Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| epidemic of diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae non-o1 that produced heat-stable toxin among khmers in a camp in thailand. | an epidemic of a cholera-like disease occurred among khmers in a camp in aranyaprathet, thailand, in may 1990. of 215 patients with diarrhea, vibrio cholerae o1 was isolated from 25 (12%) and v. cholerae non-o1 was isolated from 15 (7%). five of 15 (33%) non-o1 v. cholerae isolates hybridized with two different oligonucleotide probes previously used to detect v. cholerae non-o1 that produces a heat-stable toxin. this is the first description of an epidemic of diarrhea caused by v. cholerae non-o ... | 1993 | 8501234 |
| an outbreak of cholera in maryland associated with imported commercial frozen fresh coconut milk. | in august 1991, the first outbreak of cholera associated with an imported commercial food product occurred among persons attending a private picnic. an epidemiologic investigation showed infection with toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, biotype el tor, serotype ogawa, in 4 of 6 persons who had consumed coconut milk imported from thailand. in addition, the us food and drug administration recovered toxigenic v. cholerae o1, biotype el tor, serotype ogawa, from 1 of 6 unopened bags of the same brand (bu ... | 1993 | 8501322 |
| effect of sodium chloride, ph and organic nutrients on the motility of vibrio cholerae non-01. | using a simple method of semi-solid agar (0.2%) in u-tubes, the effect of temperature, nacl, ph and nutrients on the motility of environmental vibrio cholerae non-01 was elucidated. under aerobic respiration succinate and pyruvate, which are metabolic intermediates, increased the motility rate, with succinate having the greatest influence. glucose and benzoic acid reduced the motility rate of most of the strains. optimum motility was obtained at ph 8.6 and 9.1 in all strains examined. acidic ph ... | 1993 | 8502172 |
| release of the outer membrane vesicles from vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | we found numerous small vesicles released from the cell by thin sectioning of the plate culture of vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus fixed with the freeze-substitution technique. from the broth media of exponentially growing bacteria we could collect the vesicles by the centrifugation but not enough without fixation. the vesicles are encompassed with a membrane structure similar to the outer membrane of these bacteria. the anti-o (inaba) serum reacted with the surface of the vesicles and t ... | 1993 | 8502178 |
| n-3-hydroxypropionyl-alpha-d-perosamine homopolymer constituting the o-chain of lipopolysaccharides from vibrio bioserogroup 1875 possessing antigenic factor(s) in common with o1 vibrio cholerae. | a structural study was performed by 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy and methylation analysis of the o-chain of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from vibrio bioserogroup 1875 possessing antigenic factor(s) in common with o1 vibrio cholerae. it was demonstrated to contain a linear homopolymer of (1-->2)-linked n-3-hydroxypropionyl-alpha-d-perosamine [4-(3-hydroxypropanamido)-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-mannopyranose], which is very similar to, but not identical with, both (1-->2)-linked linear n-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetrony ... | 1993 | 8503886 |
| recurrent non-0:1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia in a patient with multiple myeloma. | episodes of bacteremia with non-0:1 vibrio cholerae are rarely reported, even though the organism is endemic along the gulf coast of the united states. recurrent episodes of bacteremia with non-0:1 v. cholerae are described even more rarely. a patient is reported who had multiple myeloma and experienced two episodes of bacteremia with non-0:1 v. cholerae. | 1993 | 8508394 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus has a homolog of the vibrio cholerae toxrs operon that mediates environmentally induced regulation of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene. | in an effort to identify the regulatory gene controlling the expression of the tdh gene, encoding the thermostable direct hemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus, we examined total dna of aq3815 (a kanagawa phenomenon-positive strain) for sequences homologous to that of the toxr gene of vibrio cholerae. the extracted dna gave a weak hybridization signal under reduced-stringency conditions with a toxr-specific dna probe. cloning and sequence analysis of the probe-positive sequence revealed an operon ... | 1993 | 8509337 |
| [bacteremia caused by vibrio cholerae 0:1]. | 1993 | 8512979 | |
| nucleotide sequence encoding the mannose-fucose-resistant hemagglutinin of vibrio cholerae o1 and construction of a mutant. | the region of dna encoding the mannose-fucose-resistant hemagglutinin (mfrha) of vibrio cholerae o1 has been localized, and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. the region contains a single open reading frame encoding 230 amino acids, corresponding to a protein of 26.9 kda. the n terminus of this protein is atypical for a protein localized in the outer membrane. a mutant lacking mfrha activity has been constructed by allelic exchange after inactivation via the insertion of a kanamycin re ... | 1993 | 8514410 |
| imported cholera associated with a newly described toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 strain--california, 1993. | 1993 | 8515739 | |
| evaluation of the efficacy of different antibiotics in inhibiting colonisation of vibrio cholerae o1 in the rabbit intestine. | the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and tetracycline in prevention of colonisation of v. cholerae o1 in the rabbit intestine were tested. v. cholerae o1 highly colonised the gut of rabbits which did not receive any antibiotic. all antibiotics tested inhibited the colonisation of v. cholerae o1 within the rabbit intestine. moreover, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were found to be as effective as tetracycline suggesting that these drugs should be subjected to clinical trials for the treatmen ... | 1993 | 8518514 |
| corresponding type-specificity of vibriocidal and agglutinating activities of vibrio cholerae antisera: relevance to vaccine immunogenicity. | cholera vibrios can be allocated to one of three biotypes (classical, intermediate and el tor), each of which can be sub-divided into two serotypes (ogawa and inaba). vibriocidal tests with absorbed antisera have shown no evidence of biotype specificity in the killing of bacteria, but they have confirmed the role of the two serotype-specific antigens in immunity to cholera. the same presence of serotype specificity, and absence of biotype specificity, has been found by bacterial agglutination, ... | 1993 | 8519314 |
