Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [critical review of anti-influenza drugs]. | neuraminidase inhibitors such as zanamivir and oseltamivir belong to a new class of antiviral drugs for the treatment and prevention of influenza. as yet however, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs (shortening of recovery time by approximately one day) has only been demonstrated in healthy adults affected by influenza a, but not in risk groups and in influenza b disease, whereas studies of prophylactic efficacy are still going on. neither do these drugs impact on viral spread, a public heal ... | 2000 | 10668542 |
| comparison of the safety, vaccine virus shedding, and immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine, trivalent, types a and b, live cold-adapted, administered to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and non-hiv-infected adults. | fifty-seven human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected (cdc class a1-2) and 54 non-hiv-infected adults, not prescreened for influenza susceptibility, were randomized to receive trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) or placebo intranasally. laiv was safe and well tolerated with no serious adverse events attributable to vaccine. reactogenicity rates were similar in laiv and placebo recipients except that runny nose/nasal congestion was significantly more common in laiv recipients reg ... | 2000 | 10669363 |
| granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as immunomodulating factor together with influenza vaccination in stem cell transplant patients. | the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) on the serological response at influenza vaccination was studied in 117 patients who had undergone stem cell transplantation (sct). the vaccine response was evaluated as significant increases in levels of influenza hemagglutination-inhibition (hai) antibodies and of igg antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). there was no difference in antibody response to either influenza a or b in 64 patients who ... | 2000 | 10671339 |
| antiviral effects of rhifn-alpha 1 against seven influenza viruses. | to study the antiviral effects of rhifn-alpha 1 (chinese silkworm gene recombinant interferon alpha 1) on 7 influenza viruses in mdck cells and in mouse pneumonia caused by pr8 virus. | 1999 | 10678103 |
| evaluation of a neuraminidase detection assay for the rapid detection of influenza a and b virus in children. | a prototype version of a new diagnostic assay for influenza a and b (zstat flutrade mark) based on detection of viral neuraminidase was evaluated and compared to culture in 196 clinical samples. children with respiratory illnesses were prospectively evaluated at a pediatrician's office and at a large children's hospital using the neuraminidase assay and viral culture performed on respiratory secretions. influenza virus was isolated from 51 samples and 83 were positive by the neuraminidase assay. ... | 2000 | 10679035 |
| th cell-deficient mice control influenza virus infection more effectively than th- and b cell-deficient mice: evidence for a th-independent contribution by b cells to virus clearance. | the notion that mhc class i- restricted cd8+ t (tc) cells are capable of resolving autonomously infections with influenza virus is based largely on studies testing virus strains of low pathogenicity in cd4+ t (th) cell-deficient/depleted mice. to test whether this holds also for pathogenic strains and to exclude possible contributions by b cells, we analyzed pr8 infection in th cell-depleted b cell-deficient (mumt) mice. these mice, termed mumt (-cd4), showed 80% mortality after infection with a ... | 2000 | 10679103 |
| antiviral agents for treating influenza. | the new neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir are important additions to the treatment of influenza, being the first class of agents active against both influenza a and influenza b. the decision to use these agents rather than amantadine or rimantadine, which are effective only against influenza a, should be based on the age of the patient, antiviral activity, side effect profile, ease of administration, drug interactions, and cost. all of these agents are effective only when starte ... | 2000 | 10680275 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 1999-2000 season. | 2000 | 10685702 | |
| [evaluation of the rapid detection test for influenza a and b viruses using neuraminidase activity]. | the zstatflu test (zymetx, usa) is a rapid detection kit for influenza a and b viruses. this test is based upon the reaction between viral neuraminidase from influenza viruses and a chromogenic substrate. the clinical performance of the zstatflu test was determined by comparison with viral isolation in cell culture. a total of 176 respiratory specimens from 172 pediatric patients with influenza like illnesses during the 1998/99 season were tested. influenza viruses were recovered from 97 specime ... | 2000 | 10695289 |
| [the efficacy of influenza vaccine among geriatric inpatients]. | to investigate the efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly, hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titer for the three types of influenza viruses were measured and the influenza infection rate was determined serologically in geriatric inpatients. influenza vaccination was done for inpatients. for patients who had influenza vaccination in the year prior to the study, influenza vaccine was administered once or twice, and the number of injections were determined randomly. influenza vaccine ... | 2000 | 10695290 |
| [antibody induction and frequency of adverse reactions to influenza vaccines in the elderly]. | a total of 1,223 elderly people in nursing homes in niigata prefecture, japan, were immunized with one or two doses of commercial trivalent split vaccine formulation, against strains including a/hn, a/h3n2 and b for three seasons (1996-1999). the frequencies of adverse reactions and antibody induction were assessed. frequent side effects of vaccination were local reactions such as redness and tenderness at the site of injection, but there were no serious reactions, suggesting that the vaccine wa ... | 2000 | 10695292 |
