Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [compared antibacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, sparfloxacin (at 4140, rp 64206) and four other fluoroquinolones against 332 strains of enteropathogen bacteria]. | the in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of five fluoroquinolones--sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin and pefloxacin--was tested against 332 strains of enteric pathogens belonging to the genera salmonella, shigella, escherichia, yersinia, vibrio, campylobacter and helicobacter. some of the strains were resistant to one or several antibiotics. each fluoroquinolone showed identical bacteriostatic activity against susceptible and resistant strains except of those resi ... | 1993 | 8233625 |
| vibrio cholerae in south america: polymerase chain reaction and zymovar analysis. | 1993 | 8236388 | |
| vibrio cholerae serogroup 0139 in england and wales. | 1993 | 8241890 | |
| cell-associated hemagglutinin of classical vibrio cholerae o1 with reference to intestinal adhesion. | vibrio cholerae o1 86b3 biovar cholerae has at least two types of cell-associated hemagglutinin. one is cell wall-associated and l-fucose sensitive, whereas the other is pili-associated and d-mannose sensitive. a pilus rich variant of 86b3 and a poorly piliated parent strain adhered equally to the rabbit intestine. this adhesion was inhibited by l-fucose but not by d-mannose. a fab fraction prepared from anti-pilus antibody did not inhibit the adhesion. these results suggest that not the pili bu ... | 1993 | 8243985 |
| safety and immunogenicity of live oral cholera vaccine candidate cvd 110, a delta ctxa delta zot delta ace derivative of el tor ogawa vibrio cholerae. | the current pandemic of cholera is caused primarily by vibrio cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype. live attenuated classical biotype v. cholerae vaccine strains prevent severe and moderate cholera due to either biotype in challenged volunteers but may provide less protection against mild cholera due to el tor organisms. cvd 110, a new ctxa-deleted vaccine strain derived from an el tor ogawa parent, lacks zona occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), and hemolysin/enterotoxin. te ... | 1993 | 8245542 |
| the gene encoding the heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae is flanked by 123-base pair direct repeats. | the heat-stable enterotoxin (o1-st) gene (sto) was cloned from chromosome of the strain gp156 of vibrio cholerae o1 (inaba, el tor) in escherichia coli k-12, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the nucleotide sequence of sto was very similar to that of nag-st gene (stn) of v. cholerae non-o1. both sto and stn were flanked by 123-base pair direct repeats which had at least 93% homology to one another and included some inverted repeats. all the strains of v. cholerae, v. mimicus, v. metsch ... | 1993 | 8246823 |
| [genetic, molecular, and immunologic aspects of vibrio cholerae infection]. | the deterioration of the economical and social conditions of the majority of the population in the americas the last 20 years has generated several epidemics of enteric infections in the region, dramatically manifested by the current massive and widespread cholera outbreak. the absence of cholera from the continent for more than 100 years, the worsening environmental conditions, the biological peculiarities of vibrio cholerae el tor such as decreased virulence, which generates increased number o ... | 1993 | 8248646 |
| differences in cell surface carbohydrates, and in laminin and fibronectin synthesis, between adherent and non-adherent ehrlich ascites tumor cells. | differences in cell surface carbohydrates and in laminin and fibronectin synthesis between 2 ehrlich ascites tumor (eat) cell lines, the adherent and non-adherent eat cells, have been studied. the adherent eat (a-eat) cells grow in monolayer in vitro in the presence of fetal bovine serum. the classical, or non-adherent eat (na-eat), cells grow in suspension in ascites form in the peritoneal cavity of mice, and they do not adhere when cultured in vitro. both eat cell lines express surface glycopr ... | 1993 | 8253521 |
| [analysis of abnormal alkaline phosphatase in patient with high alkaline phosphatasemia]. | we describe here a 69-year-old male with high serum alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity who was showed high alkaline phosphatasemia. high alp level, 112.4 k.a. was found in his serum. but, except for alp, all other laboratory data including cancer markers were within normal range in this case. an electrophoretic pattern of patient alp isozyme without neuroaminidase digestion showed liver-type alp, but the alp isozyme pattern with neuraminidase digestion from vibrio cholerae was identified as bon ... | 1993 | 8254971 |
| cholera toxin and cholera b subunit as oral-mucosal adjuvant and antigen vector systems. | cholera toxin (ct) and the analogous heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) from escherichia coli have several immunomodulating effects which alone or in combination might explain their strong adjuvant action in stimulating mucosal iga and other immune responses to admixed unrelated antigens after oral immunization. these effects include, depending on animal species and experimental systems, enhanced antigen presentation by a variety of cell types; promotion of isotype differentiation in b cells leading t ... | 1993 | 8256498 |
| immunologic response to oral cholera vaccination in a crossover study: a novel placebo effect. | the authors conducted a two-period crossover study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr among us university students. subjects ingested 5 x 10(8) colony forming units of either killed escherichia coli k12 placebo or vaccine, followed by the opposite treatment one week later. surprisingly, the dynamics of the immunologic response were influenced by prior ingestion of placebo. subjects who received placebo first showed stronger vibriocidal antibody resp ... | 1993 | 8256784 |
| [cholera in norway?]. | 1993 | 8259568 | |
| [severe gastroenteritis after domestic infection with vibrio cholerae non-o1]. | vibrio cholerae non-o1 has previously been isolated only occasionally in norway from patients infected abroad. this report describes the clinical course in two patients who were domestically infected with v. cholerae non-o1. in one case, contaminated seafood, i.e. crab, was the probable source of infection. both patients displayed a cholera-like type of illness, with severe diarrhoea and electrolyte disturbances. it is recommended that norwegian laboratories be prepared to isolate vibrios also i ... | 1993 | 8259570 |