| protective effect of saccharomyces boulardii against the cholera toxin in rats. | the effect of orogastric administration of saccharomyces boulardii on the anatomopathological aspect of the jejunal villi was studied in male fischer rats (weighing about 40 g) orogastrically infected with a culture of vibrio cholerae. experimental and control groups received lyophilized s. boulardii (25 mg suspended in 0.5 ml saline) or 0.5 ml saline, respectively, three times a day for 10 days by gastric intubation. on day 5 of treatment, 0.5 ml of a culture of v. cholerae containing 10(8) via ... | 1995 | 8520525 |
| characterization of an internal permissive site in the cholera toxin b-subunit and insertion of epitopes from human immunodeficiency virus-1, hepatitis b virus and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | we previously described the construction of novel hybrid proteins based on the b-subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) [bäckström et al., gene 149 (1994) 211-217], in which a neutralizing b-cell epitope from the third variable (v3) loop in the envelope glycoprotein gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was inserted within a surface-exposed region between amino acids (aa) 55 and 64. the resulting protein retained properties of native ctb and could induce strong anti-ctb antibody (ab) re ... | 1995 | 8522171 |
| epidemiology of vibrio cholerae o139 with special reference to intrafamilial transmission in calcutta. | a total of 27 families of hospitalised patients (index case families) suffering from acute watery diarrhoea caused by vibrio cholerae o139, and 14 neighbourhood families were bacteriologically screened for 4 consecutive days to determine the extent of v. cholerae o139 infection amongst healthy contacts and other suspected vehicles of transmission at the intrafamilial level. v. cholerae o139 was isolated from faeces of 14.6% of healthy contacts in index case families as compared to none in neighb ... | 1995 | 8522831 |
| cell wall antigens in vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, a causative agent of new epidemics. | 1995 | 8524919 | |
| immunochemical aspects of lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, a new epidemic strain for recent, fast-spreading cholera in the indian subcontinent. | 1995 | 8524922 | |
| genital-associated lymphoid tissue in female non-human primates. | we investigated genital-associated lymphoid tissue (genalt) in non-human primates (macaques), by augmenting vaginal with oral immunization. the vaccine was a recombinant particulate siv antigen (p27:ty-vlp), linked to ct-b, and administered into the vagina by a paediatric naso-gastric tube and into the stomach by a gastric tube. oro-vaginal or vagino-oral sequence of immunization elicited specific cd4+ t cell proliferative responses to p27 antigen in the genital lymph nodes and the spleen but no ... | 1995 | 8525944 |
| alterations of galt due to malnutrition and decrease in the secretory immune response to cholera toxin. | 1995 | 8525978 | |
| a putative pathway for biosynthesis of the o-antigen component, 3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronic acid, based on the sequence of the vibrio cholerae o1 rfb region. | the nucleotide sequence of a region of the rfb genes, encoding biosynthesis of the vibrio cholerae (vc) o1 o-antigen, was determined. analysis of the open reading frames (orfs) within this region has revealed similarities with a number of different classes of biosynthetic proteins and enzymes. the orfs have been designated rfbk, rfbl, rfbm, rfbn and rfbo. rfbk is a small, acidic protein which has similarity to the family of proteins known as acyl-carrier proteins (acp). the rfbl protein has simi ... | 1995 | 8529890 |
| a putative pathway for perosamine biosynthesis is the first function encoded within the rfb region of vibrio cholerae o1. | the first four genes (rfba,b,d,e) of the rfb region of vibrio cholerae o1 are predicted to encode the enzymes required for the biosynthesis of perosamine, which constitutes the backbone structure of the o-antigen of the lipopolysaccharide. based on homology to known proteins/protein families, the following functions are predicted: rfba, phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphosphomannose pyrophosphorylase; rfbb, phosphomanno-mutase; rfbd, oxido reductase and rfbe, perosamine synthetase (amino-tr ... | 1995 | 8529891 |
| regulation of tcp genes in classical and el tor strains of vibrio cholerae o1. | expression of genes encoding the toxin-co-regulated pilus (tcp) varies between the two biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1. sequence analysis of the tcp locus from the classical and el tor strains has revealed differences in the intergenic regions between tcpi and tcpp, and tcph and tcpa, which may be involved in regulation. to investigate this possibility, transcription of tcpa, and the predicted upstream promoters for tcpi and tcpp, has been analysed in the classical and el tor strains using promot ... | 1995 | 8529892 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae el tor cytolysin as an oligomerizing pore-forming toxin. | v. cholerae el tor cytolysin is a secreted, water-soluble protein of m(r) 60,000 that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of acute diarrhea. in this communication, we demonstrate that the toxin binds to and oligomerizes in target membranes to form sds-stable aggregates of m(r) 200,000-250,000 that generate small transmembrane pores. pores formed in erythrocytes were approximately 0.7 nm in size, as demonstrated by osmotic protection experiments. binding was shown to occur in a temperature-indepe ... | 1995 | 8538577 |
| rapid detection of vibrio cholerae contamination of seafood by polymerase chain reaction. | the possibility of detecting vibrio cholerae contamination of seafood using a technique based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was studied. direct pcr on lysate prepared from fish homogenates containing 10(3) v. cholerae/ml gave a positive reaction. when combined with alkaline peptone water (apw) enrichment, homogenates containing 1.4 cells/ml gave amplification signal. the technique could also detect v. cholerae o139, the recent epidemic serotype in the indian subcontinent. an environmental i ... | 1995 | 8541985 |
| epidemic cholera in latin america: spread and routes of transmission. | in the most recent epidemic of cholera in latin america, nearly a million cases were reported and almost 9000 people died between january 1991 and december 1993. the epidemic spread rapidly from country to country, affecting in three years all the countries of latin america except uruguay and the caribbean. case-control studies carried out in peru showed a significant association between drinking water and risk of disease. cholera was associated with the consumption of unwashed fruit and vegetab ... | 1995 | 8544225 |
