Publications

identification of a surface glycoprotein on african green monkey kidney cells as a receptor for hepatitis a virus.	very little is known about the mechanism of cell entry of hepatitis a virus (hav), and the identification of cellular receptors for this picornavirus has been elusive. here we describe the molecular cloning of a cellular receptor for hav using protective monoclonal antibodies raised against susceptible african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells as probes. monoclonal antibodies 190/4, 235/4 and 263/6, which reacted against similar epitopes, specifically protected agmk cells against hav infection by ...	1996	8861957
hepatitis a transmission by factor ix concentrates.	factor ix concentrates unlike factor viii concentrates have not to date been associated with the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav). a retrospective study by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a batch of factor ix concentrate used to treat two haemophilia b patients who developed jaundice and igm anti-hav antibodies within 50 days of factor ix administration in 1985 revealed the presence of hav rna. these findings indicate that factor ix concentrates can transmit hav and tha ...	1996	8873425
removal of parvovirus and hepatitis a virus by metal chelate affinity chromatography during the preparation of replenine: a high-purity factor ix concentrate.		1996	8873426
immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined hepatitis a/b candidate vaccine: first results.	we evaluated immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated, combined hepatitis a/b candidate vaccine in 50 seronegative volunteers. each volunteer received a total of three doses of vaccine (720 eiu hav and 20 micrograms hbs antigen) according to a 0, 1 and 6 month vaccination schedule. one month after the first injection, the seroconversion rate was 90% (45/50) for anti-hav and 28% (14/50) for anti-hbs, respectively. after the booster dose, at month 7, the seroconversion rate was as high ...	1996	8878000
mononeuritis multiplex: a rare complication of acute hepatitis a.	a 28-year-old man suffered from acute severe hepatitis a virus infection, documented by serologic diagnosis. during the clinical and enzymatic recovery phase, mononeuritis multiplex that involved the left ulnar and right lateral cutaneous nerves developed. it presented by sensorimotor disturbances in left arm and right thigh. mononeuritis multiplex has been frequently described in patients with chronic hepatitis b, either isolated or associated with periarteritis nodosa. however, it has not been ...	1996	8878003
interference assessment of yellow fever vaccine with the immune response to a single-dose inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (1440 el.u.). a controlled study in adults.	the objective of this open, controlled clinical trial was to assess whether yellow fever (yf) vaccine would interfere with one single dose of an inactivated hepatitis a (hav) vaccine 1440 el.u. when they are administered simultaneously. one hundred and ten healthy adults (24 +/- 4 years old, 65% females) were included and randomized to receive one single dose of hav vaccine (group 1) or hav vaccine plus yf vaccine (group 2). all subjects received a booster dose of hav vaccine (month 6). anti-hav ...	1996	8879097
a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus, hepatitis c virus, and pestivirus.	cap-independent translations of viral rnas of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, cardioviruses and aphthoviruses, hepatitis a and c viruses (hav and hcv), and pestivirus are initiated by the direct binding of 40s ribosomal subunits to a cis-acting genetic element termed the internal ribosome entry site (ires) or ribosome landing pad (rlp) in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr). rna higher ordered structure models for these ires elements were derived by a combined approach using thermodynamic rna foldin ...	1996	8879130
immunopathogenesis and physical maps of fowl adenovirus serotype 9.	restriction endonuclease maps of the genome of fowl adenovirus (fav) serotype 9 have been constructed for the restriction endonucleases ndei, noti and xbai. the total size of the fav-9 genome was estimated to be 44.5 kb pairs, consistent with previous reports that fav genomes are approximately 10 kb larger than human adenovirus (hav). the pathogenicity of this virus in day-old chickens was intermediate between the pathogenicity of the non-pathogenic and the highly pathogenic favs.	1996	8880992
new hepatitis a vaccines and their role in prevention.	the hepatitis a virus (hav) accounts for 20 to 25% of clinically apparent hepatitis cases worldwide. it generally causes mild to moderately severe acute illness. the serological prevalence of this virus is high in underdeveloped countries where poor sanitary conditions facilitate the spread of the virus. the sentinel counties studies of the centers for disease control in the us have identified a number of factors associated with the acquisition of hav, including household members, homosexual men ...	1996	8882375
sequence-specific, single-primer amplification and detection of pcr products for identification of hepatitis viruses.	a simple system to detect polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification products was developed. this detection method has the sensitivity and the specificity of nested primer pcr amplification or southern blot hybridization of pcr product. digoxigenin-labeled pcr products were hybridized with a biotinylated probe in liquid phase and captured on to microtiter wells coated with antidigoxigenin followed by detection with streptavidin-peroxidase. the sensitivity of this assay for the detection of he ...	1996	8882945
seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among sewage workers in the parisian area, france.	sewers are an ideal environment to be occupationally exposed to viral hepatitis a (hav) infection, because of high frequency and ability of the virus to remain viable for prolonged periods in sewage. however, data on the occupational risk of hav infection among sewage workers is not well documented. in a cross sectional study comparing sewage workers (n = 155) to those not occupationally exposed to it (n = 70), we found a non significant increase in hav seropositivity among sewage workers of 12. ...	1996	8884189