| detection of cholera toxin gene in stool specimens by polymerase chain reaction: comparison with bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and culture method for laboratory diagnosis of cholera. | stool specimens obtained from 123 hospitalized patients with acute secretory diarrhea admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta, india, were examined for isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 by direct or enrichment plating on selective media for cholera toxin (ct) by bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bead-elisa) and for the ct gene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). v. cholerae o1 was isolated either by direct culture or by enrichment culture from 70 stool specimens, all of which ... | 1993 | 8263204 |
| the structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the core-lipid-a region of the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae strain h11 (non-o1). | lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae strain h11 (non-o1) was de-o-acylated, dephosphorylated, reduced, de-n-acylated, n-acetylated, and the products were separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (hpae). a decasaccharide, 1, was isolated as the major product, representing the core oligosaccharide attached to the reduced glcn-disaccharide lipid a backbone. its structure was established by compositional and methylation analyses, and extensive nmr investigations including 1h,1h ... | 1993 | 8269945 |
| [differentiation of cholera-enterotoxin producing vibrio strains by polymerase chain reaction]. | the pathogenic factor of vibrio cholerae that induces a severe watery diarrhea in humans is cholera enterotoxin (ct). we have earlier reported on the use of a specific polymerase chain reaction method (pcr) for confirmation of ct-production. in our results, a few ct-producing v. mimicus strains were detected by the method. here we report on the pcr method using 2-primer sets in the same tube for differentiation of toxigenic v. cholerae (o1 and non-o1) and toxigenic v. mimicus. one primer pair is ... | 1993 | 8270795 |
| [pathogenic potential of vibrio cholerae 01 isolated from the mapocho river and aguada ditch]. | the pathogenic potential of 20 strains of vibrio cholerae 01 isolated from the mapocho river and aguada ditch in santiago, chile was studied using a rabbit intestinal loop biological model. the presence of cholera toxin (ct) was previously found by the detection of ct gene, elisa and passive reserve agglutination in only one of these strains. after 24 h of intestinal loop inoculation, the 20 strains showed enterotoxic activity. in four of these strains the secretory reaction was particularly int ... | 1993 | 8272626 |
| [the development of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of cholera in infants with acute watery diarrhea]. | the diagnosis of cholera in infants based on clinical grounds is often difficult because other enteropathogens such as rotavirus or enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) can produced a very similar clinical picture. we studied 147 infants admitted consecutively to the rehydration unit of cayetano heredia hospital in lima, perú, trying to identified those characteristics significantly associated with the isolation of vibrio cholerae 01 on the admission stool culture. after a univariate comparis ... | 1993 | 8274229 |
| [cholera in children. a report of 8 cases]. | cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by vibrio cholerae 01. when an infected person presents severe dehydration and is not adequately treated, he or she will develop hypovolemic shock and eventually could died. there is scarce information concerning this disease in the pediatric group. herein we report on eight cases of pediatric cholera, in children 17 month to four years of age. seven patients out of eight were admitted presenting dehydration. four presenting mild or moderate dehydr ... | 1993 | 8274230 |
| effects of nitrofurantoin on viability, dna synthesis and morphology of vibrio cholerae cells. | nitrofurantoin caused a dose dependent inhibition of growth and decrease in viability of v. cholerae cells, the 10% (d10) and 37% (d37) survival doses being 50 and 19 micrograms/ml respectively. the drug at a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml caused 86% inhibition of dna synthesis. both light and electron microscopic observations revealed that treatment with nitrofurantoin (60 micrograms/ml for 1 hr at 37 degrees c) led to a significant filamentation of the v. cholerae cells, ultrastructure of t ... | 1993 | 8276432 |
| lack of cross-protection against diarrhea due to vibrio cholerae o139 (bengal strain) after oral immunization of rabbits with v. cholerae o1 vaccine strain cvd103-hgr. | 1994 | 8277193 | |
| vibriophage d10 contains non-permuted dna with cohesive ends. | phage d10, a vibrio cholerae o-1 el tor group x phage, is one of the five newly isolated phages used in the phage typing scheme developed for v. cholerae o-1 biotype el tor and belongs to the myoviridae family. from electron microscopic studies it is shown that phage d10 has a dna genome of 32 +/- 0.2 kb. this is the first report where it has been shown by the construction of a partial denaturation map that this vibriophage genome is nonpermuted and has cohesive ends. the location of the ends of ... | 1993 | 8277281 |
| analysis of the complexity of gene regulation by fur in vibrio cholerae. | iron concentration influences the expression of a number of genes involved in iron uptake and virulence in bacteria. in escherichia coli, coordinate regulation of these genes by iron depends on the product of the fur gene, which acts as an iron-responsive, dna-binding repressor protein. several genes in vibrio cholerae are also repressed by iron; and a fur gene, homologous to e. coli fur, has been previously cloned from this organism. the present study was undertaken to define the roles of fur a ... | 1994 | 8282702 |
| vibrio cholerae non-0:1 meningitis in an infant. | 1993 | 8284127 | |
| a study of the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in lagos, nigeria. | from december 1989 to may 1990, 315 faecal samples from children under 5 years old with diarrhoea (215) and without diarrhoea (100) seen at paediatric clinics were investigated for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens. standard and recently described methods were used for the investigations, which revealed that 74.9% of children with diarrhoea were infected with enteropathogens compared with 28% of controls. in the diarrhoeal group, 59.1% had a bacterial, 26.5% a viral and 2.3% a paras ... | 1994 | 8289209 |
