Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| transcript and protein expression profile of pf11_0394, a plasmodium falciparum protein expressed in salivary gland sporozoites. | plasmodium falciparum malaria is a significant problem around the world today, thus there is still a need for new control methods to be developed. because the sporozoite displays dual infectivity for both the mosquito salivary glands and vertebrate host tissue, it is a good target for vaccine development. | 2012 | 22443220 |
| mosquito larvicidal properties of orthosiphon thymiflorus (roth) sleesen. (family: labiatae) against mosquito vectors, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | to determine the mosquito larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol leaf extract of orthosiphon thymiflorus (o. thymiflorus) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus) and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti). | 2012 | 22449522 |
| phytochemical investigation and evaluation of antinociceptive activity of ethanolic extract of dalbergia sissoo (roxb.) bark. | the antinociceptive activity of ethanolic extract of the plant bark of dalbergia sissoo (roxb.) was investigated using tail flick method on wistar rats. three different dose levels (300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) in 0.5% carboxyl methyl cellulose (cmc) were administered by p.o. route. the antinociceptive activities of the all doses were compared with that of the standard drug asprin (300 mg/kg) administered by p.o. route and the results were found to be significant (p < 0.01). at the above doses, the ... | 0 | 22470239 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags and characterization of a novel gene, slmg7, in the midgut of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | out of total 3,081 assembled expressed sequence tags (ests) sequences representing 6,815 high-quality ests identified in three cdna libraries constructed with rna isolated from the midgut of spodoptera litura, 1,039 ests showed significant hits and 1,107 ests did not show significant hits in blast searches. it is of interest to clarify whether or not these ests that did not show hits function in s. litura. | 2012 | 22470457 |
| ingested human insulin inhibits the mosquito nf-κb-dependent immune response to plasmodium falciparum. | we showed previously that ingested human insulin activates the insulin/igf-1 signaling pathway in anopheles stephensi and increases the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to plasmodium falciparum. in other organisms, insulin can alter immune responsiveness through regulation of nf-κb transcription factors, critical elements for innate immunity that are also central to mosquito immunity. we show here that insulin signaling decreased expression of nf-κb-regulated immune genes in mosquito cells sti ... | 2012 | 22473605 |
| effects of beauveria bassiana on survival, blood-feeding success, and fecundity of aedes aegypti in laboratory and semi-field conditions. | the fungus beauveria bassiana reduces aedes aegypti longevity in laboratory conditions, but effects on survival, blood-feeding behavior, and fecundity in realistic environmental conditions have not been tested. adult, female ae. aegypti infected with b. bassiana (fi-277) were monitored for blood-feeding success and fecundity in the laboratory. fungal infection reduced mosquito-human contact by 30%. fecundity was reduced by (mean ± sd) 29.3 ± 8.6 eggs per female per lifetime in the laboratory; eg ... | 0 | 22492151 |
| dengue and soluble mediators of the innate immune system. | huge emphasis has been placed on the role of the adaptive immune system in dengue pathogenesis. yet there is increasing evidence for the importance of the innate immune system in regulating dengue infection and possibly influencing the disease. this review focuses on the interplay between the innate immune system and dengue and highlights the role of soluble immunological mediators. type i and type ii interferons of the innate immune system demonstrate non-overlapping roles in dengue infection. ... | 2011 | 22500137 |
| the spiroindolone drug candidate nitd609 potently inhibits gametocytogenesis and blocks plasmodium falciparum transmission to anopheles mosquito vector. | the global malaria agenda has undergone a reorientation from control of clinical cases to entirely eradicating malaria. for that purpose, a key objective is blocking transmission of malaria parasites from humans to mosquito vectors. the new antimalarial drug candidate nitd609 was evaluated for its transmission-reducing potential and compared to a few established antimalarials (lumefantrine, artemether, primaquine), using a suite of in vitro assays. by the use of a microscopic readout, nitd609 wa ... | 2012 | 22508309 |
| antimalarial activity of the anticancer histone deacetylase inhibitor sb939. | histone deacetylase (hdac) enzymes posttranslationally modify lysines on histone and nonhistone proteins and play crucial roles in epigenetic regulation and other important cellular processes. hdac inhibitors (e.g., suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid [saha; also known as vorinostat]) are used clinically to treat some cancers and are under investigation for use against many other diseases. development of new hdac inhibitors for noncancer indications has the potential to be accelerated by piggybackin ... | 2012 | 22508312 |
| investigations on anopheline mosquitoes close to the nest sites of chimpanzees subject to malaria infection in ugandan highlands. | malaria parasites (plasmodium sp.), including new species, have recently been discovered as low grade mixed infections in three wild chimpanzees (pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) sampled randomly in kibale national park, uganda. this suggested a high prevalence of malaria infection in this community. the clinical course of malaria in chimpanzees and the species of the vectors that transmit their parasites are not known. the fact that these apes display a specific behaviour in which they consume p ... | 2012 | 22510395 |
| emergence and evolution of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. | the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) is not the sole, but perhaps the most important volume regulator in vertebrates. to gain insights into the function and evolution of its components, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of its main related genes. we found that important parts of the system began to appear with primitive chordates and tunicates and that all major components were present at the divergence of bony fish, with the exception of the mas receptor. the mas receptor first ap ... | 2012 | 22527880 |
| vaccine efficacy against malaria by the combination of porcine parvovirus-like particles and vaccinia virus vectors expressing cs of plasmodium. | with the aim to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach to control malaria, we have generated porcine parvovirus-like particles (ppv-vlps) carrying the cd8(+) t cell epitope (syvpsaeqi) of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein from plasmodium yoelii fused to the ppv vp2 capsid protein (ppv-pycs), and tested in prime/boost protocols with poxvirus vectors for efficacy in a rodent malaria model. as a proof-of concept, we have characterized the anti-cs cd8(+) t cell response elicited by these h ... | 2012 | 22529915 |