| [epidemic of cholera due to a new serogroup vibrio cholerae o139 bengal]. | 1995 | 8544342 | |
| cholera in the united states. | cholera remains a threat to human health in many parts of the world, including the united states. the epidemiology of cholera is reviewed to prepare for identification and prevention of the disease in appropriate clinical settings. the clinical manifestations of cholera and the pathophysiology of the toxin-induced diarrhea are reviewed to introduce and to clarify appropriate therapeutic and preventive interventions. | 1995 | 8548982 |
| antimicrobial treatment of adults with cholera due to vibrio cholerae 0139 (synonym bengal). | 1995 | 8549400 | |
| antimicrobial treatment of cholera. | 1995 | 8549402 | |
| physical linkage of the vibrio cholerae mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin secretory and structural subunit gene loci: identification of the mshg coding sequence. | vibrio cholerae o1 expresses a variety of cell surface factors which mediate bacterial adherence and colonization at the intestinal epithelium. the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha), a type iv pilus, is a potential attachment factor of the v. cholerae el tor biotype. we describe a tnphoa mutant that is defective in its ability to hemagglutinate mouse erythrocytes. the tnphoa insertion maps to a recently identified genetic locus that encodes products that are predicted to be essential for as ... | 1996 | 8550192 |
| development of shigella sonnei live oral vaccines based on defined rfbinaba deletion mutants of vibrio cholerae expressing the shigella serotype d o polysaccharide. | previous experimentation has highlighted a number of difficulties in the development of carrier-based bivalent vaccines (j.-f. viret and d. favre, biologicals 22:361-372, 1994) in an attempt to obviate these carrier strains. toward this aim, a series of defined rfbinaba deletion (delta rfbinaba) mutants of the cholera vaccine strain v. cholerae cvd103-hgr (o1 inaba serotype) and derivative bearing the chromosomally integrated locus encoding the s. sonnei o-ps were constructed and characterized. ... | 1996 | 8550210 |
| the toxr protein of vibrio cholerae forms homodimers and heterodimers. | the toxr protein of vibrio cholerae regulates the expression of several virulence factors that play important roles in the pathogenesis of cholera. previous experiments with toxr-alkaline phosphatase (toxr-phoa) fusion proteins suggested a model for gene regulation in which the inactive form of toxr was a monomer and the active form of toxr was a dimer (v. l. miller, r. k. taylor, and j. j. mekalanos, cell 48:271-279, 1987). in order to examine whether toxr exists in a dimeric form in vivo, bioc ... | 1996 | 8550410 |
| porins of vibrio cholerae: purification and characterization of ompu. | three outer membrane proteins with molecular masses of 40, 38, and 27 kda of the hypertoxinogenic strain 569b of vibrio cholerae have been purified to homogeneity. the synthesis of all the three proteins is regulated by the osmolarity of the growth medium. the pore-forming ability of the 40-kda protein, ompt, and the 38-kda protein, ompu, has been demonstrated by using liposomes, in which these proteins were embedded. the 27-kda protein, ompx, though osmoregulated, is not a porin. ompu constitut ... | 1996 | 8550475 |
| [the effect of pectin on the viability of vibrio cholerae]. | 1995 | 8553731 | |
| synthesis of the 2-deoxy analogue of the methyl alpha-glycoside of the monosaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1. | 1995 | 8556740 | |
| biotype traits and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 before, during and after the emergence of the o139 serogroup. | sixty-nine strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated at different times were analysed to investigate if there were any differences among the o1 strains isolated before, during and after the advent of the o139 serogroup. of the 69 o1 strains examined, 68 belonged to the ogawa serotype while one belonged to the inaba serotype. with the exception of one strain all other strains of v. cholerae o1 belonged to the eltor biotype. a single o1 strain isolated before the emergence of the o139 serogroup could ... | 1995 | 8557074 |
| an epidemiological study of vibrio cholerae o1 in the australian environment based on rrna gene polymorphisms. | since 1977, vibrio cholerae o1 has been isolated from the australian aquatic environment and periodically cholera cases have occurred following exposure to these environments. to study the relationships between clinical isolates and environmental isolates from rivers and aquatic life, widely distributed throughout the country, a wide range of molecular typing methods were employed. in this paper we report the analysis of the 180 australian isolates (10 clinical and 170 environmental) using ribot ... | 1995 | 8557075 |
| factors influencing secondary vibriocidal immune responses: relevance for understanding immunity to cholera. | although serum vibriocidal activity is used extensively as a marker of immunity to o1 vibrio cholerae, there are limitations in this assay to detect instances of reexposure. we define the conditions operative in producing secondary vibriocidal responses in north american volunteers primed with either wild-type v. cholerae 1, 4, or 6 months later. secondary serum vibriocidal responses occurred under two distinct secondary challenge conditions. the first occurred when secondary challenge produced ... | 1996 | 8557325 |
| vibrio cholerae hcp, a secreted protein coregulated with hlya. | hcp is a 28-kda secreted protein of vibrio cholerae regulated coordinately with the hemolysin, hlya. both proteins show a dependence on hlyu for expression, suggesting that hcp may be secreted by v. cholerae in vivo. we have identified and sequenced two genes for hcp, designated hcpa and hcpb (hemolysin-coregulated protein). the genes encode identical amino acid sequences. both express a 28-kda protein, despite open reading frames with only a 19-kda capacity, suggesting that the hcp protein runs ... | 1996 | 8557353 |
| antibody against the capsule of vibrio cholerae o139 protects against experimental challenge. | antiserum to the capsular polysaccharide of an opaque variant of vibrio cholerae o139 strain mdo-12 recognizes capsular antigen in three different colonial variants of the strain, although the amount of recognition varies with the extent of opacity. the anti-capsular-polysaccharide serum, at subagglutinating doses, protected suckling mice against challenge with both the most opaque variant and the most translucent variant. further studies indicated that the protection was associated with inhibit ... | 1996 | 8557361 |