| comparison of a new neuraminidase detection assay with an enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and culture for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses in nasal wash specimens. | the performance of a new, rapid, easy-to-perform assay based on neuraminidase enzyme activity for detection of influenza virus types a and b was compared to detection by culture, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme immunoassay in 479 nasal wash specimens from children with respiratory infections. compared to isolation of influenza virus by culture, the neuraminidase assay had a sensitivity of 70.1%, specificity of 92.4%, positive predictive value of 76.3%, and negative predictive value of 89 ... | 2000 | 10699013 |
| estimation of the efficacy of live, attenuated influenza vaccine from a two-year, multi-center vaccine trial: implications for influenza epidemic control. | the authors provide an analysis of data from a two-year (1996-1998), multicenter (ten us cities), double-blinded, placebo-controlled influenza vaccine trial in children. the vaccine was the trivalent cold-adapted influenza vaccine. estimates are made of the vaccine efficacy for susceptibility to culture-confirmed influenza (ve(s)) while taking inter-center variability in the risk of infection into account. our overall estimate of ve(s) against influenza is 0.92 (95% confidence interval (ci) 0.89 ... | 2000 | 10699339 |
| inactivation of human type a and b influenza viruses by tea-seed saponins. | the effects of a mixture of tea-seed saponins obtained from the seeds of camellia sinensis var. sinesis on human influenza viruses types a and b were investigated. at the concentrations of 60, 80, and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, the mixture inactivated viruses a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2), b/lee/40, and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) almost completely. the mixture also inactivated type a virus a/pr/8/34 after inoculation at concentrations of 1-30 micrograms/ml dose-dependently. | 2000 | 10705466 |
| influenza virus immunization effectivity in kidney transplant patients subjected to two different triple-drug therapy immunosuppression protocols: mycophenolate versus azathioprine. | due to possible complications and treatment limitations, the prevention of influenza in renal transplant (rt) patients is highly indicated. | 2000 | 10706057 |
| influenza virus inhibits lysozyme secretion by sputum neutrophils in subjects with chronic bronchial sepsis. | neutrophils are central to the control of infection within the bronchial mucosa. to determine whether the link between bacterial and viral infection in the respiratory tract can be partly explained by acute reduction of neutrophil function, we examined the influence of influenza virus on lysozyme secretion by sputum neutrophils obtained from patients with bronchiectasis. sputum neutrophils infected with influenza a virus had a significantly reduced capacity to secrete lysozyme but not myeloperox ... | 2000 | 10712313 |
| preservative-free influenza vaccine. | to investigate the immunogenicity of and tolerance towards the preservative-free inactivated influenza vaccine begrivac. | 2000 | 10714435 |
| correlates of immune protection induced by live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine. | the authors conducted a 2-year, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy field trial of live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent influenza vaccine administered by nasal spray to children 15-71 months old. overall, vaccine was 92% efficacious at preventing culture-confirmed infection by influenza a/h3n2 and influenza b. because influenza a/h1n1 did not cause disease during the years in which this study was conducted, the authors sought to determine vaccine efficacy and correlates o ... | 2000 | 10720541 |
| influenza a and b viruses expressing altered ns1 proteins: a vaccine approach. | we propose a rational approach to the generation of live viral vaccines: alteration of virally encoded type i ifn antagonists to attenuate virulence while retaining immunogenicity. we have explored this concept by using the influenza virus. previously we have shown that the ns1 protein of influenza a virus possesses anti-ifn activity. we now present evidence that influenza a and b viruses encoding altered viral ns1 proteins are highly attenuated in the mouse host, yet provide protection from cha ... | 2000 | 10725408 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the three polymerase genes (pb1, pb2 and pa) of influenza b virus. | phylogenetic patterns of the three polymerase (pb2, pb1 and pa) genes of a total of 20 influenza b viruses isolated during a 58 year period, 1940-1998, were analysed in detail in a parallel manner. all three polymerase genes consistently showed evolutionary divergence into two major distinct lineages and their amino acid profiles demonstrated conserved lineage-specific substitutions. dendrogram topologies of the pb2 and pb1 genes were very similar and contrasted with that of the pa gene. it was ... | 2000 | 10725418 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccination in adult liver transplant recipients. | to assess the efficacy of influenza vaccination in immunocompromised adult liver transplant (ltx) recipients, the serum antibody responses of 61 of these patients and 35 liver cirrhosis patients with those of 45 of their healthy spouses were compared, after one and two vaccinations with a commercial trivalent subunit influenza vaccine. in addition, virus-specific proliferative t-cell responses were measured in ltx recipients and their healthy spouses. in all three study groups, significant rises ... | 2000 | 10745238 |
| application of a fluorogenic pcr assay for typing and subtyping of influenza viruses in respiratory samples. | a fluorogenic pcr-based method (taqman-pcr) was developed for typing and subtyping of influenza virus genomes in clinical specimens. the taqman-pcr employs a probe technology that exploits the endogenous 5'-3' nuclease activity of the taq dna polymerase to allow direct detection of the amplicon by release of a fluorescent reporter during the pcr. therefore, post-pcr analysis is avoided since hybridization with the fluorogenic probe and quantification of the amplified product is performed simulta ... | 2000 | 10747142 |