| survey for asymptomatic malaria cases in low transmission settings of iran under elimination programme. | in malaria endemic areas, continuous exposure to plasmodium parasites leads to asymptomatic carriers that provide a fundamental reservoir of parasites, contributing to the persistence of malaria transmission. therefore, in the present investigation, the presence and prevalence of malaria asymptomatic cases were determined to evaluate the reservoir of infection in two malaria endemic areas with a previous history of malaria transmission in the south of iran, bashagard and ghale-ganj districts of ... | 2012 | 22533733 |
| evaluation of 15 local plant species as larvicidal agents against an indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae). | the adverse effects of chemical insecticides-based intervention measures for the control of mosquito vectors have received wide public apprehension because of several problems like insecticide resistance, resurgence of pest species, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to humans, and non-target organisms. these problems have necessitated the need to explore and develop alternative strategies using eco-friendly, environmentally safe, bio-degradable plant products which are non-toxic to non-targ ... | 2012 | 22536188 |
| changes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in indian desert malaria vector anopheles stephensi during aging. | malaria parasite requires a specific time to replicate and disseminate in the mosquito's body before transmission to naïve hosts can occur. vector control has a proven record in the prevention and control of malaria. the evaluation of vector control strategies requires accurate methods of predicting mosquito age. anopheles stephensi is the principal malaria vector of the desert part of india. the objective of this study was to correlate the age of laboratory reared and field collected adults of ... | 2012 | 22542393 |
| a novel cost-effective medium for the production of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis for mosquito control. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) has been used for mosquito-control programmes the world-wide. indeed, the large-scale production of bti for mosquito control is very expensive due to the high cost of its culture. in the present study, we attempted to widen the scope in developing cost-effective culture medium for bti production, based on the raw materials available on the biosphere, including coconut cake powder, ccp (cocos nucifera), neem cake powder, ncp (azadirachta indica) and ... | 2012 | 22543607 |
| exploring marine cyanobacteria for lead compounds of pharmaceutical importance. | the ocean, which is called the "mother of origin of life," is also the source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes used as food by humans. they are excellent source of vitamins and proteins vital for life. several of these compounds show pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immunodeficien ... | 2012 | 22545008 |
| mosquito bisection as a variable in estimates of pcr-derived malaria sporozoite rates. | highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods offer an alternative to the light microscopy examination of mosquito salivary glands for the determination of malaria sporozoite rates in wild caught female anopheles. removal of mosquito abdomens is assumed to eliminate false positives caused by malaria oocyst dna in the midgut. this assumption has not been tested with current gold standard pcr assays, and for the variety of conditions that specimens could encounter in the laboratory and ... | 2012 | 22551078 |
| a review of african horse sickness and its implications for ireland. | african horse sickness is an economically highly important non-contagious but infectious orbivirus disease that is transmitted by various species of culicoides midges. the equids most severely affected by the virus are horses, ponies, and european donkeys; mules are somewhat less susceptible, and african donkeys and zebra are refractory to the devastating consequences of infection. in recent years, bluetongue virus, an orbivirus similar to african horse sickness, which also utilises culicoides s ... | 2012 | 22553991 |
| the polymorphism and the geographical distribution of the knockdown resistance (kdr) of anopheles sinensis in the republic of korea. | in the republic of korea (rok), six sibling species of the anopheles sinensis complex are considered the vector species of malaria, but data on their susceptibilities to malaria and vector capacities have been controversial. the intensive use of insecticides has contributed to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance in the an. sinensis complex. knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and ddt in the an. sinensis complex is associated with a mutation in codon 1014 of the volta ... | 2012 | 22554130 |
| age-dependent sex bias in clinical malarial disease in hypoendemic regions. | experimental models show a male bias in murine malaria; however, extant literature on biases in human clinical malaria is inconclusive. studies in hyperendemic areas document an absence of sexual dimorphism in clinical malaria. data on sex bias in clinical malaria in hypoendemic areas is ambiguous--some reports note a male bias but do not investigate the role of differential mosquito exposure in that bias. moreover, these studies do not examine whether the bias is age related. this study investi ... | 2012 | 22558172 |
| biolarvicidal and pupicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized using euphorbia hirta against anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | vector control is a critical requirement in epidemic disease situations, as is an urgent need to develop new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and effective yet safe for nontarget organisms and the environment. mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides of ... | 2012 | 22562234 |
| long term protection after immunization with p. berghei sporozoites correlates with sustained ifnγ responses of hepatic cd8+ memory t cells. | protection against p. berghei malaria can successfully be induced in mice by immunization with both radiation attenuated sporozoites (ras) arresting early during liver stage development, or sporozoites combined with chloroquine chemoprophylaxis (cps), resulting in complete intra-hepatic parasite development before killing of blood-stages by chloroquine takes place. we assessed the longevity of protective cellular immune responses by ras and cps p. berghei immunization of c57bl/6j mice. strong ef ... | 2012 | 22563506 |
| transmission of malaria to mosquitoes blocked by bumped kinase inhibitors. | effective control and eradication of malaria will require new tools to prevent transmission. current antimalarial therapies targeting the asexual stage of plasmodium do not prevent transmission of circulating gametocytes from infected humans to mosquitoes. here, we describe a new class of transmission-blocking compounds, bumped kinase inhibitors (bkis), which inhibit microgametocyte exflagellation. oocyst formation and sporozoite production, necessary for transmission to mammals, were inhibited ... | 2012 | 22565309 |
