Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| identification of neutralizing epitopes on pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and effects of cross-reactions on other thermolysin-like proteases. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to a burkholderia (pseudomonas) cepacia 36-kda protease (pscp) which neutralize pscp and pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase but not p. aeruginosa alkaline protease have been isolated (c. kooi et al., infect. immun. 62:2811-2817, 1994). these mabs, designated 36-6-6 and 36-6-8, react with n-chlorosuccinimide cleavage products of p. aeruginosa elastase, consistent with the recognition of a 13.9-kda fragment which contains the active site. overlapping 9-mer peptides that s ... | 1997 | 9009299 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to the non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin (nmdcy) purified from vibrio cholerae o26 and distribution of nmdcy among strains of vibrio cholerae and other enteric bacteria determined by monoclonal-polyclonal sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the distribution of a newly described secretogenic non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin (nmdcy) among strains of vibrio cholerae and other enteric bacteria was determined. to accomplish this, monoclonal antibodies against nmdcy were prepared and a sandwich monoclonal-polyclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed. by the sandwich elisa, it was determined that 55.6% of the 412 strains of v. cholerae examined produced nmdcy at varying concentrations while 76, 37.9, and 15.6% of the ... | 1997 | 9009346 |
| [isolation and incidence of vibrio cholerae from river water]. | the prevalence of vibrio cholerae contamination in river water derived from 20 sites of 18 rivers in kanagawa, japan, was investigated during a period from july to september, 1987, and from one of the 20 sites in august, 1988 and in february, 1989, v. cholerae non-o1 was found in all samples at concentrations of 0.9-->1,400 mpn/100 ml. higher amounts of the organism were observed in the samples from estuaries. v. cholerae o1 was detected in samples collected in august, 1988 and in february, 1989 ... | 1996 | 9011116 |
| [rapid detection of the hemolysin genes in aeromonas sobria by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the hemolysin of aeromonas sobria is one of the important virulence factors in this organism. rapid detection and identification test for a. sobria is important for early and specific diagnosis of this infectious disease. we evaluated the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the rapid detection of a. sobria. two pairs of synthetic oligonucleotide primers (asa1-s and a; aeraas-s and a) were used in pcr technique to detect the different hemolysin genes (asa1 and aeraas) in a. sobria. the pcr identi ... | 1996 | 9011120 |
| rapid and differential detection of two analogous enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the principle of a novel elisa (nylon-slip immuno-test, nsit) was applied to the differential detection of two analogous enterotoxins, cholera toxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae and heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the results obtained for ct and lt detection by a single test were sufficiently sensitive (87.9 and 100%) and specific (100 and 94.7%) in the differential detection test, when compared with the result of a colony hybridization test with dna probes. the resu ... | 1997 | 9012440 |
| tagging a vibrio cholerae el tor candidate vaccine strain by disruption of its hemagglutinin/protease gene using a novel reporter enzyme: clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a. | the cela gene encoding clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a was expressed in vibrio cholerae on its own promoter and used to tag a candidate el tor biotype cholera vaccine strain. colonies of the tagged strain could be unequivocally distinguished by overlaying them with cm-cellulose indicator agar and congo red staining. expression of cela did not affect growth of v. cholerae in vitro and in vivo. the cela gene was inserted in the chromosomal hap locus encoding v. cholerae hemagglutinin/prot ... | 1996 | 9014293 |
| oral vaccines against cholera: lessons from vietnam and elsewhere. | cholera epidemics, often involving new etiologic agents, are a major public health problem in developing countries. although two new types of oral cholera vaccines--inactivated whole vibrio cholerae o1 and attenuated strains of v cholerae o1--have been demonstrated to be safe, immunogenic, and effective, there has been a lag in their systematic use in areas with endemic and epidemic cholera. an open field trial conducted by trach et al of a locally manufactured killed oral cholera vaccine resu ... | 1997 | 9014902 |
| field trial of a locally produced, killed, oral cholera vaccine in vietnam. | several studies have shown that orally administered killed cholera vaccines are safe and protective in populations at risk of cholera in developing countries. however, these vaccines have not been adopted for use in developing countries because of their expense and limited efficacy in young children. we have tested an inexpensive, killed whole-cell cholera vaccine developed and produced in vietnam. | 1997 | 9014909 |
| epidemiology and transmission of v. cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 infections in delhi in 1993. | in 1993, rectal swabs from clinically suspected cases of cholera admitted to the infectious diseases hospital (idh), delhi were examined for vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. epidemiological data of 396 cholera cases were collected before the patients' discharge from idh. of the 1528 laboratory-confirmed cholera cases, 46% and 54% were caused by serotype o1 and o139 respectively. both serotypes appeared and disappeared simultaneously, and peaked during the same time of the year. however, the two sero ... | 1996 | 9019011 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 in the subcontinent. | 1996 | 9019018 | |
| colonial opacity variations among the choleragenic vibrios. | cultures of vibrio cholerae 01, biotype el tor, from the current epidemic of cholera in the western hemisphere, and of the new v. cholerae serogroup o139, from the current outbreak in india and bangladesh, revealed marked colonial heterogeneity when received by the authors. by comparison with reference colony types, using a stereoscope and transmitted oblique illumination, colonies of approximately 10 different degrees of opacity could be distinguished. in contrast, strains freshly isolated from ... | 1997 | 9025275 |
| an iron-regulated outer-membrane protein specific to bordetella bronchiseptica and homologous to ferric siderophore receptors. | the bfra (bordetella bronchiseptica ferric iron repressed outer-membrane protein) gene was cloned from bordetella bronchiseptica by screening a library of tnphoa insertion mutants for iron-repressed fusions to phoa. the bfra gene encoded an 80 kda outer-membrane protein with a high level of amino acid sequence identity to several bacterial proteins belonging to the family of ton b-dependent outer-membrane receptors. bfra was especially homologous to cir of escherichia coli, irga of vibrio choler ... | 1997 | 9025287 |