| effect of vitamin a therapy on serologic responses and viral load changes after influenza vaccination in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | vitamin a administered to children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus before influenza vaccination in a double-blind randomized study did not enhance vaccine serologic responses but did dampen the increase in the human immunodeficiency virus viral load 14 days after immunization (vitamin a, decrease of 0.13 +/- 0.09 log(10) copies/ml; placebo, increase of 0.14 +/- 0.08, p =.02). | 2000 | 10753259 |
| [neuraminidase inhibitor for treatment of influenza a and b]. | 2000 | 10756440 | |
| [critical review of anti-influenza drugs]. | 2000 | 10761554 | |
| clinical efficacy and safety of the orally inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled european study. | to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of orally inhaled zanamivir in the treatment of influenza in a european primary care setting. | 2000 | 10762110 |
| respiratory virus surveillance fluwatch project. | 2000 | 10763557 | |
| transmembrane domains of viral ion channel proteins: a molecular dynamics simulation study. | nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations in a fully solvated phospholipid bilayer have been performed on single transmembrane alpha-helices from three putative ion channel proteins encoded by viruses: nb (from influenza b), cm2 (from influenza c), and vpu (from hiv-1). alpha-helix stability is maintained within a core region of ca. 28 residues for each protein. helix perturbations are due either to unfavorable interactions of hydrophobic residues with the lipid headgroups or to the need of the ... | 2000 | 10766949 |
| [rapid diagnosis of principal respiratory viruses in the city of havana, 1995-97]. | acute respiratory diseases (ard) are the most common infections in humans and difficult to prevent. viruses have been recognized as predominant ethiological agents. in cuba, ard constitute a major problem of health and are the first cause of morbidity and important cause of mortality. in this paper, rapid diagnosis was performed to 516 clinical samples which arrived to the reference respiratory viruses laboratory of the pedro kourí institute of tropical medicine (ipk) from different parts of hav ... | 2000 | 10785939 |
| ecp level in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum from children with respiratory virus infections and asthmatic children. | infection with respiratory virus has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of a respiratory virus in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma and/or wheezing in young children has not been clearly defined. it has also been debated whether virus-induced wheezing in young children is one entity and allergic asthma another, or whether they are different expressions of the same disease. the present study was done to compare ecp concentrations in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum f ... | 2000 | 10791110 |
| isolation of recent variant influenza types a (h3n2) & b strains in pune, india during 1998. | a total of 456 patients with influenza like illness were investigated during the course of continuous surveillance on influenza in pune, india in 1998. the throat and nasal swab specimens collected from these patients were processed in mdck cell culture. influenza type a (h3n2) and type b strains were isolated in mdck cell culture. they were identified as similar to the recently prevalent globally circulating variant strains; a/sydney/05/97 (h3n2) and b/harbin/07/94. | 2000 | 10793486 |
| use of monoclonal antibodies for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in a community hospital. | an indirect fluorescence antibody (ifa) procedure was used for the rapid detection of respiratory viruses in direct clinical specimens and for determining the epidemiology of viruses in a community hospital setting. viral respiratory diseases were monitored for 10 consecutive respiratory seasons. the bartels viral respiratory screening and identification kit is an ifa method that contains pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies for seven common respiratory viruses. compared with 8,670 conven ... | 2000 | 10799452 |
| [influenza: from vaccine prevention to antiviral therapy]. | influenza is a highly infectious disease responsible for dangerous epidemics, especially in patients at high risk. the vaccine exerts a valuable protective effect estimated up to 70% and is still considered as the key-approach against influenza. antiviral agents of the first generation (amantadine, rimantadine, ribavirine) have limited use because of poor tolerance and occurrence of resistance. zanamivir or relenza, marketed by glaxo wellcome, is a new virostatic drug acting as a neuraminidase i ... | 2000 | 10803033 |
| [influenza in the 21st century: preparing ourselves for a new pandemic]. | 2000 | 10804754 | |
| influenza b virus in seals. | influenza b virus is a human pathogen whose origin and possible reservoir in nature are not known. an influenza b virus was isolated from a naturally infected harbor seal (phoca vitulina) and was found to be infectious to seal kidney cells in vitro. sequence analyses and serology indicated that influenza virus b/seal/netherlands/1/99 is closely related to strains that circulated in humans 4 to 5 years earlier. retrospective analyses of sera collected from 971 seals showed a prevalence of antibod ... | 2000 | 10807575 |
| [the evaluation of the reactogenicity, harmlessness and prophylactic efficacy of grippol trivalent polymer-subunit influenza vaccine administered to schoolchildren]. | vaccine "grippol"--has been developed at the state research center--institute of immunology. the preparation belongs to new generation vaccines and is a trivalent polymer-subunit vaccine containing the sterile conjugate of influenza virus surface proteins, types a and b, bound with copolymer polyoxidonium. the administration of "grippol" to children of school age (6-18 years) demonstrated low reactogenicity of the vaccine, its safety and sufficient prophylactic effectiveness. during observations ... | 2000 | 10808574 |