| a nontoxic cholera enterotoxin (ct) analog is chimeric with regard to both epitypes of ct-b subunits, ct-b-1 and ct-b-2. | the gene encoding a nontoxic analog, ct-2*, of cholera enterotoxin (ct) with attenuating codon substitutions in the a subunit was introduced into the attenuated vibrio cholerae classical biotype mutant candidate vaccine strain cvd103, which produces the b subunit (but not the a subunit) of ct-1. the recombinant strain produces a chimeric nontoxic analog holotoxin containing both ct-b-1 and ct-b-2 subunits. this offers potential advantages over cvd103 in the induction of immunity against e1 tor b ... | 1996 | 8557362 |
| protective immunity to shiga-like toxin i following oral immunization with shiga-like toxin i b-subunit-producing vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr. | this study addresses a mechanism for inducing systemic immunity to shiga-like toxins by oral administration of a shiga-like toxin i b-subunit-expressing vibrio cholerae vaccine strain [cvd 103-hgr(pda60)]. two sets of three rabbits were given either cvd 103-hgr or cvd 103-hgr(pda60) orally. all rabbits immunized with cvd 103-hgr(pda60) developed neutralizing serum antibodies to shiga-like toxin i. none of the controls developed such antibodies. | 1996 | 8557364 |
| thymine auxotrophy as an attenuating marker in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae cvd102 is a thymine-dependent auxotroph of cvd101, a cholera toxin a-b+ candidate live oral cholera vaccine. previous clinical experience with these strains suggested that, by restricting intestinal growth, thymine auxotrophy is attenuating for v. cholerae. studies in the infant mouse cholera model cast doubt upon this conclusion however. stable thya mutants selected from each of three pathogenic strains showed unimpaired gut colonization in mixed-infection competition experiment ... | 1995 | 8559036 |
| immunological response to vibrio cholerae o1 infection and an oral cholera vaccine among peruvians. | a 'double-blind', randomized, placebo controlled study of an oral inactivated whole cell plus recombinant b subunit (wc/rbs) cholera vaccine was conducted during february-march 1992 in peru in 346 military recruits, 307 (89%) of whom received 2 oral doses of vaccine or escherichia coli k12 placebo, 2 weeks apart. paired serum samples were obtained from 155 (50%) of the recipients of 2 doses. an epidemic of cholera took place between doses. no difference in cholera attack rates was detected betwe ... | 1995 | 8560536 |
| epidemiologic study of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in thailand: at the advancing edge of the eighth pandemic. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal emerged on the indian subcontinent in late 1992 and was first recognized in thailand in 1993. to characterize the epidemiology of this disease, a hospital-based case-control study was conducted in samutsakorn, a port city 30 km southwest of bangkok. between november 15, 1993, and june 3, 1994, 366 patients were confirmed to have cholera by culture, including 165 (45%) with o139 bengal, 191 (52%) with o1 ogawa, and 10 (3%) with both serogroups. during the same time per ... | 1996 | 8561160 |
| a secretion expression system using promoter and signal peptide of cholera toxin b subunit gene. | a secretion expression plasmid vector pmc05s was constructed taking advantage of the promoter, signal peptide, and transcriptional terminator of cholera toxin b subunit gene and beta-galactosidase was overexpressed in e. coli and most of the expressed enzyme was secreted into periplasma when the lacz gene was inserted downstream of the signal peptide sequence of pmc05s. the yield of beta-galactosidase by engineered e. coli reached 30 mg/l and most of the beta-galactosidase retained the activity ... | 1995 | 8562852 |
| aberrant gene for e1 tor hemolysin from vibrio cholerae non-o1, n037. | vibrio cholerae non-o1 strain n037 produced a hemolysin (no37-hly) which was antigenically similar to e1 tor hemolysin (e1 tor-hly) but different in molecular size, hemolytic activity, and glucose binding capacity. in the gene encoding no37-hly, a 4-bp insertion into the structural gene for e1 tor-hly (hlya) was found. the insertion in a shift of codon frames generating a new stop codon in the downstream region. no37-hly was a truncated product of e1 tor-hly sharing 90% of the n terminal region. ... | 1995 | 8566700 |
| characterization of vibrio cgolerae non-o1 serogroups obtained from an outbreak of diarrhea in lima, peru. | in february 1994, an outbreak of diarrhea caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae occurred among volunteers in a vaccine trial study area in lima, peru. clinically, 95% of the patients presented with liquid diarrhea with either no or mild dehydration. serogrouping of 58 isolates recovered from diarrheal patients affected in the outbreak revealed seven different serogroups, with serogroups o10 (21%) and o12 (65%) being predominant. most of these isolates were susceptible to a variety of antimicrobial ag ... | 1995 | 8567912 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1 as a causal pathogen in cholera patients in yangon, myanmar. | vibrio cholerae non-o1 was studied in patients with rice watery diarrhoea admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, yangon. the study was conducted during 1993-1994 to determine the association of the pathogen with the disease. altogether 771 rectal swabs were collected and examined. v. cholerae were isolated by the standard methods. the seasonal, age and sex distribution, serotyping and susceptibility of these isolates to antibiotics were investigated, v. cholerae were isolated from 233 (3o ... | 1995 | 8568194 |
| [recent food poisoning and molecular biology]. | 1995 | 8568396 | |
| studies on bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus isolates from selected nigerian fermented foods. | ten bacteriocin-producing (bacteriocinogenic) lactobacillus isolates obtained from three nigerian fermented foods namely: kenkey, ogi and wara were tested against the following indicator organisms: lactobacillus plantarum and food borne pathogens comprising enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, serratia, pseudomonas, vibrio cholerae, aeromonas sobria, aeromonas cavice, salmonella typhimurium, plesiomonas shigelloides and staphylococcus aureus. all the bacteriocin ... | 1995 | 8568643 |
| the first prokaryotic lipocalins. | 1995 | 8571450 | |
| studies on plasmid stability and ltb production by recombinant vibrio cholerae in batch and chemostat cultures: a lesson for optimizing conditions for chemical induction. | plasmid content, its stability and the expression of b-subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) in vibrio cholerae/r-pmmb68 system have been studied in batch as well as in chemostat cultures. upon induction with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg), cultures secreted ltb into the extracellular milieu. highest specific ltb production rate of 7.3 mg mg-1h-1 was achieved in batch culture induced at the late exponential growth phase. the plasmid pmmb68 was fairly stable up ... | 1995 | 8573322 |