improvement of virus safety of a s/d-treated factor viii concentrate by additional dry heat treatment at 100 degrees c.	in order to increase the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated factor viii concentrate in regard to non-lipid coated viruses and to respond to the continuous discussion about reports on hepatitis a transmission by factor viii preparations, we have investigated the effect of a terminal dry heat treatment (30 min 100 degrees c) on hav and various other viruses. by this treatment hepatitis a virus was inactivated below detectable level after a few minutes (> 5.3 log10). other rna viruses such ...	1996	8889059
progress toward the development of a genetically engineered attenuated hepatitis a virus vaccine.	mutations which positively affect growth of hepatitis a virus in cell culture may negatively affect growth in vivo. therefore, development of an attenuated vaccine for hepatitis a may require a careful balancing of mutations to produce a virus that will grow efficiently in cells suitable for vaccine production and still maintain a satisfactory level of attenuation in vivo. since such a balance could be achieved most directly by genetic engineering, we are analyzing mutations that accumulated dur ...	1996	8892918
safety and immunogenicity of a combined hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine in young healthy adults.	a combination of hepatitis a and hepatitis b monovalent vaccines could offer advantages for disease control programs in terms of convenience, compliance and cost.	1996	8898425
immune response to hepatitis a virus capsid proteins after infection.	this study was undertaken to determine the immune response of humans to viral capsid polypeptides of hepatitis a virus (hav) after natural infection, which is very important for vaccine development. antiviral capsids in 73 serum samples from patients with acute and chronic hav infections were analyzed by immunoblotting against individual hav capsid polypeptides (vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4) by using a cell culture-based hav antigen. for reference, total anti-hav immunoglobulin g (igg) and anti-hav ig ...	1996	8904442
prevalence of immunity to hepatitis a in recruits to the british army and royal air force.	between 1989 and 1992, 92% of a sample of 2790 service recruits aged between 17 and 35 years (mean age 19 years 7 months) were found not to be immune to infection by hepatitis a virus. the proportion of males with immunity was consistently greater than that for females. there was a significantly increased probability of immunity if individuals originated from northern england, the midlands and scotland, in particular the suburbs. among male recruits there were significantly increased probabiliti ...	1994	8907833
favorable effect of new artificial liver support on survival of patients with fulminant hepatic failure.	the two most serious symptoms of fulminant hepatic failure are bleeding and hepatic coma. to overcome these problems, we developed an artificial liver support system comprising a combination of plasma exchange and hemodiafiltration using a high performance membrane. we treated 67 patients with fulminant hepatic failure. of these, 65 patients (97.0%) regained normal consciousness, and 55 patients (80.9%) were kept alert as long as we continued to apply this system. all 7 patients (100%) with fulm ...	1996	8908326
high immunogenicity and good tolerability of a new hepatitis a vaccine candidate.	immunogenicity and tolerability of a new formalin-inactivated, alum-adjuvanted whole virus vaccine against hepatitis a (vaqta, msd, west point, usa) were evaluated by immunizing 52 healthy, anti-hav negative volunteers with a 1 ml dose. a booster dose was given 6 months later. in these young adult vaccinees [27 males and 25 females, 19-34 (mean 26) years of age] vaqta proved to be well tolerated and highly immunogenic. two weeks after administration of one vaccine dose, all but one of the recipi ...	1996	8911001
single-dose hepatitis a vaccination: comparison of different dose levels in adolescents.	the effect of two dose levels of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine was investigated for immunogenicity and reactogenicity in an open study in adolescents. the subjects were randomized into two groups and to receive a priming dose of 720 el. u or 1440 el. u of hepatitis a antigen, respectively. a booster of the same dose level was given at month 6. in group 1, receiving 720 el. u, the seroconversion rates at 15 days and 1 month were 92% and 99%. the corresponding rates for group 2, receiving 1440 e ...	1996	8911002
immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: a clinical trial with comparison of administration route.	a bicentre, controlled, randomized, open trial was carried out in order to compare the immunogenicity and the reactogenicity of pasteur merieux sérums et vaccins inactivated hepatitis a vaccine on adults, when used with different routes of administration [intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and needless injection using a jet injector device]. vaccines were given at two doses 6 months apart to 147 seronegative subjects. anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) titres were performed at each visit by mod ...	1996	8911009
the prevalence and direct costs of pre-immunization testing for hepatitis a in general practice.	two hundred and twenty patients in one general practice travelling to destinations where immunization against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended were tested for their hav immune status before immunization. age-specific prevalence of prior immunity to hav was estimated. the relative costs of pre-immunization testing and immediate immunization were compared. the most cost-effective testing method for this practice was found to be total population testing prior to immunization with hav vaccine. ...	1996	8917876
immunity to hepatitis a in paediatric and nursery nurses.	a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of immunity to the hepatitis a virus (hav) was undertaken in paediatric and nursery nurses to ascertain whether these occupational groups were at an increased risk of infection with the virus. seropositivity to hav was measured in 33 surgical (control), 36 paediatric, 55 nursery and 29 specialist paediatric nurses in a district general hospital, community clinics and a children's hospital in the west midlands. igg antibodies to hav were found in 27% of su ...	1996	8918151
haemolysis in hepatitis a virus infections coinciding with the occurrence of autoantibodies against triosephosphate isomerase and the reactivation of latent persistent epstein-barr virus infection.	haemolysis has been observed frequently as a complication of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. however, the pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated completely. in individual cases the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibodies of unknown specificity was described. the raised serum igm fraction was shown to consist partially of autoantibodies. previously, we detected autoantibodies of immunoglobulin class m directed against triosephosphate isomerase (igm anti-tpi) in patients with infec ...	1996	8923293