| population estimates of persons presenting to general practitioners with influenza-like illness, 1987-96: a study of the demography of influenza-like illness in sentinel practice networks in england and wales, and in the netherlands. | incidence data by age of new episodes of influenza-like illness reported by sentinel general practice networks in england and wales and in the netherlands over a 10-year period were examined to provide estimates of the consulting population during influenza epidemic periods. baseline levels of recording in each age group were calculated from weeks in which influenza viruses were not circulating and the excess over baseline calculated to provide the population estimates during influenza epidemics ... | 2000 | 10813150 |
| surveillance for influenza--united states, 1994-95, 1995-96, and 1996-97 seasons. | influenza epidemics occur nearly every year during the winter months and are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the united states, including an average of approximately 114,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths per year. | 2000 | 10817484 |
| zanamivir for treatment of symptomatic influenza a and b infection in children five to twelve years of age: a randomized controlled trial. | influenza infection rates are higher in children than in other age groups. this study evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a 5-day course of twice daily inhaled zanamivir, 10 mg, compared with placebo in the treatment of symptomatic influenza a and b viral infections among children 5 to 12 years of age. | 2000 | 10819336 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 1999-2000 season, and composition of the 2000-01 influenza vaccine. | influenza a (h3n2) viruses were the predominant viruses isolated in the united states and worldwide during 1999-2000. this was the third consecutive year that influenza a/sydney/05/97-like (h3n2) viruses were the most prevalent viruses isolated in the united states. influenza activity in the united states was similar to the previous two seasons, although mortality measurements attributed to pneumonia and influenza (p&i) were unusually high. overall, the 1999-2000 influenza vaccine was well match ... | 2000 | 10821483 |
| influenza b virus encephalitis. | acute encephalitis and postinfectious encephalopathy have been reported infrequently in association with influenza a and b virus infections. we report herein a case of a 6-year-old girl with acute influenza b virus encephalitis resulting in neurological sequelae. the diagnosis was made by isolation of influenza b virus from the nasopharynx, seroconversion to influenza b, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) identification of the virus from the patient's cerebrospinal flui ... | 1999 | 10825057 |
| [fulminant influenza pneumonia]. | severe community acquired pneumonia is a common cause of acute respiratory failure requiring ventilator support. bacteria are by far the most common pathogens, necessitating initial coverage with antibacterial agents. when influenza virus is involved in the aetiology of severe pneumonia, its role in the pathogenesis is most often that of facilitating secondary bacterial pneumonia. the influenza virus itself can, however, cause a severe and rapidly evolving viral pneumonia. we describe two cases ... | 2000 | 10827519 |
| influenza. | in australia in april this year, there were 25 cases of influenza a and 8 cases of influenza b reported. most of these, 11 of type a and all 8 type b occurred in western australia. in may, 33 type a and two type b were reported. of these, 25 type a were in south australia and the two type b were in victoria. in addition, two type h3n2, an epidemic strain, were reported in victoria. most recently, in june 1999 36 type a (14 in victoria and 12 in western australia) plus one case of h1n1 9 (also an ... | 1999 | 10846998 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly in welfare nursing homes: reduction in risks of mortality and morbidity during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | the effect of influenza vaccination on the occurrence and severity of influenza virus infection in a population residing in nursing homes for the elderly was studied during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in japan. of 22,462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10,739 received either one dose (2027 subjects) or two doses (8712 subjects) of inactivated, subunit trivalent influenza vaccine. during the period nov. 1998 to march 1999, there were 950 cases of influenza infection diagnosed ... | 2000 | 10847209 |
| [the effectiveness of using the vaxigrip vaccine from the firm of pasteur mérieux connaught for influenza prevention in organized groups of adults]. | the results of the study of the effectiveness of using vaccine vaxigrip for the prophylaxis of influenza in organized groups of adults are presented. the vaccine was found to have high epidemiological effectiveness (the epidemiological index was 2.6), moderate reactogenicity and pronounced immunological activity (the protection level was 89.0-100.0%). the vaccine may be recommended for the prophylaxis of influenza among adults. | 1999 | 10851988 |
| [the etiological structure of the morbidity from influenza and other ards on the territory of russia in the season of 1997-1998]. | the antigenic properties of 51 strains of influenza virus a(h1n1), isolated in different cities of russia during the epidemic of 1998, were studied. most of these strains (49) proved to be similar to virus a/bern/07/95 in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin, but 2 strains isolated in ulan-ude were found to be closely related to new antigenic variants of this virus: a/beijing/262/95 and a/fukuoka/c7/98. the analysis of the antigenic structure of influenza-like diseases (ild) in different cit ... | 1999 | 10852031 |
| genetic variability in envelope-associated protein genes of closely related group a strains of respiratory syncytial virus. | the genetic and antigenic diversity present in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains may in part be explained by genetic drift similar to that which occurs with influenza virus b. to study drift in rsv strains, we sequenced the five membrane-associated genes, m, sh, g, f, and m2, from three sets of rsv isolates: one set of seven closely related isolates obtained over 5 years in st. louis, mo, and two sets of four closely related rsv isolates from other communities. we found nucleotide-variab ... | 1999 | 10854168 |