| adherence of helicobacter pylori to cultured human gastric carcinoma cells. | to examine the binding activity of helicobacter pylori to cultured gastric epithelial cells using flow cytometry. | 1995 | 8574746 |
| comparison of the vibriocidal antibody response in cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 bengal with the response in cholera due to vibrio cholerae o1. | vibrio cholerae serogroup o139, now considered to be the second organism capable of causing epidemic severe dehydrating cholera, contains a capsular polysaccharide which makes it difficult for it to be used in the conventional vibriocidal antibody assay optimized for v. cholerae o1. after modification of the procedure, which involved the use of specific bacterial strains, a lower bacterial inoculum, and increased amounts of complement, the vibriocidal antibody responses to v. cholerae o139 were ... | 1995 | 8574829 |
| genetic analysis of the interaction between vibrio cholerae transcription activator toxr and toxt promoter dna. | expression of many virulence genes in vibrio cholerae is under the control of the toxt protein. these include genes whose products are required for the biogenesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus, accessory colonization factor, and cholera toxin. toxt is a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators and is part of the toxr regulatory cascade. toxr is a transmembrane dna-binding protein that is required for transcription of toxt and also can directly activate transcription of the choler ... | 1996 | 8576041 |
| physical map of the genome of vibrio cholerae 569b and localization of genetic markers. | a combined physical and genetic map of the genome of the classical o1 hypertoxinogenic strain 569b of vibrio cholerae has been constructed. the enzymes noti, sfii and ceui generated dna fragments of suitable size distribution that could be resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the digests produced 37, 22, and 7 fragments, respectively. the ceui maps of the genomes of strains 569b and o395, constructed by partial restriction digestion, were identical, and the data are consistent with the ... | 1996 | 8576045 |
| molecular epidemiology of toxigenic vibrio cholerae in bangladesh studied by numerical analysis of rrna gene restriction patterns. | cholera is endemic in bangladesh, and a regular seasonal pattern of cholera epidemics occurs. we examined the clonal relationships among 103 clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae isolates belonging to o1, o139, or non-o1 non-o139 serogroups isolated during epidemic and interepidemic periods in bangladesh and compared them with those of 51 v. cholerae isolates from four countries in asia and africa. these studies were done by a computer-assisted numerical analysis of the restriction endonucl ... | 1995 | 8576328 |
| development and testing of monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunodiagnostic test kits for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal. | we report on the development and testing of two monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunodiagnostic test kits, bengalscreen, a coagglutination test, and bengal dfa, a direct fluorescent-antibody test, for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal in clinical and environmental specimens. the bengalscreen test requires less than 5 min to complete and can be used in the field. bengal dfa, being more sensitive than bengalscreen, requires only one reagent and less than 20 min for detection ... | 1995 | 8576349 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant vibrio cholerae strains carrying heterologous genes encoding non-01 antigen or cholera enterotoxin. | in an attempt to study the effect of heterologous genes on the virulence of vibrio cholerae 01 and non-01, rfb genes encoding biosynthesis of non-01 antigens were introduced by homologous recombination into the chromosome of v. cholerae 01 strain 569b (serotype inaba, biotype classical). recombinant strains were obtained which were not agglutinated with the diagnostic cholera 01 antiserum and were not sensitive to the cholera diagnostic bacteriophage, but produced as much cholera toxin as 569b a ... | 1995 | 8577236 |
| the measurement of swimming velocity of vibrio cholerae and pseudomonas aeruginosa using the video tracking methods. | the swimming velocities of two monotrichous flagellated bacteria were measured by a computer-assisted video tracking method. tracing the moving path of the individual bacterium revealed that the bacterial cell did not swim continuously in a straight direction, but frequently changed swimming direction and velocity. the average swimming velocities calculated from the 3-sec path were 75.4 +/- 9.4 microns/sec in four strains of vibrio cholerae and 51.3 +/- 8.4 microns/sec in five strains of pseudom ... | 1995 | 8577263 |
| septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal. | we describe septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 bengal, the newly described causative agent of cholera, in a child who also had simultaneous intestinal infection with shigella boydii. because v. cholerae 0139 is capsulated, its propensity to cause extraintestinal infection is stressed. | 1995 | 8582139 |
| the distinction of pathogenic vibrio cholerae groups using arbitrarily primed pcr fingerprints. | pathogenic vibrio cholerae strains were compared by fingerprinting with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr). they were o1 classical and el tor strains and recent non-o1 bengal strains. ten oligonucleotides from a total of fifty-two tested gave distinctive patterns, and these strains were separated into four groups. a second technique, amplification of 16s/23s rrna spacers with a pair of oligonucleotides, was also used. various bands were obtained, and the result can be treated ... | 1995 | 8584790 |
| characterization of aeromonas trota strains that cross-react with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | it has previously been shown that vibrio cholerae o139 bengal shares antigens with v. cholerae serogroups o22 and o155. we detected six surface water isolates of aeromonas trota that agglutinated in polyclonal antisera to v. cholerae o139 and v. cholerae o22 but not in antiserum to v. cholerae o155. on the basis of agglutinin-absorption studies, the antigenic relationship between the cross-reacting bacteria were found to be in an a,b-a,c fashion, where a is the common antigenic epitope and b and ... | 1995 | 8586685 |