| silica nanoparticle: a potential new insecticide for mosquito vector control. | presently, there is a need for increased efforts to develop newer and effective methods to control mosquito vectors as the existing chemical and biological methods are not as effective as in earlier period owing to different technical and operational reasons. the use of nanomaterial products in various sectors of science including health increased during the last decade. we tested three types of nanosilica, namely lipophilic, hydrophilic and hydrophobic, to assess their larvicidal, pupicidal and ... | 2012 | 22565400 |
| mast cells as cellular sensors in inflammation and immunity. | mast cells are localized in tissues. intense research on these cells over the years has demonstrated their role as effector cells in the maintenance of tissue integrity following injury produced by infectious agents, toxins, metabolic states, etc. after stimulation they release a sophisticated array of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and growth factors to orchestrate an inflammatory response. these mediators can directly initiate tissue responses on resident cells, but they have also been sho ... | 2011 | 22566827 |
| duality and complexity of allergic type inflammatory mechanisms in determining the outcome of malaria disease. | one of the effector arms of the pathogenesis of severe forms of malaria disease is the development of uncontrolled or excessive inflammatory responses. a characteristic inflammatory response may arise from the propensity of some individuals to produce ige antibodies against environmental antigens or against parasite components. we believe that an allergic inflammatory response which develops concomitantly with a malaria episode may drive the disease course toward severe forms. the role of the ig ... | 2011 | 22566867 |
| trypanosoma cruzi immune response modulation decreases microbiota in rhodnius prolixus gut and is crucial for parasite survival and development. | trypanosoma cruzi in order to complete its development in the digestive tract of rhodnius prolixus needs to overcome the immune reactions and microbiota trypanolytic activity of the gut. we demonstrate that in r. prolixus following infection with epimastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi clone dm28c and, in comparison with uninfected control insects, the midgut contained (i) fewer bacteria, (ii) higher parasite numbers, and (iii) reduced nitrite and nitrate production and increased phenoloxidase and an ... | 2012 | 22574189 |
| role of leukotrienes on protozoan and helminth infections. | leukotrienes (lts), formed by the 5-lipoxygenase-(5-lo-) catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid, are lipid mediators that have potent proinflammatory activities. pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of 5-lo biosynthesis in animals is associated with increased mortality and impaired clearance of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. lts play a role in the control of helminth and protozoan infections by modulating the immune system and/or through direct cytotoxicity to parasites; however, lts may also b ... | 2012 | 22577251 |
| field evaluation of permethrin long-lasting insecticide treated nets (olyset(®)) for malaria control in an endemic area, southeast of iran. | long lasting insecticide treated nets (llins) have been advocated as an effective tool for prevention and control of malaria. olyset net was the first llins which became commercially available and obtained who approval. according to the national strategic plan on evaluation of olyset net, a field trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of these nets against malaria vectors in an endemic area in the southeast of iran. fourteen villages with similar topographical and epidemiological situatio ... | 2012 | 22579798 |
| liver-stage malaria parasites vulnerable to diverse chemical scaffolds. | human malaria infection begins with a one-time asymptomatic liver stage followed by a cyclic symptomatic blood stage. all high-throughput malaria drug discovery efforts have focused on the cyclic blood stage, which has limited potential for the prophylaxis, transmission blocking, and eradication efforts that will be needed in the future. to address these unmet needs, a high-throughput phenotypic liver-stage plasmodium parasite screen was developed to systematically identify molecules with liver- ... | 2012 | 22586124 |
| complex effects of temperature on mosquito immune function. | over the last 20 years, ecological immunology has provided much insight into how environmental factors shape host immunity and host-parasite interactions. currently, the application of this thinking to the study of mosquito immunology has been limited. mechanistic investigations are nearly always conducted under one set of conditions, yet vectors and parasites associate in a variable world. we highlight how environmental temperature shapes cellular and humoral immune responses (melanization, pha ... | 2012 | 22593107 |
| adjuvant-like effect of vaccinia virus 14k protein: a case study with malaria vaccine based on the circumsporozoite protein. | development of subunit vaccines for malaria that elicit a strong, long-term memory response is an intensive area of research, with the focus on improving the immunogenicity of a circumsporozoite (cs) protein-based vaccine. in this study, we found that a chimeric protein, formed by fusing vaccinia virus protein 14k (a27) to the cs of plasmodium yoelii, induces strong effector memory cd8(+) t cell responses in addition to high-affinity abs when used as a priming agent in the absence of any adjuvan ... | 2012 | 22615208 |
| algae-produced pfs25 elicits antibodies that inhibit malaria transmission. | subunit vaccines are significantly more expensive to produce than traditional vaccines because they are based primarily on recombinant proteins that must be purified from the expression system. despite the increased cost, subunit vaccines are being developed because they are safe, effective, and can elicit antibodies that confer protection against diseases that are not currently vaccine-preventable. algae are an attractive platform for producing subunit vaccines because they are relatively inexp ... | 2012 | 22615931 |
| the anopheles gambiae ce5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression. | mosquito saliva carries a large number of factors with anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activities. the ce5 protein was initially identified during an anopheles gambiae salivary gland transcriptome study and later shown to share sequence similarity with anophelin, a thrombin inhibitor from the saliva of the new world mosquito anopheles albimanus. the ce5 gene was found to encode different mrna isoforms coexisting in several tissues of both male and female mosquitoes, a hi ... | 2012 | 22617725 |