| [epidemiological analysis of influenza b virus belonging to b/victoria/2/87 lineage isolated in off-season of 1998 and late epidemic season in shizuoka prefecture]. | in shizuoka prefecture, influenza b viruses belonging to b/victoria/2/87 lineage caused an outbreak among school children in the off-season of 1998, and the same b viruses were mainly isolated during the following epidemic. low titer of hi antibody among children for influenza b virus belonging to the same lineage was a recognized factor in the causation of the distinctive epidemic. the herald virus strains seemed to be antigenically similar to the late epidemic virus strains, but the former str ... | 2000 | 10860362 |
| carbocyclic influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a c3-cyclic amine side chain: synthesis and inhibitory activity. | as part of our continuing work in the area of influenza neuraminidase inhibitors, a series of c3-aza inhibitors possessing a cyclic amine side chain was synthesized and evaluated for influenza neuraminidase inhibitory activity. analogues possessing a six-, seven- and eight-membered ring, 4c-e, respectively, at the c3 position exhibited excellent influenza b neuraminidase inhibition. | 2000 | 10866394 |
| [the characteristics of the influenza epidemic in the world, russia and the cis countries in the 1997-1998 season]. | 1999 | 10876847 | |
| epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza. | influenza a, b and c all have a segmented genome, although only certain influenza a subtypes and influenza b cause severe disease in humans. the two major proteins of influenza are the surface glycoproteins-haemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). ha is the major antigen for neutralizing antibodies and is involved in the binding of virus particles to receptors on host cells. pandemics are a result of novel virus subtypes of influenza a, created by reassortment of the segmented genome (antigen ... | 1999 | 10877456 |
| randomized, placebo-controlled studies of inhaled zanamivir in the treatment of influenza a and b: pooled efficacy analysis. | zanamivir, a potent, highly selective inhibitor of influenza virus a and b neuraminidase, has been evaluated in seven, similarly designed, placebo-controlled studies of the treatment of influenza. patients with typical influenza symptoms were recruited when influenza was known to be circulating in the community. six of these studies included a zanamivir 10 mg inhaled bd (for 5 days) treatment arm, the dose regimen submitted to regulatory agencies. pooled analyses were conducted to evaluate effic ... | 1999 | 10877459 |
| a tritonx-100-split virion influenza vaccine is safe and fulfills the committee for proprietary medicinal products (cpmp) recommendations for the european community for immunogenicity, in children, adults and the elderly. | influenza epidemics are an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. current recommendations from health authorities emphasize annual immunization of people who are particularly at risk from an influenza virus infection; however, vaccination of working adults and of school children also has been shown to provide public health benefits. to give it a more advantageous reactogenicity profile than the diethylether-split influenza vaccines available previously, a split virion i ... | 2000 | 10885616 |
| [seroepidemiological survey for influenza virus in belém, pará, brazil, 1992-1993] | a seroepidemiological study was carried out from 1992 to 1993 to estimate the prevalence of antibody to prevailing influenza virus strains circulating among patients attending the iec virology laboratory in belem, northern brazil. a total of 179 (11%) of serum samples were obtained during the post-epidemic period and processed by the hemagglutination inhibition test against the a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2), and b/yamagata/16/88 types of influenza virus. the serological results i ... | 1997 | 10886836 |
| danysz phenomenon in the influenza virus and complement interaction. | 1998 | 10892423 | |
| respiratory virus surveillance. fluwatch project. | 2000 | 10893822 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, and worldwide, 1999-2000 season, and composition of the 2000-2001 influenza vaccine. | 2000 | 10896521 | |
| epidemiological investigation of nine respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children in germany using multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | the aim of this study was to generate urgently needed data on respiratory pathogens in german children using an economical and efficient tool. nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized children 0-16 years of age with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by a nine-valent multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. of 1281 children, 449 (35%) had an acute respiratory tract infection caused by at least one of the organisms studied; there were 29 cases of dual infection. at ... | 2000 | 10898133 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in children hospitalised with acute lower respiratory tract infection. | data are lacking on respiratory syncytial virus. (rsv) respiratory tract infections in children from developing countries. | 2000 | 10901825 |
| detection of viral and bacterial protein in endomyocardial biopsies of patients with inflammatory heart muscle disease? | the development of highly sensitive molecular biological methods such as in-situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) made it possible to detect viral/bacterial nucleic acid in human endomyocardial biopsies. however, only a few investigations addressed the problem of latent persistence of viral and bacterial genome and the detection of the corresponding proteins, which could have important consequences for the clinical course of the disease. the purpose of this study was to determin ... | 2000 | 10904844 |