| primary septicemia caused by vibrio cholerae non-o1 acquired on cape cod, massachusetts. | we describe a patient with non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia associated with hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions of the lower extremities. the patient had underlying liver disease, and he probably acquired the organism through ingestion of raw clams. although his condition rapidly improved during appropriate therapy, the patient's cellulitis and skin lesions persisted and he developed a fluid collection of the lower extremity that required drainage. molecular methods were used to examine ... | 1995 | 8589171 |
| [flow cytometry detection of erythrocyte antigens and antibodies. technical aspects and new clinical applications]. | although hemagglutination techniques have proved worthwhile since many years in immunohematology, they also have several disadvantages. they are manual and subjective visual methods, which make it difficult to quantitate red cell antibodies or surface antigens. flow cytometric analysis overcomes these limitations because of its ability to analyze individual populations of cells by sensitive, reproducible, and objective methods. | 1995 | 8589594 |
| attachment of non-culturable toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1 and aeromonas spp. to the aquatic arthropod gerris spinolae and plants in the river ganga, varanasi. | non-cultivable, pathogenic o1 and non-o1 vibrio cholerae and aeromonas spp. were resuscitated from aquatic arthropods and plant homogenate respectively, by rabbit ileal loop (ril) assay. these organisms adhered to the aquatic arthropod gerris spinolae and various species of phytoplankton in the river ganga, but failed to grow after direct inoculation on artificial media except for only 10 homogenates of the arthropod. the number of non-o1 v. cholerae and aeromonas recovered on direct inoculation ... | 1995 | 8589660 |
| serogroup conversion of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 can be detected in the environment in a viable but nonculturable form, whereas v. cholerae non-o1 cells can be readily cultured during interepidemic periods in geographical regions where cholera is endemic. in the present study, pure cultures of v. cholerae non-o1 cells contained o1 cells when examined by immune-fluorescence microscopy. laboratory microcosms were used to examine the outgrowth of the o1 cells in cultures of non-o1 v. cholerae. one o1 cell per 10(6) no ... | 1995 | 8590409 |
| the three domains of a bacterial sialidase: a beta-propeller, an immunoglobulin module and a galactose-binding jelly-roll. | sialidases, or neuraminidases, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, but are also produced by many non-pathogenic bacteria. bacterial sialidases are very variable in size, often possessing domains in addition to the catalytic domain. the sialidase from the non-pathogenic soil bacterium micromonospora viridifaciens is secreted in two forms with molecular weights of 41 kda or 68 kda, depending on the nature of the carbohydrate used to induce expression. | 1995 | 8591030 |
| synthesis of the methyl alpha-glycoside of a trisaccharide mimicking the terminus of the o antigen of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotype inaba. | coupling of methyl 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-4-methoxybenzyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside, obtained from the corresponding 4-azido derivative by treatment with h2s, with 3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronolactone gave the crystalline methyl 4-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronamido)-4,6-dideoxy-2-o-4-methoxybenzyl- alpha-d- mannopyranoside (7). subsequent acetylation of 7, followed by o-demethoxybenzylation of the 8 formed gave the crystalline methyl 3-o-acetyl-4,6-dideoxy-4-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronami d ... | 1995 | 8593618 |
| vibrio spp. secrete proaerolysin as a folded dimer without the need for disulphide bond formation. | proaerolysin is an extracellular dimeric protein that is secreted across the inner and outer membranes of aeromonas spp. in separate steps. to investigate the role of protein folding in the second step, one or more cysteine residues were introduced and the mutant proaerolysins were expressed in aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas salmonicida, as well as vibrio cholerae. replacing met-41 with cys resulted in expression of a protein that could form a dimer in which the monomers were linked together ... | 1995 | 8594324 |
| single amino acid substitutions in the n-terminus of vibrio cholerae tcpa affect colonization, autoagglutination, and serum resistance. | the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae o1 is required for successful infection of the host. tcpa, the structural subunit of tcp, belongs to the type iv family of pilins, which includes the pile pilin of neisseria gonorrhoeae. recently, single amino acid changes in the n-terminus of pile were found to abolish autoagglutination in gonococci. as type iv pilins demonstrate some similarities in function and amino acid sequence, site-directed mutagenesis and allelic exchanges were used t ... | 1995 | 8594332 |
| serogroup conversion of vibrio cholerae non-o1 to vibrio cholerae o1: effect of growth state of cells, temperature, and salinity. | recently, we reported the occurrence of seroconversion from vibrio cholerae non-o1 to v. cholerae o1, but little is known about the environmental and physiological factors influencing seroconversion. we investigated effects of temperature (4, 25, and 35 degrees c) and salinity ( < 0.05 and 10%0.), as well as the stage of growth of cells, on serogroup conversion. seroconversion of v. cholerae occurred under various environmental conditions. however, the rate of seroconversion in natural water ( < ... | 1996 | 8595602 |
| effect of vibrio cholerae non-o1 protease on lysozyme, lactoferrin and secretory immunoglobulin a. | the effect of vibrio cholerae non-o1 protease on host defense proteins (lysozyme, secretory immunoglobulin a and lactoferrin) was studied in relation to its virulence mechanism. the proteins treated with the protease were analysed by sds-page. there was no influence of the protease on lysozyme. the protease cleaved lactoferrin into two fragments of 50 kda and 34 kda. n-terminal amino acid sequencing of these fragments revealed that the cleavage site was near the hinge region, between serine 420 ... | 1996 | 8598271 |
| surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--united states, 1993-1994. | since 1971, cdc and the u.s. environmental protection agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (wbdos). | 1996 | 8600346 |