| phenotypic expression of a mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin by a vibrio cholerae o1 e1tor strain and evaluation of its role in intestinal adherence and colonization. | a vibrio cholerae o1 strain (1150) of the eit or biotype and ogawa serotype with haemagglutination (ha) activity was subjected to tnphoa mutagenesis. out of several mutants isolated, one ha- and another ha+ mutant were further characterised. the ha- mutant showed about 50% reduction in its intestinal adherence capacity in vitro and about 9-fold decrease of its colonisation ability in vivo, as compared to the wild-type strain. subsequent studies showed that the ha activity of strain 1150 was medi ... | 1996 | 9026451 |
| [150 years of discussions on the reservoir of the causative agent of cholera and the mechanisms of human infection]. | 1996 | 9027160 | |
| [the variability of the biological characteristics of vibrio cholerae isolated from environmental objects]. | the study of the biological characteristics used for the identification of the species, biovar and serovar of v.cholerae o1 isolated from environmental objects on the territory of 8 regions of ukraine for the period of 1974-1993 revealed the tendency towards an increase in the number of altered cultures. phage sensitivity (60.7%) and capacity for agglutination with cholera species- and type-specific sera (24.6%) proved to be the most variable properties. resistance to polymyxin (4.8%), the absen ... | 1996 | 9027168 |
| [a dna analysis of vibrio cholerae strains by the polymerase chain reaction]. | the method for the analysis of cholera toxin gene in v. cholerae strains was developed on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). this specific and highly sensitive method using primers affecting the site of the dna of the operon of cholera toxin gene made it possible to identify one copy of v. cholerae genome. for the first time the content of cholera toxin gene in 4 v. cholerae (eltor) strains, obtained from the clinical material of cholera patients in tajikistan and dagestan, was shown ... | 1996 | 9027173 |
| rapid identification of campylobacter jejuni strains by polymerase chain reaction & their restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was developed for specific identification of c. jejuni. a primer pair of a conserved region of flagellin a (fla a) gene identified all 15 strains of c. jejuni isolated from human faeces. none of the control strains like helicobacter pylori, vibrio cholerae escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium except c. coli exhibited any amplified product by pcr. a predicted 450 bp could also be amplified from 4 chicken caecal contents positive for c. jejuni-c c ... | 1997 | 9029829 |
| biochemical analysis of a bladder-cancer-associated mucin: structural features and epitope characterization. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs), m344, m300 and m75, were shown to define a unique tumour-associated antigen (taa) of superficial bladder tumours. the antigenic determinants are expressed on a very-high-molecular-mass component and, in about 50% of the positive samples, one determinant is also detected on a 62 kda molecular species, observed only under reducing conditions. the objectives of the present study were to characterize further this taa by analysing (1) the biochemical nature of the ... | 1997 | 9032480 |
| the rfad locus: a region of rearrangement in vibrio cholerae o139. | we analyzed the rfad locus of the novel epidemic vibrio cholerae strain o139, a putative region of rearrangement. this region includes 4 orfs in the same orientation. two orfs, rfad(o139) and orf2(o139) were almost identical to those described in v. cholerae o1. in contrast, the two other orfs upstream from rfad(o139), designated orfa(o139) and orfb(o139), were absent from v. cholerae o1, but present in environmental strains of v. cholerae o22, o141 and o155. these results suggest that a chromos ... | 1997 | 9034311 |
| purification and characterisation of a hemolysin with phospholipase c activity from vibrio cholerae o139. | a hemolysin was purified from a vibrio cholerae o139 strain which moved as a single protein band of 67 kda in sds-page. the hemolysin showed high level of phospholipase c activity. the purified phospholipase c-hemolysin demonstrated enterotoxic activity in rabbit ileal loop, suckling mice and enhanced permeability of rabbit skin. the pi of the purified hemolysin was 6.4. erythrocytes from rabbit, chicken, guinea pig, sheep and horse were sensitive to the purified hemolysin in decreasing order of ... | 1997 | 9037771 |
| activation of human matrix metalloproteinases by various bacterial proteinases. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are zinc-containing proteinases that participate in tissue remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions. to test the involvement of bacterial proteinases in tissue injury during bacterial infections, we investigated the activation potential of various bacterial proteinases against precursors of mmps (prommps) purified from human neutrophils (prommp-8 and -9) and from human fibrosarcoma cells (prommp-1). each prommp was subjected to treatment with a ... | 1997 | 9038230 |
| bile affects production of virulence factors and motility of vibrio cholerae. | the effect of bile on the expression of cholera toxin (ct) and the major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa) and on motility was examined in the vibrio cholerae o1 classical-biotype strains 0395 and 569b. although the motility of the cells increased significantly in the presence of bile, transcription of the ctxab genes, encoding ct, and of the tcpa gene was drastically reduced. in toxr mutant strains, motility is higher than in the wild-type strain and was further increased, by about ... | 1997 | 9038330 |
| the enterotoxic effect of zonula occludens toxin on rabbit small intestine involves the paracellular pathway. | zonula occludens toxin is a novel toxin elaborated by vibrio cholerae that modulates intestinal tight junctions. the aim of this study was to establish whether the permeabilizing effect of the toxin leads to intestinal secretion. | 1997 | 9041245 |
| emergence of a new clone of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor displacing v. cholerae o139 bengal in bangladesh. | the emergence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in 1993, its rapid spread in an epidemic form, in which it replaced existing strains of v. cholerae o1 during 1992 and 1993, and the subsequent reemergence of v. cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype in bangladesh since 1994 have raised questions regarding the origin of the reemerged el tor vibrios. we studied 50 el tor vibrio strains isolated in bangladesh and four other countries in asia and africa before the emergence of v. cholerae o139 and 32 strains ... | 1997 | 9041401 |
| cholera associated with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis: a case report. | while cholera is not endemic in taiwan, the number of imported cases is increasing. we report a 59-year-old taiwanese male who developed severe diarrhea and vomiting, two days after returning from bali. the patient admitted drinking a beverage with ice purchased from a street vendor. on admission he was weak and dehydrated. the patient suffered from hypovolemic shock and acute renal failure. elevated creatine phosphokinase indicated rhabdomyolysis. fluid replacement with ringer's lactate solutio ... | 1996 | 9041770 |