protecting fibrinogen with rutin during uvc irradiation for viral inactivation.	fibrinogen solutions were irradiated with uvc (254 nm) to inactivate contaminating viruses. in order to protect fibrinogen during uvc irradiation, 0.5 mm rutin was added prior to uvc exposure and subsequently removed during processing. viral kill by 0.1 j/cm2 uvc resulted in the following inactivation values (log 10): non-lipid-enveloped viruses: parvo > or = 5.5; encephalomyocarditis virus > or = 6.5; hepatitis a virus > or = 6.5: lipid-enveloped viruses: human immunodeficiency virus > or = 5.7 ...	1996	8934767
long pcr and its application to hepatitis viruses: amplification of hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c virus genomes.	in this study we amplified virtually the entire genomes of hepatitis a virus (a member of the picornaviridae family), hepatitis b virus (a member of the hepadnaviridae family), and hepatitis c virus (a member of the flaviviridae family) by using the recently described technique of long pcr. in order to do this, we first demonstrated, using the lambda phage, that long pcr can be made highly sensitive and the sensitivity can be further enhanced by nested long pcr. we also showed, using tobacco mos ...	1996	8940452
[hepatitis a: clinical course and serology].		1995	8948769
[seroprevalence of viral hepatitis a in france in homosexuals and intravenous drug users].	in industrialized countries with a high level of sanitation, immunity against hepatitis a (hva) is not acquired during childhood, and infection typically occurs in adults, mainly in travelers returning from developing countries where infection is endemic. however, the introduction of hepatitis a virus (hav) among certain population groups, such as intravenous drug users (ivdu) or homosexual men, leads to a significant increase in the disease. we conducted a retrospective analysis of seroprevalen ...	1996	8949605
chronic hepatitis a with persistent viral replication.	hepatitis a virus (hav) usually causes an acute self-limited illness. this report describes a patient with hepatitis a whose serum aminotransferase activities remained above normal and whose serum was persistently positive for immunoglobulin (ig) m class anti-hepatitis a 31 months after the onset of hepatitis. liver biopsy carried out 11 months after the onset of hepatitis showed histological changes consistent with chronic hepatitis of moderate severity. hav rna was detected by polymerase chain ...	1996	8950689
prevention of hepatitis a infections: guidelines for use of hepatitis a vaccine and immune globulin. american academy of pediatrics committee on infectious diseases.	the licensing of two inactivated hepatitis a vaccines for persons 2 years or older necessitates development of recommendations for pediatric use, as well as a review of the current indications for immune globulin (ig) in hepatitis a prophylaxis. both vaccines are immunogenic and protective in children and adults. a single dose of vaccine induced antibody in 88% to 96% of subjects by 2 weeks and 97% to 100% by 1 month, and protected against subsequent hepatitis a virus (hav) disease occurring 21 ...	1996	8951284
synthesis, lipophilic derivatization and interaction with liposomes of hav-vp3 (102-121) sequence by using spectroscopic techniques.	hepatitis a virus (hav) is composed mainly of three structural capsid proteins: vp1, vp2 and vp3. our group has reported the synthesis and the immunogenic evaluation of vp3 (110-121) peptide sequence. in the present work, in order to stimulate a t-cell immune response, we have selected the hav-vp3 (102-121) peptide which has maximum amphipathicity. its synthesis was carried out manually in the solid phase and semipreparative hplc was used for purification of the crude peptide. finally the purifi ...	1996	8952449
hepatitis a vaccination by intracutaneous low dose administration: a less expensive alternative.	we investigated the immune response to three different intracutaneous (i.c.) doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: 72, 144, and 216 elisa units (eu). the response was measured using a quotient score derived from a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (havab abbott) and translated to iu per liter using a world health organization standard serum for hepatitis a virus antibody. the results were compared with the results obtained after an intramuscular (i.m.) full dose, i.e. 1,440 eu, at ...	1996	8953668
[prevalence of hepatitis b and hepatitis a virus infection among health sciences students in catalonia, spain].	to know current hepatitis b (hbv) and hepatitis a (hav) infection status among a group of health sciences students during 1990-1993 period.	1996	8965490
[reactivity and immunogenicity of havrix 360 vaccine for hepatitis a].	the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new vaccine against viral hepatitis a, under the name havrix, manufactured by smithkline beecham biologicals, belgium, was studied. a single dose of 1 ml contains not less than 360 elisa units of inactivated hav, strain hm175, cultivated on human diploid cells. the vaccine has been applied intramuscularly to 80 second-grade primary school children under the 0, 1 and 6-month schedule. postvaccinal reactions were followed for three days after each applica ...	1996	8965633
[vaccination against hepatitis a].	the epidemiology of hepatitis a, a disease endemic in various countries, is in a state of continuous change. adults are more exposed to infection and considering the frequent absence of immunity, in contrast to children in whom the disease is almost always asymptomatic, the disease is often serious and prolonged with a mortality of up to 2.5%. the mode of transmission of hav is predominantly the fecal-oral route; the virus is isolated during the prodromic period of the disease from the feces, bl ...	1996	8966125
[prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a, b, c and e viruses in the rural child population in northern extremadura].	the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against the a, b, c and e hepatitis viruses was studied in the rural child population of plasencia (northern area of extremadura).	1996	8967639
occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. part ii.	health care workers are at occupational risk for a vast array of infections that cause substantial illness and occasional deaths. despite this, few studies have examined the incidence, prevalence, or exposure-associated rates of infection or have considered infection-specific interventions recommended to maintain worker safety.	1996	8967673
auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis. the paul brousse experience.	the authors objective is to report their experience with auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation in fulminant hepatitis (fh) and to discuss the principles that may help in its safe application.	1996	8968226
new, ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting vaccine- and disease-induced hepatitis a virus-specific immunoglobulin g in saliva.	although detection of disease-induced hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific antibodies in saliva has been successfully utilized in a few epidemiological studies, available assays fail to detect lower salivary anti-hav levels associated with vaccine-induced immunity. we present a new capture enzyme immunoassay which employs a three-layer antibody recognition system. evaluation of paired saliva-serum specimens from 1,025 international travellers, 134 other volunteers, and 91 hepatitis a vaccine recipie ...	1997	8968887
[perspectives of developing a vaccine against hepatitis c virus].	the aim of this paper is to present current data on active prophylaxis against hepatitis c virus (hcv). vaccines against hav and hbv (also hdv, because this virus can only exist when hbv infection is present) have been made and are already widely used. unfortunately, no vaccine against hcv has been developed yet. hcv structure, replication, experiments with recombinant vaccines on chimpanzees as well as some subjects concerning gene vaccines and implications for prophylaxis of hcv infection are ...	1996	8975215
immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined hepatitis a and b vaccine in young adults.	the aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in young healthy adults. a total of 150 subjects (20 +/- 1.4 years; 111 females and 39 males) negative for anti-hav, anti-hbs, anti-hbc and hbsag markers, were enrolled and randomized to received the study vaccine from one of the three lots under double blind conditions. three doses of the combined vaccine were administered by intramuscular r ...	1996	8994314
two year old hepatitis a vaccine is as good as new.	this was a randomized, controlled, double-blind study assessing the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of newly produced vs 2 year old hepatitis a vaccine. overall 215 non-immune volunteers, 18-39 years old were divided into four groups and administered vaccine at months 0, 1 and 6. three groups each received a different vaccine lot which had been stored at 4 degrees c for 2 years, and one group received recently produced vaccine as control. the mean local and general adverse reaction rates were ...	1996	8994319
hepatitis a vaccination by havrix in the czech u.n. troops according to data of seroprevalence in 1991-1995.	viral hepatitis a is a common disease, particularly in developing countries. all staff and troops of the u.n. (united nations) are vaccinated by the havrix vaccine. till 1995 we did not vaccinate czech troops which have operated in the area of former yugoslavia. the main goal of this study was to obtain data about the seroprevalence of hepatitis a antibody among the czech u.n. troops before their departure to the conflict area and to optimize the vaccination approach. the serum samples were exam ...	1996	8996717
[the use of vero (b) cell line for medico-biological preparations].	a variant of vero cell line has been obtained, adapted to the russian eagle's medium with 8% fetal calf serum. the variant is characterized by intensive cell proliferation, possesses a different content of chromosomes, contains no oncogens and contaminants, specifically, mycoplasma. the strain was characterized and certified in accordance with the who requirements. inoculation (110 ampules) and working (100 ampules) stocks at the levels of the 170th and 178th passages were placed for storage in ...	1996	8999676
prevention of hepatitis a through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip)	this report provides recommendations for use of the newly licensed hepatitis a vaccines (havrix, manufactured by smithkline beecham biologicals, and vaqta, manufactured by merck & company, inc.) in persons > or = 2 years of age and updates previous recommendations for use of immune globulin (ig) for protection against hepatitis a (superseding mmwr 1990;39[no. rr-2]:1-5). for preexposure protection, hepatitis a vaccine can now be used instead of ig in many circumstances; for postexposure prophyla ...	1996	9005304
growth of hepatitis a virus in murine cells.	in order to investigate the growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) in murine cells, l929 cells of the established mouse cell line were transfected with the virion rna or infected with the virions and examined for the formation of negative-strand rna and the rise of the viral infectivity titer. in both the transfected and infected cells, the formation of negative-strand hav rna was assayed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). in the transfected cells, infectious hav of an a ...	1996	9014010
possible aetiological role of hepatitis e virus in acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in saudi arabia.	during a period of 10 months, 69 saudi arabian patients (14 children and 55 adults) were diagnosed as having acute non-a, non-b, non-c (na, b, c) hepatitis at king khalid university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. seven of the paediatric patients had anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunoglobulin (ig) m and anti-hev igg; 26 adults (47.3%) had anti-hev igm and 30 (54.5%) had anti-hev igg. these results, together with the fact that none of the 40 patients with acute hepatitis a virus infection, none ...	1996	9015502
acute viral hepatitis in hanoi, viet nam.	a study of acute hepatitis was conducted in hanoi, viet nam, from january 1993 to february 1995; 188 sera from clinical hepatitis cases were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin (ig) m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav), igm anti-hepatitis b core antigen (hbc), igg anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv), igg anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and igm anti-hev. additionally, 187 sera from control subjects, matched by age, sex and month of admission, with no recent history of hepatitis, were ...	1996	9015503