| enteroaggregative escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin is not restricted to enteroaggregative e. coli. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaggec) have been implicated as diarrheal pathogens in several settings. some eaggec produce a distinct heat-stable enterotoxin named east1. the distribution and prevalence of the east1 gene in selected groups of bacterial enteropathogens were determined by colony hybridization. one hundred percent of 75 o157:h7 enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), 41% of 227 eaggec, 41% of 149 enterotoxigenic e. coli, 22% of 65 enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), and 38% of 47 e. c ... | 1996 | 8603943 |
| [genetic analysis of vibrio cholerae chromosomal regions containing the tox-2 mutation, affecting production of cholera toxin]. | conjugational-mating experiments showed mrh genes coding for the synthesis of mannose and fucose resistant hemagglutinin/adhesin and vibrio motility gene mot to be localized in the chromosome of v. cholerae dacca strain 35 close to tox-2 mutation providing a high level of toxin production and rfb locus which controls 01 antigen synthesis. the results indicate the presence of a block of virulence genes within ura-pur chromosomal region of v. cholerae. | 1995 | 8604230 |
| safety and immunogenicity of oral killed whole cell recombinant b subunit cholera vaccine in barranquilla, colombia. | in january and february 1992, an assessment was conducted of the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of a new oral cholera vaccine prepared from the recombinant b subunit of the toxin and from killed whole cells (rbs/wc) in 1,165 individuals between the ages of 12 months and 64 years in barranquilla, colombia. this was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. participants received two doses of either the vaccine or a placebo (killed escherichia coli k12) over a two-week interval. ... | 1995 | 8605522 |
| randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of combined salmonella typhi ty21a and vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr live oral vaccines. | healthy adults (n=330) were randomized to receive either a bivalent vaccine composed of vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr and salmonella typhi ty21a or a placebo. the combined vaccine was well tolerated. approximately 80% of vaccines manifested a significant rise in anti-s. typhi immunoglobulin g or immunoglobulin a lipopolysaccharide antibody levels. significant (fourfold or greater) rises in anti-inaba or anti-ogawa vibriocidal antibody titer were achieved by 94 and 80% of vaccine recipients, respec ... | 1996 | 8606118 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia in patients with cirrhosis: 5-yr experience from a single medical center. | to assess the clinical features and susceptibility of cirrhotic patients to non-o1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia and to provide our therapeutic experiences in this rare and high lethal infection. | 1996 | 8607503 |
| on the nature of the adaptive response induced by mitomycin c in vibrio cholerae ogawa 154 cells. | the induction of an adaptive response in vibrio cholerae ogawa 154 cells was obtained using an alkylating agent, mitomycin c, as both stimulating and challenging agent. cross-adaptive response was observed in v. cholerae cells when pretreated with a sublethal dose of another alkylating agent, n-methyl-n'nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, followed by challenging treatment with mitomycin c. the dose of mitomycin c for 50% survival (d50) became almost double for mitomycin c pretreated cells and 1.5 times fo ... | 1996 | 8607796 |
| genetic analysis of the chromosomal region encoding lysophospholipase l2 of vibrio cholerae o1. | from the tn5-inserted mutant library of vibrio cholerae o1, we found a mutant, nf404, which lost the production of both hemolysin and cholera toxin (ct) even though the tn5-insertion site was out side from the structural genes for hemolysin and ct. cloning and sequencing analysis of the homologous region from the wild-type strain, revealed that the sequence spanning the coding region of an orf1 nominated as lypa, encoding a 39.5 kda protein. deduced amino acid sequence of the lypa gene had 37.6% ... | 1996 | 8608155 |
| scanning electron microscopy analysis of bacterial colonization in crustaceans. | 1994 | 8611268 | |
| relative importance of three iron-regulated outer membrane proteins for in vivo growth of vibrio cholerae. | iron is an essential nutrient to support the growth of most bacterial species. however, iron is not easily available to microorganisms infecting mammalian hosts, because it is largely sequestered by iron-binding proteins, such as transferrin or lactoferrin, or complexed to heme. in response to environmental iron stress, vibrio cholerae produces the siderophore vibriobactin as well as a number of iron-induced outer membrane proteins. previous data on the role of iron acquisition systems for the i ... | 1996 | 8613388 |
| epidemic cholera in guatemala, 1993: transmission of a newly introduced epidemic strain by street vendors. | epidemic cholera reached guatemala in july 1991. by mid-1993, guatemala ranked third in the hemisphere in reported cases of cholera. we conducted a case-control study with two age-, sex-, and neighbourhood-matched controls per patient in periurban guatemala city. twenty-six patients hospitalized for cholera and 52 controls were enrolled. seven (47%) of 15 stool cultures obtained after admission yielded toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1. all seven were resistant to furazolidone, sulfisoxazole, and str ... | 1996 | 8620902 |
| comparison of the promoter proximal regions of the toxin-co-regulated tcp gene cluster in classical and el tor strains of vibrio cholerae o1. | a physical map has been constructed of the 5-kb xbai fragment encoding the promoter proximal of region the tcp gene cluster encoding the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae. this fragment contains the major regulatory regions for tcp. comparison of the nucleotide (nt) sequences from strains of the classical and el tor biotypes demonstrates that the regions are essentially identical, with several notable exceptions. the intergenic regions, between tcpi and tcpp, and between tcph and ... | 1996 | 8621096 |
| an outbreak of cholera from food served on an international aircraft. | in february 1992, an outbreak of cholera occurred among persons who had flown on a commercial airline flight from south america to los angeles. this study was conducted to determine the magnitude and the cause of the outbreak. passengers were interviewed and laboratory specimens were collected to determine the magnitude of the outbreak. a case-control study was performed to determine the vehicle of infection. seventy-five of the 336 passengers in the united states had cholera; 10 were hospitaliz ... | 1996 | 8626007 |
