Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [antibiotic sensitivity to epidemic strains of vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated in rwandan refugee camps in zaire]. | multiresistance or epidemic enteric bacteria to antibiotics greatly complicates treatment, and in some cases prophylaxis, of severe invasive gastroenteritis. during the summer of 1994, two epidemics of diarrhea, one due to vibrio cholerae and the other to shigella dysenteriae 1 isolated from the goma and bukavu camps was determined by measurement of the agar minimal inhibitory concentration. multiresistance to tetracyclins, aminopenicillins, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, and nifuroxazide was obs ... | 1995 | 8830219 |
| expression of shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide in vibrio cholerae. | making use of a newly designed mobilizable suicide vector, the genetic determinants encoding shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) were stably integrated into the chromosome of the live attenuated vibrio cholerae vaccine strain cvd103-hgr. expression studies showed that the production of complete s. sonnei o-polysaccharide (o-ps)-bearing lps was limited in bivalent recombinant strains that were also proficient in the synthesis of the host-encoded inaba o-ps. conversely, high amounts of lps ca ... | 1996 | 8830276 |
| prescribing pattern by doctors for acute diarrhoea in children in delhi, india. | parents (mostly mothers) of 264 children aged less than 5 years with acute watery diarrhoea were interviewed about their treatment profile before hospitalization in delhi, india in 1993. only 22% of the cases were given prescriptions for oral rehydration solutions (ors), whereas a very high proportion (64%) of them were given drugs, including antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals and 40% were given intravenous fluids. the differences among the treatment groups were highly significant. the government a ... | 1995 | 8838825 |
| synthesis of the methyl alpha-glycosides of a di-, tri-, and a tetra-saccharide fragment mimicking the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype ogawa. | methyl 4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d- mannopyranoside was acetylated, and the fully protected methyl glycoside was treated with dichloromethyl methyl ether-zncl2 (dcmme-zncl2) reagent to give 3-o-acetyl-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3- deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-methyl-alpha-d-mannop yranosyl chloride (3). condensation of 3 with methyl 3-o-acetyl-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6- dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranoside (4) gave the fully ace ... | 1996 | 8839176 |
| [origin of the pathogenic vibrios in the environment: inference from the studies on the molecular genetics of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus]. | 1996 | 8840813 | |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease) causes morphological changes in cultured epithelial cells and perturbs their paracellular barrier function. | in this report, we describe the cytotoxic activity of the cholera hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease). a concentrated protein sample from the 37 degrees c overnight culture supernatant of cvd110, a delta ctxa, delta zot, delta ace and hlya::(ctxb mer) mutant of el tor biotype ogawa serotype strain e7946 caused morphological changes in cultured mdck-i epithelial cells and altered their arrangement of filamentous actin (f-actin) and zonula occludens-associated protein zo-1. the drastic morphologi ... | 1996 | 8844654 |
| in vitro growth of vibrio cholerae in cholera stool fluid leads to differential expression of virulence factors. | we report on the physiological response of vibrio cholerae upon growth on bacteria-free intestinal fluids prepared from feces of individuals in the acute phase of cholera. sterilized stool fluids supported growth of v. cholerae to reach 0.3-0.4 o.d. units (600 nm) at 37 degrees c. scanning electron microscopy showed vibrios to be slender and elongated as compared to bacteria in synthetic media. growth in stool fluid apparently induced expression of several immunoreactive proteins using cholera c ... | 1995 | 8845658 |
| [the first case of vibrio cholerae 0139 in denmark]. | we report the first case of v. cholerae o139 in denmark. in 1994, a 61-year-old vietnamese woman was admitted to aalborg hospital, denmark due to severe diarrhoea. the diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical characterization and agglutination in o139 antiserum of a strain isolated from a stool specimen. the woman had stayed in denmark after family reunion for nine months and had not travelled outside the country. she had not eaten any foods imported from southeast asia. the v. cholerae o139 isola ... | 1996 | 8848850 |
| [water disinfection: comparative activities of ozone and chlorine on a wide spectrum of bacteria]. | ozone and chlorine are agents that disinfect by destroying, neutralizing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. the treatment of drinking water with ozone has shown to be more efficient against spores of bacillus subtilis. it was observed that the ozone already in dose of 0.35 mg/l produced the reduction of at least 5 log in populations of approximately 1 x 10(6) cells/ml of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhi, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aero ... | 1995 | 8850129 |
| [determination of bactericidal antibodies directed against vibrio cholerae in an adult population in montevideo]. | uruguay is the only latinoamerican country that remains free of cholera. thus, to obtain a baseline for future diagnosis vibriocidal antibodies were investigated in 100 sera from blood donors serogroup "o". the reaction was carried out in microplates with live antigen ogawa vc 12. in 95% of sera, titers were below 160, suggesting a high degree of susceptibility to v. cholerae in the population. | 1995 | 8850130 |
| [isolation of vibrio cholerae in imported frozen seafood and their cholera-enterotoxin production]. | a survey study for vibrio cholerae in imported seafood was conducted during january 1991 to december 1994. a total of 7,439 specimens (approximately 20% of all imported food) were randomly picked up and examined for contamination of v. cholerae. among these, v. cholerae o1 were isolated from 9 specimens, but they were all cholerae enterotoxin (ct)-negative. in terms of v. cholerae non-o1, a total of 2,803 specimens (37.4%) were contaminated with this vibrio. shrimp, especially the ones still in ... | 1996 | 8851390 |
| non-o:1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia and peritonitis in a patient with nephrotic syndrome. | 1996 | 8852924 | |
| detection of viable vibrio cholerae by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | the use of conventional pcr can amplify target dna from both viable and nonviable cells of vibrio cholera. detection of only viable microbial pathogens in biological samples, especially clinical and food samples, is usually desired to ensure positive test results are associated with active agents, and not the remains of dead cells. positive identifications caused by nonliving causative agents may lead to misguided decisions concerning the effectiveness of treatment, and whether patient treatment ... | 1996 | 8853011 |