| lethal effects of aspergillus niger against mosquitoes vector of filaria, malaria, and dengue: a liquid mycoadulticide. | aspergillus niger is a fungus of the genus aspergillus. it has caused a disease called black mold on certain fruits and vegetables. the culture filtrates released from the a. niger atcc 66566 were grown in czapek dox broth (cdb) then filtered with flash chromatograph and were used for the bioassay after a growth of thirty days. the result demonstrated these mortalities with lc(50), lc(90), and lc(99) values of culex quinquefasciatus 0.76, 3.06, and 4.75, anopheles stephensi 1.43, 3.2, and 3.86, ... | 2012 | 22629156 |
| salivary gland transcriptomes and proteomes of phlebotomus tobbi and phlebotomus sergenti, vectors of leishmaniasis. | phlebotomus tobbi is a vector of leishmania infantum, and p. sergenti is a vector of leishmania tropica. le. infantum and le. tropica typically cause visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, but le. infantum strains transmitted by p. tobbi can cause cutaneous disease. to better understand the components and possible implications of sand fly saliva in leishmaniasis, the transcriptomes of the salivary glands (sgs) of these two sand fly species were sequenced, characterized and compared. | 2012 | 22629480 |
| mosquito adulticidal activity of a biosurfactant produced by bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis. | a biosurfactant, surfactin, produced by a strain of bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (vcrc b471), was effective in killing mosquito larval and pupal stages. as it was lethal to the non-feeding pupal stage, it was presumed that it could kill the adult mosquitoes also. in this study, the adulticidal effect of the biosurfactant was assessed in the laboratory against a malaria vector, anopheles stephensi. | 2012 | 22653636 |
| pfe0565w, a plasmodium falciparum protein expressed in salivary gland sporozoites. | because malaria is still a significant problem worldwide, additional control methods need to be developed. the plasmodium sporozoite is a good target for control measures because it displays dual infectivity for both mosquito and vertebrate host tissues. the plasmodium falciparum gene, pfe0565w, was chosen as a candidate for study based on data from plasmodb, the plasmodium database, indicating that it is expressed both at the transcriptional and protein levels in sporozoites, likely encodes a p ... | 0 | 22665598 |
| pcr detection of malaria parasites in desiccated anopheles mosquitoes is uninhibited by storage time and temperature. | reliable methods to preserve mosquito vectors for malaria studies are necessary for detecting plasmodium parasites. in field settings, however, maintaining a cold chain of storage from the time of collection until laboratory processing, or accessing other reliable means of sample preservation is often logistically impractical or cost prohibitive. as the plasmodium infection rate of anopheles mosquitoes is a central component of the entomological inoculation rate and other indicators of transmiss ... | 2012 | 22682161 |
| transgenic anopheles stephensi coexpressing single-chain antibodies resist plasmodium falciparum development. | anopheles stephensi mosquitoes expressing m1c3, m4b7, or m2a10 single-chain antibodies (scfvs) have significantly lower levels of infection compared to controls when challenged with plasmodium falciparum, a human malaria pathogen. these scfvs are derived from antibodies specific to a parasite chitinase, the 25 kda protein and the circumsporozoite protein, respectively. transgenes comprising m2a10 in combination with either m1c3 or m4b7 were inserted into previously-characterized mosquito chromos ... | 2012 | 22689959 |
| enhanced transmission of drug-resistant parasites to mosquitoes following drug treatment in rodent malaria. | the evolution of drug resistant plasmodium parasites is a major challenge to effective malaria control. in theory, competitive interactions between sensitive parasites and resistant parasites within infections are a major determinant of the rate at which parasite evolution undermines drug efficacy. competitive suppression of resistant parasites in untreated hosts slows the spread of resistance; competitive release following treatment enhances it. here we report that for the murine model plasmodi ... | 2012 | 22701563 |
| comparison of clinical and parasitological data from controlled human malaria infection trials. | exposing healthy human volunteers to plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquitoes is an accepted tool to evaluate preliminary efficacy of malaria vaccines. to accommodate the demand of the malaria vaccine pipeline, controlled infections are carried out in an increasing number of centers worldwide. we assessed their safety and reproducibility. | 2012 | 22701640 |
| epidemiology of imported malaria in the mediterranean region. | malaria is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of our time, causing 655 000 deaths during 2010 (who), most of them in sub-saharan africa and under the age of 5. during the last few years an increasing number of imported malaria cases is reported in europe and mediterranean countries, probably supported by the increasing number of international travel in association with the important influx of immigrants from malaria-endemic countries. moreover, the presence of anopheline vectors in m ... | 2012 | 22708046 |
| genetic sex separation of the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis, by exposing eggs to dieldrin. | the sterile insect technique (sit) has been used with success for suppressing or eliminating important insect pests of agricultural or veterinary importance. in order to develop sit for mosquitoes, female elimination prior to release is essential as they are the disease-transmitting sex. a genetic sexing strain (gss) of anopheles arabiensis was created based on resistance to dieldrin, and methods of sex separation at the egg stage were developed. the use of this strain for sit will require sexua ... | 2012 | 22713308 |
| global climate change and its potential impact on disease transmission by salinity-tolerant mosquito vectors in coastal zones. | global climate change can potentially increase the transmission of mosquito vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue in many parts of the world. these predictions are based on the effects of changing temperature, rainfall, and humidity on mosquito breeding and survival, the more rapid development of ingested pathogens in mosquitoes and the more frequent blood feeds at moderately higher ambient temperatures. an expansion of saline and brackish water bodies (water wi ... | 2012 | 22723781 |
| evaluation of certain insecticides on nettings for their efficacy and wash resistance against mosquito species. | five insecticides (bifenthrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, permethrin and lamda cyhalothrin) recommended by who, at their recommended dose were compared for their efficacy and wash resistance through bioassay against mosquito vectors, culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. etofenprox treated nettings exhibited better knockdown and mortality than the other insecticides. the order of efficacy of the insecticides treated nettings was etofenprox > or = deltamethrin > lambda cyh ... | 2012 | 22734256 |