| the use of gene probes, immunoassays and tissue culture for the detection of toxin in vibrio cholerae non-o1. | vibrio cholerae non-o1 strains were screened for the presence of cholera enterotoxin (ct) genes by means of digoxigenin-labelled polynucleotide cta and ctb probes. in-vitro production of ct was investigated by the y1 mouse adrenal cell assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a commercial, reversed passive latex agglutination (rpla) kit. only two (0.25%) of 790 strains tested gave positive results with the cta and ctb probes. the production of other bacterial cytotoxin(s) made it imp ... | 1994 | 8289212 |
| [cholera in benin (epidemic of 1991)]. | authors report on epidemiologic, bacteriology and therapeutic data related to 1991 cholera outbreak in benin in the general context of the 7th world pandemic. 7474 cases were notified from all over the country. vibrio cholerae 01, el tor biotype, was identified in many patients stools and in the surroundings. control measures implemented in this situation are described: early parenteral and mainly oral rehydration, antibiotic treatments for patients and contacts, systematic home control around c ... | 1993 | 8289628 |
| purification and characterization of a protein cryoprotective for vibrio cholerae extracted from the prawn shell surface. | a substance cryoprotective for vibrio cholerae on the prawn shell surface was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. it was a protein of 81 kda and called cryoprotective protein (cpp). the cryoprotective activity of this protein for v. cholerae was sensitive to heat at 100 c and trypsin treatment. in the presence of mg ion the protein can bind to the bacterial cell surface. v. cholerae can adhere to the shell surface of the prawn. the number of adhered bacteria was reduce ... | 1993 | 8295565 |
| [tolerance and immunogenicity of an oral dose of cvd 103-hgr, a live attenuated vibrio cholerae 01 strain: a double-blind study of chilean adults]. | cvd 103-hgr is an attenuated, ab+, live, recombinant vaccine strain, developed by deletion of the toxa gen in a virulent vibrio cholerae 01, inada classical strain (569b). in phase ii studies conducted to date, cvd 103-hgr has been well tolerated and immunogenic in volunteers from both industrialized countries and cholera-endemic areas. in this study of safety, immunogenicity and excretion, 81 chilean adults were randomly allocated to receive, in a double blind fashion, a single oral dose of 5 x ... | 1993 | 8296092 |
| use of the vibrio cholerae irga gene as a locus for insertion and expression of heterologous antigens in cholera vaccine strains. | vibrio cholerae may be a particularly effective organism for use in delivering heterologous antigens to stimulate a common mucosal immune response. a live attenuated vaccine strain of v. cholerae was constructed from the ctxa deletion mutant 0395-n1, containing the b subunit of shiga-like toxin i under the transcriptional control of the iron-regulated irga promoter. the b subunit of shiga-like toxin i is identical to the b subunit of shiga toxin (stxb). irga encodes the major iron-regulated oute ... | 1993 | 8296486 |
| effects of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin peptide on glomerular filtration rate and renal proximal tubular sodium transport. | cholera toxin peptide stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity in several tissues and causes severe intestinal water and electrolyte secretion. to evaluate the regulatory function of sodium transport in renal tubules, we studied the effect of cholera toxin peptide on rat kidneys. isolated kidneys from adult male hooded rats weighting 240-335 g were perfused with krebs-henseleit solution containing 60 mg/ml dialyzed bovine serum albumin (bsa). the effects of vibrio cholerae peptide (ct; molecular wei ... | 1993 | 8298533 |
| el tor cholera in india. | 1993 | 8300475 | |
| [a possible mechanism for the endemicity of modern cholera (the role of noncultivated forms of vibrio cholerae 01)]. | the surface water sources of some cis territories have been screened for cholera toxin genes by the polymerase chain reaction. the vct-genes have been found in the majority of water samples indicating the presence of noncultivated vibrio cholerae cells of an epidemiologic significance. the bacteriological methods failed to isolate the active causative agent of cholera. additional criteria are proposed for epidemiological typing of territories for cholera. the absence of long deletions or inserti ... | 1993 | 8302310 |
| cholera and severe toxigenic diarrhoeas. | 1994 | 8307461 | |
| cloning and characterization of three hemolysin genes from aeromonas salmonicida. | two hemolysin genes (ash3 and ash4) of aeromonas salmonicida strain 17-2 and one (ash1) of a. salmonicida atcc14174 were cloned into the cosmid vector charomid 9-36 in escherichia coli dh1. the overall amino acid sequence of the ash3 was similar to that of the aerolysins of aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria, and hemolysins ahh3, ahh4, and ahh5 of a. hydrophila, and hemolysin asa1 of a. sobria. the sequence of ash4 was similar to that of the ahh1 hemolysin of a. hydrophila. the ash4 hemol ... | 1993 | 8309354 |
| new phage typing scheme for vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strains. | the conventional phage typing scheme proposed by s. basu and s. mukerjee (experientia 24:299-300, 1968) has been used routinely for identification of the strains at the vibrio phage reference laboratory since 1968. however, because of limitations of this scheme, a new phage typing scheme using five newly isolated phages was incorporated into the conventional scheme. a different definition of routine test dilution (almost confluent lysis) was found to be more useful than the one previously used ( ... | 1993 | 8315000 |
| selective detection of terminally alpha 2-3 and alpha 2-6 sialylated neolacto-series gangliosides by immunostaining on thin layer chromatograms. | a method for selective detection of terminally alpha 2-3 and alpha 2-6 sialylated neolacto-series gangliosides has been developed. the procedure involves separation of gangliosides on high performance thin layer chromatography plates, fixation of the silica gel, treatment with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and incubation of the plates with nlcose4cer-specific antibodies. alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibodies were used to visualize bound first antibodies by generating a blue dye from ... | 1993 | 8318834 |