new molecular methods for the detection of hepatitis a and norwalk viruses in shellfish.	outbreaks of viral enteric diseases after consumption of shellfish are a major health risk. methodological problems (such as toxicity for cell cultures and low viral concentrations) and the unculturability of some strains (i.e. hepatitis a virus, norwalk virus) have made it difficult to study those viruses in the environmental samples. currently, the analysis of the hygienic quality of marketable shellfish is determined by the use of fecal indicator bacteria, but their reliability in determining ...	1996	9018688
comparison of picornaviral ires-driven internal initiation of translation in cultured cells of different origins.	we recently compared the efficiency of six picornaviral internal ribosome entry segments (ireses) and the hepatitis c virus (hcv) ires for their ability to drive internal initiation of translationin vitro. here we present the results of a similar comparison performed in six different cultured cell lines infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the t7 polymerase and transfected with dicistronic plasmids. the ireses could be divided into three groups: (i) the cardiovirus and aphthovir ...	1997	9023100
[hepatitis a virus immune status of antilles military personnel: incidence after prophylaxis].	the purpose of this study was to ascertain the value of systematic vaccination of recruits from french overseas departments and territories (dom-tom) against hepatitis a. between july 1994 and may 1995 tests to defect anti-hva antibodies were performed on all new recruits from the french west indies (guadeloupe and martinique). of the 1685 subjects tested 346 presented type igg anti-hva antibodies, i.e. 20.5% overall. seroprevalence increased from 4% in 18 year-olds to 35% in 25 year-olds and wa ...	1996	9026592
[seroprevalence of hepatitis a in hemophiliacs].	to study the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in haemophiliacs treated with factor viii/ix concentrates.	1996	9026922
analysis of serum hepatitis a virus antibody response in different courses of hepatitis a virus infection.	changes in the serum hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) response in patients with different clinical courses of hav infection were examined using immune adherence hemagglutination (iaha). anti-hav was detected 2-6 weeks after the onset of clinical symptoms in patients with the typical course of acute hepatitis a and 1-4 weeks after the onset in those with fulminant hepatitis a. maximal anti-hav titers were observed 8-20 weeks after the onset of clinical symptoms, and changes in anti-hav were ...	1996	9027644
consecutive evaluation of immunoglobulin m and g antibodies against hepatitis e virus.	hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is sporadic in the guangzhou city southern china. however, the evaluation of antibodies to hev during consecutive time periods after infection has not been reported. we utilized enzyme immunosorbent assay (elisa) to defect igm and igg anti-hev in consecutive serum specimens from patients with acute hepatitis e and compared that data with detection rates of igm and igg anti-hav in patients with acute hepatitis a. igm anti-hev can be detected as early as 4 days af ...	1996	9027645
current prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c in a well-defined area in rural crete, greece.	a seroepidemiological study was carried out in a geographically well-defined area in rural crete in order to determine the prevalence of a, b and c hepatitis markers in the local population. serum samples were obtained from 257 subjects (94 males, 163 females), aged 15 years and over, who visited the primary health care services of the spili health centre between july 1993 and march 1994, and from 164 subjects (83 males, 81 females) randomly selected from households in three neighbouring village ...	1997	9031066
the refined crystal structure of the 3c gene product from hepatitis a virus: specific proteinase activity and rna recognition.	the virally encoded 3c proteinases of picornaviruses process the polyprotein produced by the translation of polycistronic viral mrna. the x-ray crystallographic structure of a catalytically active mutant of the hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase (c24s) has been determined. crystals of this mutant of hav 3c are triclinic with unit cell dimensions a = 53.6 a, b = 53.5 a, c = 53.2 a, alpha = 99.1 degrees, beta = 129.0 degrees, and gamma = 103.3 degrees. there are two molecules of hav 3c in the u ...	1997	9032381
risk of infection with helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus in different groups of hospital workers.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether different staff groups in an acute care hospital are at increased risk of acquiring helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus infection.	1997	9040202
status and future of vaccines for adults.	the current status and future prospects of vaccines for adults are discussed. for every child in america who dies of a vaccine-preventable disease, about 400 adults die of such a disease. evidence of the merit of influenza vaccination continues to accumulate, yet < 30% of high-risk people younger than 65 have been vaccinated. use of pneumococcal vaccine lags behind that of influenza vaccine. serious discrepancies in immunization levels exist among different segments of u.s. adult society. a vacc ...	1997	9043559
inactivation of hepatitis a virus in plasma products by vapor heating.	the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been associated with the use of a number of solvent/detergent-treated factor viii concentrates and possibly a factor ix concentrate. these reports have emphasized the necessity of using virus-inactivation methods for plasma products that are capable of inactivating nonenveloped viruses such as hav.	1997	9051099
hepatitis a.		1997	9054826
in vitro rna binding of the hepatitis a virus proteinase 3c (hav 3cpro) to secondary structure elements within the 5' terminus of the hav genome.	the secondary structure elements at the 5' nontranslated region (ntr) of the picornaviral rnas can be divided functionally into two domains, one of which directs cap-independent translation, whereas the other is essential for viral rna replication. for the latter, the formation of an rna replication complex that involves particularly viral proteinase-containing polypeptides and cellular proteins has been shown (andino r, rieckhof ge, achacoso pl, baltimore d, 1993, embo j 12:3587-3598; xiang w e ...	1997	9056766
immunogenicity of two versus three injections of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in adults.	to investigate the immunogenicity of two versus three injections of inactivated strain cr326f-derived hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adults.	1997	9059944