| factors influencing the stability of live oral attenuated bacterial vaccines. | live oral attenuated vaccines against typhoid fever (salmonella typhi ty21a) and cholera (vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr) have been licensed for human use. vaccine potency is dependent upon each dose containing a minimum number of viable organisms and galenic parameters. to ensure long-term stability, such vaccines must be stored at 5 degrees c +/- 3 degrees c. however, exposure to ambient temperatures (25 degrees c) for short periods of time (< 7 days) does not compromise vaccine potency. brief ex ... | 1996 | 8854028 |
| genetic manipulation of vibrio cholerae for vaccine development: construction of live attenuated el tor candidate vaccine strains. | the recent spread of el tor cholera to america augments the need for an effective, safe and economical vaccine. in the present paper we describe the construction of live attenuated v. cholerae strains by specifically deleting the genes encoding cholera toxin and other putative toxins from the bacterial chromosome. to maximize the likelihood of exposing protective antigens relevant to currently circulating vibrios we selected for genetic manipulation recent epidemic v. cholerae isolates from peru ... | 1996 | 8854382 |
| oral rehydration therapy. | oral rehydration solution (ors), the best treatment of dehydration due to acute diarrhea, is the most important medical advance of this century since it is key to reducing infant and child morbidity and mortality. pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea include those which produce enterotoxin at the intestinal mucosal surface, inducing secretion but are not invasive (e.g., vibrio cholerae); those which invade and disrupt the mucosal lining (e.g., shigella species); and rotavirus. the world he ... | 1996 | 8855579 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 isolated in the gallbladder of a patient presenting with cholecystitis. | cholera is a topical infection of the intestinal tract and rarely causes extraintestinal disease. the gallbladder has been proposed to be the reservoir of this organism. we present a patient from bolivia who developed symptoms of acute cholecystitis and whose bile culture grew vibrio cholerae 01 el tor. | 1996 | 8855762 |
| hlya hemolysin of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor. identification of the hemolytic complex and evidence for the formation of anion-selective ion-permeable channels. | hemolysin (hlya) was concentrated from supernatants of different vibrio cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor strains by ammonium sulfate precipitation. the concentration of the toxin in the supernatants and in the precipitates was quantified using its hemolytic activity. the toxin formed a high molecular-mass band (about 220 kda) on sds/page while the toxin monomer had a molecular mass of 60 kda when it was heated. the addition of the e1 tor hemolysin oligomers, but not that of the monomers, to the aqueou ... | 1996 | 8856066 |
| activation of bradykinin generating cascade by vibrio cholerae protease. | 1996 | 8856191 | |
| vibrio cholerae o1 meningitis in an immunosuppressed child. | 1996 | 8858687 | |
| genetic footprint on the toxr-binding site in the promoter for cholera toxin. | the transmembrane dna-binding protein, toxr, of vibrio cholerae is a global transcriptional regulator of virulence gene expression. toxr has been shown to interact with promoter regions upstream of both the ctxab operon encoding cholera toxin, and the regulatory gene toxt. deletion analysis has shown that a repeated sequence, ttttgat, is required for toxr binding and activation of the ctxab promoter. however, this sequence is not found upstream of the toxt promoter. genetic selections using p22 ... | 1996 | 8861218 |
| an imported cholera case infected with both o139 synonym bengal and o1 vibrio cholerae in japan. | 1995 | 8861860 | |
| overlaps and parallels in the regulation of intrinsic multiple-antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli. | chromosomally encoded systems present in a variety of bacteria appear to play a central role in determining the intrinsic level of resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. work with the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli has shown that there is significant similarity at the amino acid sequence level among the structural components of these resistance systems as well as among their genetic regulators. this review describes two of the better-studied regulatory systems, marrab and soxrs, ... | 1996 | 8866468 |
| detection of immunoglobulins on bacterial surface by laser flow cytometry: analysis between haemophilus influenzae type b and vibrio cholerae o1 of healthy mother-full term newborn sera. | the identification of human igg immunoglobulins on the surface of vibrio cholerae o1, and haemophilus influenzae type b microorganisms was assessed via a flow cytometric technique. a group of 31 healthy mother-full term newborn duo sera from a non-endemic cholera area was assayed. the sera of mothers and full-term newborns against both microorganisms were compared. the mean fluorescent intensity of the samples was not different at the 0.05 significance level by paired t-test. on the other hand, ... | 1996 | 8867370 |
| virulence-associated characteristics and phage lysogenicity of two morphologically distinct colonies of vibrio cholerae o139 serogroup. | the presence of a temperate phage was demonstrated in a strain of vibrio cholerae o139 isolated from a patient. spontaneous variants with translucent colonies had lost this phage. the loss of the phage was associated with increased hydrophobicity, indicating the loss of the capsule. these clones were sensitive to serum bactericidal activity, showed decreased expression of such presumed virulence factors as proteases, motility and mannose-sensitive pili. furthermore, excision of the phage made th ... | 1996 | 8869501 |
| resuscitation of vibrio cholerae o1 strain tsi-4 from a viable but nonculturable state by heat shock. | vibrio cholerae strain tsi-4 was incubated in an m9 salt solution at 15 degrees c for more than 100 days. the plate counts showed no viable cells on day 30, but a broth culture from that day showed the growth of bacteria. however, after 35 days the bacteria entered the nonculturable state, based on the assessment of both the plate counts and broth culture. a portion of the culture was heated at 45 degrees c for 1 min in a water bath and subsequently plated onto a nutrient agar plate. more than 1 ... | 1996 | 8869503 |