| a branch in the toxr regulatory cascade of vibrio cholerae revealed by characterization of toxt mutant strains. | co-ordinate expression of genes associated with pathogenicity in vibrio cholerae requires two transcription activators, toxr and toxt. work carried out to date suggests that toxr activates transcription of the toxt gene and that toxt directly activates transcription of several genes whose products play a role in colonization or ct production by v. cholerae. previous work also suggests that toxr can directly activate transcription of the ct operon (ctxab) independently of toxt, thereby implying a ... | 1997 | 9044266 |
| [the cellular fatty acid composition of bacteria in the family vibrionaceae]. | it is shown that strains of vibrio cholerae of serovar o1, biovar eltor, subtype ogawa, museum strains v. cholerae of serovar o1 and nag-vibrios (isolated from various sources: sea, river and sewage water, canal water and people) possess identical composition of cell fatty acids with prevailing hexadecenoic, hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids. being identical, fatty acid profiles of v. parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus, are close to that of v. cholerae differing from the latter mainly by th ... | 1996 | 9044701 |
| membrane attack induced by hlya, a pore-forming toxin of vibrio cholerae. | determining the activity of purified toxins has generally provided the basis for establishing their role in the host-pathogen relationship. the bacterial genus vibrio produces a number of exotoxins in addition to cholera toxin, including haemolysin a (hlya; vibrio cholerae) and thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh; vibrio parahaemolyticus), both of which possess membrane-targeting cytolytic activity. the action of hlya has been analyzed using protocols previously applied to tdh: lysis and flux ex ... | 1997 | 9051414 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01, isolated in the ukraine in 1994]. | one thousand and four hundred strains of v. cholerae 01 isolated in 1994 in the ukraine were studied with respect to their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. the study showed that it was possible not only to estimate the present tendencies in and the regularities of the change in their character but also to presuppose the probable circulation and incidence of the microbe based on the differences in the susceptibility, frequency and resistance pattern of the strains of v. cholerae 01 isola ... | 1996 | 9054324 |
| [dynamics of changes in antibiotic sensitivity of vibrio cholerae 01, isolated from environmental objects]. | the analysis of the dynamics of the antibiotic susceptibility of 442 strains of v. cholerae 01 isolated within 1986-1994 from the environment showed that the susceptibility level was different. strains of v. cholerae 01 with high susceptibility to tetracyclines, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampicin and cefazolin and with moderate susceptibility to monomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and levomycetin (chloramphenicol) were detected as well as the strains resistant to streptomycin and p ... | 1996 | 9054325 |
| multidrug resistance in vibrio cholerae. | 1996 | 9057408 | |
| epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic evaluation of the italian cholera epidemic in 1994. | in the period between 18 october and 4 december 1994, 12 indigenous cases of cholera were registered in the southern italian region of puglia, 10 of them were diagnosed in our departments of infectious diseases. all patients were infected by consumption of raw fish or mussels. the patients had an elevated mean age and most were affected with systemic pathologies. the clinical course was mild and rarely complicated, although frequently the characteristic riziform diarrhoea was absent. in all pati ... | 1997 | 9062786 |
| outer membrane translocation arrest of the tcpa pilin subunit in rfb mutants of vibrio cholerae o1 strain 569b. | the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae is a type 4-related fimbrial adhesin and a useful model for the study of type 4 pilus biogenesis and related bacterial macromolecular transport pathways. transposon mutagenesis of the putative perosamine biosynthesis genes in the rfb operon of v. cholerae 569b eliminates lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen biosynthesis but also leads to a specific defect in tcp export. localization of tcpa is made difficult by the hydrophobic nature of this bun ... | 1997 | 9068652 |
| oral vaccines for cholera control. | two oral cholera vaccines-inactivated wc/rbs and live cvd 103 hgr-have recently been marketed in europe. though the efficacy of the live vaccine is yet to be supported by field trials, the inactivated oral vaccine has shown encouraging results in field trails on different population groups. since the role of cholera vaccines-including oral vaccines-as a public health tool in epidemic situations is debatable and cholera immunization for travellers will result in a high cost-benefit ratio, endemic ... | 1997 | 9069701 |
| cloning and characterization of the exbb-exbd-tonb locus of pasteurella haemolytica a1. | a recombinant plasmid (pmg1) carrying pasteurella haemolytica a1 dna which complements a tonb mutation of escherichia coli has been isolated. e. coli tonb mete which carries pmg1 exhibits growth kinetics in the presence of vitamin b12 similar to that of the wild-type host. in addition, the complemented e. coli is susceptible to killing by bacteriophage phi 80 and colicin b. analysis of the nucleotide sequence in the complementing dna showed that it codes for three genes in the order of exbb-exbd ... | 1997 | 9074497 |
| arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase isoenzymes, l, m1 and m2, cleave fucosyl gm1. | among bacterial, fungal and viral sialidases, the sialidase from arthrobacter ureafaciens has the unique property of cleaving sialic acids linked to the internal galactose of gangliotetraose. in this study, we examined the ability to cleave the internal sialic acids of gm1 and fucosyl gm1 of sialidases from several bacterial and fungal origins, including clostridium perfringens and vibrio cholerae. we found that a. ureafaciens sialidase could liberate the sialic acid of gm1 at the highest rate, ... | 1997 | 9076515 |
| modulation of intestinal tight junctions by zonula occludens toxin permits enteral administration of insulin and other macromolecules in an animal model. | the intestinal epithelium represents the major barrier to absorption of orally administered drugs and peptides into the systemic circulation. entry of molecules through the paracellular pathway is restricted by tight junctions. we have previously reported that these structures can be modulated by zonula occludens toxin (zot). in the present report, we show that zot reversibly increases rabbit intestinal permeability to insulin by 72% (p = 0.034) and immunoglobulins by 52% (p = 0.04) in vitro. wh ... | 1997 | 9077522 |
