacteria results in lysis of the bacteria by formation of an e-specific transmembrane tunnel structure built through the cell envelope complex. bacterial ghosts have been produced from a variety of bacteria including escherichia coli. salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio cholerae, klebsiella pneumoniae, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella haemolytica, pasteurella multocida, and helicobacter py ... | 1997 | 9382740 |
| the omps maltoporin of vibrio cholerae as carrier of foreign epitopes. | insertion of additional epitopes to outer membrane proteins can lead to display of the hybrid protein on the bacterial outer surface. omps is the maltoporin of vibrio cholerae and forms trimeric pores which function in uptake of maltose and maltodextrins through the membrane. omps is present in all v. cholerae 01 and 0139 strains. each monomer traverses the membrane 18 times and has thus 9 loops facing the outside world. we have developed an omps-expression-plasmid based system where foreign epi ... | 1997 | 9382764 |
| characteristics of non-o1 vibrio cholerae isolated from the effluents of a treatment plant. | we report the results of a study concerning the characteristics of 19 non-o1 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from the incoming sewage and the effluents of the treatment plant in bologna (italy). these strains were compared to those of a strain of vibrio cholerae biotype el tor. the behaviour of the non-o1 vibrios was seen to be quite similar to those of the el tor biotype in all aspects studied and antigenic correlations were found by means of immunoblotting and cytotoxin production on vero cel ... | 1997 | 9385600 |