| unusual occurrence of cholera in delhi during january 1994: epidemiological investigations. | hundreds of laboratory-confirmed cholera cases occur every year in delhi. however from 1965 through 1993, no cases of cholera nor carriers of vibrio cholerae have been detected in the months january and february of all these years. nevertheless, two cases occurred in january 1994. both were children who acquired their infection locally. six hundred fifty-eight rectal swabs collected from possible contacts were negative for v. cholerae. the next isolations could be made only in april, which is th ... | 1996 | 8870404 |
| lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae o1 affects cholera toxin production. | the implication in cholera toxin (ct) production of the newly identified gene, lypa, that encodes the lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae, was investigated. introduction of lypa into the v. cholerae o1 mutant (nf404), which has a tn5-insertion in lypa and has lost ct as well as haemolysin production, restored the lysophospholipase activity and ct production but not the haemolytic activity. inactivation of the lypa gene of the wild-type strain by chromosomal integration of a plasmid containin ... | 1996 | 8871110 |
| emerging foodborne pathogens: escherichia coli o157:h7 as a model of entry of a new pathogen into the food supply of the developed world. | there would appear to be little argument that the large outbreaks of e. coli o157:h7 which have occurred since the early 1980s represent a distinct, new phenomenon. the number of reported cases have increased dramatically, starting from zero in 1981; however, it is also clear that this increase in reported cases is in part an artifact of improved surveillance and reporting. available data suggest that e. coli o157:h7 infections were present prior to 1982, although numbers appear to have been sma ... | 1996 | 8877329 |
| thomsen-friedenreich-related carbohydrate antigens in normal adult human tissues: a systematic and comparative study. | a broad variety of normal human tissues were examined for the expression of thomsen-friedenreich (tf)-related histo-blood group antigens, tf (gal beta 1-3galnac alpha 1-r), tn (tf precursor, galnac alpha 1-r), sialosyl-tn (neuac alpha 2-6galnac alpha 1-r), considered to be useful in cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, and sialosyl-tf, the cryptic form of tf. these antigens or, more correctly, glycotopes, were determined by immunohistochemistry with at least two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) each ... | 1996 | 8877380 |
| cloning and detection of the hemolysin gene of vibrio anguillarum. | a 5 kb dna fragment encoding a hemolysin was cloned from the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum using the cosmid vector charomid9-36. an open reading frame of the hemolysin gene (vah1) was 2253 bp and corresponded to a protein of 751 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of the vah1 gene and the previously reported vibrio cholerae ei tor hemolysin, v. vulnificus cytolysin-hemolysin, aeromonas hydrophila ahh1 hemolysin, and a. salmonicida ash4 hemolysin showed a significa ... | 1996 | 8878014 |
| electrophoretic mobility and immune response of outer membrane proteins of vibrio cholerae o139. | the outer membrane (om) protein components of a vibrio cholerae o1 and four v. cholerae o139 strains, collected from cholera patients, were analysed by sds-page. a protein of 69 kda molecular mass was observed only when the omps were prepared from strains grown in synthetic broth. as a result of passage in the rabbit ileal loop (ril), virulence was enhanced, and a protein component around 18 kda of the v. cholerae o139 om became the major protein component. on immunoblot analysis with rabbit ant ... | 1996 | 8880140 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae o1 on plastic materials. | survival of environmental and clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 was studied on glass and on two varieties of plastic materials. v. cholerae survived at least 2 days on glass, but was not recovered from polystyrene spoons after 15-20 min. escherichia coli survived for at least 2 days on both glass slides and plastic spoons. extracts, 10 and 50% (w/v) of ground plastic spoons in isotonic saline water, inactivated 10(4) vibrios in less than 2 h. isotonic saline water rinses from polyethylene b ... | 1996 | 8880308 |
| temporal shifts in traits of vibrio cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in calcutta: a 3-year (1993 to 1995) analysis. | this study presents results of a surveillance on cholera conducted with hospitalized patients admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta, india, from january 1993 to december 1995. the o139 serogroup of vibrio cholerae dominated in 1993 but was replaced by o1 as the dominant serogroup in 1994 and 1995. the isolation rate of v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 did not exceed 4.9% throughout the study period, while the isolation rate of the o139 serogroup in 1994 and 1995 was below 9%. no temp ... | 1996 | 8880516 |
| clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility and toxin production in vibrio cholerae o139 infection: comparison with v. cholerae o1 infection. | we prospectively compared the clinical features of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 in 242 men 18-60 years of age, with a history of diarrhoea of 24 h or less, and moderate or severe dehydration. the antimicrobial susceptibility of all of the v. cholerae strains isolated from these patients was determined, and in vitro cholera toxin production determined for 68 isolates. on admission, the 110 patients infected with v. cholerae o1 significantly more often had body temperatur ... | 1996 | 8882188 |
| motility mutants of vibrio cholerae o1 have reduced adherence in vitro to human small intestinal epithelial cells as demonstrated by elisa. | vibrio cholerae must colonize the human small intestine to cause diarrhoeal disease. v.cholerae strains n16961 (ei tor, inaba) and 395 (classical, ogawa) adhered to the epithelial cell surface and the mucus layer of isolated human small intestinal epithelial cells. they adhered specifically to the mucosa and apical membrane in thin sections of small intestine. no binding to the basolateral membrane of dissected epithelial tissue or to intracellular components of the epithelial cells was observed ... | 1996 | 8885392 |
| the o polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o76 is a homopolymer of n-[(s)-(+)-2-hydroxypropionyl]-alpha-l-perosamine. | chemical and serological studies of lps from vibrio cholerae o76 (o76) were performed. the lps of o76 contained d-glucose, d-galactose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, d-fructose, d-glucosamine, d-quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose) and l-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-mannopyranose). the sugar composition of the lps from o76 was quite similar to that of lps from v. cholerae o1 with the exception of the presence of a small amount of d-galactose in the lps of o76. however, perosamine, a m ... | 1996 | 8885404 |
| resurgence of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal with altered antibiogram in calcutta, india. | 1996 | 8888210 | |