| identification of additional genes required for o-antigen biosynthesis in vibrio cholerae o1. | the cloning and expression of the genes encoding the vibrio cholerae o1 lipopolysaccharide o antigen in a heterologous host have been described previously (p. a. manning, m. w. heuzenroeder, j. yeadon, d. i. leavesley, p. r. reeves, and d. rowley, infect. immun. 53:272-277, 1986). it was thus assumed that all the genes required for o-antigen expression were located on a 20-kb saci restriction fragment. we present evidence for a number of other as yet undescribed genes that are essential for o-an ... | 1997 | 9079898 |
| antibacterial activity of enterococci strains against vibrio cholerae. | thirty-seven strains of enterococci isolated from milk and milk products from santa fe (argentina) region were tested for antagonistic activity against vibrio cholerae 01 and non-01. seven of 17 strains of enterococcus faecalis, five of 10 strains of enterococcus faecium and four of 10 strains of enterococcus durans produced inhibition zones against the indicator species. the activity of the antibacterial compounds was completely destroyed by treatment with trypsin and pronase e in most cases (o ... | 1997 | 9081308 |
| [the determination of the content of the cholera toxin gene in the composition of the dna from vibrio cholerae strains by means of the nested polymerase chain reaction]. | the possibility of detecting cholera toxin genes in v.cholerae enterotoxigenic strains by the method of "nested" polymerase chain reaction with the use of primers on the dna area of operon ctx of ab genes. the possibility of the detection of several v.cholerae cells by this method was shown with the use of a series of bacterial lysate dilutions. the newly developed test system for the detection of cholera toxin gene on the basis of the analysis of bacterial lysates of v.cholerae nontoxigenic str ... | 1996 | 9082720 |
| safety and immunogenicity of live oral cholera and typhoid vaccines administered alone or in combination with antimalarial drugs, oral polio vaccine, or yellow fever vaccine. | the effects of concomitant administration of antimalarial drugs, oral polio vaccine, or yellow fever vaccine on the immune response elicited by the vibrio cholerae cvd103-hgr and salmonella typhi ty21a live oral vaccines were investigated. healthy adults were immunized with cvd103-hgr alone or combined with ty21a. subjects were randomized to simultaneously receive mefloquine, chloroquine or proguanil, or oral polio or yellow fever vaccine. the vibriocidal antibody seroconversion rate was signifi ... | 1997 | 9086143 |
| analysis of the structural gene encoding a hemolysin in vibrio mimicus. | an environmental isolate of v. mimicus, strain e-33, has been reported to produce and secrete a hemolysin of 63 kda. the hemolysin is enterotoxic in test animals. the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene of the hemolysin was determined. we found a 2,232 bp open reading frame, which codes a peptide of 744 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 83,903 da. the sequence for the structural gene was closely related to the v. cholerae el tor hlya gene, coding an exocellular hemolysin. ... | 1997 | 9087960 |
| cryptic appearance of a new clone of vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 biotype el tor in calcutta, india. | in this study, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was applied to determine if the vibrio cholerae 01 strains which reappeared after being temporarily displaced in calcutta by the 0139 serogroup were different from those isolated before the advent of the 0139 serogroup. noti digestion generated a total of 11 different patterns among the 24 strains of v. cholerae randomly selected to represent different time frames. among the v. cholerae 01 strains isolated after july 1993, 4 pfge banding des ... | 1997 | 9087961 |
| emergence of multiple drug-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 in san pedro sula, honduras. | 1997 | 9093259 | |
| active efflux of bile salts by escherichia coli. | enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli must tolerate high levels of bile salts, powerful detergents that disrupt biological membranes. the outer membrane barrier of gram-negative bacteria plays an important role in this resistance, but ultimately it can only retard the influx of bile salts. we therefore examined whether e. coli possessed an energy-dependent efflux mechanism for these compounds. intact cells of e. coli k-12 appeared to pump out chenodeoxycholate, since its intracellular accumu ... | 1997 | 9098046 |
| novel vibrio cholerae o139 genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | the sequence of part of the rfb region of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 and the physical map of a 35-kb region of the o139 chromosome have been determined. the o139 rfb region presented contains a number of open reading frames which show similarities to other rfb and capsular biosynthesis genes found in members of the enterobacteriaceae family and in v. cholerae o1. the cloned and sequenced region can complement the defects in o139 antigen biosynthesis in transposon insertions within the o139 r ... | 1997 | 9098074 |
| epidemic cholera in burundi: patterns of transmission in the great rift valley lake region. | after a 14-year hiatus, epidemic cholera swept through burundi between january and may, 1992. the pattern of transmission was similar to that in 1978, when the seventh pandemic first reached this region. communities affected were limited to those near lake tanganyika and the rusizi river. the river connects lake tanganyika with lake kivu to the north in zaire and rwanda. | 1997 | 9100624 |
| [challenge to microbiology in latin america: a cholera epidemics at the end of the 20th century]. | 1996 | 9101657 | |
| [cases of gastroenteritis associated to vibrio cholerae no 01 in oran, salta]. | forty-one sporadic cases of non-o group 1 vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis were detected in orán, salta, between february 1992 and february 1995. the frequency of isolation was 0.9% of the diarrhea cases. out of 41 patients, 21 (51.2%) were older than 15 years and 25 (60.9%) were male. all the patients had diarrhea, 24 (58.5%) had watery stools and 6 (14.6%) cholera-like diarrhea; 10 (24.4%) presented vomiting and 12 (29%) mild dehydration. six malnourished children who suffered from diarrhea wit ... | 1996 | 9102658 |
| [modern achievements in the molecular epidemiology of cholera]. | 1996 | 9103085 | |
| oral delivery of antibodies. future pharmacokinetic trends. | antibodies have been investigated as specific targeting agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy, to inactivate toxic substances including drugs and also as passive immunotherapy for neoplastic or infectious diseases. in most cases the antibodies were administered systemically by the intravenous route. more recently, however, there has been increasing interest in the oral administration of antibodies for localised treatment of infections or other conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. the norm ... | 1997 | 9113439 |