identification of active-site residues in protease 3c of hepatitis a virus by site-directed mutagenesis.	picornavirus 3c proteases (3cpro) are cysteine proteases related by amino acid sequence to trypsin-like serine proteases. comparisons of 3cpro of hepatitis a virus (hav) to those of other picornaviruses have resulted in prediction of active-site residues: histidine at position 44 (h44), aspartic acid (d98), and cysteine (c172). to test whether these residues are key members of a putative catalytic triad, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was targeted to 3cpro in the context of natural polypep ...	1997	9060667
proteinase 3c-mediated processing of vp1-2a of two hepatitis a virus strains: in vivo evidence for cleavage at amino acid position 273/274 of vp1.	two prominent features distinguish hepatitis a virus (hav) from other members of the picornavirus family. a c-terminally prolonged precursor of the structural protein vp1 is incorporated into assembly intermediates (e.g., the provirion), and a single proteinase is contained within the hav polyprotein. using an in vivo expression system, we show that proteolytic liberation of vp1 from its precursors p1-2a and vp1-2a is catalyzed by the virus-encoded proteinase 3cpro. among the proposed cleavage s ...	1997	9060697
prophylaxis of acute viral hepatitis by immune serum globulin, hepatitis b vaccine, and health education: a sixteen year study of japan overseas cooperation volunteers.	from 1978 to 1993 a study of acute viral hepatitis contracted by the japan overseas cooperation volunteers (jocv) during their assignments in tropical and subtropical countries was conducted. of 10,509 subjects in this study, 240 cases of acute viral hepatitis were confirmed (hepatitis a = 139, hepatitis b = 72, and non-a, non-b hepatitis = 29). the annual morbidity was 5.1% in 1978 and 4.9% in 1979, with hepatitis a accounting for 80% of the cases. however, it decreased significantly after the ...	1997	9063366
polymerase chain reaction analysis for viral nucleic acids in acute sporadic hepatitis patients negative for serum hepatitis b surface antigen and antibodies to hepatitis c virus.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is both very sensitive and very valuable in the clarification of the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis from type a to e (hav to hev).	1996	9068203
virucidal treatment of blood protein products with uvc radiation.	the virus safety of blood derivatives continues to be of concern, especially with respect to nonenveloped and/or heat-stable viruses. previously, we demonstrated that treatment of whole plasma, ahf concentrate or fibrinogen with short wavelength ultraviolet light (uvc) results in the inactivation of > or = 10(6) infectious doses (id) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and porcine parvovirus (ppv), each of which is nonenveloped. protein recovery was enhanced greatly by ...	1997	9077126
a community-wide hepatitis a outbreak in the shoalhaven region, new south wales.	we investigated a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a virus infection in the shoalhaven region of the new south wales south coast. epidemiological features of the outbreak suggested that transmission was predominantly person-to-person. these included: the prolonged course of the epidemic, the bimodal age-specific attack rate, the lower socioeconomic risk groups affected, and the large proportion of cases who reported prior contact with another case. although widespread use of post-exposure im ...	1997	9079583
magnetic immunoseparation pcr assay (mipa) for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in american oyster (crassostrea virginica).	in order to detect the low numbers of hepatitis a viral (hav) particles which may potentially be present in food and cause a serious illness, an original procedure which combines immunomagnetic separation and pcr is described. the use of streptavidin magnetic beads coated with biotinylated human anti-hav igg allows virus capture and the removal of the rt-pcr inhibitory compounds which usually are present in shellfish extracts. following immunomagnetic capture, the separated hav were lysed, the b ...	1997	9081302
evaluation of the timing of the booster injection after a primary vaccination against hepatitis a.	to evaluate the long-term efficacy and the timing of booster injection of a lyophilized, inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (hav), we studied the acquired anti-hepatitis a virus titres in 45 subjects who received either two or three doses of the vaccine. with three doses > or = 0.5 microgram administered at 0, 1 and 6 months, antibody titres increased to approximately half those seen in people with a history of natural hepatitis a infection. although the titres decreased gradually, all subjects rem ...	1997	9083920
[prevalence of serologic markers of hepatitis a, b, c, and d viruses in pregnant women].	to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, c and d virus infection among pregnant women attending a perinatal care hospital.	1996	9092084
prevalence of infection with hepatitis a virus among primary-school children in bangkok, thailand.		1997	9093438
molecular epidemiology of south african strains of hepatitis a virus: 1982-1996.	isolates of hepatitis a virus (hav) are of a single serotype, with human isolates being categorised within four genotypes. in addition, there are three genotypes exclusively associated with old world monkeys. in some geographical regions, related isolates cluster suggesting endemic spread of the virus, while in other regions several genotypes circulate. virtually no data are available with regard to the genetic relatedness of south african (sa) strains of hav. a 177 base segment within the vp1 r ...	1997	9093940
[prevalence of hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection among female prison inmates in japan].	to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in female inmates, 504 out of 513 female inmates in a certain female prison in japan were tested for anti-hepatitis c virus, anti-hepatitis b virus, anti-hepatitis a virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus makers. they were also interviewed with regard to past history of blood transfusion, tattooing, acupuncture, intravenous drug abuse, and psychiatric disease. prevalence of seropositives for anti-h ...	1997	9094854
reduced glutathione concentration in erythrocytes of patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis.	reduced glutathione (gsh), the main intracellular mechanism that protects against oxidative stress, is the subject of considerable interest in viral hepatitis. in patients with chronic hepatitis c, results reported from different centres are controversial, demonstrating either a reduction or an elevation of gsh concentration. the aim of this study was to evaluate the glutathione concentration in erythrocytes (normal range 2.45 +/- 0.15 mmol l-1) in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis ...	1997	9097271