| identification of the active region responsible for the anti-thrombotic activity of anopheline anti-platelet protein from a malaria vector mosquito. | we previously identified an anti-platelet protein, anopheline anti-platelet protein (aapp), from the salivary gland of female anopheles stephensi (a mosquito vector of human malaria). aapp specifically blocks platelet adhesion to collagen by binding directly to collagen and subsequently causing platelet aggregation. the aim of this study was to identify the active region of aapp responsible for the anti-thrombotic activity because we hypothesized that aapp could be used as a candidate anti-plate ... | 2013 | 22738392 |
| larvicidal activity of morinda citrifolia l. (noni) (family: rubiaceae) leaf extract against anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. | morinda citrifolia leaf extract was tested for larvicidal activity against three medically important mosquito vectors such as malarial vector anopheles stephensi, dengue vector aedes aegypti, and filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus. the plant material was shade dried at room temperature and powdered coarsely. from the leaf, 1-kg powder was macerated with 3.0 l of hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, and water sequentially for a period of 72 h each and filtered. the yield of extracts was hex ... | 2012 | 22740293 |
| mermithid nematodes found in adult anopheles from southeastern senegal. | over two dozen mermithid nematodes have been described parasitizing mosquitoes worldwide, however, only two species were found in africa. mermithid nematodes kill their mosquito host upon emergence, which suggests that they could be developed as biological control agents of mosquitoes. both romanomermis culicivorax and romanomermis iyengari have been reared for mass release to control numerous anopheles species vector populations, and in one instance this may have led to reduced malaria prevalen ... | 2012 | 22741946 |
| electroantennogram, flight orientation and oviposition responses of anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti to a fatty acid ester-propyl octadecanoate. | studies were carried out to evaluate the role of a c(21)-fatty acid ester; propyl octadecanoate (po) for olfaction-mediated behavioral responses of urban malaria vector, anopheles stephensi and dengue vector, aedes aegypti mosquitoes using electroantennogram (eag), flight orientation and oviposition experiments. dose dependent electrophysiological responses were recorded for po from the antenna of both mosquito species in which 10(-5) g elicited significant eag response. an. stephensi exhibited ... | 2012 | 22750483 |
| folk medicinal uses of verbenaceae family plants in bangladesh. | folk medicinal practitioners form the first tier of primary health-care providers to most of the rural population of bangladesh. they are known locally as kavirajes and rely almost solely on oral or topical administration of whole plants or plant parts for treatment of various ailments. also about 2% of the total population of bangladesh are scattered among more than twenty tribes residing within the country's borders. the various tribes have their own tribal practitioners, who use medicinal pla ... | 2011 | 22754058 |
| the role of leishmania proteophosphoglycans in sand fly transmission and infection of the mammalian host. | leishmania are transmitted by the bite of their sand fly vector and this has a significant influence on the virulence of the resulting infection. from our studies into the interaction between parasite, vector, and host we have uncovered an important missing ingredient during leishmania transmission. leishmania actively adapt their sand fly hosts into efficient vectors by secreting promastigote secretory gel (psg), a proteophosphoglycan (ppg)-rich, mucin-like gel which accumulates in sand fly gut ... | 2012 | 22754550 |
| flp recombinase-mediated site-specific recombination in silkworm, bombyx mori. | a comprehensive understanding of gene function and the production of site-specific genetically modified mutants are two major goals of genetic engineering in the post-genomic era. although site-specific recombination systems have been powerful tools for genome manipulation of many organisms, they have not yet been established for use in the manipulation of the silkworm bombyx mori genome. in this study, we achieved site-specific excision of a target gene at predefined chromosomal sites in the si ... | 2012 | 22768245 |
| development of an allele-specific, loop-mediated, isothermal amplification method (as-lamp) to detect the l1014f kdr-w mutation in anopheles gambiae s. l. | malaria control relies heavily on treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with pyrethroid insecticides. unfortunately, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, mainly due to the kdr mutation, is spreading in the main malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l., decreasing the insecticides' efficacy. to manage the insecticide resistance rapidly and flexibly, simple and effective tools for the early detection of resistant mosquitoes are needed. this study aimed to develop an allele-specific, loo ... | 2012 | 22770418 |
| structural basis for chirality and directional motility of plasmodium sporozoites. | plasmodium sporozoites can move at high speed for several tens of minutes, which is essential for the initial stage of a malaria infection. the crescent-shaped sporozoites move on 2d substrates preferably in the same direction on circular paths giving raise to helical paths in 3d matrices. here we determined the structural basis that underlies this type of movement. immature, non-motile sporozoites were found to lack the subpellicular network required for obtaining the crescent parasite shape. i ... | 2012 | 22776715 |
| imidacloprid and thiamethoxam induced mutations in internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) of anopheles stephensi. | the present article deals with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based genotoxicity evaluation of neonicotinoid pesticides, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, by using the genome of a mosquito anopheles stephensi taken as an experimental model. after treatment of the second instar larvae with lc(20) of the pesticides for 24 h, the induced nucleotide sequence variations in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) of freshly hatched unfed control and treated individuals was studied from the sequence ... | 0 | 22778521 |
| hybridization in situ of salivary glands, ovaries, and embryos of vector mosquitoes. | mosquitoes are vectors for a diverse set of pathogens including arboviruses, protozoan parasites and nematodes. investigation of transcripts and gene regulators that are expressed in tissues in which the mosquito host and pathogen interact, and in organs involved in reproduction are of great interest for strategies to reduce mosquito-borne disease transmission and disrupt egg development. a number of tools have been employed to study and validate the temporal and tissue-specific regulation of ge ... | 2012 | 22781778 |