| enterotoxin and cytotoxin production by salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from gastroenteritis outbreaks. | seventy-six salmonella enteritidis, three salmonella virchow and one salmonella bradenrup strains were screened for enterotoxigenicity by using the chinese hamster ovary (cho), y1 adrenal, vero and hela cell tests. all the strains gave positive reactions for enterotoxin production, except one, and the relative sensitivity to the toxin exhibited by the different cell lines was evaluated. an enterotoxic activity has been identified in sonicated extracts of salm. enteritidis. this enterotoxin was p ... | 1997 | 9113874 |
| a cholera toxoid-insulin conjugate as an oral vaccine against spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. | mucosally induced immunological tolerance is an attractive strategy for preventing or treating illnesses resulting from untoward inflammatory immune reactions against self- or non-self-antigens. oral administration of relevant autoantigens and allergens has been reported to delay or suppress onset of clinical disease in a number of experimental autoimmune and allergic disorders. however, the approach often requires repeated feeding of large amounts of tolerogens over long periods and is only par ... | 1997 | 9114038 |
| molecular evolution of vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in lima, peru, from 1991 to 1995. | following the emergence of cholera in lima, peru, in 1991, isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor recovered from patients in various parts of lima were selected and characterized. ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) revealed four bgli ribotypes and eight noti pfge types among 50 v. cholerae o1 strains recovered from patients with cholera in lima from 1991 to 1995, with certain genotypes appearing to cluster geographically. while differences in ribotype and pfge type pat ... | 1997 | 9114398 |
| [importation of cholera from turkey. case report of cholera acquired in istanbul]. | following a short holiday in istanbul, a 41-year-old man developed severe infectious enteritis accompanied by exsiccosis, hypokalemia and renal insufficiency. the patient was initially treated symptomatically under the assumption that he had traveller's diarrhea or campylobacter enteritis. finally, cholera vibrios were detected in several stool samples. although turkey is not considered to be endemic for cholera, a number of cases originating there have now been diagnosed in germany. for the dia ... | 1996 | 9119347 |
| potent membrane-permeabilizing and cytocidal action of vibrio cholerae cytolysin on human intestinal cells. | many strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 and o1 el tor that cause diarrhea do not harbor genes for a known secretogenic toxin. however, these strains usually elaborate a pore-forming toxin, hitherto characterized as a hemolysin and here designated v. cholerae cytolysin, whose action on intestinal cells has not yet been described. we report that v. cholerae cytolysin binds as a monomer to intestine 407 cells and then assembles into detergent-stable oligomers that probably represent tetra- or pentam ... | 1997 | 9119464 |
| comparison of the oral, rectal, and vaginal immunization routes for induction of antibodies in rectal and genital tract secretions of women. | to determine which mucosal immunization routes may be optimal for induction of antibodies in the rectum and female genital tract, groups of women were immunized a total of three times either orally, rectally, or vaginally with a cholera vaccine containing killed vibrio cholerae cells and the recombinant cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit. systemic and mucosal antibody responses were assessed at 2-week intervals by quantitation of ctb-specific antibodies in serum and in secretions collected directly f ... | 1997 | 9119478 |
| promoter activities in vibrio cholerae ctx phi prophage. | comparison of cholera toxin (ct) production directed by different gene constructs and s1 nuclease mapping revealed the presence of a ctxb-specific promoter within the ctxa coding sequence. initiation of transcription in this region occurred in wild-type el tor and classical biotype choleragenic vibrios. we propose that transcription from the ctxb-specific promoter and a stronger ribosomal binding site on the ctxb mrna synergistically contribute to achieve the correct (5b:1a) subunit stoichiometr ... | 1997 | 9119505 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1 septicaemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis and billroth-ii-gastrectomy. | this report deals with the first diagnosed case of vibrio cholerae non-o1 septicaemia in austria. after a vacation in tunisia, a 51-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis and billroth-ii-gastrectomy was admitted to hospital because of abdominal pain, growing ascites, and jaundice. four days later, the patient developed a single peak of high fever (39.6 degrees c). a blood culture was drawn and treatment with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid commenced. the blood culture yielded gram-negative comma ... | 1997 | 9120332 |
| isolation of a contact-dependent haemolysin from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | contact-dependent haemolytic activity was observed with cells of mycobacterium tuberculosis h(37)rv and m. tuberculosis h(37)ra, but not with those of m. bovis, m. bovis bcg and m. africanum. culture filtrates of all these strains did not exhibit any haemolytic activity. m. tuberculosis h(37)rv was subsequently used for the isolation of haemolysin. haemolytic activity was retained in the cell debris even after sonication of the cells and treatment with tween 80 and lysozyme. solubilisation of ha ... | 1997 | 9126824 |
| nucleotide sequence of the vmha gene encoding hemolysin from vibrio mimicus. | the structural gene (vmha) of hemolysin from vibrio mimicus (atcc33653) was cloned and sequenced. the vmha gene contains an open reading frame consisting of 2232 nucleotides which can code for a protein of 744 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 83,059. the similarity of amino acid sequence shows 81.6% identity with vibrio cholerae el tor hemolysin. | 1997 | 9128176 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strains isolated between 1992 and 1995 in calcutta, india: evidence for the emergence of a new clone of the el tor biotype. | sixty-one clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor isolated in calcutta before, during, and after the v. cholerae o139 bengal outbreak were examined to see if the o1 strains of the post-o139 period were different from those in existence before. comparison of the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rrna genes (ribotyping) and the ctx genetic element revealed that all "before" strains except 1 belonged to a single known ribotype, whereas all "after" strains except 2 belonged to a ... | 1997 | 9129077 |
| biochemical and physiological characteristics of hlya, a pore-forming cytolysin of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1. | among the various toxins produced by the bacterial species vibrio cholerae is hlya, a cytolytic protein commonly called the e1 tor hemolysin. hlya is synthesized and processed in a complex manner involving various processed or degraded forms, that may co-purify and complicate the interpretation of biochemical and physiological experiments. in this study a single form of hlya was purified by gel filtration and chromatofocusing using fast protein liquid chromatography in the presence of protease i ... | 1997 | 9133706 |