| simultaneous isolation of intestinal iga and igg from rabbits infected intraduodenally with vibrio cholerae 01 by combined lectin affinity chromatography involving jacalin and protein a. | immunoglobulins of iga and igg isotypes are formed in host intestines after enteric infections with bacteria such as vibrio cholerae. a method has been developed for the separation of intestinal immunoglobulins from rabbits immunized intraduodenally with live v. cholerae cells by sequential affinity chromatography on immobilized jacalin and immobilized protein a. the jacalin-sepharose 4b bound iga was desorbed with 0.5 m galactose. the protein a-sepharose 4b bound igg was desorbed with 0.1 m cit ... | 1993 | 8319437 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. imported cholera associated with a newly described toxigenic vibrio cholerae o139 strain--california, 1993. | 1993 | 8320772 | |
| purification and sequence determination of heat-stable enterotoxin elaborated by a cholera toxin-producing strain of vibrio cholerae o1. | four molecular species of heat-stable enterotoxins elaborated by a cholera toxin-producing strain of vibrio cholerae o1 were isolated from its culture supernatant. the amino acid sequence of one of the enterotoxins was determined to be phe-ile-lys-gln-val-asp-glu-asn-gly-asn-leu-ile-asp-cys-cys-glu-ile-cys- cys-asn-pro-ala-cys-phe-gly-cys-leu-asn with three intramolecular disulfide linkages. the other enterotoxins had shorter amino acid sequences in the n-terminal regions, but possessed the same ... | 1993 | 8325391 |
| plants used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. iv. vibriocidal activity of five american plants used to treat infections. | 1993 | 8331964 | |
| characterization of the nucm gene coding for a nuclease of the phytopathogenic bacteria erwinia chrysanthemi. | the gene nucm encoding a nuclease was cloned from a genomic library of erwinia chrysanthemi. the nucm gene was subcloned, and mutagenized by insertion of a uida-kanr cartridge. this mutation was introduced by recombination into the erwinia chrysanthemi chromosome. the nucm mutant lost nucm activity when tested on a dna plate after 24 hours, but still possessed secondary weak nuclease activity. the nucleotide sequence of nucm was determined. it presents a 798 bp open reading frame, coding for a 2 ... | 1993 | 8332061 |
| structures of two polyamine-containing catecholate siderophores from vibrio fluvialis. | from low-iron cultures of vibrio fluvialis aq 0012, two new compounds with siderophore activity were purified by xad-7 adsorption followed by preparative tlc. norspermidine and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid were identified as constituents common to both compounds by gc-ms analyses of their acid hydrolytic products. in addition, l-threonine was identified in the hydrolysate of one compound, named fluvibactin. based on high magnetic nmr analyses, the structure of fluvibactin was established as n4-[2-( ... | 1993 | 8340347 |
| cholera--still a major health problem. | 1993 | 8341166 | |
| tetracycline-resistant vibrio cholerae el tor. | 1993 | 8341181 | |
| human immune response to the 18-kda outer-membrane antigen of vibrio cholerae. | the serum igg response of human volunteers challenged with vibrio cholerae o1 was analysed for reactivity to v. cholerae o1 outer-membrane antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the immunoblot technique. purified outer-membrane antigen preparations from vibrios grown in low-iron conditions were separated by sds-page. specific immunoblot reactions of human sera showed that an 18-kda antigen, cholera protective antigen, was the major antigen with which sera reacted. elisa reveal ... | 1993 | 8345508 |
| common diarrhea pathogens and the risk of dehydration in young children with acute watery diarrhea: a case-control study. | the role of common diarrheal pathogens in dehydration was examined in children with acute watery diarrhea who attended the treatment center of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, in dhaka. two hundred sixty-nine children with moderate or severe dehydration were matched with 700 children with no dehydration. vibrio cholerae o1 infections were 5.5 times more likely to be associated with dehydration than in cases without this agent. no significant association could ... | 1993 | 8352397 |
| inhibition of sialidases from viral, bacterial and mammalian sources by analogues of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid modified at the c-4 position. | the inhibition of sialidase activity from influenza viruses a and b, parainfluenza 2 virus, vibrio cholerae, arthrobacter ureafaciens, clostridium perfringens, and sheep liver by a range of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid analogues modified at the c-4 position has been studied. all substitutions tested resulted in a decrease in the degree of inhibition of the bacterial and mammalian sialidases. for sialidases from influenza viruses a and b, on the other hand, most of the substituti ... | 1993 | 8358225 |
| host range and transfer efficiency of incompatibility group hi plasmids. | hi plasmids are distinguished by their thermosensitive mode of conjugation (transfer efficiency is optimal at 22-30 degrees c) and their capacity to encode multiple antibiotic resistance. these traits have implicated hi plasmids as potential vectors in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and indigenous bacterial species in water and soil environments. we compared the transfer efficiency of hi plasmids with that of plasmids from 13 other incompatibility groups at 37, 24, a ... | 1993 | 8358670 |
| analysis of enterotoxin synthesis in a vibrio cholerae strain lacking dsba, a periplasmic enzyme involved in disulphide bond formation. | 1993 | 8359462 | |
| construction of genetically marked vibrio cholerae o1 vaccine strains. | attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 vaccine strains lacking the gene encoding the a subunit of cholera toxin have proven efficacious in preventing experimental cholera. as these strains move from closed, contained testing environments to large-scale field trials, a readily assayable phenotypic trait to distinguish a vaccine strain from wild-type v. cholerae o1 is desirable. we have constructed three derivatives of the attenuated v. cholerae strain cvd 103 which carry a mercury resistance or urease mar ... | 1993 | 8359676 |
| prevalence of a vibrio cholerae 18-kda antigen in vibrios. | an 18-kda protein that occurs in vibrio cholerae has been described as an in vivo and low-iron regulated outer membrane antigen. monoclonal antibodies which recognized this antigen were protective as passive vaccines in the infant rabbit model of cholera disease. in this study, those monoclonal antibodies were used in three immunological assays for surveillance of various bacteria for the 18-kda antigen. elisa, and western blot assays gave variable results with bacteria or outer membrane prepara ... | 1993 | 8359680 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and excretion pattern of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine cvd 103-hgr in peruvian adults of high and low socioeconomic levels. | groups of 122 peruvian adults of low socioeconomic level (sel) and 125 of high sel received a randomly allocated 5 x 10(9)- or 5 x 10(8)-cfu dose of cvd 103-hgr live oral cholera vaccine or a placebo. the vaccine was well tolerated. vibriocidal seroconversions occurred in 78% of high-sel and 72% of low-sel subjects who ingested the high dose and in 78 and 49%, respectively, of those who received the low dose. | 1993 | 8359923 |