| cloning and genetic analysis of the vibrio cholerae aminopeptidase gene. | the structural gene for the vibrio cholerae leucine aminopeptidase (lap) was cloned and sequenced. the cloned dna fragment contained a 1,503-bp open reading frame potentially encoding a 501-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 54,442 da. the deduced amino acid sequence of the entire protein showed high homology with the sequence of vibrio proteolyticus leucine aminopeptidase. the residues potentially involved in binding the zinc ions were completely conserved in the v. chol ... | 1996 | 8890197 |
| in vitro proteolytic processing and activation of the recombinant precursor of el tor cytolysin/hemolysin (pro-hlya) of vibrio cholerae by soluble hemagglutinin/protease of v. cholerae, trypsin, and other proteases. | vibrio cholerae produces a cytolytic toxin named el tor cytolysin/hemolysin which is encoded by the hlya gene. this cytolysin is produced as a 79-kda precursor form (pro-hlya) into the culture supernatant after cleavage of the signal peptide of the hlya product (prepro-hlya). the pro-hlya is then processed to a 65-kda mature cytolysin (mature hlya) after cleavage of the 15-kda n-terminal peptide (pro region) of the 79-kda precursor, usually at the bond between ala-157 and asn-158. we investigate ... | 1996 | 8890221 |
| role of the escherichia coli o157:h7 o side chain in adherence and analysis of an rfb locus. | shiga-toxigenic escherichia coli strains belonging to serotype o157 are important human pathogens, but the genetic basis of expression of the o157 antigen and the role played by the lipopolysaccharide o side chain in the adherence of this organism to epithelial cells are not understood. we performed tnphoa mutagenesis on e. coli o157:h7 strain 86-24 to identify a mutant (strain f12) deficient in o-antigen expression. nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that the transposon inserted within a ... | 1996 | 8890241 |
| immunocytochemical localization of 60-kda heat shock protein in vibrio cholerae. | the immunocytochemical localization of the 60-kda heat shock protein (hsp) in vibrio cholerae strain 569b was studied by transmission electron microscopy using a combination with the antigen-specific monoclonal antibody (5c3) and immunogold labelling. the labelling with gold particles in v. cholerae detected 2 types; the gold particles were exclusively detected in the cytoplasm for one type and in the periplasmic space for another type, suggesting that the 60-kda hsp of v. cholerae corresponding ... | 1996 | 8899969 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 in fish tank water. | 1996 | 8901258 | |
| the evolution and maintenance of virulence in microparasites. | in recent years, population and evolutionary biologists have questioned the traditional view that parasite-mediated morbidity and mortality¿virulence¿is a primitive character and an artifact of recent associations between parasites and their hosts. a number of hypotheses have been proposed that favor virulence and suggest that it will be maintained by natural selection. according to some of these hypotheses, the pathogenicity of hiv, vibrio cholerae, mycobacterium tuberculosis,theshigella,as wel ... | 1996 | 8903208 |
| cholera: foodborne transmission and its prevention. | the last several years have witnessed a tremendous increase in reported cholera cases across the globe. the explosive arrival of the seventh cholera pandemic in latin american in 1991, dramatic epidemics of cholera on the indian subcontinent and in southeast asia due to the newly recognized vibrio cholerae o139 strain, and the often deadly presence of cholera among populations affected by political and social upheaval in africa and eastern europe are evidence that many countries have failed to a ... | 1996 | 8905306 |
| lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli k12 strains that express cloned genes for the ogawa and inaba antigens of vibrio cholerae o1: identification of o-antigenic factors. | structural and serological studies were performed with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) expressed by escherichia coli k12 strains no. 30 and no. 64, into which cosmid clones derived from vibrio cholerae o1 nih 41 (ogawa) and nih 35a3 (inaba) had been introduced, respectively. the two recombinant strains, no. 30 (ogawa) and no. 64 (inaba), produced lps that included, in common, the o-polysaccharide chain composed of an alpha (1-->2)-linked n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronyl)-d-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dide ... | 1996 | 8908606 |
| serum antibacterial and antitoxin responses in clinical cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o139 bengal and evaluation of their importance in protection. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal strain was the causative agent of the recent epidemics of cholera in india and bangladesh. we studied antibacterial and antitoxin immune responses in acute and convalescent phase paired sera collected from seven of these cholera patients. significant rise in the levels of both antibacterial and antitoxin antibodies was demonstrable in the sera of convalescent cholera patients. antibacterial antibodies, directed primarily against o139 lipopolysaccharides (lps), belonge ... | 1996 | 8911010 |
| efficacy of octreotide in diarrhoea due to vibrio cholerae: a randomized, controlled trial. | although octreotide, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, is currently used in the treatment of chronic secretory diarrhoea due to various causes, its role in the management of acute secretory diarrhoea is not well established. in the present study, therefore, the therapeutic value of octreotide in the management of cholera, a classical example of acute secretory diarrhoea, was investigated. during an outbreak of cholera, patients admitted with acute secretory diarrhoea of < or = 24 h duratio ... | 1996 | 8915127 |
| cloning and characterization of dnae, encoding the catalytic subunit of replicative dna polymerase iii, from vibrio cholerae strain c6706. | we report that vibrio cholerae (vc) contains a gene homologous to escherichia coli dnae, the structural gene for the alpha (catalytic) subunit of replicative dna polymerase iii (poliii). despite 24% amino acid (aa) differences in the encoded proteins, the vc gene strongly complements an e. coli dnae temperature sensitive (ts) mutant, indicating that all functional features essential for replication are conserved. | 1996 | 8917113 |
| dimerisation of the glycophorin a transmembrane segment in membranes probed with the toxr transcription activator. | specific interactions between membrane spanning polypeptide segments are important for folding and oligomerisation of integral membrane proteins. previously the dimerisation of glycophorin a has been shown to depend on interactions between its transmembrane segment by studying chimeric proteins in detergent solution. here, we examined dimerisation of the glycophorin a transmembrane segment in a natural membrane employing the toxr transcription activator from vibrio cholerae. the toxr protein is ... | 1996 | 8918935 |