| frequency of serological evidence of bordetella infections and mixed infections with other respiratory pathogens in university students with cough illnesses. | banked acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples from a previous study of respiratory illness in university students were examined for significant (>/=2-fold) increases in elisa titers of iga and igg antibody to bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae-2 and >/=4-fold titer increases to agglutinogens by agglutination. elisa titers of antibody to pertussis toxin could not be determined because of technical problems. chlamydia pneumoniae infections were diagno ... | 2000 | 10913388 |
| [use of sentinel reporting clinics for influenza surveillance in the winter of 1996-1997]. | in a joint effort of the israel center for disease control, the national center for influenza in the central virology laboratory, together with a group of collaborating pediatricians and family physicians, a network for influenza surveillance was established in the winter of 1996-97. nose and throat swabs were obtained from 571 patients with flu-like illness. 133 (23%) were positive for influenza virus. both influenza a(h3n2) and b were isolated, predominantly influenza b during the beginning of ... | 1999 | 10914192 |
| clinical and financial benefits of rapid detection of respiratory viruses: an outcomes study. | to assess the expected benefits of rapid reporting of respiratory viruses, we compared patients whose samples were processed using standard techniques such as enzyme immunoassays, shell vial assays, and culture tube assays (year 1) to patients whose samples were processed with the same standard techniques in addition to immunofluorescent testing (fa) directly on cytocentrifuged samples (year 2). the cytospin fa screened for influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainflue ... | 2000 | 10921934 |
| antiviral activity of nmso3 against respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | nmso3, a sulfated sialyl lipid was evaluated for its efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and other myxovirus infections in cell culture. the median effective concentration (50% effective concentration, ec(50)) of nmso3 against replication of the long strain of rsv in hep-2 cells was 0.2 and 0.32 microm by optical elisa and the plaque reduction method, respectively. on the other hand, the corresponding values for ribavirin were 10.5 and 11.2 microm, respectively. nmso3 showed poten ... | 2000 | 10930645 |
| comparison of influenza a and influenza b virus infection in hospitalized children. | influenza a and b viruses were cocirculating in australia in the winter of 1997. objective: to compare the clinical and demographic features of children with influenza a or influenza b virus infection admitted to a paediatric tertiary referral centre. | 2000 | 10940165 |
| [post-influenza acute myositis]. | 2000 | 10941464 | |
| evaluation of biostar flu oia assay for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses in respiratory specimens. | demand for the rapid diagnosis of influenza infections has increased with the advent of the availability of neuraminidase antiviral therapy for influenza a and b. several rapid assays that detect both influenza a and b are now available. | 2000 | 10942092 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 1999. | an effective national surveillance system is an essential component of a program for the control of influenza. the national influenza surveillance scheme includes data from sentinel general practice consultations for influenza-like illness, laboratory reports of influenza and absenteeism rates from a national employer. the 1999 season peaked between may and september with maximal activity between july and august. influenza a was the dominant type in all states and territories with influenza a h3 ... | 2000 | 10943027 |
| immune response to influenza vaccine in healthy elderly: lack of association with plasma beta-carotene, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, or zinc. | immunity and nutritional status are compromised with age, yet the relationship between them is unclear. immune responses and plasma micronutrient levels of 61 healthy elderly (mean 81 years) and 27 young (mean 27 years) were assessed before and after immunization with trivalent influenza vaccine (flu). flu-induced proliferation and ifn-gamma levels of elderly were lower than young before and after immunization. proliferation and ifn-gamma levels increased after immunization of young, but not eld ... | 2000 | 10958921 |
| procoagulant activity of endothelial cells after infection with respiratory viruses. | influenza virus epidemics are associated with excess mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. there are several case reports of excessive coagulation during generalised influenza virus infection. in this study, we demonstrate the ability of respiratory viruses (influenza a, influenza b, parainfluenza-1, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus) to infect lung fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. all viral pathogens induced procoagulant activity in i ... | 2000 | 10959707 |
| influenza vaccine shortages threaten those with chronic diseases. | 2000 | 10970155 | |
| heterogeneity of influenza b virus strains in one epidemic season differentiated by monoclonal antibodies and nucleotide sequences. | seventy-three b/victoria group strains isolated in the 1996-1997 influenza season were divided into three groups according to the degree of reactivity to monoclonal antibody 8e6. analysis of nucleotide sequences of the ha1 region clarified that single amino acid substitutions were responsible for the difference in reactivity to 8e6. | 2000 | 10970406 |
| epidemiology and virology of influenza illness. based on a presentation by arnold s. monto, md. | although researchers have demonstrated that influenza illness has affected societies for many centuries, in more recent decades, the world health organization and the centers for disease control and prevention have developed sophisticated means of tracking the virus' activity around the globe. the importance of tracking influenza activity lies not only in detecting what is circulating in other countries, but also in enabling global manufacturers of vaccine to prepare the appropriate a and b comp ... | 2000 | 10977472 |