| pasteur oral cholera vaccine: studies of reactogenicity, clinical acceptability and immunogenicity in human volunteers. | pasteur cholera vaccine consists of isolated antigenic fractions from v. cholerae el tor ogawa and inaba. enteric coated microgranules were prepared from antigen lyophilisate. three doses of this vaccine were administered orally to 19 healthy young thai adults at one week intervals. none of the volunteers experienced untowards reactions. the vibriocidal antibody responses manifested a significant antibody rise (> or = 4 fold) to serovar inaba in 8 vaccinees (42.1%) and ogawa in 4 (21.1%). five a ... | 1993 | 8362286 |
| effect of vibrio cholerae toxin on oral immunization of chickens. | cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae has been shown to increase the secretory immune response when given orally with some antigens in mice and rabbits. the present study was designed to determine if cholera toxin was also an effective mucosal adjuvant in chickens. tetanus toxoid was chosen as a model antigen, and response was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of intestinal excreta, bile samples, and serum samples. chickens given 20 micrograms of tetanus toxoid had a significant suppre ... | 1993 | 8363507 |
| use of vaginal tampons in sewer surveys for non-o1. vibrio cholerae. | vaginal tampons were shown to be a practical alternative to conventional moore swabs for isolating vibrio cholerae from sewage. associated laboratory investigations demonstrated improved isolation of v. cholerae by using 12- or 18-h enrichments in alkaline peptone water, in comparison with 6-h enrichments, when cultures were incubated at ambient temperatures. | 1993 | 8368858 |
| nationwide prevalence of the new epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal in india. | 1993 | 8370938 | |
| clinical profile of acute diarrhoea cases infected with the new epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae o139: designation of the disease as cholera. | a total of 113 patients suffering from acute watery diarrhoea caused by the novel epidemic strain of vibrio cholerae non-o1, currently assigned to a new serogroup o139, were investigated in order to determine the clinical presentation of the new epidemic strain causing outbreaks of cholera-like infection in the indian subcontinent. estimations of electrolyte concentration in serum and stool were also performed in a representative number of the above cases. the clinical features and blood and sto ... | 1993 | 8370939 |
| [species specific dna probes for identifying vibrio cholerae]. | a 1.74 kb hindiii fragment from a vibrio cholerae eltor library of genes was found to be strictly specific for vibrio cholerae strains independent of the biotypes, serotypes and 01-agglutination ability. the fragment was cloned in puc19 vector plasmid. the resultant recombinant plasmid pes78vcs was transformed into escherichia coli strain hb101 resulting in construction of strain km57. the sites for hincii and xhoi were plotted on a restriction map of the cloned fragment. two hindiii-xhoi as wel ... | 1993 | 8371726 |
| [the regional characteristics of the distribution of vibrio cholerae and the methods for its decontamination]. | 1993 | 8379144 | |
| a kinetic-isotope-effect study of catalysis by vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. | michaelis-menten parameters for hydrolysis of seven aryl n-acetyl alpha-d-neuraminides by vibrio cholerae neuraminidase at ph 5.0 correlate well with the leaving-group pka (delta pk 3.0; beta 1g (v/k) = -0.73, r = -0.93; beta 1g (v) = -0.25; r = -0.95). the beta-deuterium kinetic-isotope effect, beta d2(v), for the p-nitrophenyl glycoside is the same at the optimum ph of 5.0 (1.059 +/- 0.010) as at ph 8.0 (1.053 +/- 0.010), suggesting that isotope effects are fully expressed with this substrate ... | 1993 | 8379920 |
| cloning and characterization of the vibrio cholerae genes encoding the utilization of iron from haemin and haemoglobin. | vibrio cholerae can utilize haemin or haemoglobin as its sole source of iron. four haem utilization mutants of a classical strain of v. cholerae were isolated. these mutations were complemented with phut1, a cosmid clone isolated from a library of wild-type ca401 dna. two independent tn5 insertions into the cloned sequence disrupted function in all of the complemented mutants. escherichia coli 1017 transformed with phut1 failed to utilize haemin as an iron source; a second plasmid containing a d ... | 1993 | 8384684 |
| accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), the third toxin of a vibrio cholerae virulence cassette. | vibrio cholerae causes the potentially lethal disease cholera through the elaboration of the intestinal secretogen cholera toxin. a second toxin of v. cholerae, zot, decreases intestinal tissue resistance by modifying intercellular tight junctions. in this report, a third toxin of v. cholerae, ace (accessory cholera enterotoxin), is described. ace increases short-circuit current in ussing chambers and causes fluid secretion in ligated rabbit ileal loops. the predicted protein sequence of ace sho ... | 1993 | 8389476 |
| vibrio cholerae hlyb is a member of the chemotaxis receptor gene family. | 1993 | 8401237 | |
| very efficient extracellular production of cholera toxin b subunit using bacillus brevis. | we have constructed a very efficient synthesis and secretion system for cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) of vibrio cholerae 569b using bacillus-brevis. the constructed expression-secretion vector has the multiple promoters and the signal peptide coding region of the mwp gene, a structural gene for one of the major cell wall proteins of b. brevis strain 47, directly followed by the gene encoding the mature ctb. a large amount of mature ctb (1.4 g per liter of culture) was secreted into the medium. i ... | 1993 | 8405930 |