| enterotoxigenic enteric bacteria causing secretory diarrhoea. | two hundred and fifty enteric bacteria isolated from cases of secretory diarrhoea of all age groups were studied for their enterotoxigenicity and prevalence of drug resistance. the principal pathogens were escherichia coli 44.4%, vibrio cholerae 28.8%, salmonella typhimurium 19.2% and campylobacter jejuni 2.4%. 104 (42.6%) strains were enterotoxigenic; v. cholerae (100%), escherichia coli (25.2%) and non-e. coli enterobacteria (6.5%). while 89.3% and 100% enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and sal ... | 1995 | 8919105 |
| comparative effectiveness of co-trimoxazole and tetracycline in the treatment of cholera. | the purpose of the study reported here was to compare the bactericidal effectiveness of tetracycline and co-trimoxazole (a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) in treating cholera. the study, an open-ended random trial using adult patients with cholera cases confirmed by stool culture, was carried out in march 1993 at the cholera treatment unit (ctu) of the hospital de apoyo departmental maría auxiliadora in lima, peru. a total of 107 subjects were divided into two groups (a and b). ... | 1996 | 8919724 |
| vibrio mimicus diarrhea following ingestion of raw turtle eggs. | clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea associated with vibrio mimicus were identified in 33 hospitalized patients referred to the costa rican national diagnostic laboratory network between 1991 and 1994. the relevant symptoms presented by patients included abundant watery diarrhea, vomiting, and severe dehydration that required intravenous dhaka solution in 83% of patients but not fever. seroconversion against v. mimicus was demonstrated in four patients, from whom acute- and c ... | 1996 | 8919774 |
| versatile cosmid vectors for facilitated analysis and subcloning of the insert. | a series of cosmid vectors, termed pssvi215, pssvi216-1, pssvi216-2, pssvi217, and pssvi218, were constructed in order to facilitate the downstream processing of large inserts. each vector has dual cos sites as well as a kanamycin resistance (kmr) gene flanked by recognition sites for the very rare cutter i-scei meganuclease as well as symmetrical noti and swai sites (scekan cassette). several unique cloning sites, including bamhi, are present on one side of the cassette between the i-scei and n ... | 1996 | 8921890 |
| absence of periplasmic dsba oxidoreductase facilitates export of cysteine-containing passenger proteins to the escherichia coli cell surface via the iga beta autotransporter pathway. | the iga beta autotransporter function of iga1 protease from neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed in escherichia coli using the vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit (ctxb) as a heterologous passenger. n-terminal fusions with iga beta of native ctxb or mutant ctxb protein containing no cysteines were constructed and analysed in isogenic e. coli mutants carrying defects in either or both the ompt (outer membrane protease t) and dsba (periplasmic disulfide oxidoreductase) determinants. while export of the ... | 1996 | 8921899 |
| identification of an immunodominant t cell epitope on cholera toxin. | cholera toxin (ct), the enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae, is a potent mucosal immunogen as well as a strong mucosal adjuvant to related and unrelated antigens. the mucosal immune response to ct is t cell dependent and mhc class ii restricted. the epitopes on ct recognized by t cells have not been identified. the purpose of this study was to determine the fine specificity of t cell recognition of both the ct a subunit (ct-a) and the ct b subunit (ct-b) by using a range of synthetic peptides. after ... | 1996 | 8921943 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae eit or typing phage d10. | the vibrio cholerae eitor typing phage d10 was characterized. the adsorption kinetics of the phage on v. cholerae mak757 strain were biphasic in nature. intracellular growth was characterized by an eclipse period, latent period and burst size which were 20 min, 25 min and 80 particles per cell respectively. the phage yield was dependent on the concentration and time of addition of dna synthesis inhibitors such as nalidixic acid and novobiocin, and rna synthesis inhibitors such as rifampicin. the ... | 1996 | 8922484 |
| emerging & re-emerging bacterial pathogens in india. | in spite of major successes against infectious diseases in the 20th century, new infectious diseases have emerged and old ones re-emerged in recent decades in different parts of the world. a brief survey of emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases of public health importance in india is presented in this paper. plague re-appeared in two outbreaks in maharashtra and gujarat in 1994, indicating a breakdown of the public health measures that had prevented its occurrence for several decades. lept ... | 1996 | 8926026 |
| camp test for the identification of vibrio cholerae 0139. | the confirmation of the identity of vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 and serogroup 0139 is usually done by slide agglutination tests using specific antisera. antiserum to v. cholerae 01 is freely available but not antiserum to v. cholerae 0139, thus making specific identification of the latter more difficult. a modified camp (christie atkins and muench - paterson) test has been described as a possibility in the identification of v. cholerae 0139 and we have evaluated this on 197 strains of organisms ... | 1996 | 8926028 |
| purification and characterization of novel hemagglutinins from vibrio mimicus: a 39-kilodalton major outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide. | two hemagglutinins (has) mediating the agglutinability to rabbit erythrocytes were isolated from 32-h culture supernatant of enterotoxigenic strain e-33 of vibrio mimicus by ultrafiltration followed by gel filtration and anion-exchange column chromatography. the has were designated r-ha and c-ha on the basis of specific hemagglutinating activity towards rabbit erythrocytes only (r-ha) and towards chicken and rabbit erythrocytes (c-ha). sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis an ... | 1996 | 8926065 |
| development of a germfree mouse model of vibrio cholerae infection. | a mouse model of vibrio cholerae infection was successfully developed with germfree mice. three- to four-week-old germfree mice were orally inoculated with strains of v. cholerae to be tested and then moved to normal housing after inoculation. stool culture, measurement of serum vibriocidal antibody titers, and determination of immune responses to the cholera toxin b subunit demonstrated that germfree mice are readily colonized by v cholerae and develop systemic and mucosal immune responses to a ... | 1996 | 8926115 |
| [creating a system of conjugated chromosome transfer and genetic mapping of vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 chromosomes]. | a conjugational gene transfer system consisting of donor and recipient strains has been developed for genetic analysis of vibrio cholerae 0139 serogroup, a new cholera agent. donor strains constructed using the tn5-mob carrying the origin of transfer (ori t) of plasmid rp4 and helper plasmid prp4-4 were able to perform a directed transfer of chromosomal markers. recipient strains carried mutations in auxotrophic genes as well as in virulence genes. based on this gene transfer system, a genetic m ... | 1996 | 8927057 |