| induction of antisporozoite antibodies by biting of transgenic anopheles stephensi delivering malarial antigen via blood feeding. | we produced a transgenic mosquito expressing a rodent malaria vaccine candidate antigen in the salivary gland. three tandemly repeated amino acid units from the repeat region of circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei (pbcs3r) fused to red fluorescent protein (monomeric dsred) was chosen as a vaccine candidate antigen. immunoblot and fluorescence microscopic analyses showed the transgene expression in the female salivary gland. the transgene product was released from the proboscis as a co ... | 2012 | 22787718 |
| larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of citrus sinensis orange peel extract against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. the or ... | 2012 | 22797605 |
| fighting malaria with engineered symbiotic bacteria from vector mosquitoes. | the most vulnerable stages of plasmodium development occur in the lumen of the mosquito midgut, a compartment shared with symbiotic bacteria. here, we describe a strategy that uses symbiotic bacteria to deliver antimalaria effector molecules to the midgut lumen, thus rendering host mosquitoes refractory to malaria infection. the escherichia coli hemolysin a secretion system was used to promote the secretion of a variety of anti-plasmodium effector proteins by pantoea agglomerans, a common mosqui ... | 2012 | 22802646 |
| indication of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi from iran. | to investigate insecticide resistance in target species for better insecticide resistance management in malaria control programs. | 2012 | 22805725 |
| enhanced survival of plasmodium-infected mosquitoes during starvation. | plasmodium spp. are pathogenic to their vertebrate hosts and also apparently, impose a fitness cost on their insect vectors. we show here, however, that plasmodium-infected mosquitoes survive starvation significantly better than uninfected mosquitoes. this survival advantage during starvation is associated with higher energy resource storage that infected mosquitoes accumulate during period of plasmodium oocyst development. microarray analysis revealed that the metabolism of sated mosquitoes is ... | 2012 | 22808193 |
| blood meal identification in field-captured sand flies: comparison of pcr-rflp and elisa assays. | we aimed to develop a pcr-rflp assay based on available sequences of putative vertebrate hosts to identify blood meals ingested by field female sand fly in the northwest of iran. in addition, the utility of pcr-rflp was compared with elisa as a standard method. | 2009 | 22808367 |
| stability and wash resistance of local made mosquito bednets and detergents treated with pyrethroids against susceptible strain of malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | we aimed to evaluate different fibres of bednets impregnated with various pyrethroids. the stability of insecticide on the bednet was measured using different methods of washings as well as local made detergents. | 2009 | 22808368 |
| study on fungal flora in the midgut of the larva and adult of the different populations of the malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | many microorganisms in midgut of mosquito challenge with their host and also other pathogens present in midgut. the aim of this study was presence of non-pathogens microorganisms like fungal flora which may be crucial on interaction between vectors and pathogens. | 2009 | 22808370 |
| differential responses of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) to skin emanations of a man, a cow, and a guinea pig in the olfactometer. | biting habit of mosquitoes plays an important role in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. mosquitoes use a set of elaborate sensory modalities to find their preferred hosts by exploiting cues emanating from a nearby host. it has been suggested that the chemical profile of skin can provide further support for anthropophilic mosquito species to find their suitable hosts. this study aimed at revealing the value of skin emanation for a zoophilic species like anopheles stephensi as a model. | 2010 | 22808383 |
| molecular monitoring of plasmodium vivax infection after radical treatment in southeastern iran. | the aim was to evaluate the relapse risk of vivax malaria in patients who received radical treatment in hormozgan province, a malarious area located on southeast of iran. | 2010 | 22808385 |
| malaria situation analysis and stratification in bandar abbas county, southern iran, 2004-2008. | the aim of this study was that the past five years data were collected to analyze the situation of malaria and health facilities in this area for better understanding malaria problem and to find solutions. | 2010 | 22808386 |
| residual effects of deltamethrin wg 25% as a new formulation on different surfaces against anopheles stephensi, in southeastern iran. | indoor residual spraying (irs) is functioned as national interventions against malaria in southeastern foci of iran and deltamethrin wp one of the insecticides have been used since past decade. in this study, the residual activity of the wettable granule (wg) was studied on different surfaces in hut scale trial against anopheles stephensi in iranshahr district, southeastern iran. | 2010 | 22808390 |
| mosquito vector biting and community protection in a malarious area, siahoo district, hormozgan, iran. | use of bed-net continues to offer potential strategy for malaria prevention in endemic areas. local communities are indispensable during design and implementation stages. | 2010 | 22808398 |
| adulticidal activity of olea vera, linum usitatissimum and piper nigera against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. | there are several plant extractions which are being used for mosquito control. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of olea vera, linum usitatissimum and piper nigera against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. | 2011 | 22808413 |
| repellency effects of essential oils of myrtle (myrtus communis), marigold (calendula officinalis) compared with deet against anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. | malaria and leishmaniasis are two most significant parasitic diseases which are endemic in iran. over the past decades, interest in botanical repellents has increased as a result of safety to human. the comparative efficacy of essential oils of two native plants, myrtle (myrtus communis) and marigold (calendula officinalis) collected from natural habitats at southern iran was compared with deet as synthetic repellent against anopheles stephensi on human subjects under laboratory condition. | 2011 | 22808414 |
| utility of filter paper for preserving insects, bacteria, and host reservoir dna for molecular testing. | appropriate methodology for storage biological materials, extraction of dna, and proper dna preservation is vital for studies involving genetic analysis of insects, bacteria, and reservoir hosts as well as for molecular diagnostics of pathogens carried by vectors and reservoirs. here we tried to evaluate the utility of a simple filter paper-based for storage of insects, bacteria, rodent, and human dnas using pcr assays. | 2011 | 22808417 |