| genes required for extracellular secretion of enterotoxin are clustered in vibrio cholerae. | pleiotropic transposon insertion mutants of vibrio cholerae that are unable to secrete enterotoxin, ha/protease and chitinase through the outer membrane have been isolated. the gene, epsm, responsible for complementation of two of the tn5 insertion mutations was sequenced. it encodes a putative cytoplasmic membrane protein of 18.5 kda that exhibits similarity to proteins required for extracellular secretion of pullulanase, pectate lyase or elastase in other gram-bacteria. it is present on a 15-k ... | 1993 | 8406031 |
| an outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease amongst tribal population in tripura. | a massive outbreak of acute diarrhoeal diseases occurred during march-april, 1992 in the north district of tripura. investigation of the outbreak revealed vibrio cholerae 01 biotype elt or as the main etiologic agent in 50 per cent of patients. the outbreak which started amongst the tribal population might have spread due to prevailing illiteracy, poverty, low personal and domestic hygiene and vulnerable water sources (chhara water). | 1993 | 8406643 |
| cvd110, an attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 el tor live oral vaccine strain. | the recent expansion of the seventh cholera pandemic into south america emphasizes the need for a safe, long-lasting, protective, and nonreactogenic vaccine for this disease. since the predominant vibrio cholerae o1 strains in the world today are of the el tor biotype, a bivalent vaccine containing both classical and el tor biotypes may be desirable. we have constructed a new oral vaccine candidate, v. cholerae cvd110 el tor, ogawa, from which all toxin genes so far identified in v. cholerae hav ... | 1993 | 8406837 |
| fatal septicemia and bullae caused by non-01 vibrio cholerae. | bullous lesions associated with non-01 vibrio cholerae developed in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis who had recently ingested raw oysters. he died of overwhelming sepsis despite 5 days of aggressive antibiotic therapy. non-01 v. cholerae was isolated from blood, peritoneal fluid, and bullae. the organism produced a cytotoxic factor that destroyed chinese hamster ovary cells. although septicemia caused by non-01 v. cholerae is uncommon, cutaneous manifestations of this organism are even rarer. o ... | 1993 | 8408840 |
| vibrio spp. isolated from natural waters of the city of yangon, myanmar. | virulence properties of the environmental isolate of vibrios from natural waters of yangon, myanmar were studied. vibrio spp. were isolated for identification by the membrane filtration method and cultured on thio-sulphate-bile-sucrose media. no vibrio cholerae o1 were isolated. v. cholerae non-o1 were the major vibrio species isolated from the samples. none of them were detected for cholera-toxin-like toxin, thermostable direct haemolysin, or heat-stable enterotoxin. sixty-one isolates gave hae ... | 1993 | 8409281 |
| new strains of vibrio cholerae o139 in india and bangladesh: lessons from the recent epidemics. | 1993 | 8409283 | |
| lessons from recent outbreaks of vibrio cholerae non-01 diarrhoea in the indian subcontinent. | 1993 | 8409494 | |
| virulence patterns of vibrio cholerae non-o1 strains isolated from hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea in calcutta, india. | a collection of 28 strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated during a 3-year period (1989-1991) from hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea in calcutta, india, were examined with regard to virulence-associated factors. of the 28 isolates (each representing a case), 18 were isolated as the sole infecting agent; the remaining 10 were recovered as co-cultures from cases infected with v. cholerae o1. of the strains isolated in this study, 82% could be serotyped, with serovars o5 (32.1%), o11 an ... | 1993 | 8411093 |
| identification of toxigenic vibrio cholerae from the argentine outbreak by pcr for ctx a1 and ctx a2-b. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect a region of the a1 cholera toxin gene was applied to the identification of 43 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from the recent outbreak in argentina. a good correlation was observed between the gm1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gm1-elisa) to detect the b subunit of the enterotoxin and pcr. however, a v. cholerae non-01 strain that was negative by the elisa test, was positive by the pcr assay for the a1 region. a second pcr test to detect the a2-b ... | 1993 | 8416815 |
| occurrence of 2-o-methyl-n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronyl)-d-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-manno-pyranose) in lipopolysaccharide from ogawa but not from inaba o forms of o1 vibrio cholerae. | a structural study by gc-ms, methylation analysis, and 1h and 13c nmr was carried out on alpha (1-->2)-linked linear n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronyl)-d-perosamine homopolymer constituting the o-polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide from o1 vibrio cholerae ogawa and inaba o forms. occurrence of 2-o-methyl-n-(3-deoxy-l-glycero-tetronyl)-d-perosamine was demonstrated at the non-reducing terminus of the perosamine-homopolymer of lipopolysaccharide from the ogawa o form in contrast to the presence ... | 1993 | 8422256 |
| effects of temperature on adp-ribosylation factor stimulation of cholera toxin activity. | the effects of cholera toxin, a secretory product of vibrio cholerae, result from adp-ribosylation of the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding (gs) protein of the adenylyl cyclase system. cholera toxin a subunit (cta) also uses agmatine, a simple guanidino compound, several proteins unrelated to gs, and cta itself as alternative adp-ribose acceptors. the effects of toxin occur in the jejunum presumably at body core temperature. with agmatine as a model substrate, the optimal temperature for ct ... | 1993 | 8422366 |
| a protein required for secretion of cholera toxin through the outer membrane of vibrio cholerae. | a gene essential for the secretion of cholera toxin from the periplasm of vibrio cholerae into the extracellular medium has been isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. it encodes a cytoplasmic protein of 56 kda that exhibits a high degree of similarity to gene products required for extracellular protein secretion in several other gram- organisms. sequence similarities in its potential atp-binding site suggest that the protein may act as an energy provider or signal transducer in the pr ... | 1993 | 8423007 |