| [cholera in goma, july 1994. bioforce]. | in 1994, between july 14 and july 20, around one million of rwandan refugees fled to the north kivu region of zaire. in spite of the existence of favorable conditions for cholera, it was necessary to wait until the laboratories isolated the first strain of cholera, on july 20 and 21, before the international community took action in one of the most important outbreaks of cholera known. the total number of cases of cholera was 36 471, of which half occurred between july 21 and july 27, reaching a ... | 1996 | 8927778 |
| cholera imported into england and wales, 1995. | 1996 | 8929794 | |
| integration of the dna of a novel filamentous bacteriophage vsk from vibrio cholerae 0139 into the host chromosomal dna. | an unusual filamentous bacteriophage, vsk, containing single-stranded, circular dna as its genome was isolated from vibrio cholerae 0139 strains p07 and b04. unlike other single-stranded dna phages, vsk can integrate its genome into the chromosome of the host and enter into a lysogenic state. the double-stranded replicative form (rf) of the single-stranded phage dna was isolated. a restriction map of the vsk rf dna was constructed using haeii, avaii, clai and xbai. by southern blot analysis of t ... | 1996 | 8931321 |
| aeromonas trota strains, which agglutinate with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal antiserum, possess a serologically distinct fimbrial colonization factor. | pili of aeromonas trota strain 1220, which agglutinates with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal antiserum, were purified and characterized. the molecular mass of the subunit protein was estimated to be 20 kda and the pl was 5 center dot 4. the pili were immunologically unrelated to the other aeromonas pili reported so far. however, the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the subunit pilin was similar to those of the pilins from other aeromonas pili reported previously. neither a. trota cells nor pili pur ... | 1996 | 8932704 |
| identifying bacterial genes--a cautionary tale. | 1996 | 8936300 | |
| use of vibrio spp. for expression of escherichia coli enterotoxin b subunit fusion proteins: purification and characterization of a chimera containing a c-terminal fragment of dna polymerase from herpes simplex virus type 1. | the nontoxic b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etxb) is a convenient carrier molecule for the attachment and delivery of heterologous peptides into eukaryotic cells. to evaluate the properties of such etxb-based fusion proteins an efficient method for their production and purification is required. high-level production and purification of native etxb has been achieved using heterologous expression and secretion in a marine vibrio (amin, t., and hirst, t. r., 1994, protein ex ... | 1996 | 8936601 |
| outbreaks of cholera in kathmandu valley in nepal. | an analysis of the seasonal outbreak of diarrhoea in children in kathmandu, nepal, is reported. vibrio cholera, 01 biotype el tor ogawa was the major cause of this epidemic. the pattern of spread suggested a waterborne infection related to contaminated river water and this was confirmed by a field survey. although the mortality rate was low, younger children were more susceptible. enteropathogenic e. coli seems to be a major cause for diarrhoea after cholera amongst children in this study. | 1996 | 8936965 |
| ciprofloxacin for treating cholera. | 1996 | 8937293 | |
| synthesis of eight glycosides of hexasaccharide fragments representing the terminus of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba and ogawa, bearing aglycons suitable for linking to proteins. | the title substances were prepared from intermediate, fully acetylated alpha-trimethylsilylethyl (se) glycosides. the latter were assembled in a blockwise manner, using as the glycosyl donor the alpha-glycosyl chloride of a disaccharide bearing two 4-azido-4-deoxy functions. next, the azido groups in the assembled hexasaccharides were converted to the corresponding amines, and these were acylated with 4-o-benzyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. the ... | 1996 | 8938375 |
| cholera: nice bacteria and bad viruses. | the genes coding for cholera toxin are borne on, and can be infectiously transmitted by, a filamentous bacteriophage, raising intriguing questions about the mechanisms and evolution of bacterial pathogenesis, and the taxonomy, epidemiology and control of cholera and other bacterial diseases. | 1996 | 8939591 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 can assume a chlorine-resistant rugose survival form that is virulent for humans. | vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" colonial morphology associated with expression of an amorphous exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation. flow cytometric studies indicated that up to 3% of particles in rugose cultures represented aggregates of >5 bacterial cells. rugose variants of our test strains displayed resistance to killing by chlorine, with viable cells persisting for >30 min in 2 mg/l free chlorine; strains also showed resistance to killing by complement-mediated serum bac ... | 1996 | 8940236 |
| cloning and sequence of a region of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal and its use in pcr-based detection. | we isolated and characterized a vibrio cholerae o139 bengal-specific dna region by arbitrary pcr. the fragment contains open reading frames encoding two potential glycosyltransferases possibly involved in capsular polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. in order to evaluate the possibility that this region could be used for the specific detection of v. cholerae o139 bengal, a pcr system was established. the specificity and sensitivity of the pcr were investigated by analyzing 240 stra ... | 1996 | 8940420 |
| active surveillance for vibrio cholerae o1 and vibriophages in sewage water as a potential tool to predict cholera outbreaks. | the 1991 peruvian cholera epidemic has thus far been responsible for 600,000 cholera cases in peru. in an attempt to design a cholera surveillance program in the capital city of lima, weekly sewage samples were collected between august 1993 and may 1996 and examined for the presence of vibrio cholerae o1 bacteria and v. cholerae o1 bacteriophages (i.e., vibriophages). during the 144 weeks of surveillance, 6,323 cases of clinically defined cholera were recorded in lima. we arbitrarily defined an ... | 1996 | 8940432 |