| a search for cholera toxin (ct), toxin coregulated pilus (tcp), the regulatory element toxr and other virulence factors in non-01/non-0139 vibrio cholerae. | twenty-four selected non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae strains were examined for the presence of virulence associated genes like ctxa, tcpa, toxr and the repetitive sequence (rs element). seventeen of these were isolated from diarrhoeal stool samples while the remaining seven were of local environmental origin. nine and four respectively of these strains were positive for ctxa and tcpa by multiplex pcr analysis. the majority (16 out of 18 tested) of the strains (including the four tcpa + strains) ... | 1997 | 9140915 |
| the evolution of epidemic vibrio cholerae strains. | the emergence of the novel vibrio cholerae strain, o139 bengal, which caused a large epidemic in southeast asia, underlines the adaptability of pathogenic microorganisms. recent studies reveal that horizontal transfer of cell-wall polysaccharide genes played a central role in the emergence of this strain and that its genesis may not be as unique as initially believed. | 1997 | 9141191 |
| spontaneous binding of vibrio cholerae to human leucocytes. | various lymphocyte subpopulations have the capacity to bind different strains of gram-negative bacteria. the capacity of a strain of vibrio cholerae, biotype el tor, isolated during an outbreak of cholera, to adhere to mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood was evaluated. v. cholerae binds to mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent manner. the binding was 76.1% at a cells/bacteria ratio of 1:200 and significantly decreased to 43.1% at a ratio of 1:1. the value of bound bacteria, a marker ... | 1996 | 9141713 |
| vibriocidal antibody responses in north american volunteers exposed to wild-type or vaccine vibrio cholerae o139: specificity and relevance to immunity. | the emergence of a new agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae o139, has prompted a reevaluation of the vibriocidal antibody assay. this assay, primarily directed to lipopolysaccharide, is an important correlate of o1 immunity. v. cholerae o139 strains are encapsulated, rendering them relatively resistant to killing by serum. recent reports suggest that there is strain-to-strain variability in the sensitivity of the vibriocidal assay to fully encapsulated o139 strains. we have assessed a modified vibr ... | 1997 | 9144361 |
| resistance of vibrio cholerae 01 to nalidixic acid. | until 1987 all isolates of v. cholerae 01 at a tertiary care hospital in south india were susceptible to drugs commonly used to treat gastroenteritis including cholera. since july 1987 strains resistant to co-trimoxazole have been encountered and since october 1995 strains resistant to nalidixic acid are being isolated. in this study the latter strains were examined by determining minimum inhibitory concentration levels of nalidixic acid as well as norfloxacin, the fluoroquinolone extensively us ... | 1997 | 9145595 |
| structure of tcpg, the dsba protein folding catalyst from vibrio cholerae. | the efficient and correct folding of bacterial disulfide bonded proteins in vivo is dependent upon a class of periplasmic oxidoreductase proteins called dsba, after the escherichia coli enzyme. in the pathogenic bacterium vibrio cholerae, the dsba homolog (tcpg) is responsible for the folding, maturation and secretion of virulence factors. mutants in which the tcpg gene has been inactivated are avirulent; they no longer produce functional colonisation pili and they no longer secrete cholera toxi ... | 1997 | 9149147 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae and v. mimicus heat-stable toxin gene sequence by pcr. | previously the heat-stable enterotoxin in vibrio cholerae and v. mimicus has been detected by suckling mouse assay, a non-specific approach, and by dna probes, a time-consuming method. this report describes a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure for the detection of the stn (nag-st) and sto (o1-st) gene sequences that is rapid and specific, allowing toxin gene molecular characterisation. a total of 34 v. cholerae and v. mimicus isolates was examined for st and ct genes. the nag-st gene sequ ... | 1997 | 9152035 |
| rapid screening method for identification of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | a novel method of identifying cholera enterotoxin (ct)-producing vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 was developed. the method uses degradation of nad as a specific biochemical marker for the ct-producing strains. the substrate nad at a concentration of 100 mumol/liter was markedly degraded when it was incubated at 37 degrees c for 2 h with the ct-producing stains at a final cell density equivalent to that of a twofold dilution of a mcfarland no. 1 standard. nad degradation was monitored by a ... | 1997 | 9157159 |
| a transferable multiple drug resistance plasmid from vibrio cholerae o1. | ten multiple antimicrobial-resistant isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from patients in uganda were characterized, and the transferability of resistance to bacteria of diverse origins was investigated. the isolates were toxigenic and belonged to biotype e1 tor, serotype ogawa, and ribotype 8, and possessed a 130-mda plasmid of incompatibility group 6-c. this plasmid, designated prvc1, was shown to confer resistance to trimethoprim (mediated by a dhfri gene), sulfonamides (a suii gene), tet ... | 1995 | 9158776 |
| the role of the sodium cycle of energy coupling in the emergence and persistence of natural foci of modern cholera. | a hypothesis on the appearance and persistence of natural foci of cholera based on ecological and bioenergetic features of the process has been developed. the main causes of persistence and propagation of modern cholera are: 1) inability of various bacteria, including the genus vibrio and many cyanobacterial species, to perform energy coupling, depending on external conditions, by means of two cycles (the proton and sodium cycles); induction of the sodium cycle of energy coupling increases the r ... | 1997 | 9159877 |
| vibrio cholerae serotype o139: swapping genes for surface polysaccharide biosynthesis. | 1997 | 9160503 | |
| [ecology of vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 in aquatic environments]. | the endemic and seasonal nature of cholera depends upon the survival of vibrio cholerae 01 in a viable but not necessarily culturable state in ecologic niches in aquatic environments during interepidemic periods. to understand the ecology of v. cholerae it is necessary to know which aquatic ecosystems can harbor it and thus contribute to the endemic presence of cholera in latin america. this article presents a summary of the ecology of v. cholerae 01, organized according to the abiotic and bioti ... | 1997 | 9162580 |