[an outbreak of hepatitis a among intravenous drug addicts in oslo 1995-96].	intravenous drug abuse is a well-known risk factor for acquiring hepatitis a infection. among drug abusers most cases are sporadic, but epidemic outbreaks may occur occasionally. in this article we describe an epidemic outbreak including 144 serologically proved cases of hepatitis a among intravenous heroin and amphetamine abusers in oslo. the outbreak lasted for 11 months. 59 (41%) of the patients were admitted to hospital. one of them died and seven developed severe but reversible acute hepati ...	1997	9103002
hepatitis virus and kidney.	hepatitis a, b and c viruses are major causes of viral hepatitis in human. these infectious agents not only damage liver parenchyma but can also affect renal parenchyma. hepatitis a virus could produce acute renal failure in a similar fashion to hepatorenal syndrome. several lines of evidence have shown that chronic hepatitis b virus-infected patients could develop immune complex glomerulopathy. there are convincing data which incriminate hepatitis c virus as the proximate aetiology of certain f ...	1996	9104068
viral hepatitis in the bhutanese population: preliminary results of a seroepidemiological investigation.	a seroepidemiological study of the prevalence of markers related to the most common forms of viral hepatitis was carried out in bhutan on 1,666 healthy people of both sexes, from the general population. a group of 440 pregnant women were screened separately. our results suggest that in bhutan, hepatitis a and hepatitis b are widespread, while there is a low prevalence of hepatitis c and e. anti-hav (anti-hepatitis a virus) was found in all 171 tested subjects over 12 years of age, and anti-hbc ( ...	1997	9108610
the attachment receptor for hepatitis a virus.		1997	9108928
cross sectional retrospective study of prevalence of atopy among italian military students with antibodies against hepatitis a virus.	to investigate the working hypothesis that common infections occurring early in life prevent atopy.	1997	9112843
marrow transplantation for hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia: a follow-up of long-term survivors.	between 1971 and 1989 we have treated 19 patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia by marrow transplantation from their hla-identical siblings following conditioning with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (cy) administered over a period of 4 days. one patient failed to engraft by day 34 and was given a second transplantation. he died from infection 15 days after the second transplantation. eighteen patients had sustained engraftment. six patients developed acute graft-vs.-host disease (gvhd) a ...	1996	9118304
active site properties of the 3c proteinase from hepatitis a virus (a hybrid cysteine/serine protease) probed by raman spectroscopy.	although the hav 3c proteinase is a cysteine protease, it displays an active site configuration which resembles mammalian serine proteases and is structurally distinct from the papain superfamily of thiol proteases. given the interesting serine/cysteine protease hybrid nature of hav 3c, we have probed its active site properties via the raman spectra of the acyl enzyme, 5-methylthiophene acryloyl hav 3c, using the c24s variant of the enzyme to obtain stoichiometric acylation. the raman difference ...	1997	9125516
childhood infection with hepatitis a and b viruses in england and wales.	infection with hepatitis b and a viruses during childhood was studied using serum specimens collected from children aged 13 and 14 years by 12 public health laboratories in england and wales from 1986 to 1995. six of the 2025 specimens tested for markers of hepatitis b infection showed evidence of earlier resolved infection, one specimen showed evidence of recent infection, and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in three specimens. the hbsag carriage rate of 0.15% (3/2025) was cons ...	1997	9127512
identification of genetic variants of hepatitis a virus.	although detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been greatly aided by the development of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology, identification of genetic variants requires sequencing pcr products, which necessarily limits the length of the hav genome (typically 2%) that can be analyzed. from a regulatory standpoint, identification of the specific strain detected by pcr is a prerequisite not only to overrule contamination of test samples in the diagnostic laboratory, but also to possibly l ...	1997	9128866
[protection of adolescents against hepatitis a].	in croatia, hepatitis a is still a considerable public health problem which, however, can be efficiently solved by vaccination. the study of vaccine immunogenicity and reactivity was performed in a random sample of 88 high school seniors, mean age 209 +/- 6.4 month (17 years and 5 months), from ivanić-grad and surrounding countyside. all the children were immunized by hav sorbate ssw inactivated vaccine, manufactured by sächsisches serumwerk gmbh, dresden. one 1-ml dose of the vaccine contains a ...	1996	9132523
outbreak of hepatitis a in a college traced to contaminated water reservoir in cafeteria.	a sharp but short outbreak of hepatitis a occurred in a college during september and october 1992. the epidemic pattern suggested a common source. the attack rate of clinically recognizable hepatitis a was 8% all cases were hav igm positive. among 31 students with minor symptoms but without jaundice 8 (26%) were also hav igm positive, as were 8 (10%) of 77 totally asymptomatic students tested. a case control study of eating and drinking habits of the students showed no other significant differen ...	1995	9139380
detection of antibodies to hepatitis e virus in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.	viral hepatitis e (hiv) frequently causes epidemic outbreaks in many developing countries. it is also present in developed countries as imported cases. the role of hepatitis a virus as trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis has been demonstrated, and it has been suggested that this may also apply to hev.	1997	9140163