| purification and characterization of a pilus of a vibrio cholerae strain: a possible colonization factor. | a new flexible type of pilus was purified from vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-0139 strain nagv14 and characterized. the molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be 20 kda, and the antigenicity differed from that of known pili such as toxin-coregulated pili, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinating pili, v10 pili, and al-1841 pili. the nagv14 pilus was regarded as a colonization factor because the purified pili adhered to rabbit intestine and adhesion was inhibited by treating the organisms with the f ... | 1996 | 8945571 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the ompu outer membrane protein of vibrio cholerae. | the ompu outer membrane protein is a member of the toxr regulon of vibrio cholerae and has recently been shown to be a potential adherence factor for this species. using pcr and degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on internal peptide sequences of purified ompu, we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding ompu. the ompu gene is predicted to encode a 36,646-molecular-weight protein which is present in both cholera toxin-positive and -negative v. cholerae o1 and o139 strains. | 1996 | 8945596 |
| [cholera caused by non-01 v. cholerae]. | 1996 | 8948862 | |
| global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. | the origin of cholera has been elusive, even though scientific evidence clearly shows it is a waterborne disease. however, standard bacteriological procedures for isolation of the cholera vibrio from environmental samples, including water, between epidemics generally were unsuccessful. vibrio cholerae, a marine vibrio, requiring salt for growth, enters into a dormant, viable but nonculturable stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and reproduction. the association of vibrio cholerae wi ... | 1996 | 8953025 |
| [emergence of toxigenic vibrio cholerae strains on non-o1 serotype as a result of the exchange of genetic information]. | to study the possibilities of genetic exchange between vibrio cholerae of o1 and non-o1 serogroups, donor and recipient strains were developed. it was shown that toxicogenic strains of v. cholerae non-o1 appeared in vitro and in vivo as the result of conjugative transfer of rfb-nag genes from avirulent v. cholerae non-o1 strains to toxicogenic strains belonging to v. cholerae o1 classical and eltor biovars. these genes are responsible for synthesis of o antigen of non-o1 serotype. it was establi ... | 1996 | 8964461 |
| the toxin-coregulated pilus is a colonization factor and protective antigen of vibrio cholerae el tor. | we have previously shown that insertional inactivation of tcpa, the gene encoding the major pilin subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), renders vibrio cholerae o1 strains of el tor biotype virtually avirulent in the infant mouse cholera model (imcm). we now report that more refined mutants, bearing an in-frame deletion in tcpa, show a similar dramatic attenuation in vivo. in mixed-infection competition experiments the ratio of wild-type:mutant vibrios increased c. 10(3)-10(5) fold during ... | 1996 | 8965675 |
| cholera from raw seaweed transported from the philippines to california. | in march 1994, a california woman without any recent travel developed acute, profuse, watery diarrhea. her astute physician diagnosed cholera after ordering the appropriate stool culture, and the patient improved on an oral antibiotic. epidemiologic investigation implicated seaweed from the philippines that was transported by a friend to california and subsequently eaten raw as the vehicle of infection. | 1997 | 8968927 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae o139 from the drinking water supply during an epidemic of cholera. | in mid-1994, the public water supply was investigated in a medium-sized town in south india during an epidemic of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139. vibrio cholerae o139 was isolated from the public water supply including one of the wells supplying the town, the central overhead tank, and domestic taps connected to the public supply. following chlorination, the organism was no longer isolated from the water supply and the epidemic subsided. this demonstration of v. cholerae o139 in the drinkin ... | 1996 | 8980601 |
| an n-[(r)-(-)-2-hydroxypropionyl]-alpha-l-perosamine homopolymer constitutes the o polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae o144 which has antigenic factor(s) in common with v. cholerae o76. | chemical and serological studies were performed with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio cholerae o144 (o144). the lps of o144 contained d-glucose, d-galactose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, d-fructose, d-quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-d-gluco-pyranose) and l-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-l-manno-pyranose). the perosamine, a major component sugar of the lps from o144, was in an l-configuration, as is also the case in the lps from v. cholerae o76 (o76), in contrast to the d-configuration ... | 1996 | 8981346 |
| purification of vibrio cholerae fur and estimation of its intracellular abundance by antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the vibrio cholerae fur gene was previously cloned and sequenced. a putative fur box was identified in the divergent promoters of irga, a virulence factor of v. cholerae, and irgb, a transcriptional activator of irga. in this work, v. cholerae fur was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified to approximately 95% homogeneity. the purified protein bound a dna fragment containing the irga-irgb promoter in a gel shift assay. the purified protein was used to raise monoclonal and polyclonal anti ... | 1997 | 8982004 |
| identification, sequencing, and enzymatic activity of the erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of vibrio cholerae. | we have identified a gene in vibrio cholerae (epd) which encodes an erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and is located immediately downstream of an iron-regulated virulence gene, irga, and immediately upstream of a gene encoding phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk). expression of epd in v. cholerae is not regulated by iron, nor is it required for virulence in an infant mouse model. | 1997 | 8982014 |
| [ultrastructural changes in the interstitial cells of the kidney medullary substance in suckling rabbits with experimental cholera]. | a culture of virulent selection of cholera vibrios l-top 5879 was introduced through the probe to suckling rabbits-pups 10 to 12 days old. ultrastructural changes of interstitial cells and capillaries of kidney medulla were studied. during vibrio adhesion (4 hrs after the inaction) interstitial cells acquire dystrophic changes, lipid granules content reduces, while vascular permeability grows higher which suggests the presence of prostaglandin precursors elimination into blood flow. cholera deve ... | 1996 | 8983487 |
| tcbs for the isolation of vibrio cholerae. | 1996 | 8987412 | |