| larvicidal activity of essential oils of apiaceae plants against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi. | plant extracts and oils may act as alternatives to conventional pesticides for malaria vector control. the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oils of three plants of apiaceae family against anopheles stephensi, the main malaria vector in iran. | 2011 | 22808418 |
| a plasmodium calcium-dependent protein kinase controls zygote development and transmission by translationally activating repressed mrnas. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) play key regulatory roles in the life cycle of the malaria parasite, but in many cases their precise molecular functions are unknown. using the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei, we show that cdpk1, which is known to be essential in the asexual blood stage of the parasite, is expressed in all life stages and is indispensable during the sexual mosquito life-cycle stages. knockdown of cdpk1 in sexual stages resulted in developmentally arrested par ... | 0 | 22817984 |
| distinct biological effects of golgicide a derivatives on larval and adult mosquitoes. | a collection of golgicide a (gca) analogs has been synthesized and evaluated in larval and adult mosquito assays. commercially available gca is a mixture of four compounds. one enantiomer (gca-2) of the major diastereomer in this mixture was shown to be responsible for the unique activity of gca. structure-activity studies (sar) of the gca architecture suggested that the pyridine ring was most easily manipulated without loss or gain in new activity. eighteen gca analogs were synthesized of which ... | 2012 | 22818079 |
| adulticidal and repellent properties of cassia tora linn. (family: caesalpinaceae) against culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi. | mosquitoes have developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides, making its control increasingly difficult. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. the adulticidal and repellent activities of crude hexane, chloroform, benzene, acetone, and methanol extracts of the leaf of cassia tora were assayed for their toxicity against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, and anopheles stephensi. ... | 2012 | 22821231 |
| community sleeping pattern and anopheline biting in southeastern iran: a country earmarked for malaria elimination. | an important variable in determining the vectorial capacity of malaria mosquito species is the degree of mosquito-human contact. this parameter can be affected by community sleeping behavior and the host-feeding habits of vectors. a cross-sectional study of 775 randomly selected inhabitants, including 385 baluchi residents and 390 afghani refugees, was conducted in a malarious area in sabaz district, sistan-baluchestan province, southeastern iran. in addition, monitoring of human landing periodi ... | 2012 | 22826491 |
| lethal effect of streptomyces citreofluorescens against larvae of malaria, filaria and dengue vectors. | to investigate lethal effect of culture filtrates of streptomyces citreofluorescens (s. citreofluorescens) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) larvae vectors for malaria, filarial and dengue. | 2012 | 22840445 |
| larvicidal, ovicidal and pupicidal activities of gliricidia sepium (jacq.) (leguminosae) against the malarial vector, anopheles stephensi liston (culicidae: diptera). | to investigate the potentiality of mosquitocidal activity of gliricidia sepium (g. sepium) (jacq.) (leguminosae). | 2012 | 22840446 |
| review of pyronaridine anti-malarial properties and product characteristics. | pyronaridine was synthesized in 1970 at the institute of chinese parasitic disease and has been used in china for over 30 years for the treatment of malaria. pyronaridine has high potency against plasmodium falciparum, including chloroquine-resistant strains. studies in various animal models have shown pyronaridine to be effective against strains resistant to other anti-malarials, including chloroquine. resistance to pyronaridine appears to emerge slowly and is further retarded when pyronaridine ... | 2012 | 22877082 |
| conformational co-dependence between plasmodium berghei lccl proteins promotes complex formation and stability. | malaria parasites express a conserved family of lccl-lectin adhesive-like domain proteins (laps) that have essential functions in sporozoite transmission. in plasmodium falciparum all six family members are expressed in gametocytes and form a multi-protein complex. intriguingly, knockout of p. falciparum lccl proteins adversely affects expression of other family members at protein, but not at mrna level, a phenomenon termed co-dependent expression. here, we investigate this in plasmodium berghei ... | 2012 | 22877575 |
| cpg-containing oligodeoxynucleotides increases resistance of anopheles mosquitoes to plasmodium infection. | unmethylated cpg dinucleotide motifs in bacterial dna or in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) are potent stimulators of the vertebrate innate immune system. however, the potential of these dna species to modulate mosquito immunity have not been explored. in the present study, we investigated the effects of cpg-odn on the outcome of plasmodium infection in insects and on the modulation of mosquito immunity to plasmodium. anopheles stephensi and anopheles gambiae mosquitoes inoculated with cpg ... | 2012 | 22885118 |
| larvicidal and repellent properties of adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | development of plant-based alternative compounds for mosquito control has gained importance now-a-days, in view of increasing resistance in mosquito vectors to existing insecticides. the larvicidal and repellent activities of benzene, chloroform, hexane and methanol leaf extracts of indian medicinal plant, adansonia digitata were investigated against malarial vector, anopheles stephensi. | 2012 | 22898480 |
| mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of artemisia nilagirica (family: compositae) against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. | mosquito-borne diseases have an economic impact, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates; however, no part of the world is free from vector-borne diseases. the aim of the present study, to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent, and adulticidal activities of methanol crude extract of artemisia nilagirica were assayed for their toxicity against two important vector mosquitoes, viz., anopheles stephensi and aedes aegyp ... | 2012 | 22903417 |
| effect of ageratum houstonianum mill. (asteraceae) leaf extracts on the oviposition activity of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | plant extracts have been studied extensively for their insecticidal activity against immature stages and adult mosquitoes. they have also been reported to influence the habitat preference of ovipositing mosquitoes. ageratum houstonianum, a medicinal plant belonging to the family asteraceae, has been reported to possess insecticidal activity, and in the present study, the ovipositional attractant/deterrent activity was studied. the effect of ageratum houstonianum crude leaf extracts on the ovipos ... | 2012 | 22903449 |