| secondary vibrio cholerae-specific cellular antibody responses following wild-type homologous challenge in people vaccinated with cvd 103-hgr live oral cholera vaccine: changes with time and lack of correlation with protection. | peripheral blood immunoglobulin a antibody-secreting-cell (asc) responses are thought to reflect the mucosal immune response to locally presented antigens. we evaluated the asc response to cholera toxin (ct) and inaba lipopolysaccharide (lps) in 26 north american volunteers following immunization with a single oral dose of live attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 vaccine strain cvd 103-hgr and again upon homologous wild-type challenge with v. cholerae classical inaba 569b. challenge occurred at either ... | 1993 | 8423098 |
| induction of sos like responses by nitrofurantoin in vibrio cholerae el tor cells. | treatment of vibrio cholerae el tor strain slh22(j) with nitrofurantoin induced dose-dependent prophage 'kappa', the maximum induction being 6-fold the spontaneous induction level. uv-inactivated 'kappa' phages were weigle reactivated, the maximum weigle factor being 1.8 and 2.0 respectively in nitrofurantoin and uv pretreated el tor strain h218 smr. nitrofurantoin treatment also caused significant filamentation of the el tor strain h218 smr and mutation of these cells from ampicillin sensitivit ... | 1993 | 8427549 |
| phylogenetic relationships of marine bacteria, mainly members of the family vibrionaceae, determined on the basis of 16s rrna sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships of 50 reference strains, mostly marine bacteria which require na+ for growth, were determined on the basis of 600 16s rrna nucleotides by using reverse transcriptase sequencing. strains belonging to 10 genera were included (four genera of the family vibrionaceae, the genus aeromonas of the family aeromonadaceae, and the genera alteromonas, marinomonas, shewanella, pseudomonas, and deleya). the sequences were aligned, the similarity values and evolutionary distance ... | 1993 | 8427811 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 from oysters--mobile bay, 1991-1992. | on july 2, 1991, during routine monitoring, the food and drug administration (fda) isolated toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, serotype inaba, biotype ei tor from oysters and intestinal contents of an oyster-eating fish taken from closed oyster beds in mobile bay. this isolate was indistinguishable from the latin american epidemic strain and differed from the strain of v. cholerae o1 that is endemic to the gulf coast. this report summarizes the public health response to this isolation of v. cholerae ... | 1993 | 8429813 |
| comparison of shiga-like toxin i b-subunit expression and localization in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae by using trc or iron-regulated promoter systems. | shiga-like toxin i (slt-i) b-subunit expression was examined by using the trc promoter in two different constructs, psbc32 and psbc54, in which 710 bp of dna downstream of the b subunit in psbc32 was deleted. the trc promoter in psbc54 was replaced also with the slt-i iron-regulated promoter to create a third plasmid, psbc61. slt-i b-subunit expression was examined from all three plasmids following transfer into escherichia coli jm105 and the cholera toxin a-subunit gene deletion mutant vibrio c ... | 1993 | 8432592 |
| rapid polymerase chain reaction method for detection of vibrio cholerae in foods. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to selectively amplify sequences within the cholera toxin operon from vibrio cholerae o1. oysters, crabmeat, shrimp, and lettuce were seeded with v. cholerae and then homogenized or washed with alkaline peptone water, followed by short-term (6- to 8-h) enrichment. a detection limit of as few as 1 v. cholerae cfu per 10 g of food was obtained with amplification reactions from crude bacterial lysates. the method is extremely rapid and obviates the need for dn ... | 1993 | 8434922 |
| circulating cellular immune response to oral immunization of humans with cholera toxin b-subunit. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells were taken from subjects before and after oral immunization with cholera toxin b-subunit. cells obtained from naive volunteers before immunization did not proliferate in vitro to b-subunit. oral immunization induced a proliferative response in all volunteers with a peak stimulation index of 20, and was detected up to 1 year later. the proliferative response kinetics suggest the appearance in the blood of primed t cells from the gut coinciding with the disappear ... | 1993 | 8438610 |
| live oral vaccines against cholera: an update. | one hundred years elapsed between the first (live, parenteral) cholera vaccine that entered clinical trials in 1885 and the field trials of two oral inactivated cholera vaccines undertaken in bangladesh in the mid-1980s. the oral inactivated vaccines advanced the art by establishing, convincingly, that oral vaccines could protect (although multiple doses were required) and that (at least in adults) protection could last 3 years. attenuated vibrio cholerae o1 strain cvd 103-hgr (deleted of the ch ... | 1993 | 8438619 |
| location of fructose in lipopolysaccharide isolated from 01 vibrio cholerae nih 41r. | fructose, a rarely occurring sugar constituent of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps), is distributed ubiquitously in lps of 01 vibrio cholerae so far examined, but its location in lps has not hitherto been elucidated. it was found that hydrazinolysis of lps successfully affords a derivative retaining virtually all the fructose of intact lps, but no ester-bound phosphate. structural analysis carried out on the lps derivative prepared by the hydrazinolysis of r-type lps isolated fro ... | 1993 | 8440469 |
| cloning and active site mutagenesis of vibrio cholerae dsba, a periplasmic enzyme that catalyzes disulfide bond formation. | recently, a gene (dsba) involved in the biogenesis of secreted oligomeric enterotoxins in vibrio cholerae was described, which encodes an exported protein possessing a -cys-pro-his-cys- motif similar to that found in the active sites of eukaryotic and prokaryotic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (yu, j., webb, h., and hirst, t. r (1992) mol. microbiol. 6, 1949-1958). here, we report the cloning of the dsba gene of v. cholerae and the demonstration that the encoded periphlasmic enzyme has disulfid ... | 1993 | 8440717 |
| identification of the flagellar antigens of vibrio cholerae el tor and their role in protection. | antiserum to the surface antigens of the wild-type flagellate strain kb207 of vibrio cholerae el tor was absorbed with isogenic aflagellate mutant cd12. antibodies remaining in the absorbed serum exhibited specificity to kb207 but not to cd12 and inhibited motility of kb207. proteins from cell-free lysates of kb207 and cd12 were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. cd12 differed from kb207 in the absence of two proteins of 40 and 38 kda. these proteins were dete ... | 1993 | 8447164 |