| purification and characterization of n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate deacetylase with activity against n-acetylglucosamine from vibrio cholerae non-o1. | an enzyme that deacetylates n-acetylglucosamine to glucosamine from vibrio cholerae non-o1 was purified to homogeneity by sequential procedures. the native enzyme had a molecular mass of 190,000 da and was predicted to be composed of four identical subunits with molecular masses of 45,000 da. the purified enzyme hydrolyzed n-acetylglucosamine, n-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate, and n-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate, but not chitin oligosaccharides, and n-acetylgalactosamine. the deacetylase activity w ... | 1996 | 8987551 |
| cyclic amp and its receptor protein negatively regulate the coordinate expression of cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pilus in vibrio cholerae. | insertion mutations in two vibrio cholerae genes, cya and crp, which encode adenylate cyclase and the cyclic amp (camp) receptor protein (crp), respectively, derepressed the expression of a chromosomal cholera toxin (ct) promoter-lacz fusion at the nonpermissive temperature of 37 degrees c. in the classical biotype strain o395, the crp mutation increased the production of both ct and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) in vitro under a variety of growth conditions not normally permissive for their exp ... | 1997 | 8990197 |
| intestinal and systemic immune responses in humans after oral immunization with a bivalent b subunit-o1/o139 whole cell cholera vaccine. | there is a need for an effective vaccine that can protect against cholera caused by either vibrio cholerae o1 or by the new pandemic serotype o139 bengal. an oral bivalent b subunit-o1/o139 whole cell (b-o1/o139 wc) cholera vaccine has been prepared by adding formalin-killed o139 vibrios to the recently licensed oral recombinant b-o1 wc vaccine. when tested in swedish volunteers, this b-o1/o139 wc vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic. two vaccine doses given 2 weeks apart induced statist ... | 1996 | 8994322 |
| antimicrobial resistance in organisms causing diarrheal disease. | antimicrobial resistance is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of enteric infections, particularly those due to shigella, vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (associated with traveler's diarrhea), and salmonella typhi. the rate of antimicrobial resistance is highest in the developing world, where the use of antimicrobial drugs is relatively unrestricted. of greatest immediate concern is the need for an effective, inexpensive antimicrobial that can be used safely as tr ... | 1997 | 8994788 |
| carbohydrate-mediated regulation of interaction of vibrio cholerae hemolysin with erythrocyte and phospholipid vesicle. | vibrio cholerae hemolysin is an extracellular pore-forming monomeric protein with a native molecular weight of about 60,000. in this study, we showed that the hemolysin interacted with immobilized phospholipids and cholesterol and formed oligomers in vesicles constituted from phospholipids alone with a stoichiometry identical to those produced in rabbit erythrocyte membrane. however, the hemolysin bound to glycoproteins with terminal beta1-galactosyl residues and an association constant of 9.4 x ... | 1997 | 8995242 |
| intramolecular chaperone activity of the pro-region of vibrio cholerae el tor cytolysin. | vibrio cholerae synthesizes a toxin named el tor cytolysin/hemolysin, which lyses erythrocytes and other mammalian cells. this toxin is encoded by the hlya gene and is synthesized as a precursor form, prepro-hlya. prepro-hlya consists of, from the amino terminus of this protein, a signal peptide, a pro-region, and a mature region. the pro-region is cleaved off extracellularly resulting in activation. to analyze the role of the pro-region, we substituted the native hlya gene with the pro-region-d ... | 1997 | 8995441 |
| [comparative study of the synthesis and specificity of enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae o139 serotype using monoclonal antibodies]. | strains of v. cholerae serovar 0139 showed a higher intensity of multiplication and lesser nutritive requirements and produced 2-5 times higher amounts of enterotoxin during in-depth culturing than cholera vibrios of groups o1 and non-o1. r-forms of v. cholerae were characterized by the highest production of toxin. dot-immunoanalysis and immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the identity of cholera toxin and enterotoxin of v. cholerae serovar o139. the authors come to a conclusi ... | 1996 | 8999316 |
| expression of sulfated gangliosides in the central nervous system. | several sulfated lipids were detected in the ganglioside fraction isolated from a cell line of oligodendrocyte progenitors that had been metabolically labeled with [35s] sulfate. separation of the ganglioside fraction by two-dimensional tlc showed that, except for galactosylceramide-sulfate, none of the sulfate-labeled lipids comigrated with those glycosphingolipids visualized by orcinol staining, indicating that these sulfolipids were quantitatively minor components. at least eight sulfate-labe ... | 1997 | 9003081 |
| characterization of the adaptive response to ionizing radiation induced by low doses of x-rays to vibrio cholerae cells. | pretreatment with sublethal doses of x-rays induced an adaptive response in vibrio cholerae cells as indicated by their greater resistance to the subsequent challenging doses of x-irradiation. the adaptive response was maximum following a pre-exposure dose of 1.7 gy x-rays and an optimum incubation period of 40 min at 37 degrees c. pre-exposure to a sublethal dose of 1.7 gy x-rays made the vibrio cholerae cells 3.38-fold more resistant to the subsequent challenge by x-rays. pretreatment with a s ... | 1996 | 9003538 |
| hyperglycemia during childhood diarrhea. | to determine the cause of hyperglycemia in childhood diarrhea. | 1997 | 9003850 |
| [mechanisms of resistance to quinolones and current level of sensitivity of clinically important microorganisms to ofloxacin]. | the data on the mechanisms of microbial resistance to fluoroquinolones are presented. comparison of the susceptibility levels of the microorganisms isolated on the territory of russia showed that among the gram-negative opportunistic isolates 84 per cent was susceptible to ofloxacin, 45 per cent to ampicillin/sulbactam, 70 per cent to cefotaxime, 80 per cent to ceftazidime, 85 per cent to amikacin and 62 per cent to gentamicin. among the salmonella, shigella and vibrio cholerae isolates no strai ... | 1996 | 9005782 |
| unexpected carbohydrate cross-binding by escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. recognition of human and rabbit target cell glycoconjugates in comparison with cholera toxin. | the bacterial protein enterotoxins, cholera toxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae and heat-labile toxin (lt) of escherichia coli, induce diarrhea by enhancing the secretory activity of the small intestine of man and rabbit (animal model). this physiological effect is mediated by toxin binding to a glycolipid receptor, the ganglioside gm1, gal beta 3galnac beta 4(neuac alpha 3)gal beta 4glc beta 1cer. however, lt, but not ct, was recently shown by us to bind also to paragloboside, gal beta 4glcnac beta 3 ... | 1996 | 9007276 |