long-term persistence of anti-hav antibodies following active immunization with hepatitis a vaccine.	seventy-one anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) negative volunteers were immunized against hepatitis a. an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix, smithkline beecham), derived from tissue cell cultures, at single doses of 720 elisa units was used following a schedule of vaccinations at month 0.1 and 6. the vaccines were tested for the presence of hav antibodies 1 month after each vaccination and then after 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. the annual decrease of anti-hav titres was 25%. five years after vaccinatio ...	1997	9141202
clinical immunogenicity and tolerance studies of liquid vaccines delivered by jet-injector and a new single-use cartridge (imule): comparison with standard syringe injection. imule investigators group.	a new needleless jet-injector, mini-imojet, was developed that administers liquid vaccines from a single-use, pre-filled cartridge named imule, which avoids the risk of cross-contamination. we conducted clinical trials in several settings in france and west africa to compare the immunogenicity and tolerance of five vaccines (influenza vaccine, vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine, tetanus toxoid vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine, and inactivated hepatitis a vaccine) ...	1997	9141217
mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome with hepatitis a virus infection.		1996	9141810
the effect of immunization with inactivated hepatitis a vaccine on the clinical course of hiv-1 infection: 1-year follow-up.	to determine the long-term safety of inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine in men infected with hiv-1.	1997	9143606
does immunoglobulin interfere with the immunogenicity to pasteur mérieux inactivated hepatitis a vaccine?	the aim of this study was to compare the immunogenicity of pasteur mérieux (p.m. s.v.) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine when given alone with its immunogenicity when given in combination with immunoglobulin.	1997	9148018
[inactivated vaccine against hepatitis a: review of the literature and considerations on its use].	a new, safe, highly immunogenic and probably long term effective inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine has been licensed for clinical use. clinical trials in developed countries have demonstrated its efficacy in preventing hepatitis a in high risk groups, such as travelers to regions where hav infection is endemic and day care children and staff, its efficacy in postexposure conditions and in community outbreaks. the authors review the basic and changing features of the disease and its epidemiol ...	1997	9148338
transmission of parvovirus b19 by coagulation factor concentrates exposed to 100 degrees c heat after lyophilization.	double inactivation by solvent/detergent treatment plus heating at 100 degrees c for 30 minutes after lyophilization has been adopted to improve viral safety of factor viii and factor ix concentrates, particularly with respect to non-lipid-enveloped viruses. the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of concentrates exposed to these virucidal methods.	1997	9149778
cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis associated with hepatitis a virus infection.	hepatitis a virus has been recognized as an etiologic factor of cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis in only 2 adult cases. we describe a 2-year-old bedouin girl who developed cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis during the acute phase of hepatitis a infection. the cutaneous punch biopsy from an ecchymotic lesion revealed microscopic findings of a necrotizing vasculitis process involving the superficial and deep blood vessel plexuses. fibrin thrombi were present in the lumen of a few blood vessels. she ...	1997	9150090
aap develops guidelines for hepatitis a vaccine and immune globulin in children. american academy of pediatrics.		1997	9166149
detection of hepatitis a virus rna in oyster meat.	detection of low concentrations of viruses in shellfish is possible with nucleic acid amplification by pcr. hepatitis a virus (hav) has been detected in oyster meat by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). we developed a method to identify hav rna by rt-pcr of total rna extracted from oyster meat contaminated by adsorption, bioaccumulation, or injection. with dot blot hybridization detection of amplicons from the rt-pcr, rapid screening of a large number of samples is feasible. as few as 8 pfu of ...	1997	9172369
inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: long-term antibody persistence.	during the clinical development of safe, well tolerated and immunogenic vaccines against hepatitis a the persistence of protective antibodies was estimated, based on relatively short observation periods of 18 months to 3 years. we report here on longterm persistence of antibodies in volunteers who participated in one of the early clinical trials on inactivated hepatitis a candidate vaccines. in a randomized trial three groups of altogether 110 healthy adults, initially hepatitis a virus (hav) se ...	1997	9178459
safety and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease.	the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine was evaluated in patients with chronic liver disease. sixty hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) seronegative patients with chronic liver disease (56 chronic hepatitis b and four chronic hepatitis c) and from 17 to 47 years of age received a dose of 1440 elisa units of the inactivated hepatitis a vaccine at month 0, and a booster at month 6. anti-hav seroconversion (> or = 33 miu/ml) was 57.6% (34/59) on day 15, and reached 93.2% ...	1997	9179771
viral hepatitis in older adults.	the objective of this paper is to review the epidemiology, manifestations, therapy, and prevention of viral hepatitis in older people and to discuss issues of prevention and management. in developed countries a significant portion of the adult population is not immune to hepatitis a virus (hav). morbidity and mortality from hav infection increases with age. a safe and effective hepatitis a vaccine is available and health authorities should consider immunization early in life and for healthy adul ...	1997	9180674
[preparation and characteristics of cultured strains of hepatitis a virus from humans and monkeys].	cultural strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been isolated from spontaneously infected macaca mulatta (hav-mm), papio hamadryas (hav-ph), african green monkeys cercopithecus aethiops (hav-ca), and patients (hav-h). the strains replicate in continuous cells lines agmk, 4647, vero, and frhk-4. agmk and 4647 cells are the most permissive at 32 degrees c. virus propagation was not associated with the cytopathic effect and could be detected by enzyme immunoassay (eia), immune electron microscopy ...	1997	9182400