| shedding of trap by a rhomboid protease from the malaria sporozoite surface is essential for gliding motility and sporozoite infectivity. | plasmodium sporozoites, the infective stage of the malaria parasite, move by gliding motility, a unique form of locomotion required for tissue migration and host cell invasion. trap, a transmembrane protein with extracellular adhesive domains and a cytoplasmic tail linked to the actomyosin motor, is central to this process. forward movement is achieved when trap, bound to matrix or host cell receptors, is translocated posteriorly. it has been hypothesized that these adhesive interactions must ul ... | 2012 | 22911675 |
| insecticide susceptibility status in three medically important species of mosquitoes, anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, from bruhat bengaluru mahanagara palike, karnataka, india. | development of resistance among mosquito vectors of diseases is of growing concern in many countries of the subtropics, including much of india. the distributions of susceptibility/resistance to insecticides are scarcely recorded and are unknown in many parts of india. this manuscript reports the susceptibility status among strains of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus collected from different geographical areas of bruhat bengaluru mahanagara palike (bbmp), karnataka, ... | 2013 | 22926921 |
| variation in apoptosis mechanisms employed by malaria parasites: the roles of inducers, dose dependence and parasite stages. | plasmodium berghei ookinetes exhibit an apoptotic phenotype when developing within the mosquito midgut lumen or when cultured in vitro. markers of apoptosis increase when they are exposed to nitric oxide or reactive oxygen species but high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide cause death without observable signs of apoptosis. chloroquine and other drugs have been used to induce apoptosis in erythrocytic stages of plasmodium falciparum and to formulate a putative pathway involving cysteine proteas ... | 2012 | 22929459 |
| a unique kelch domain phosphatase in plasmodium regulates ookinete morphology, motility and invasion. | signalling through post-translational modification (ptm) of proteins is a process central to cell homeostasis, development and responses to external stimuli. the best characterised ptm is protein phosphorylation which is reversibly catalysed at specific residues through the action of protein kinases (addition) and phosphatases (removal). here, we report characterisation of an orphan protein phosphatase that possesses a domain architecture previously only described in plantae. through gene disrup ... | 2012 | 22957089 |
| adulticidal properties of cardiospermum halicacabum plant extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. | to determine adulticidal activitiy of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol leaf extracts of cardiospermum halicacabum against culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 22957423 |
| the roles of serpins in mosquito immunology and physiology. | in vector-borne diseases, the complex interplay between pathogen and its vector's immune system determines the outcome of infection and therefore disease transmission. serpins have been shown in many animals to be key regulators of innate immune reactions. their control over regulatory proteolytic cascades ultimately decides whether the recognition of a pathogen will lead to an appropriate immune response. in mosquitoes, serpins (srpns) regulate the activation of prophenoloxidase and thus melani ... | 2012 | 22960307 |
| screening of selected ethnomedicinal plants from south africa for larvicidal activity against the mosquito anopheles arabiensis. | this study was initiated to establish whether any south african ethnomedicinal plants (indigenous or exotic), that have been reported to be used traditionally to repel or kill mosquitoes, exhibit effective mosquito larvicidal properties. | 2012 | 22963538 |
| draft genome sequences of enterobacter sp. isolate ag1 from the midgut of the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | an isolate of enterobacter sp. was obtained from the microbial community within the gut of the anopheles gambiae mosquito, a major malaria vector in africa. this genome was sequenced and annotated. the genome sequences will facilitate subsequent efforts to characterize the mosquito gut microbiome. | 0 | 22965099 |
| comparative transcriptome analyses of deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from kenya by rna-seq. | malaria causes more than 300 million clinical cases and 665,000 deaths each year, and the majority of the mortality and morbidity occurs in sub-saharan africa. due to the lack of effective vaccines and wide-spread resistance to antimalarial drugs, mosquito control is the primary method of malaria prevention and control. currently, malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticides, primarily pyrethroids. the extensive use of insecticides has imposed strong selection pressures for resistanc ... | 2012 | 22970263 |
| oviposition-stimulant and ovicidal activities of moringa oleifera lectin on aedes aegypti. | natural insecticides against the vector mosquito aedes aegypti have been the object of research due to their high level of eco-safety. the water-soluble moringa oleifera lectin (wsmol) is a larvicidal agent against a. aegypti. this work reports the effects of wsmol on oviposition and egg hatching of a. aegypti. | 2012 | 22970317 |
| urban health challenges in europe. | this article synthesizes diverse official reports, statistics, and scientific papers that present demographic, economic, environmental, and social trends impacting on the health and quality of life of citizens living in european cities. a literature review led to the identification of some key challenges including an aging society, migration flows, inequalities in health, global change, and risk behaviors that should be addressed in order to promote urban health. other challenges, such as food p ... | 2012 | 22971931 |
| efficacy of applying self-assessment of larviciding operation, chabahar, iran. | appropriate supervision, along with availability of an effective system for monitoring and evaluation, is a crucial requirement to guarantee sufficient coverage and quality of malaria vector control procedures. this study evaluated the efficacy of self-assessment practice as a possible innovative method towards achieving high coverage and excellent quality of larviciding operation in iran. | 2012 | 22985394 |
| quantification of sporozoite invasion, migration, and development by microscopy and flow cytometry. | there is an important role for in vitro assays to better understand the initial steps of malaria infection. in this section, we describe both microscopy-based and flow cytometry-based sporozoite invasion, migration and development assays with the rodent malaria parasites, plasmodium berghei and plasmodium yoelii, and the human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | 0 | 22990793 |