| studies of the 1996-1997 inactivated influenza vaccine among children attending day care: immunologic response, protection against infection, and clinical effectiveness. | a randomized, blinded, pilot study of influenza vaccine administered to children attending day care centers was conducted during the 1996-1997 winter. vaccine efficacy in preventing serologically proven influenza virus infection was 0.45 (95% confidence limit [cl]: -0.02, 0.69) for influenza b and 0.31 (95% cl: -0.95, 0.73) for influenza a(h3n2). for both influenza a(h3n2) and b, children without preexisting hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody to these antigens had lower antibody responses ... | 2000 | 10979921 |
| surveillance of influenza viruses isolated from travellers at nagoya international airport. | in order to conduct a survey of influenza viruses entering japan via travellers arriving by airplanes, gargle solutions were collected from passengers who reported to the quarantine station of nagoya international airport complaining of respiratory symptoms. from 504 samples collected between august 1996 and march 1999, 30 influenza virus strains were isolated. twenty-eight of the isolates were influenza a (h3n2) viruses and two were influenza b viruses. no h1n1 virus was isolated. among 28 isol ... | 2000 | 10982075 |
| rapid diagnostic tests for influenza. | 1999 | 10987012 | |
| carbohydrate biopolymers enhance antibody responses to mucosally delivered vaccine antigens. | we have evaluated the ability of two carbohydrate biopolymers, chitosan and gellan, to enhance antibody responses to subunit influenza virus vaccines delivered to the respiratory tracts of mice. groups of mice were vaccinated three times intranasally (i.n.) with 10 microg of purified influenza b/panama virus surface antigens (psas), which consist of hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na), either alone or admixed with chitosan or gellan solutions. separate groups were vaccinated subcutaneously ... | 2000 | 10992483 |
| bcx-1812 (rwj-270201): discovery of a novel, highly potent, orally active, and selective influenza neuraminidase inhibitor through structure-based drug design. | 2000 | 11000002 | |
| epidemiology of acute viral respiratory tract infections in korean children. | viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infection in children. we investigated the aetiologies and the epidemiological features of acute viral respiratory tract infections in korean children. | 2000 | 11023760 |
| transmembrane peptide nb of influenza b: a simulation, structure, and conductance study. | the putative transmembrane segment of the ion channel forming peptide nb from influenza b was synthesized by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis. insertion into the planar lipid bilayer revealed ion channel activity with conductance levels of 20, 61, 107, and 142 ps in a 0.5 m kcl buffer solution. in addition, levels at -100 mv show conductances of 251 and 413 ps. a linear current-voltage relation reveals a voltage-independent channel formation. in methanol and in vesicles the peptide appears ... | 2000 | 11027151 |
| [serological diagnosis and nasopharyngeal washings in pediatric infections]. | in the course of respiratory infections, the efficacy of microbiologic diagnosis has increased years after years, in term of specificity, sensitivity and rapidity. new pathogenic agents have been described such as: legionella pneumophila, chlamydia pneumoniae, hantavirus. some viruses have been well characterized as responsible for seasonal outbreaks using rapid tools for identification. needs for efficient diagnostic tools became more obvious when specific antiviral drugs appeared on the market ... | 2000 | 11028183 |
| [diagnosis and course of myocarditis: a survey in the medical clinics of zurich university hospital 1980 to 1998]. | the clinical picture of myocarditis/myopericarditis is of importance in differential diagnosis, especially in younger patients with suspected myocardial infarction. myocarditis/myopericarditis commonly presents with chest pain, and the diagnosis is usually established on clinical grounds. however, endomyocardial biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. we evaluated the characteristics of acute myocarditis over the years 1980-1998 in 54 patients of the department of medicine of the universit ... | 2000 | 11028270 |
| entry of influenza viruses into cells is inhibited by a highly specific protein kinase c inhibitor. | following binding to cell surface sialic acid, entry of influenza viruses into cells is mediated by endocytosis. productive entry of influenza virus requires the low-ph environment of the late endosome for fusion and release of the virus into the cytoplasm and transport of the virus genome into the nucleus. we investigated novel mechanisms to inhibit influenza virus infection using highly specific inhibitors of protein kinase c. we found that one inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide i, prevented repli ... | 2000 | 11038382 |
| [influenza season 1999/2000 and vaccine composition for the season 2000/01]. | the first signs of influenza activity in the netherlands during the 1999/2000 influenza season were the isolation of an influenza a (h3n2) virus in week 40 and of two more in week 43 of 1999. from week 50 onwards, a strong increase of the clinical influenza activity was observed which reached its peak in weeks 1 and 2 of 2000 and then rapidly declined. the clinical influenza activity was associated with the isolation of predominantly influenza a (h3n2) viruses. near the end of the epidemic, infl ... | 2000 | 11048562 |
| inhaled zanamivir for the prevention of influenza in families. zanamivir family study group. | as prophylaxis against influenza in families, amantadine and rimantadine have had inconsistent effectiveness, partly because of the transmission of drug-resistant variants from treated index patients. we performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of inhaled zanamivir for the treatment and prevention of influenza in families. | 2000 | 11058672 |
| influenza in the family. | 2000 | 11058679 | |