| rapid detection of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal from stool specimens by pcr. | in a previous study using pure bacterial cultures in a pcr assay, a primer pair corresponding to a unique chromosomal region of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal generated an amplicon from only v. cholerae o139 bengal. pcr with the same primer pair was used to screen 180 diarrheal stool specimens. all the 67 v. cholerae o139 culture-positive stool specimens were positive by pcr, and the remaining specimens, which contained either other recognized enteric pathogens or no pathogens, were all negative by ... | 1997 | 9163504 |
| synthesis of colitose-containing oligosaccharide structures found in polysaccharides from vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal using thioglycoside donors. | the syntheses of the two colitose-containing trisaccharides 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl (3,6-dideoxy-alpha-l-xylo-hexopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-d-galactopyranosyl -(1-->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranoside and 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[(3,6- dideoxy-alpha-l-xylo-hexopyranosyl)-(1-->4)]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d- glucopyranoside, and tetrasaccharide 8-methoxycarbonyloctyl (3,6-dideoxy-alpha-l-xylo-hexopyranosyl)-(1-->2)-beta-d-galactopyranosyl - (1-->3)-[(3,6-dide ... | 1997 | 9163895 |
| the rpoh gene encoding sigma 32 homolog of vibrio cholerae. | the vibrio cholerae rpoh gene coding for the heat-shock sigma factor, sigma 32, has been cloned and shown to functionally complement escherichia coli rpoh mutants. the nt sequence of the gene has been determined and the deduced aa sequence is more than 80% homologous to the e. coli rpoh gene product. downstream of the v. cholerae rpoh gene, an unidentified dehydrogenase gene (udha) is present on the opposite strand facing rpoh. the predicted secondary structure of the 5'-proximal region of v. ch ... | 1997 | 9168128 |
| septicemia due to a non-0:1, non-0:139 vibrio cholerae. | we describe a patient with a non-0:1, non-0:139 vibrio cholerae septicemia associated with ecythema gangrenosa-like skin lesions. the patient acquired the infection in puerto rico. given the high fatality rate, it is important for the medical community to consider the diagnosis in high risk patients with exposures in puerto rico tropical waters. | 1997 | 9168634 |
| coexpression of the b subunit of shiga toxin 1 and eaea from enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli in vibrio cholerae vaccine strains. | a promoterless gene for the shiga toxin 1 b subunit (stxb1) has been placed under transcriptional control of the vibrio cholerae heat shock gene htpg. a chromosomal enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli fragment containing eaea and 400 bp of upstream dna was added to the construct, downstream of stxb1; no transcription terminators were located between the two genes. the plasmid construct was confirmed by dna sequencing; in vitro transcription-translation studies demonstrated expression of eaea from ... | 1997 | 9169742 |
| el tor hemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 forms channels in planar lipid bilayer membranes. | we investigated the channel formation by el tor hemolysin (molecular mass, 65 kda) of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor in planar lipid bilayers. the el tor hemolysin channel exhibited asymmetric and hyperbolic membrane current with increasing membrane potential, meaning that the channel is voltage dependent. the zero-current membrane potential measured in kci solution showed that permeability ratio pk+/pcl- was 0.16, indicating that the channel is 6-fold more anion selective over cation. the he ... | 1997 | 9170269 |
| the plasmid r64 thin pilus identified as a type iv pilus. | the entire nucleotide sequence of the pil region of the inci1 plasmid r64 was determined. analysis of the sequence indicated that 14 genes, designated pili through pilv, are involved in the formation of the r64 thin pilus. protein products of eight pil genes were identified by the maxicell procedure. the piln product was shown to be a lipoprotein by an experiment using globomycin. a computer search revealed that several r64 pil genes have amino acid sequence homology with proteins involved in ty ... | 1997 | 9171405 |
| identification of a second endogenous porphyromonas gingivalis insertion element. | in this study a second endogenous porphyromonas gingivalis insertion element (is element) that is capable of transposition within p. gingivalis was identified. nucleotide sequence analysis of the tn4351 insertion site in a p. gingivalis tn4351-generated transconjugant showed that a complete copy of the previously unidentified is element, designated pgis2, had inserted into is4351r in tn4351. pgis2 is 1,207 bp in length with 19-bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats, and insertion resulted in a d ... | 1997 | 9171437 |
| effects of cell surface ganglioside sialidase inhibition on growth control and differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells. | gangliosides on the external side of the plasma membrane are important modulators of cellular functions. in previous work we had found that in cultured human sk-n-mc neuroblastoma cells a cell surface sialidase activity specifically cleaved terminal sialic acids from gangliosides, leading to a shift from higher sialylated species to gm1 and a decrease of gm3. to further elucidate the function of the enzyme, we have now examined the consequences of ganglioside sialidase inhibition. when present i ... | 1997 | 9174666 |
| structural basis for differential receptor binding of cholera and escherichia coli heat-labile toxins: influence of heterologous amino acid substitutions in the cholera b-subunit. | the closely related b-subunits of cholera toxin (ctb) and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) both bind strongly to gm1 ganglioside receptors but ltb can also bind to additional glycolipids and glycoproteins. a number of mutant ct b-subunits were generated by substituting ctb amino acids with those at the corresponding positions in ltb. these were used to investigate the influence of specific residues on receptor-binding specificity. a mutated ctb protein containing the first 25 resid ... | 1997 | 9179843 |
| volunteer studies investigating the safety and efficacy of live oral el tor vibrio cholerae o1 vaccine strain cvd 111. | a live oral cholera vaccine should ideally protect against both classical and el tor biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1. an el tor biotype vaccine strain, therefore, would complement classical cholera vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr, a strain already in use in some countries. in this study, 25 healthy adult volunteers received a single dose of 10s colony-forming units of el tor vaccine strain cvd 111, a derivative of el tor ogawa strain n16117 deleted in the virulence cassette. three (12%) volunteers dev ... | 1997 | 9180604 |