| identification of a 33 kda antigen associated with an adhesive and colonizing strain of vibrio cholerae el tor and its role in protection. | proteins from the cell-free lysates of the wild-type strain kb207 of vibrio cholerae el tor and the isogenic non-adhesive mutant cd11 were analysed by native and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a protein of 33 kda present in kb207 was absent from cd11. antiserum to the surface antigens of kb207 was absorbed with cd11. antibodies remaining in the serum after absorption reacted to kb207 but not to cd11 as judged by slide agglutination, double gel diffusion and dot blot elisa. antibo ... | 1993 | 8447165 |
| induction and assessment of immunity at enteromucosal surfaces in humans: implications for vaccine development. | it is now almost axiomatic that vaccines against enteric infections must be able to stimulate the gut lymphoid tissue to be efficacious and that this goal is usually better achieved by administering immunogens orally rather than parenterally. on the basis of the notion of a common mucosal immunologic system that provides immune reactivity not only at the site of antigen deposition but also at remote mucosal sites, there is much interest in developing oral vaccines against infections in the respi ... | 1993 | 8452962 |
| distribution of the zot (zonula occludens toxin) gene among strains of vibrio cholerae 01 and non-01. | the distribution of the zot gene that encodes the zonula occludens toxin, a newly described toxin of vibrio cholerae, among clinical, environmental and food isolates of v. cholerae 01 and non-01 was investigated. both the zot gene and the ctx gene that encode cholera toxin were found in 247 of 257 clinical strains and 62 of 415 environmental or food isolates of v. cholerae 01. the zot gene, but not the ctx gene was found in 37 strains (one clinical strain and 36 environmental or food isolates). ... | 1993 | 8454179 |
| heterogeneity in the molecular species of heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae non-o1 expressed by escherichia coli carrying the cloned toxin gene. | the biological activity of the heat-stable enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae non-o1 (nag-st) was found to be predominantly associated with the periplasmic extract (about four-fold higher than the culture supernatant) of a recombinant e. coli (jm109) strain carrying the nag-st toxin gene. four molecular species of nag-st, two each from the periplasmic extract and culture supernatant of jm109, were purified. amino acid sequence analysis of the four nag-st peptides isolated by hplc revealed that they ... | 1993 | 8454187 |
| non-o group 1 vibrio cholerae septicemia in israel. | 1993 | 8454453 | |
| gene encoding zonula occludens toxin (zot) does not occur independently from cholera enterotoxin genes (ctx) in vibrio cholerae. | of 167 vibrio cholerae isolates screened for sequences homologous with zonula occludens toxin (zot) or cholera toxin (ctx) genes, 3.0% of non-o1, 100.0% of clinical o1, and 0.0% of environmental o1 strains contained both zot and ctx. zot was present only in strains that were ctx positive; all ctx-positive strains carried zot. the absence of zot-positive, ctx-negative strains suggests zot is not an independent virulence factor for v. cholerae, although zot may play a role in the pathogenesis of t ... | 1993 | 8458975 |
| comparison of vibrio cholerae serotype 01 strains isolated from patients and the aquatic environment. | vibrio cholerae 01 strains of el tor and classical biotypes and ogawa and inaba serotypes were isolated from both patients and pond water, the latter used by the patients from whom the v. cholerae 01 strains had been isolated. paired strains, i.e. from the patient and from the pond used by the patient, were compared. all strains were found to be non-hydrophobic and agglutinating in ammonium sulphate (2.0-2.5 m). they demonstrated similar antibiogram patterns and plasmids were not detected. excep ... | 1993 | 8459488 |
| effect of various digestive enzymes on the interaction of toxoplasma gondii with macrophages. | the participation of resident, elicited, and activated macrophage surface components during internalization of tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii was analyzed using neuraminidase, phospholipase c, trypsin, protease, and hyaluronidase. treatment of these macrophages with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae, phospholipase c from bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens, protease, and hyaluronidase prior to their interaction with parasites increased the penetration of host cells by t. gondii. incub ... | 1993 | 8475028 |
| ctx genetic element encodes a site-specific recombination system and an intestinal colonization factor. | in vibrio cholerae, the genes encoding cholera toxin (ctxab) are located on a segment of dna (termed the "core" region) that is flanked by two or more copies of a repeated sequence called rs1. together these dna units comprise the ctx genetic element. evidence presented here suggests that rs1 sequences encode a site-specific recombination system, which allows integration of a suicide plasmid carrying rs1 into an 18-base-pair sequence (attrs1) located on the chromosome of nontoxigenic v. cholerae ... | 1993 | 8475125 |
| coordinate regulation of siderophore and exotoxin a production: molecular cloning and sequencing of the pseudomonas aeruginosa fur gene. | a 5.9-kb dna fragment was cloned from pseudomonas aeruginosa pa103 by its ability to functionally complement a fur mutation in escherichia coli. a fur null mutant e. coli strain that contains multiple copies of the 5.9-kb dna fragment produces a 15-kda protein which cross-reacts with a polyclonal anti-e. coli fur serum. sequencing of a subclone of the 5.9-kb dna fragment identified an open reading frame predicted to encode a protein 53% identical to e. coli fur and 49% identical to vibrio choler ... | 1993 | 8478325 |
| activity of four fluoroquinolones against 346 strains of enteric pathogens. | 1993 | 8486583 | |
| development of an enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probe for the cholera toxin gene. | an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated 30-mer oligonucleotide probe was developed to detect the cholera toxin gene (ctx) in vibrio cholerae o1. for rapid identification, v. cholerae o1 was grown on selective agar (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts agar) or in alkaline peptone water and organisms were transferred directly to nylon membranes. lysis of cells, denaturation of dna, neutralization, and hybridization were carried out on the membrane. these procedures required only 3 h for completion. the resu ... | 1993 | 8501233 |