| neuraminidase inhibitors in the treatment of influenza a and b--overview and case reports. | influenza viruses type a and b can cause a wide spectrum of illness, and they are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. with the new neuraminidase inhibitors, of which zanamivir was the first drug to be licensed, the physician has antivirals at his disposal which are safe and effective against both influenza virus type a and type b. available data from clinical phase iii studies indicate benefits in terms of a reduction in the median time to alleviation of major symptoms by 1.5 t ... | 2000 | 11073130 |
| a comparative study of immunocapture elisa and rt-pcr for screening clinical samples from southern greece for human influenza virus types a and b. | an immunocapture (ic) elisa and reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr assays were evaluated as screening methods for the detection of influenza virus types a and b in clinical samples collected from individuals presenting with influenza-like symptoms in southern greece. standard virus isolation in embryonated hens' eggs was taken as the reference method. according to the reference method, 25 (16.7%) of the 150 clinical samples examined were infected by influenza viruses - 19 type a (h3n2) and 6 type b. ... | 2000 | 11073158 |
| predicting influenza infections during epidemics with use of a clinical case definition. | combined pharyngeal and nasal swab specimens were collected from 100 subjects who presented with a flu-like illness (fever >37.8 degrees c plus 2 of 4 symptoms: cough, myalgia, sore throat, and headache) of <72 hours' duration at 3 different clinics in the province of quebec, canada, during the 1998-1999 flu season. the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection was 72% according to cell culture findings and 79% according to the results of multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain r ... | 2000 | 11073747 |
| oral oseltamivir in human experimental influenza b infection. | oseltamivir is the prodrug of ro64-0802 (gs4071), a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza a and b virus neuraminidases. three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluated oral oseltamivir for early treatment (75 or 150 mg twice daily for 5 days) or prevention (75 mg once or twice daily for 7 days) of experimental influenza b virus infection in healthy susceptible adults. treatment study a (n=60) demonstrated similar trends to treatment study b (n=117), in ... | 2000 | 11075941 |
| in vitro and in vivo assay systems for study of influenza virus inhibitors. | evaluation of potential influenza virus inhibitors may utilize multiple steps. first would be to determine if the viral target (e.g. influenza virus neuraminidase) being focused upon will be inhibited in the appropriate assay. standard in vitro antiviral assays, used next in antiviral evaluations, may utilize inhibition of viral plaques, viral cytopathic effect (cpe), and viral hemagglutinin or other protein, with inhibition of viral yield used in follow-up evaluations. the cpe can be determined ... | 2000 | 11080536 |
| [rt-pcr for the determinationof the type of influenza virus circulating in the population]. | reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to determine the type of flu virus that was circulating mostly in the population of the basque country in the 1999-2000 season. in this time period, 124 nasal and pharyngeal aspirations from persons with flu-like symptoms were analyzed. a parallel analysis was carried out using a conventional culture or a shell-vial in mdck cell line, and immunofluorescence and multiple rt-pcr for the detection of influenza virus and its a and b t ... | 2000 | 11086279 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a paediatric presentation of an influenza vaccine. | flu vaccination in otherwise healthy infants and young children is important to prevent severe disease, as well as to control epidemic spread of influenza infection. | 2000 | 11087282 |
| influenza activity--united states and worldwide, april-october 2000. | during october 1999-may 2000, influenza a(h3n2), a(h1n1), and b viruses were identified in the northern hemisphere. influenza a(h3n2) predominated, but the number of influenza a(h1n1) viruses increased toward the end of the influenza season in the northern hemisphere. since april, influenza a viruses have predominated in the southern hemisphere and tropical regions, but influenza b viruses also have been identified. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states and worldwide fro ... | 2000 | 11097141 |
| influenza: a pediatrician's perspective. | 2000 | 11098516 | |
| the epidemiology of influenza in children. | 2000 | 11098517 | |
| [evaluation of influenza virus type a detection kit]. | we evaluated a new influenza virus type a detection kit (influa-ad "seiken") and compared it to virus isolation and rt-pcr using throat swab specimens. our results were as follows: 1) from 13 specimens in which influenza virus type a was isolated, influa-ad "seiken" detected 12 while rt-pcr detected 9. 2) from 7 specimens in which influenza virus type b was isolated, influa-ad "seiken" detected 0 while rt-pcr detected 1. 3) from 2 specimens in which adeno virus was isolated, influa-ad "seiken" d ... | 2000 | 11109767 |
| adult croup: a rare but more severe condition. | we report the first adult patient with virologically confirmed croup caused by parainfluenza virus type 3 and review 10 cases of adult croup described in the english-language literature. circumstantial evidence of viral infection was present in only 1 other case, in which there was a rise in antibody titer against influenza b virus. ten patients (91%) required intensive care support. none of the 11 patients died. a comparison was also made between the 11 adults with croup and 43 children hospita ... | 2000 | 11124654 |
| influenza activity--united states, 2000-01 season. | this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during october 1-november 25, 2000 (1). influenza activity was low during this period, and influenza virus isolates were reported from 11 states. the viruses most frequently isolated were influenza a (h1n1) and were well matched by the 2000-01 influenza vaccine strain. | 2000 | 11130857 |
| 1999-2000 influenza season: canadian laboratory diagnoses and strain characterization. | 2000 | 11131691 |