| efficacy of norfloxacin and doxycycline for treatment of vibrio cholerae 0139 infection. | an open randomised controlled clinical trial with 160 adults with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration compared the efficacy of varying regimens of norfloxacin and doxycycline for the treatment of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal. data were analysed for the 111 patients who were faeces culture positive for v. cholerae 0139. in addition to rehydration therapy, 28 patients received 300 mg of doxycycline as a single dose on admission, 26 patients received norfloxacin 400 mg bd ... | 1996 | 9182114 |
| outbreaks of cholera in nepal. | this paper presents the study of the etiological agents of diarrhea in children below 14 years of age, this study was conducted from may 1995 to april 1996. one thousand one hundred seven (1,107) children with acute diarrhea receiving oral rehydration therapy (ort) at national kanti children's hospital were included in this study. stool samples of these patients were investigated at the microbiology laboratory, department of microbiology, institute of medicine. none of the stool samples showed t ... | 1996 | 9185273 |
| recent trends on bacterial resistance to antibiotics. | antimicrobial resistance has become a major medical and public health problem. the main factor responsible for development and spread of bacterial resistance is injudicious use of antimicrobial agents which has resulted in most gram positive and gram negative bacteria continuously developing resistance to the antimicrobials in regular use at different time periods. in east africa, among e. coli in urinary tract infections, more than 80% are currently resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and te ... | 1997 | 9185405 |
| antibiotic resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae and shigella causing diarrhoea outbreaks in the eastern africa region: 1994-1996. | between march 1994 and december 1996, 1797 rectal swabs were transported to the amref laboratory from sites in six countries in the eastern africa region: 1749 were cultured for vibrio cholerae and 48 for shigella/salmonella. culture, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using standardized techniques. the isolates were categorized as sensitive or resistant based on standardized zones of inhibition. the rate of isolation of v. cholerae from rectal swabs i ... | 1997 | 9185422 |
| immune responses towards intestinal bacteria--current concepts and future perspectives. | the intestinal mucosa constitutes an important barrier as it separates each individual from a large array of antigens within the bowel lumen. these luminal antigens may either be derived from pathogens or may be derived from harmless constituents such as ingested food or the normal intestinal flora. the dichotomy of potentially harmful and potentially harmless antigens encountered by the mucosal immune system poses the important task that, with regard to bacteria-derived antigens, the gut associ ... | 1997 | 9188147 |
| cross-species induction of luminescence in the quorum-sensing bacterium vibrio harveyi. | different species of bacteria were tested for production of extracellular autoinducer-like activities that could stimulate the expression of the luminescence genes in vibrio harveyi. several species of bacteria, including the pathogens vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus, were found to produce such activities. possible physiological roles for the two v. harveyi detection-response systems and their joint regulation are discussed. | 1997 | 9190823 |
| simulation of protein-sugar interactions: a computational model of the complex between ganglioside gm1 and the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli. | the cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae (ct) and the 80% homologous heat-labile toxin of escherichia coli (lt) are two well-known cases of sugar-binding proteins. the gm1:toxin complexes were chosen as test cases for the elaboration of a computational approach to the modeling of protein-saccharide interactions. the reliability of the method was evaluated on the lt:lactose complex. a model of this complex was built by performing a mc/em conformational search of the sugar moiety within the binding ... | 1997 | 9191962 |
| intracellular transport and processing of protein toxins produced by enteric bacteria. | bacterial toxins are associated with disease in humans and animals. toxins can either be preformed in food or produced by bacteria in the intestine. there are two types of toxins: heat-labile protein toxins and heat stabile toxins. heat labile toxins are produced by bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae, and heat-stabile enterotoxins consisting of relatively few amino acids are produced by escherichia coli and acts by activation of guanylate cyclase. sim ... | 1997 | 9192018 |
| cholera and myocarditis--a case report. | the authors describe the case of a fifty-nine-year-old white man, previously in good health, who initiated his present illness with acute episode of enterocolitis characterized by mild fever and, in the next eight hours, twenty-four episodes of watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, as well as generalized sweating and severe weakness secondary to hypovolemia and electrolyte disorder. these complications were corrected in seventy-two hours in the intensive care unit. two days later, when the patie ... | 1997 | 9194541 |
| comparison of direct-plating and enrichment methods for isolation of vibrio cholerae from diarrhea patients. | a direct-plating method on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (dir-tcbs) in conjunction with enrichment in alkaline peptone water (apw) incubated for both 6 h and 24 h followed by subculture onto tcbs (apw6h-tcbs and apw24h-tcbs, respectively) was performed on 16,034 rectal swab samples for isolating vibrio cholerae. a total of 2,932 (18.3%) rectal swab samples were positive for v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor, with the ogawa serotype constituting 99.2% of the isolates. there were no sign ... | 1997 | 9196208 |
| cholera situation in the americas, 1996. | 1997 | 9197083 | |
| out with the jab, in with the painless pills. | 1997 | 9198701 | |
| protective immunity against clostridium difficile toxin a induced by oral immunization with a live, attenuated vibrio cholerae vector strain. | clostridium difficile causes pseudomembranous colitis through the action of rho-modifying proteins, toxins a and b. antibodies directed against c. difficile toxin a prevent or limit c. difficile-induced colitis. we engineered plasmid petr14, containing the hlyb and hlyd genes of the escherichia coli hemolysin operon, to express a fusion protein containing 720 amino acid residues from the nontoxic, receptor-binding, carboxy terminus of c. difficile toxin a and the secretion signal of e. coli hemo ... | 1997 | 9199470 |
| vlpa of vibrio cholerae o1: the first bacterial member of the alpha 2-microglobulin lipocalin superfamily. | we have identified a gene, vlpa, which is closely linked to the mfra,b locus associated with mannose-fucose-resistant haemagglutination. vlpa is an outer-membrane protein which can be labelled with [3h]palmitate and whose processing is globomycin-sensitive, suggesting that it is a lipoprotein. homology searches revealed that vlpa belongs to the group of lipocalins of the alpha 2-microglobulin superfamily which function as small hydrophobic molecule transporters, and is the first identified bacte ... | 1997 | 9202455 |