| widespread emergence of vibrio cholerae 0139 in india. | the national institute of communicable diseases (nicd) has been monitoring the incidence of laboratory confirmed cases of cholera in delhi in collaboration with infectious diseases hospital (idh) since 1965. cholera and cholera-like cases from all hospitals in delhi are admitted in idh and the rectal swabs of all such cases are processed for isolation of vibrio cholerae at nicd laboratory. since april 1993, there has been isolation of vibrio cholerae serotype 0139, in increasing numbers (831 out ... | 1995 | 8629072 |
| positive selection vectors for allelic exchange. | we describe here the development and use of two new allelic exchange vectors, pkas32 and pkas46. these vectors can be used for allelic exchange in a wide variety of bacterial species because their r6k origin of replication functions only in bacteria engineered to produce the replication protein pi. in addition, these vectors express the escherichia coli rpsl gene, encoding ribosomal protein s12, which provides a positive selection for bacteria that have exchanged cloned plasmid sequences with th ... | 1996 | 8635748 |
| adaptation of pseudomonas sp. gj1 to 2-bromoethanol caused by overexpression of an nad-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase with low affinity for halogenated aldehydes. | pseudomonas sp. gj1 is able to grow with 2-chloroethanol as the sole carbon and energy source, but not with 2-bromoethanol, which is toxic at low concentrations (1 mm). a mutant that could grow on 2-bromoethanol with a growth rate of 0.034 h-1 at concentrations up to 5 mm was isolated and designated strain gj1m9. measurement of enzyme activities showed that mutant and wild-type strains contained a pms-linked alcohol dehydrogenase that was active with halogenated alcohols and that was threefold o ... | 1996 | 8639028 |
| [bacteriological aspects of cholera in chad (1991 and 1994 epidemics)]. | 1995 | 8640086 | |
| a classical strain of vibrio cholerae with diminished ability to process the proteolytically sensitive site in the a subunit of cholera toxin. | vibrio cholerae o1, no. 31, a strain isolated from a patient with mild diarrhea, produced mainly the unnicked cholera toxin. the amount of toxin that had accumulated in the cells was approximately 200 times lower than that secreted into the culture medium. when the unnicked toxin was purified by three successive column chromatographies and then extracted from the polyacrylamide gel, the unnicked toxin showed two bands corresponding to the a and b subunits by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide ... | 1996 | 8641766 |
| in vivo enzymatic removal of alpha 2-->6-linked sialic acid from the glomerular filtration barrier results in podocyte charge alteration and glomerular injury. | the epithelial polyanion (podocalyxin) on the foot processes (pedicels) of podocytes plays a pivotal role in maintaining slit pore integrity and excluding proteins from the glomerular filtrate. chromatographically purified recombinant sialidase from vibrio cholerae, a corresponding heat-inactivated enzyme, truncated enzyme (missing the last 17 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus), and the sialidase from salmonella typhimurium strain lt2 were inoculated intraperitoneally into mice, and the res ... | 1996 | 8642786 |
| ph-dependence of the dithiol-oxidizing activity of dsba (a periplasmic protein thiol:disulphide oxidoreductase) and protein disulphide-isomerase: studies with a novel simple peptide substrate. | a decapeptide containing two cysteine residues at positions 3 and 8 has been designed for use in monitoring the disulphide bond-forming activity of thiol:disulphide oxidoreductases. the peptide contains a tryptophan residue adjacent to one of the cysteine residues and an arginine residue adjacent to the other. oxidation of this dithiol peptide to the disulphide state is accompanied by a significant change in tryptophan fluorescence emission intensity. this fluorescence quenching was used as the ... | 1996 | 8645136 |
| identification of cd34+ subsets after glycoprotease selection: engraftment of cd34+thy-1+lin- stem cells in fetal sheep. | epitopes on the cd34 molecule detected by some cd34 antibodies can be cleaved by a unique glycoprotease from pasteurella haemolytica, which cleaves only glycoproteins rich in o-linked glycans. a method to isolate cd34+ cells from adult bone marrow was developed subsequently, in which cd34+ cells were isolated in high purity and yield following immunomagnetic bead selection and detachment with the glycoprotease. using a variety of other cell-surface markers shown here to be insensitive to glycopr ... | 1996 | 8647230 |
| reported cholera in the united states, 1992-1994: a reflection of global changes in cholera epidemiology. | to describe us cholera surveillance data from 1992 to 1994 and the domestic impact of the epidemics of vibrio cholerae o1 in latin america and v cholerae o139 in asia. | 1996 | 8656543 |
| major enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from diarrheal patients in bolivia: a hospital-based study. | a total of 1,234 fecal samples from diarrhea cases were examined for etiological bacterial agents at medical facilities in la paz and sucre, bolivia. eighty strains of shigella spp., 39 strains of salmonella spp., 29 strains of vibrio cholerae, and 222 strains of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (139 epec, 55 etec, 29 eiec, and 1 ehec) were isolated. with regard to the serovars of shigella, s. flexneri 2a, 3a, and 1b were predominant. in the case of salmonella, s. enteritidis was the most commo ... | 1995 | 8657011 |
| flow cytometric analysis using lipophilic dye pkh-2 for adhesion of vibrio cholerae to intestine 407 cells. | a comparative study of indirect and direct flow cytometric analysis for adherence of vibrio cholerae to intestine 407 cells was performed. the direct flow cytometric analysis employed the lipophilic dye pkh-2. it was concluded that direct flow cytometry using the lipophilic dye pkh-2 is useful and convenient for analyzing bacterium-host cell interactions, since it does not require any specific antibody as the first antibody. | 1995 | 8657016 |
| short-term quinolones for successful eradication of multiply resistant vibrio cholerae in adult patients. | there has been an increasing multiple drug resistance problem in vibrio cholerae biotype eltor, the causative agent of 7th pandemic. the aim of this study was to show in vitro and in vivo susceptibility and effectiveness of quinolones in the treatment of endemic cholera cases. excellent results were obtained in 53 bacteriologically confirmed cholera patients treated with short-term ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. to our knowledge, there has been no previous report on this subject in the internation ... | 1995 | 8658086 |
| phage transfer: a new player turns up in cholera infection. | 1996 | 8658152 |